REPORT 1

WAFFLE SLAB
SPECIFICATIONS
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 03 CONCRETE
Section No. Title

03 11 00 Concrete Forming

03 20 00 Concrete Reinforcement

03 30 00 Cast-in-Place Concrete

03 39 00 Concrete Curing
DIVISION 03: CONCRETE

Section 03 11 00
Concrete Forming
PART 1 - GENERAL

1.01 SECTION INCLUDES

A. Layout of formwork.
B. Formwork construction.
C. Embedded items and openings in concrete.
D. Form release materials.
E. Removal of forms.
F. Field quality control.
G. Detection of movement.
H. Re-use of forms.

1.04 REFERENCES

A. American Concrete Institute (ACI):

1. ACI 117 Standard Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete
Construction and Materials
2. ACI 301 Standard Specifications for Structural Concrete
3. ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
4. ACI 347 Formwork for Concrete

B. American Plywood Association (APA):

1. U.S. Product Standard PS 1 for Construction and Industrial
Plywood

C. Federal Specifications (FS):

1. TT-S-230 Sealing Compound: Elastomeric Type, Single
Component, (for Calking, Sealing, and Glazing in Buildings and
Other Structures)
2. TT-S-1543 Sealing Compound: Silicone Rubber Base (For
Calking, Sealing, and Glazing in Buildings and Other Structures)

D. West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (WCLB):

1. WCLB No. 17 Standard Grading Rules

1.05 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Formwork Standards: Unless otherwise indicated, design, construct,

erect, maintain, and remove forms and related structures for concrete work in
accordance with applicable requirements of ACI 301, ACI 318, and ACI 347.

1. Architectural Concrete: Forms for architectural concrete shall be

designed and constructed in accordance with ACI 301.
 2. Deflection: Where dead and live loads on forms will be more than
20 percent greater than the weight of the concrete, provide
framing lumber of required strength, and comply with ACI 301 and
ACI 347 for design of framing members. Deflection shall be kept
within the herein specified tolerances.
3. Concrete Mix Design: Design of formwork shall be coordinated
with the concrete mix design, as specified in Section 03 05 15 -
Portland Cement Concrete, so that form materials, form surfaces,
and formwork strength will produce the desired concrete
tolerances and finishes.

B. Formwork Surface Materials: Provide material and work quality which will
produce clean and uniform finished surfaces within the allowable tolerances
specified and which will conform with the following requirements:
1. Concrete Exposed to View: Provide material and work quality that
will produce clean, smooth, and uniform concrete surfaces. Refer
to Section 03 35 00 - Concrete Finishing, and ACI 301 for
requirements.
2. Concrete Concealed from View: Provide material and work quality
that will produce aligned concrete surfaces free of fins,
honeycomb, and stains.

C. Special Formwork Sections: Provide openings, offsets, sinkages,

keyways, recesses, moldings, rustication strips, chamfers, blocking, screeds,
bulkheads, anchorages, embedded items, and other features. Select materials and
provide workmanship that will ensure indicated finishes.

D. Chamfered Corners: All external corners shall be chamfered, unless

otherwise indicated.

E. Removal Features: Design formwork to be readily removable without

impact, shock, and damage to concrete surfaces and adjacent materials.

F. Tolerances for Formed Surfaces: For buildings and similar structures,

comply with the requirements of ACI 301, as applicable. For those items of work or
parts of the structure not covered by ACI 301, comply with the requirements of ACI
117, as applicable. Coordinate with the requirements specified in Section 03 30 00 -
Cast-In-Place Concrete.

1.07 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Storage: Store form panels to prevent warpage. Protect panels from

damage and contamination which could adversely affect concrete.

B. Handling: Lift form panels by methods that will protect panels from
damage and distortion.

1.08 JOB CONDITIONS

 A. Allow sufficient time between erection of forms and placing of concrete
for the various trades to properly install concrete reinforcement, embedded items,
sleeves, and blockouts.

B. Do not apply superimposed loads to the structure until concrete has

developed its specified 28-day compressive strength.

PART 2 SPECIFICATION

2.01 MATERIALS

A. Lumber: Boards and framing lumber shall be graded and grade-marked in

accordance with WCLB No. 17. Provide framing lumber of required strength,
conforming with the above specified WCLB No. 17.
1. Boards: Provide all West Coast Species, "Construction" or
"Standard" Boards. Use a dressed side of lumber for surface
contact with the concrete, and provide boards with dressed or
tongue-and-groove edges to provide tight joints to prevent mortar
leakage.
2. Framing Lumber:
a. Light Framing: Provide all West Coast Species, "Construction" or
"Standard" Light Framing, dressed or rough. Where loads are not
a factor, "Utility" Light Framing will be acceptable.
b. Joists and Planks: Provide all West Coast Species, "No. 2"
Structural Joists and Planks, dressed or rough.
c. Beams and Stringers: Provide all West Coast Species, "Standard"
Beams and Stringers or "No. 2 Structural" Beams and Stringers,
dressed or rough.

