VGZ AC233

ESR-4645
BIT INCLUDED ETA-11/0030

FULL THREADED SCREW WITH

CYLINDRICAL HEAD

TENSION
Deep thread and high resistance steel (fy,k = 1000 N/mm2) for excellent
tensile performance. Very broad range of measurements.

STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS
Approved for structural applications subject to stresses in any direction
vs. the grain (α = 0° - 90°). Reduced minimum distances.

CYLINDRICAL HEAD
Ideal for concealed joints, timber couplings and structural reinforce-
ments. Guarantees fire protection and earthquake suitability. Cyclical
SEISMIC-REV tests according to EN 12512.

CHROMIUM (VI) FREE

Total absence of hexavalent chromium. Compliance with the strictest
regulations governing chemical substances (SVHC).
REACH information available.

CHARACTERISTICS
FOCUS 45° connections, reinforcements and couplings
HEAD cylindrical, countersunk
DIAMETER 5,3 | 5,6 | 7,0 | 9,0 | 11,0 mm
LENGTH from 80 to 600 mm

MATERIAL
Galvanized carbon steel.

FIELDS OF USE
• timber based panels
• solid timber
• glulam (Glued Laminated Timber)
• CLT, LVL
• high density woods
Service classes 1 and 2.

138 | VGZ | STRUCTURES

STRUCTURAL RESTORATION
Ideal for coupling beams in structural renova-
tions and new works. Can also be used parallel
to the grain thanks to the special approval.

CLT, LVL
Values also tested, certified and calculat-
ed for CLT and high density woods such as
Microllam® LVL.

STRUCTURES | VGZ | 139

Very high stiffness in side-by-side joining of CLT floors. Reinforcement orthogonal to grain for hanging
Application with double inclination at 45°, perfect for building load due to joining of main-secondary beams.
using the JIG VGZ template.

GEOMETRY AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS

X
Z

dK d2 d1
G

X
V

b
L

Nominal diameter d1 [mm] 5,3 5,6 7 9 11

Head diameter dK [mm] 8,00 8,00 9,50 11,50 13,50
Tip diameter d2 [mm] 3,60 3,80 4,60 5,90 6,60
Pre-drilling hole diameter(1) dV [mm] 3,5 3,5 4,0 5,0 6,0
Characteristic yield
My,k [Nm] 9,2 10,6 14,2 27,2 45,9
moment
Characteristic
fax,k [N/mm2] 11,7 11,7 11,7 11,7 11,7
withdrawal-resistance parameter(2)
Associated density ρa [kg/m3] 350 350 350 350 350
Characteristic
fax,k [N/mm2] 15,0 15,0 15,0 15,0 15,0
withdrawal-resistance parameter(3)
Associated density ρa [kg/m3] 500 500 500 500 500
Characteristic tensile
ftens,k [kN] 11,0 12,3 15,4 25,4 38,0
strength
Characteristic yield strength fy,k [N/mm2] 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
(1) Pre-drilling valid for softwood.
(2) Valid for softwood - maximum density 440 kg/m3.
(3) Valid for softwood LVL - maximum density 550 kg/m3 .
For applications with different materials or with high density please see ETA-11/0030.

