Scribd
Upload
21 views19 pages

DIP - ch1

The document discusses digital images including their representation as a set of pixels, energy sources, and processing. Digital image processing focuses on improving images for human interpretation and processing images for storage, transmission and machine perception. Applications mentioned include satellite imaging, animation, medicine, law enforcement and human-computer interaction.

Uploaded by

Durba Binte Kalam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
21 views19 pages

DIP - ch1

The document discusses digital images including their representation as a set of pixels, energy sources, and processing. Digital image processing focuses on improving images for human interpretation and processing images for storage, transmission and machine perception. Applications mentioned include satellite imaging, animation, medicine, law enforcement and human-computer interaction.

Uploaded by

Durba Binte Kalam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Introduction

What is Digital Image


• A digital image is a representation of a two-
dimensional function f(x,y) as a finite set of
digital values, called picture elements or
pixels

2
Energy Source of Images
• The principal energy source for images in use today is the
electromagnetic (EM)energy spectrum.
• Synthetic images, used for modeling and visualization, are
generated by computer.
• Electromagnetic waves can be conceptualized as propagating
sinusoidal waves of varying wavelengths, or they can be thought
of as a stream of massless particles, each traveling in a wavelike
pattern and moving at the speed of light.
• Each mass-less particle contains a certain amount (or bundle) of
energy. Each bundle of energy is called a photon.
• If spectral bands are grouped according to energy per photon,
we obtain the spectrum

3
What is Digital Image? (Cont.)
• Pixel values typically represent intensity, gray levels,
colours, heights, depths, opacities etc
• Remember digitization implies that a digital image is an
approximation of a real scene.
1 pixel

• When x, y, and the intensity values of f are all finite,


discrete quantities, we call the image a digital image.
4
What is
Digital Image Processing?
• Digital image processing focuses on
two major tasks
o Improvement of pictorial information for human
interpretation
o Processing of image data for storage, transmission and
representation for autonomous machine perception
• No General agreement where Image Processing
Starts and Stops
• Image Processing
• Computer Vision
• Artificial Intelligence

5
Digital Image Processing
• The continuum from image processing to
computer vision can be broken up into low-,
mid- and high-level processes

Low Level Process Mid Level Process High Level Process


Input: Image Input: Image Input: Attributes
Output: Image Output: Attributes Output:
Understanding

Examples: Noise Examples: Object Examples: Scene


removal, image recognition, segmentation understanding,
sharpening autonomous navigation

6
Few Applications:
Satellite Imaging
• Launched in 1990 the Hubble
telescope can take images of
very distant objects
• However, an incorrect mirror
made many of Hubble’s
images useless
• Image processing
techniques were
used to fix this

7
Animation
• Artistic effects are used to make images more visually appealing,
to add special effects and to make composite images

8
Medicine
Take slice from MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
scan of a heart, and find boundaries between types
of tissue
o Image with gray levels representing tissue density
o Use a suitable filter to highlight edges

9
Law Enforcement
•Image processing techniques are used extensively by law
enforcers
o Number plate recognition for speed cameras/automated
toll systems
o Fingerprint recognition

Embedded Image Processing 10


Human Computer
Interaction
•Try to make human computer interfaces more natural
o Face recognition
o Gesture recognition
•Does anyone remember the
user interface from “Minority Report”?
•These tasks can be extremely difficult

Embedded Image Processing 11


Digital Image Representation
➢ A digital image is an image f(x,y) that has been digitized both
in spatial coordinates and brightness.
➢ The value of f at any point (x,y) is proportional to the
brightness (or gray level) of the image at that point.

0  f (i, j)  2bpp
12
Color Image
• Separate Channel for different color
o RGB
• Some model separates Color information from Brightness
intensity
o HSI

13
Coordinate Convention

FIGURE: Coordinate convention to represent Digital Image

FIGURE: Matrix Representation FIGURE: Element-wise Representation


14
Matrix Flattening
• For performance reasons
we usually do not store
images in the matrix
fashion when coding
image processing
algorithms in Embedded
Systems.
• There are two prevalent
ordering schemes for
storing flattened 2D
matrices:
o Row-major and
o Column-major.

15
Matrix Flattening

16
?
17
18
Thanks

19

You might also like