B. Plywood (Plyform): Plywood shall be graded and grade-marked in

accordance with U.S. Product Standard PS-1.
1. B-B Plyform: Provide Class I, EXT-APA, sanded, APA
trademarked.
2. B-C Plyform: Provide Class I, EXT-APA, APA trademarked.
3. High Density Overlay (HDO) Plyform: Provide A-A, 60-60, Class I,
EXT-APA, APA trademarked.
4. Thickness: As required to maintain surface smoothness without
deflection, but not thinner than 5/8 inch.

C. Steel Forms: Proprietary, patented, or fabricated steel forms, using

standard or commercial quality, uncoated steel sheet or plate, 3/16-inch minimum
thickness, for panel facings. Provide surfaces that will not impart corrosion residue
to concrete. Include panel framing, reinforcement, and erection accessories.

D. Waffle Slab Forms: Steel or reinforced plastic dome forms for two-way
joist construction, smooth surface, of sizes indicated.

E. Round Column Forms: Pressed or molded fiber-reinforced plastic or steel,

manufactured round column forms, seamless or one-piece (one vertical seam),
smooth surface, of sizes indicated.
 1. Provide forms which will not deflect under pressure of concrete
placement, and which will not deflect or blow off under added
pressure of placement of fly-ash-modified concrete.

F. Formliners for Exposed and Architectural Concrete: Thermally formed,

pressed or molded fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP), ABS alloy plastic, PVC alloy
plastic, or similar material, manufactured to produce finished concrete of design,
configuration, and surface texture indicated. Fromliners shall be continuous, one
piece. No horizontal joints shall be acceptable unless the applicable height exceeds
the available formliner height. Provide formliners with inherent form-release surface.
Formliners may be manufactured for single-use or multi-use service as appropriate.

G. Leakage Control Materials: Provide materials capable of producing flush,

watertight, and nonabsorbent surfaces and joints, and compatible with forming
material and concrete ingredients. Seal form edges with gasketing material or
sealant placed in the joint in such a way that neither a fin nor groove is made in the
face of the cast concrete.
1. Calking Compound: Silicone or polyurethane construction sealant
conforming to FS TTS-230 or TT-S-1543, as applicable.
2. Tapes: Form film tape of polypropylene plastic treated with
waterproof adhesive, for joint conditions not exposed to public
view.

H. Form Release Agent: Commercial formulation, silicone-free form-release

agent, designed for use on all types of forms, which will not bond with, stain, nor
adversely affect concrete surfaces, and which will not impair subsequent treatment
of concrete surfaces requiring bond or adhesion nor impede wetting of surfaces
which will be cured with water, steam, or curing compounds.

I. Plugged Cone Form Ties: Rod type, with ends or end fasteners which can
be removed without spalling the concrete and which leave a hole equal in depth to
the required reinforcement clearance. Form ties shall be of a design in which the
hole left by the removed end or end fastener is easily filled to match the surface of
the hardened concrete. Provide removable cones 1-1/4 inches in diameter by 1-1/2
inches deep. Provide preformed mortar plugs to match the color of the concrete,
recessed 1/4 inch, adhered with an approved epoxy adhesive.

J. Inserts: Cast stainless steel or welded stainless steel, Type 316 or similar
300 Series, complete with anchors to concrete and fittings such as bolts, wedges,
and straps. Provide hanger inserts spaced to match the grid of suspended ceiling.

K. Dovetail Anchor Slots: 22 gage or heavier galvanized steel dovetail

anchor slots, for anchoring of masonry veneer with galvanized steel dovetail
anchors provided under Division 4, Masonry.

L. Chamfer Strips: 3/4 inch by 3/4 inch triangular fillets milled from clear,
straight-grain pine, surfaced each side, or extruded vinyl type with or without nailing
flange.

M. Miscellaneous Joint Strips: Preformed strips for reveals, rustications, and

similar joints fabricated of wood, metal, or plastic.
 N. Waterstops: Refer to Section 03 15 13 - Waterstops, for requirements.

2.02 FABRICATION

A. Formwork - General: Fabricate forms in accordance with approved Shop

Drawings. Maintain forms clean, smooth, and free from imperfections and distortion.
Fabricate forms for architectural concrete in accordance with applicable
requirements of ACI 301.