140 | VGZ | STRUCTURES

CODES AND DIMENSIONS

d1 CODE L b pcs d1 CODE L b pcs

[mm] [in] [mm] [in] [mm] [mm] [in] [mm] [in] [mm]
VGZ580 80 3 1/8 70 50 VGZ9160 160 6 1/4 150 25
5,3
0.21 VGZ5100 100 4 90 50 VGZ9180 180 7 1/8 170 25
TX 25
VGZ5120 120 4 3/4 110 50 VGZ9200 200 8 190 25
5,6 VGZ5140 140 5 1/2 130 50 VGZ9220 220 8 5/8 210 25
0.23
TX 25 VGZ5160 160 6 1/4 150 50 VGZ9240 240 9 1/2 230 25
VGZ780 80 3 1/8 70 25 VGZ9260 260 10 1/4 250 25
VGZ7100 100 4 90 25 VGZ9280 280 11 270 25
VGZ7120 120 4 3/4 110 25 9 VGZ9300 300 11 3/4 290 25
0.36
VGZ7140 140 5 1/2 130 25 TX 40 VGZ9320 320 12 5/8 310 25
VGZ7160 160 6 1/4 150 25 VGZ9340 340 13 3/8 330 25
VGZ7180 180 7 1/8 170 25 VGZ9360 360 14 1/4 350 25
7 VGZ7200 200 8 190 25 VGZ9380 380 15 370 25
0.28
TX 30 VGZ7220 220 8 5/8 210 25 VGZ9400 400 15 3/4 390 25
VGZ7240 240 9 1/2 230 25 VGZ9440 440 17 1/4 430 25
VGZ7260 260 10 1/4 250 25 VGZ9480 480 19 470 25
VGZ7280 280 11 270 25 VGZ9520 520 20 1/2 510 25
VGZ7300 300 11 3/4 290 25 VGZ11250 250 10 240 25
VGZ7340 340 13 3/8 330 25 VGZ11300 300 11 3/4 290 25
VGZ7380 380 15 370 25 VGZ11350 350 13 3/4 340 25
11 VGZ11400 400 15 3/4 390 25
0.44
TX 50 VGZ11450 450 17 3/4 440 25
VGZ11500 500 19 3/4 490 25
VGZ11550 550 21 5/8 540 25
VGZ11600 600 23 5/8 590 25

JIG VGZ 45° TEMPLATE

CODE description pcs

JIGVGZ45 steel template for VGZ screws at 45° 1

Further information on page 367.

JIG VGZ 45° TEMPLATE

Installation at 45° using the JIG VGZ steel
template.

STRUCTURES | VGZ | 141

EFFECTIVE THREAD USED IN CALCULATION
b = L - 10 mm represents the entire length of the
10 Sg Tol. Sg 10 threaded part

S g = (L - 10 mm - 10 mm - Tol.)/ 2 represents the partial length of

the threaded part net of a laying
b
tolerance (Tol.) of 10 mm
L
The timber to timber withdrawal, shear and sliding values were calculated considering the centre
of gravity of the connector placed in correspondence with the shear plane.

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR SHEAR LOADS (1)

Load-to-grain angle α = 0° Load-to-grain angle α = 90°

SCREWS INSERTED WITH PRE-DRILLING HOLE SCREWS INSERTED WITH PRE-DRILLING HOLE
d1 [mm] 5,3 5,6 7 9 11 5,3 5,6 7 9 11
a1 [mm] 5∙d 27 28 35 45 55 4∙d 21 22 28 36 44
a2 [mm] 3∙d 16 17 21 27 33 4∙d 21 22 28 36 44
a3,t [mm] 12∙d 64 67 84 108 132 7∙d 37 39 49 63 77
a3,c [mm] 7∙d 37 39 49 63 77 7∙d 37 39 49 63 77
a4,t [mm] 3∙d 16 17 21 27 33 7∙d 37 39 49 63 77
a4,c [mm] 3∙d 16 17 21 27 33 3∙d 16 17 21 27 33

SCREWS INSERTED WITHOUT PRE-DRILLING HOLE SCREWS INSERTED WITHOUT PRE-DRILLING HOLE
d1 [mm] 5,3 5,6 7 9 11 5,3 5,6 7 9 11
a1 [mm] 12∙d 64 67 84 108 132 5∙d 27 28 35 45 55
a2 [mm] 5∙d 27 28 35 45 55 5∙d 27 28 35 45 55
a3,t [mm] 15∙d 80 84 105 135 165 10∙d 53 56 70 90 110
a3,c [mm] 10∙d 53 56 70 90 110 10∙d 53 56 70 90 110
a4,t [mm] 5∙d 27 28 35 45 55 10∙d 53 56 70 90 110
a4,c [mm] 5∙d 27 28 35 45 55 5∙d 27 28 35 45 55
d = nominal screw diameter