B. Joints:
1. Arrange form panels in symmetrical patterns conforming to
general lines of the structure.
2. Unless otherwise indicated, orient panels on vertical surfaces with
long dimension horizontal, and make horizontal joints level and
continuous.
3. Align form panels on each side of the panel joint with fasteners
common to both panels, and in a manner which will result in a
continuous, unbroken concrete plane surface.
C. Steel Forms: Use material which is clean, smooth, and free from wraps,
bends, kinks, rust, cracks, and matter which may stain concrete. Fabricate panels in
accordance with approved Shop Drawings. Deflection between form supports from
concrete placement shall not exceed 1/240 of the span length.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 LAYOUT OF FORMWORK

A. Locate and stake out all forms and establish all lines, levels, and
elevations.

3.02 CONSTRUCTION

A. Formwork:

1. Construct formwork in accordance with the approved Shop Drawings, and

in a manner that will produce finished concrete surfaces conforming to
indicated design and within specified tolerances. Formwork for concrete
not exposed to view in the finished work may be constructed of any
material that will adequately support the weight of the concrete.
2. Make joints and seams mortar-tight. Install leakage control materials in
accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions, and in a
manner that will maintain a smooth continuity of plane between abutting
form panels and which will resist displacement by concreting operations.
3. Kerf wood inserts for forming keyways, reglets, and recesses in a manner
that will prevent swelling and ensure ease of removal.
4. Maintain forms clean and free from indentations and warpage. Do not use
rust-stained steel surfaces for forms in contact with concrete. Do not
sandblast steel form surfaces to remove rust or mill scale; remove these
imperfections by grinding.
 5. Brace temporary closures to prevent warpage or displacement and set
tightly against forms in a manner that will prevent loss of concrete mortar.
6. Support joints with extra studs or girts, and in a manner that will ensure
true, square intersections.
7. Assemble forms in a manner that will facilitate their removal without
damage to the concrete.
8. Construct molding shapes, recesses, and projections with smooth finish
materials and install in forms with sealed joints.
9. Provide camber in formwork as required to compensate for deflections
caused by weight and pressures of fresh concrete and construction loads
and as otherwise indicated. Provide camber strips to compensate for
deflections due to permanent loads and long term deflections due to
shrinkage and creep as required.
10. Provide construction openings in forms where required for concrete pour
pockets, vibrator access holes, and inspection openings to aid in proper
placement and consolidation of concrete, and close up openings during
placement of concrete as applicable.
11. Provide inspection and cleanout openings in forms at bottom of walls and
columns and elsewhere as required. Do not close cleanouts until
inspected and accepted by the Engineer just before placing concrete.
12. Drill air escape holes in bottom members of blockouts.
13. Ensure that formed stair risers within a stair run are equal.

B. Edge Forms and Screeds for Slabs: Set edge forms or bulkheads and
intermediate screeds for slabs to obtain required elevations and contours in the
finished slab surface. Support screeds substantially without penetrating waterproof
membranes and vapor barriers.

C. Corner Treatment: Form chamfers with 3/4 inch on each leg, unless
otherwise indicated, and accurately shape and surface in a manner which will
produce uniformly straight lines and edge joints and which will prevent mortar runs.
Extend terminal edges to limits, and miter chamfer strips at changes in direction.

D. Construction Joints:
1. Locate joints as indicated. Support forms for joints in concrete so as to
rigidly maintain their positions during placement, vibration, and curing of
concrete. Install keys in all joints.
2. Locate and install construction joints, for which locations are not
indicated, so as not to impair strength and appearance of the structure,
and indicate such joints on Shop Drawings. Locations of construction
joints require approval of the Engineer.
3. Position joints perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of pier, beam, or slab
as the case may be.
4. Locate joints in walls, vertically as indicated; at top of footing; at top of
slabs on grade; at bottom of door openings; and at underside of the
deepest beam or girder framing into wall; or as required to conform to
indicated details.
5. Provide keyways as indicated in construction joints in walls and slabs,
and between walls and footings unless otherwise indicated. Place
construction joints perpendicular to the main reinforcement. Continue
reinforcement across construction joints.
 E. Load Supports: Loads for construction of roof slab and suspended floor
slabs shall be carried down to on-grade base slabs. These loads shall not be
carried by intermediate slabs at any time. Formwork loads shall be carried only by
structural elements that are supported directly by footings.

3.03 EMBEDDED ITEMS AND OPENINGS IN CONCRETE

A. Install conduit, pipe sleeves, waterstops, appliance boxes, frames for

items recessed in walls, door frames, drains, metal ties, inserts, nailing strips,
blocking, grounds, and other fastening devices required for anchorage or
attachment of other work. Firmly secure products in position, located accurately as
indicated, before beginning concrete placement.

B. Provide openings in concrete for passage of ducts, and provide

clearances therefore as indicated on approved Shop Drawings.

C. Where masonry walls will be tied to concrete construction in future

construction, use dovetail anchor slots positioned for maximum flexibility for
masonry installation.

3.04 FORM RELEASE MATERIAL

A. Coat form contact surfaces with approved form release material before
reinforcement is placed. Do not allow excess form release material to accumulate
in the forms or to come into contact with surfaces that are required to be bonded to
fresh concrete such as concrete reinforcement and embedded items. Apply form
release material in compliance with manufacturer's application instructions.

B. Coat steel forms with non-staining, rust-preventive form release material

or otherwise protect against rusting.

C. Apply form release material to bolts and rods that are to be removed or
that are to be free to move.

3.05 REMOVAL OF FORMS

A. Remove forms by methods which will not injure, mar, gouge, or chip
concrete surfaces, overstress concrete members, or distort formwork. Use air
pressure or other approved methods. Do not pry against concrete. Cut off nails
flush. Leave surfaces clean and unblemished.
1. Where early form removal is not necessary and will not impact the
Contractor's schedule, leave forms in place at least 72 hours,
unless otherwise approved by the Engineer.

B. When repair of surface defects or finishing is required at an early age,

forms may be removed as soon as the concrete has hardened sufficiently to resist
damage from removal operations and its own weight.
1. Concrete work that is damaged by removal operations shall be
repaired as specified in Section 03 35 00 - Concrete Finishing.
Where exposed surfaces are damaged beyond acceptable
 repairing measures, the damaged concrete shall be removed and
replaced with new concrete.

C. Top forms on sloping surfaces of concrete may be removed as soon as

the concrete has attained sufficient stiffness to prevent sagging. Any needed
repairs or treatment required on such sloping surfaces shall be performed at once
and shall be followed by the specified curing.

D. Wood forms for wall openings shall be loosened as soon as this can be
accomplished without damage to the concrete.

E. Formwork for columns, walls, sides of beams, and other parts not
supporting the weight of the concrete may be removed as soon as the concrete
has hardened sufficiently so as not to be damaged by removal operations.
F. Forms and shoring in the formwork used to support the weight of concrete in
beams, suspended slabs, girders, and other structural members shall remain in
place until the concrete has reached adequate strength and stiffness to support
itself. Forms shall not be removed before the concrete has reached a minimum of
70 percent of the indicated design compressive strength, unless otherwise
approved in writing by the Engineer.

G. When shores and other vertical supports are so arranged that the
non-load-carrying form-facing material may be removed without loosening or
disturbing the shores and supports, the facing material may be removed at an
earlier age provided the concrete surfaces are not damaged by such earlier
removal.

H. Plan reshoring operations in a manner that will ensure that areas of new
construction will not be required to support their own weight. Reshoring shall be in
place before shoring is removed. During reshoring, do not permit live loads on new
construction. Do not locate reshores in a manner and location that will overstress
members or induce tensile stresses where reinforcing bars have not been
provided.

I. When removal of formwork or reshoring is based on the concrete

reaching a specified strength, the concrete shall be presumed to have reached this
strength when test cylinders, field cured along with the concrete they represent,
have reached the strength specified for removal of formwork or reshoring. Except
for the field curing and age at test, the cylinders shall be molded and tested as
specified in Section 03 05 15 - Portland Cement Concrete.

3.06 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Before placing concrete, check lines and grades of erected formwork and
positioning of embedded inserts, blockouts, and joints for correctness. Verify that
embedded piping and conduits are free from obstructions. Make corrections or
adjustments to ensure proper size and location of concrete members and stability
of forming systems.
 B. While placing concrete, provide quality control to assure that formwork and
related supports have not been displaced, that loss of cement paste through joints
is prevented, and that completed work will be within specified tolerances.
C. During form removal, verify that architectural features meet the form and texture
requirements of the samples approved by the Engineer.

3.07 DETECTION OF MOVEMENT

A. Check movement using methods, such as plumb lines, tell tales, and survey
equipment, to detect movement of formwork during concrete placement.

3.08 RE-USE OF FORMS

A. Clean and repair surfaces of forms to be reused in the work. Split, frayed,
delaminated, or otherwise damaged form facing material will not be acceptable.
Remove such material from the site. Apply form release coating as specified for
new formwork.

B. Align and secure joints in a manner that will preclude offsets. Do not use
patched forms for exposed concrete surfaces.

END OF SECTION
 Section 03 20 00
Concrete Reinforcement
PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 SECTION INCLUDES

A. Steel reinforcement for concrete in any part of the Works but excluding
prestressing tendons or any other embedded steel.

1.02 RELATED SECTIONS

A. Section 01 33 00 Submittal Procedures.

B. Section 01 40 00 Quality Requirements.
D. Section 03 10 00 Concrete Formwork.
E. Section 03 25 00 Concrete Accessories.
F. Section 03 30 00 Cast In Place Concrete.
G. Structural Precast Concrete

1.04 SUBMITTALS FOR REVIEW

A. Comply with Section 01330.

B. Submit for Engineer’s review all items described in this specification section.

C. Submit manufacturer’s certificate, certifying that the products meet or exceed

specified requirements.