stressed end unloaded end stressed edge unload edge

-90° < α < 90° 90° < α < 270° 0° < α < 180° 180° < α < 360°

a2 α F
F
a2 α α a4,t a4,c
F α
F
a1 a1 a3,t a3,c

NOTES:
(1) The minimum distances are in accordance with EN 1995:2014 considering a • The minimum spacing for all panel-to-timber connections(a1 , a2) can be
timber characteristic density of ρk ≤ 420 kg/m3. multiplied by a coefficient of 0,85.
• The minimum spacing for all steel-to-timber connections (a1 , a2) can be
multiplied by a coefficient of 0,7.

142 | VGZ | STRUCTURES

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR AXIAL STRESSES (2)

SCREWS INSERTED WITH AND WITHOUT PRE-DRILLING HOLE

d1 [mm] 5,3 5,6 7 9 11
a1 [mm] 5∙d 27 28 35 45 55
a2 [mm] 5∙d 27 28 35 45 55
a2,LIM (3) [mm] 2.5∙d 13 14 18 23 28
a1,CG (4) [mm] 10∙d 53 56 70 90 110
a2,CG (5) [mm] 4∙d 21 22 28 36 44
aCROSS [mm] 1.5∙d 8 8 11 14 17

SCREWS UNDER TENSION INSERTED WITH AN ANGLE α WITH RESPECT TO THE GRAIN

a2,CG
a2,CG a1,CG

a2,CG a2,CG
a1 a2 a2,CG a2
a2,CG a2,CG

a
1
a1,CG
a1,CG
a2,CG a1,CG

plan front plan front

SCREWS INSERTED WITH α = 90° ANGLE WITH RESPECT CROSSED SCREWS INSERTED WITH AN ANGLE α WITH RESPECT
TO THE GRAIN TO THE GRAIN

a2,CG
45°
a2

a2,CG a2,CG
aCROSS
a1,CG a1 a2,CG

a1,CG a1

plan front plan front

NOTES:
(2) The minimum distances for connectors stressed axially are independent of (5) For main beam-secondary beam joints with VGZ screws d = 7 mm inclined
the insertion angle of the connector and the angle of the force with respect or crossed, inserted at an angle of 45° to the secondary beam head, with a
to the grain, in accordance with ETA-11/0030. minimum secondary beam height of 18 d, the minimum distance a2 CG can
(3) The axial distance a can be reduced down to 2,5 d if for each connector a be taken equal to 3∙d 1 .
2 1
“joint surface” a1∙a2 = 25∙d1 2 is maintained.
(4) For main beam-secondary beam joints with VGZ screws d = 7 mm inclined
or crossed, inserted at an angle of 45° to the secondary beam head, with a
minimum secondary beam height of 18 d, the minimum distance at 1,CG can
be taken equal to 8∙d1 .

STRUCTURES | VGZ | 143

STATIC VALUES CHARACTERISTIC VALUES
EN 1995:2014

TENSION(1)

geometry total thread withdrawal(2) partial thread withdrawal(2) steel tension

estrazione
estrazione
filetto
filetto
parziale
parziale

Sg A

L
A

Sg A

d1

timber timber steel

d1 L b A min Rax,k Sg A min Rax,k Rtens,k
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [kN] [mm] [mm] [kN] [kN]
80 70 90 4,68 25 45 1,67
5,3 100 90 110 6,02 35 55 2,34 11,00
120 110 130 7,36 45 65 3,01
140 130 150 9,19 55 75 3,89
5,6 12,30
160 150 170 10,61 65 85 4,60
80 70 90 6,19 25 45 2,21
100 90 110 7,96 35 55 3,09
120 110 130 9,72 45 65 3,98
140 130 150 11,49 55 75 4,86
160 150 170 13,26 65 85 5,75
180 170 190 15,03 75 95 6,63
200 190 210 16,79 85 105 7,51
7 15,40
220 210 230 18,56 95 115 8,40
240 230 250 20,33 105 125 9,28
260 250 270 22,10 115 135 10,16
280 270 290 23,87 125 145 11,05
300 290 310 25,63 135 155 11,93
340 330 350 29,17 155 175 13,70
380 370 390 32,70 175 195 15,47
160 150 170 17,05 65 85 7,39
180 170 190 19,32 75 95 8,52
200 190 210 21,59 85 105 9,66
220 210 230 23,87 95 115 10,80
240 230 250 26,14 105 125 11,93
260 250 270 28,41 115 135 13,07
280 270 290 30,68 125 145 14,21