1.05 HANDLING AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS

A. Comply with Section 01600.

B. Handle epoxy coated bars with the systems having padded contact area.

C. Use padded bundling bands or use suitable banding (use nylon rope instead of
wire rope), to prevent damage to the coating.

D. Lift all the bundles of coated bars with a strong back, spreader bar, multiple
supports or via platform bridge to prevent bar-to-bar abrasion from sags in the
bundles of coated bars.

E. Do not drop or drag bars or bundles.

F. Store reinforcement of all types on site in padded racks above ground in an

approved manner so as to avoid damage to coatings.

G. Provide reinforcement free from loose scale, rust, oil, grease or any other
material that may impair the bond between the concrete and the reinforcement.
Remove from site any reinforcement which has damaged the coating or pitted to
an extent which, in the opinion of the Engineer, will affect its properties.
 H. Store mild steel reinforcement separately from high yield reinforcement.

1.06 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND TESTS

A. Comply with Section 01400.

B. Perform work in accordance with CRSI 63, 65 of ACI 301, ACI SP-66, ACI 318,
ASTM A 184 and ASTM A 775.

C. Provide Engineers with access to fabrication plants to facilitate inspection of

reinforcement. Provide notification of commencement and duration of shop
fabrication in sufficient time to allow inspection.

D. The manufacturer's test certificate for ultimate strength, elongation and cold
bending together with the chemical analysis of the steel may be called for by the
Engineer for any consignment of reinforcing steel direct from the manufacturer.
Where steel is obtained from an indirect supplier, the Engineer may require tests
in an approved laboratory to prove compliance with the appropriate American
Standards.

E. The frequency of testing shall be as set out in the American Standards. Carry out
additional tests as instructed by the Engineer.

F. Any reinforcement which does not comply with the Specification is removed
immediately from site.

PART 2 SPECIFICATIONS

2.01 REINFORCEMENT

A. Bars for reinforcement shall be:- 1.

1. Hot rolled mild steel bars to ASTM A 615.
2. Hot rolled high yield deformed bars to ASTM A 615.
3. Steel fabric to ASTM A 185 plain type, ASTM A 497 welded deformed
type, ASTM A 497 deformed type.
4. Reinforcing steel bars, welded wire fabric, and prefabricated reinforcing
bars shall be epoxy-coated to ASTM A 775, ASTM A 884 and ASTM A
934.

B. Deformed bars shall be as defined in ASTM A 615.

2.02 TYING DEVICES

A. Tying devices shall be:

1. Black annealed mild steel wire of 1.6 mm diameter.
2. Approved rustproof binding wire, or
3. Approved proprietary ties.
4.
 2.03 SPACER BLOCKS, CHAIRS, BOLSTERS, BAR SUPPORTS

A. Use spacer blocks, chairs, bolsters, bar supports for ensuring that the correct
cover is maintained to the reinforcement.

B. Provide blocks, chairs, bar supports and bolsters of such materials and design as
will be durable and not lead to corrosion of the reinforcement such as plastic and
plastic coated steel, or current blocks. These are sized and shaped for strength
and support of reinforcement during concrete placement conditions.

C. Use spacer blocks made from cement, sand and small aggregate not exceeding
50 mm square in section and secure with wire to the reinforcement to ensure that
they are not displaced when the concrete is poured. Make these of similar mix
proportions and strength as the adjacent concrete.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 CUTTING AND BENDING

A. Bend reinforcement to the dimensions given in the bar schedules in accordance

with latest editions of ASTM A 184, ACI 318 CRSI 63 and CRSI 65 unless
otherwise stated.

B. Do not heat reinforcement before bending.

C. Do not straighten or re-bend cold worked bars and hot rolled high yield bars once
having been bent. Where it is necessary to bend mild steel reinforcement already
cast in the concrete, the internal radius of bend shall not be less than twice the
diameter of the bar.

D. After bending, securely tie bars together in bundles or groups and legibly labelled
as set out in CRSI 63 and CRSI 65.

3.02 SPLICING AND WELDING

A. Locate reinforcing splices at point of minimum stress. Review and take instruction
for location of splices with an Engineer.

B. Do not weld or splice reinforcement except where required by the Contract or

agreed by the Engineer. When welding is employed follow the procedures shall
be as set out in AWS D 1.4. Submit details of all welding techniques to be used
and such trials made as are required to demonstrate the effect of the welding.

3.03 CLEANING OF REINFORCEMENT

A. Clean reinforcement free of all loose mill scale, rust, oil, grease, concrete or other
harmful matter at the time of concreting.

3.04 PLACEMENT AND FIXING OF REINFORCEMENT

 A. Accurately place all reinforcement with the correct cover and fix securely in the
positions as shown on the drawings. Give reasonable notice of the intention to
pour to the Engineer and that the reinforcement fixing is complete.

B. At intersections bind together the reinforcement bars together with tying wire
such that loose ends of the wire shall be turned towards the inside of the
member.

C. Supply and fix all chairs required to support the top mat of slab reinforcement or
space the mats of all reinforcement adequately. In particular slab chairs must be
close enough to prevent the reinforcement being bent or sagging.

D. Provide the actual concrete cover not less than the required nominal cover minus
5 mm. No metal part of any device used for connecting bars or for maintaining
reinforcement in the correct position shall remain within the specified minimum
cover. Provide adequate mortar or plastic spacers to ensure the correct cover is
achieved. The use of spacer blocks will not generally be permitted against a
concrete face which is to be permanently exposed in the finished works.

3.05 PROJECTING REINFORCEMENT

A. Protect projecting reinforcement without affecting its bond properties ensure that
it does not cause rust staining to any part of the Works.

END OF SECTION
 Section 03 30 00
Cast-in-Place Concrete
PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE. This section covers cast-in-place concrete, complete.

1.2 DELIVERY AND STORAGE

a. CEMENT. Cement shall be stored immediately upon receipt at the site of the
work in a suitable weatherproof and airtight structure and elevated above the
ground to prevent the absorption of moisture. Bags shall be stacked close
together to reduce circulation of air, but shall not be stacked against outside
walls. The manner of storage shall permit easy access for inspection and
identification of each shipment. Bulk cement shall be transferred to elevated
airtight and waterproof bins. At the time of use, all cement must be free flowing,
and free of lumps. Cement that has been in storage for longer than 6 months will
be tested by standard mortar tests or other tests deemed necessary by the
Construction Architect or Engineer to determine its suitability for use.

b. AGGREGATES. Aggregates shall be stored in areas covered with tightly laid

wood planks, sheet metal or other hard and clean surface, and in a manner that
will preclude the inclusion of foreign materials. Aggregates of different sizes shall
be stored in separate piles.

c. REINFORCEMENT. Reinforcement shall be stored in such a manner that will

prevent excessive rusting or coating with grease, oil, dirt, and other objectionable
materials. Storage shall be in separate piles or racks to avoid confusion and loss
of identification after bundles have been broken.

PART 2 SPECIFICATIONS

2.1 CEMENT Portland cement shall conform to PNS 07, type 1. Cement for exposed
concrete surfaces shall be from the same mill.

2.2 REINFORCEMENT. All reinforcing steel bars, except No. 2, shall be deformed. The
manufacturer shall submit certification of compliance to this specification prior to the
delivery of these materials.

2.3 FINE AGGREGATES. Fine aggregates shall be clean, hard, natural sand or
manufactured sand, or a combination of both.

2.4 COARSE AGGREGATES. Coarse aggregates shall be hard, durable, uncoated

gravel, crushed gravel, or a combination thereof.

2.5 WATER. Mixing water for concrete shall be fresh, clean, and potable.

2.6 CURING MATERIALS. Materials shall conform to one of the following unless
otherwise designated:

a. Polyethylene sheeting for curing, 6 mils minimum thickness, clear.

 b. Waterproof Kraft paper or polyethylene-coated waterproof paper for concrete
curing shall be of commercial quality.

c. Burlap, plain or polyethylene-coated burlap shall be of commercial quality.

2.7 EXPANSION JOINT’S FILLER shall be elastomeric pre-molded type.

2.8 SEALING MATERIALS for expansion joints shall be single component urethane or
acrylic type sealant.

2.9 FORMS COATING shall be non-staining type mineral oil.

2.10 VAPOR BARRIER shall be a polyethylene sheet, 6 mils minimum thickness, clear,
conforming to commercial standard CS-238.

2.11 WATER - STOP shall be rubber, neoprene or PVC.

2.12 PODS shall be plastic or EPS.

PART 3.0 EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Do not begin installation until substrates have been properly prepared and
are suitable for application of product.

B. If substrate preparation is the responsibility of another installer, notify the

Architect of unsatisfactory preparation before proceeding.

3.2 PREPARATION

A. Apply in accordance with the manufacturer’s printed instructions.

B. The soil onto which the concrete slab is to be placed should be compact
and well drained.

C. Start by marking and lay-outing the pile cap location. Checking the level,
axis/ grid lines, and dimensions and ensures that works are carried out in
accordance to instructions.

D. The formwork and the accessories for both the forming operations and for
the placing, compacting, finishing, and curing of the concrete should be on-site.

E. Reinforcing steel bars should also be on-site and stored in a clean, dry
place prior to installation.

F. Any specified vapor barrier and insulation materials must be available at

the time of installation of the slab.