9 300 290 310 32,96 135 155 15,34

25,40
320 310 330 35,23 145 165 16,48
340 330 350 37,50 155 175 17,61
360 350 370 39,78 165 185 18,75
380 370 390 42,05 175 195 19,89
400 390 410 44,32 185 205 21,02
440 430 450 48,87 205 225 23,30
480 470 490 53,41 225 245 25,57
520 510 530 57,96 245 265 27,84

144 | VGZ | STRUCTURES

STATIC VALUES CHARACTERISTIC VALUES
EN 1995:2014

TENSION(1)

geometry total thread withdrawal(2) partial thread withdrawal(2) steel tension

estrazione
estrazione
filetto
filetto
parziale
parziale

Sg A

L
A

Sg A

d1

timber timber steel

d1 L b A min Rax,k Sg A min Rax,k Rtens,k
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [kN] [mm] [mm] [kN] [kN]
250 240 260 33,34 110 130 15,28
300 290 310 40,28 135 155 18,75
350 340 360 47,22 160 180 22,22
400 390 410 54,17 185 205 25,70
11 38,00
450 440 460 61,11 210 230 29,17
500 490 510 68,06 235 255 32,64
550 540 560 75,00 260 280 36,11
600 590 610 81,95 285 305 39,59

NOTES:
(1)  The connector design resistance is the lowest between the timber side de- (2) The axial resistance of the thread to withdrawal was calculated consider-
sign resistance (Rax,d) and the steel side resistance (Rtens,d). ing a 90° angle between the fibres and the connector and for a effective
thread length of b or Sg.
Rax,k kmod For intermediate values of Sg it is possible to linearly interpolate.

Rax,d = min γM
Rtens,k
γM2

STRUCTURES | VGZ | 145

STATIC VALUES CHARACTERISTIC VALUES
EN 1995:2014

SHEAR SLIDING

geometry timber-to-timber timber-to-timber(3)

Sg A A

S
g
45°
L

S
g
Sg B

d1

d1 L Sg A min RV,k A min Bmin RV,k

[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [kN] [mm] [mm] [kN]
80 25 40 1,66 30 50 1,18
5,3 100 35 50 2,09 40 55 1,66
120 45 60 2,32 45 60 2,13
140 55 70 2,69 50 70 2,75
5,6
160 65 80 2,87 60 75 3,25
80 25 40 2,16 30 50 1,56
100 35 50 2,68 40 55 2,19
120 45 60 3,15 45 60 2,81
140 55 70 3,37 55 70 3,44
160 65 80 3,59 60 75 4,06
180 75 90 3,81 65 85 4,69
200 85 100 4,03 75 90 5,31
7
220 95 110 4,25 80 100 5,94
240 105 120 4,30 90 105 6,56
260 115 130 4,30 95 110 7,19
280 125 140 4,30 100 120 7,81
300 135 150 4,30 110 125 8,44
340 155 170 4,30 125 140 9,69
380 175 190 4,30 140 155 10,89
160 65 80 5,10 60 75 5,22
180 75 90 5,38 70 85 6,03
200 85 100 5,67 75 90 6,83
220 95 110 5,95 80 100 7,63
240 105 120 6,23 90 105 8,44
260 115 130 6,50 95 110 9,24
280 125 140 6,50 105 120 10,04