G. Apply temporary protective covering to lower 2 feet of finished walls or

other items adjacent to slabs.
3.3 INSTALLATION

A.Formworks

1. Surfaces which Contact Concrete: Coated with form coating for

easy release. Keep coating material off reinforcing steel and other
embedded work. Apply coatings in accordance with manufacturer's
instructions.

2. Forms for Concrete, which will be Exposed in the Final Work: Tight
joints and smooth faces, and with no dents, bumps, and irregular joints,
which will produce corresponding irregularities in concrete surfaces.

3. Openings, as necessary, for clean-up.

B.Reinforcement Bars
1. Clean and free from paint, oil, grease, form coating, mortar, dirt,
mill scale, rust, or ice.

2. Accurately placed to dimensions shown on Drawings; secured in

place by bar supports, spacers, chairs,
wiring and nails.

3. Minimum concrete cover over reinforcing steel shall be as follows:

3.1. Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth:
3 inches.
3.2. Concrete exposed to earth or weather: 2 inches.
3.3. Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground:
3/4 inch.
4. Splice Lengths for Bars: Splice length shall be determined per ACI
318. Splice lengths for welded wire fabric shall be one full mesh plus 2
inches, 6 inches minimum. Offset laps to prevent continuous laps in
either direction.

5. No concrete shall be placed until steel has been observed by the

Inspector.

6. Embedded appurtenances shall be tied to reinforcement as

directed by the Inspector. In no case shall embedded appurtenances be
tied to reinforcement bars along the length of the reinforcement bar.

C. Placing Concrete

1. Place as soon as practicable after mixing. No concrete which has

commenced to set, nor any retempered concrete shall be used. Deposit
so no separation or segregation on ingredients occurs. Place near to final
location to avoid rehandling or flowing. Height of concrete free fall shall be
limited to 4 feet. Vertical rate of placement shall not exceed design
strength of concrete forms.
 2. Consolidate placed concrete by mechanical vibrating equipment
supplemented by hand-spading, rodding, or tamping. Use equipment and
procedures for consolidation of concrete in accordance with ACI 309.

3. Methods of conveying and consolidating concrete shall not cause

excessive slump or entrained-air losses. Vibrators to transport concrete
within forms shall not be allowed.

4. Insert and withdraw vibrators vertically at uniformly spaced

locations not farther than visible effectiveness of the machine. Place
vibrators to rapidly penetrate the placed layer and 6 inches into the
preceding layer. Do not insert vibrators into lower layers of concrete that
have begun to set. Limit duration of vibration to time necessary to
consolidate concrete and complete embedment of reinforcement and
other embedded items without causing segregation of mix.

5. Bring slab surfaces to correct level with straight edge and strike
off. Uniformly slope surfaces to drain.

6. Immediately after screeding, consolidate and level concrete slabs

using aluminum or magnesium alloy bull floats or darbies. Do not disturb
slab surfaces prior to beginning finishing operations.

7. Topping: Apply bond compound in areas to receive floor topping in

accordance with manufacturer's directions. Place topping mix as for slabs
and screed.

3.4 UNFORMED CONCRETE FINISHES

1. Slabs shall receive a troweled finish. After the slab has set so no
water sheen is apparent, the surface shall be further floated and troweled
to smooth, hard finish, free from waves, air holes, sand spots, and trowel
marks. Small amount of cement mortar (1:2) may be added to the surface
to produce the required finish. Apply hardener to all interior slabs.

2. Apply non-slip broom finish to exterior concrete platforms, steps,

ramps, manhole bases and inverts, and elsewhere indicated. Direction of
final floating or brooming shall be at right angles to traffic.

END OF SECTION
 Section 03 39 00
Concrete Curing
PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SECTION INCLUDES

A. Single application cure-seal-hardener for new concrete floors.

B. Single application sealer-hardener for existing concrete floors.

C. Precautions for avoiding staining concrete before and after application.

1.2 RELATED SECTIONS

A. Section 03 30 00 - Cast-in-Place Concrete.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. Submit under provisions of Section 01 30 00.

B. Material requirements for concrete to which cure-seal-hardener is to be

applied including cement type, water-cement ratio, type of trowel finish, limitations on
admixtures, pigments, bonding agents, and bond breakers, etc.

C. Product Data: Manufacturer's data sheets, including product

specifications, test data, preparation instructions and recommendations, storage
and handling requirements and recommendations, and installation methods.

D. Maintenance instructions, including precautions for avoiding staining after

application.

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Installer Qualifications: Applicator experienced with installation of product

and certified by manufacturer, or applicant experienced with similar products and
providing manufacturer's field technician on site to advise on application procedures;
and providing adequate number of skilled workers trained and familiar with
application requirements.

1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Deliver product in factory numbered and sealed drums, with numbers

recorded for Owner's records.

B. Store products in manufacturer's unopened drums until ready for

installation.
 1.6 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. No satisfactory procedures are available to remove petroleum or rust

stains from concrete. Prevention is therefore essential. Take precautions to prevent
staining of concrete prior to application of cure-seal-hardener and for minimum of
three months after application:
1. Prohibit parking of vehicles on concrete slab.
2. If vehicles must be temporarily parked on slab, place drop cloths
under vehicles during entire time parked.
3. If construction equipment must be used for application, diaper all
components that might drip oil, hydraulic fluid, or other liquids.
4. Prohibit pipe cutting using pipe cutting machinery on concrete
slab.
5. Prohibit temporary placement and storage of steel members on
concrete slab.

B. Do not install products under environmental conditions outside

manufacturer's absolute limits.

C. Do not use frozen material; thaw and agitate prior to use.

1.7 WARRANTY

A. Provide the manufacturer's warranty that a structurally sound concrete

surface prepared and treated according to the manufacturer's directions will remain
permanently dustproof, hardened and water repellent. If after the specified sealing
period the treated surface does not remain dustproof, hardened and water repellent,
provide, at manufacturer's expense, sufficient material to reseal defective areas.

PART 2 SPECIFICATIONS

2.1 MANUFACTURERS

A. Acceptable Manufacturer: Ashford Formula, By Curecrete, which is located at:

1203 Spring Creek Pl.; Springville, UT 84663;
B. Substitutions: Not permitted.
C. Requests for substitutions will be considered in accordance with provisions of
Section 01 60 00.

2.2 MATERIALS

A. Cure-Seal-Hardener: Ashford Formula; water-based chemically-reactive

penetrating sealer and hardener, that seals by densifying concrete so that water
molecules cannot pass through but air and water vapor can, while allowing concrete
to achieve full compressive strength, minimizing surface crazing, and eliminating
dusting.

1. Colorless, transparent, odorless, non-toxic, non-flammable.

2. Containing no solvents or volatile organic compounds.
3. USDA approved for food handling facilities.
 4. Allowing traffic on floors within 2 to 3 hours, with the chemical
process complete within 3 months.
5. No change to surface appearance except a sheen developed due
to traffic and cleaning.

B. Water: Clean, potable.

PART 3.0 EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Do not begin installation until substrates have been properly prepared and
are suitable for application of product.

B. If substrate preparation is the responsibility of another installer, notify the

Architect of unsatisfactory preparation before proceeding.

3.2 PREPARATION

A. Clean surfaces thoroughly prior to installation.

B. Prepare surfaces using the methods recommended by the manufacturer

for achieving the best result for the substrate under the project conditions.

3.3 INSTALLATION

A. Install in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.

B. If this is the applicator's first project using this product, provide the
manufacturer's technical representative on-site to familiarize installers with proper
procedures.

C. Prevent damage to and soiling of adjacent work.

D. New Concrete: Apply cure-seal-hardener to new concrete as soon as the

concrete is firm enough to work on after troweling, except on colored concrete wait
minimum of 30 days.

1. Spray on at a rate of 200 square feet per gallon (4.8 sq m/L).

2. Keep surfaces wet with cure-seal-hardener for a minimum soak-in
period of 30 minutes, without allowing drying out or becoming
slippery. In hot weather slipperiness may appear before the 30
minute time period has elapsed. If that occurs, apply more
cure-seal-hardener as required to keep the entire surface in a
non-slippery state for the first 15 minutes. For the remaining 15
minutes, mist the surface as needed with water to keep the
material in a non-slippery state.
3. After this period, the treated surface becomes slippery and lightly
mist with water until slipperiness disappears.
 4. Wait for the surface to become slippery again and then flush the
entire surface with water removing all residue of
cure-seal-hardener.
5. Squeegee surface completely dry, flushing any remaining slippery
areas until no residue remains.
6. Wet vacuum or scrubbing machines may be used to remove
residue, provided manufacturer's instructions are followed.

E. Existing Concrete: Apply cure-seal-hardener only to clean bare concrete.

1. Thoroughly remove previous treatments, laitance, oil, and other

contaminants.
2. Saturate surface with cure-seal-hardener; respray or broom
excess onto dry spots.
3. Keep the surface wet with cure-seal-hardener for a minimum
soak-in period of 30 to 40 minutes.
4. If, after the 30 minute soak-in period, most of the material has
been absorbed, remove all excess material using broom or
squeegee, especially from low spots.
5. If, after the 30 minute soak-in period, most of the material remains
on the surface, wait until it becomes slippery and then flush the
entire surface with water removing all residue of
cure-seal-hardener and squeegee completely dry, flushing any
remaining slippery areas until no residue remains.
6. If water is not available, remove residue using squeegee.

END OF SECTION
DETAILS (DRAWINGS)