9 300 135 150 6,50 110 125 10,85

320 145 160 6,50 115 135 11,65
340 155 170 6,50 125 140 12,46
360 165 180 6,50 130 145 13,26
380 175 190 6,50 140 155 14,06
400 185 200 6,50 145 160 14,87
440 205 220 6,50 160 175 16,47
480 225 240 6,50 175 190 17,96
520 245 260 6,50 190 205 17,96

146 | VGZ | STRUCTURES

STATIC VALUES CHARACTERISTIC VALUES
EN 1995:2014

SHEAR SLIDING

geometry timber-to-timber timber-to-timber(3)

Sg A A

S
g
45°
L

S
g
Sg B

d1

d1 L Sg A min RV,k A min Bmin RV,k

[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [kN] [mm] [mm] [kN]
250 110 125 8,35 95 110 10,80
300 135 150 9,06 115 125 13,26
350 160 175 9,06 130 145 15,71
400 185 200 9,06 150 160 18,17
11
450 210 225 9,06 165 180 20,63
500 235 250 9,06 185 195 23,08
550 260 275 9,06 200 215 25,54
600 285 300 9,06 220 230 26,87

NOTES: GENERAL PRINCIPLES:

(3) The axial resistance of the thread withdrawal was calculated considering a • Characteristic values comply with the EN 1995:2014 standard in accord-
45° angle between the fibres and the connector and for an effective thread ance with ETA-11/0030.
length of Sg. • Design values can be obtained from characteristic values as follows:
Rk kmod
Rd =
γM
The coefficients γM and kmod should be taken according to the current
regulations used for the calculation.
• For the mechanical resistance values and the geometry of the screws, ref-
erence was made to ETA-11/0030.
• For the calculation process a timber characteristic density ρk = 385 kg/m3
has been considered.
• Dimensioning and verification of the timber elements must be carried out
separately.
• The characteristic shear resistances are calculated for screws inserted with-
out pre-drilling hole. In the case of screws inserted with pre-drilling hole,
greater resistance values can be obtained.
• The withdrawal, shear and sliding values were calculated considering the cen-
tre of gravity of the connector placed in correspondence with the shear plane.

STRUCTURES | VGZ | 147

STATIC VALUES CHARACTERISTIC VALUES
EN 1995:2014

SHEAR CONNECTION WITH CROSSED CONNECTORS

RIGHT-ANGLE JOINT - MAIN BEAM/SECONDARY BEAM
d1 L S g HT(1) S g NT (1) BHT,min HHT,min = hNT,min bNT,min no. pairs R1V,k (2) R2V,k(2) m(3)
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [kN] [kN] [mm]
withdrawal(4) instability
50 1 2,8 8,2
5,3 120 30 60 60 120 77 2 5,3 15,3 56
103 3 7,7 22,0
53 1 4,5 9,2
140 45 65 65 130 81 2 8,4 17,1 59
109 3 12,2 24,6
5,6
53 1 6,5 9,2
160 65 65 75 130 81 2 12,1 17,1 59
109 3 17,6 24,6
53 1 5,6 13,6
160 45 85 75 160 88 2 10,5 25,4 74
123 3 15,2 36,6
53 1 8,1 13,6
180 65 85 80 160 88 2 15,2 25,4 74
123 3 21,9 36,6
53 1 10,6 13,6
200 85 85 90 160 88 2 19,8 25,4 74
123 3 28,7 36,6
53 1 11,9 13,6
220 95 95 95 170 88 2 22,2 25,4 81
123 3 32,1 36,6
53 1 13,1 13,6
240 105 105 100 185 88 2 24,5 25,4 88
123 3 35,4 36,6
7
53 1 14,4 13,6
260 115 115 110 200 88 2 26,8 25,4 95
123 3 38,8 36,6
53 1 15,6 13,6
280 125 125 115 215 88 2 29,2 25,4 102
123 3 42,2 36,6
53 1 16,9 13,6
300 135 135 125 230 88 2 31,5 25,4 109
123 3 45,6 36,6
53 1 19,4 13,6
340 155 155 140 255 88 2 36,2 25,4 124
123 3 52,3 36,6
53 1 21,8 13,6
380 175 175 150 285 88 2 40,6 25,4 138
123 3 58,8 36,6

148 | VGZ | STRUCTURES

 STATIC VALUES CHARACTERISTIC VALUES
EN 1995:2014

SHEAR CONNECTION WITH CROSSED CONNECTORS

RIGHT-ANGLE JOINT - MAIN BEAM/SECONDARY BEAM
d1 L S g HT(1) S g NT (1) BHT,min HHT,min = hNT,min bNT,min no. pairs R1V,k (2) R2V,k(2) m(3)
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [kN] [kN] [mm]
withdrawal(4) instability
86 1 8,8 22,9
ì200 55 115 90 200 131 2 16,5 42,7 96
176 3 23,9 61,5
86 1 12,1 22,9
220 75 115 95 200 131 2 22,5 42,7 96
176 3 32,5 61,5
86 1 15,3 22,9
240 95 115 100 200 131 2 28,5 42,7 96
176 3 41,2 61,5
86 1 18,5 22,9
260 115 115 110 200 131 2 34,5 42,7 96
176 3 49,9 61,5
86 1 20,1 22,9
280 125 125 115 215 131 2 37,5 42,7 103
176 3 54,2 61,5
86 1 21,7 22,9
300 135 135 125 230 131 2 40,5 42,7 110
176 3 58,6 61,5
86 1 23,3 22,9
320 145 145 130 245 131 2 43,5 42,7 117
9 176 3 62,9 61,5
86 1 24,9 22,9
340 155 155 140 260 131 2 46,5 42,7 124
176 3 67,3 61,5
86 1 26,5 22,9
360 165 165 145 270 131 2 49,5 42,7 131
176 3 71,6 61,5
86 1 28,1 22,9
380 175 175 150 285 131 2 52,5 42,7 138
176 3 75,9 61,5
86 1 29,7 22,9
400 185 185 160 300 131 2 55,5 42,7 145
176 3 80,3 61,5
86 1 32,9 22,9
440 205 205 175 330 131 2 61,5 42,7 160
176 3 89,0 61,5
86 1 35,9 22,9
480 225 225 185 355 131 2 67,0 42,7 174
176 3 97,0 61,5
86 1 35,9 22,9
520 245 245 200 385 131 2 67,0 42,7 188
176 3 97,0 61,5

NOTES:
(1) The values given are calculated considering a distance a The coefficients γM and kmod should be taken according to the current regula-
1CG ≥ 5d. In some
cases the asymmetrical laying of connectors is needed (Sg HT ≠ Sg NT ). tions used for the calculation.
(2) The compression design strength of the connector is the lower between the with- (3) The assembly height (m) applies in the event of symmetrical installation of the
drawal-side design strength (R 1V,d) and the instability design strength (R 2V,d). flush connectors (Sg HT = Sg NT ) above the elements. In the case of asymmetric
installation, it is necessary to provide for installation of the connectors on the
main beam side with the head buried so as to guarantee the effective lengths
kmod R1V,k kmod
(Sg HT, Sg NT ) indicated in the table.
RV,d = min γM (4) The thread axial resistance to withdrawal has been evaluated considering an ef-
R2V,k fective thread length equal to Sg. The connectors must be inserted at 45° with
respect to the shear plane.
γM1

STRUCTURES | VGZ | 149

 STATIC VALUES CHARACTERISTIC VALUES
EN 1995:2014

SHEAR CONNECTION WITH CROSSED CONNECTORS

RIGHT-ANGLE JOINT - MAIN BEAM/SECONDARY BEAM
d1 L S g HT(1) S g NT (1) BHT,min HHT,min = hNT,min bNT,min no. pairs R1V,k (2) R2V,k(2) m(3)
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [kN] [kN] [mm]
withdrawal(4) instability
105 1 9,8 29,2
225( * ) 50 145 95 245 160 2 18,3 54,4 118
215 3 26,5 78,4
105 1 14,7 29,2
250 75 145 105 245 160 2 27,5 54,4 118
215 3 39,8 78,4
105 1 19,6 29,2
275( * ) 100 145 115 245 160 2 36,7 54,4 118
215 3 53,0 78,4
105 1 24,6 29,2
300 125 145 125 245 160 2 45,8 54,4 118
215 3 66,3 78,4
105 1 29,0 29,2
325( * ) 148 148 130 250 160 2 54,1 54,4 120
215 3 78,2 78,4
105 1 31,4 29,2
350 160 160 140 265 160 2 58,6 54,4 129
215 3 84,9 78,4
11
105 1 33,9 29,2
375( * ) 173 173 150 285 160 2 63,2 54,4 137
215 3 91,5 78,4
105 1 36,3 29,2
400 185 185 160 300 160 2 67,8 54,4 146
215 3 98,1 78,4
105 1 41,3 29,2
450 210 210 175 335 160 2 77,0 54,4 164
215 3 111,4 78,4
105 1 46,2 29,2
500 235 235 195 370 160 2 86,1 54,4 182
215 3 124,6 78,4
105 1 51,1 29,2
550 260 260 210 405 160 2 95,3 54,4 199
215 3 137,9 78,4
105 1 53,7 29,2
600 285 285 230 445 160 2 100,3 54,4 217
215 3 145,1 78,4
( * ) VGS connectors, see page 186.

NOTES:
(1) The values given are calculated considering a distance a (4) The thread axial resistance to withdrawal has been evaluated considering an ef-
1CG ≥ 5d. In some
cases the asymmetrical laying of connectors is needed (Sg HT ≠ Sg NT ). fective thread length equal to Sg. The connectors must be inserted at 45° with
(2) The compression design strength of the connector is the lower between the with- respect to the shear plane.
drawal-side design strength (R 1V,d) and the instability design strength (R 2V,d).
GENERAL PRINCIPLES:
kmod R1V,k kmod
• Characteristic values comply with the EN 1995:2014 standard in accordance with
RV,d = min γM ETA-11/0030.
R2V,k • For the calculation process a timber characteristic density ρk = 385 kg/m3 has
γM1 been considered.
• Dimensioning and verification of the timber elements must be carried out sep-
The coefficients γM and kmod should be taken according to the current regula- arately.
tions used for the calculation. • For different calculation configurations, the MyProject software is available
(3) The assembly height (m) applies in the event of symmetrical installation of the (www.rothoblaas.com).
flush connectors (Sg HT = Sg NT ) above the elements. In the case of asymmetric
installation, it is necessary to provide for installation of the connectors on the
main beam side with the head buried so as to guarantee the effective lengths
(Sg HT, Sg NT ) indicated in the table.

150 | VGZ | STRUCTURES

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR CROSS SCREWS

SCREWS INSERTED WITH AND WITHOUT PRE-DRILLING HOLE

d1 [mm] 5,3 5,6 7 9 11
a2,CG [mm] 4∙d 21 23 21( * ) 36 44
aCROSS [mm] 1.5∙d 8 8 11 14 17
e [mm] 3,5∙d 19 20 25 32 39
( * ) For
main beam-secondary beam joints with VGZ screws d = 7 mm inclined or crossed, inserted at an angle of 45° to the secondary
beam head, with a minimum secondary beam height of 18 d, the minimum distance a2,CG can be taken equal to 3∙d1 .

PRE-DRILLING HOLE DIAMETER

d1 [mm] 5,3 5,6 7 9 11
dV (pre-drill) [mm] 3,5 3,5 4,0 5,0 6,0
Valid for softwood - maximum density 440 kg/m3.

SHEAR CONNECTION WITH CROSSED CONNECTORS - 1 PAIR

m m

90°
T
N

45°
S
g

a2,CG
HT

hNT
S
g

HHT aCROSS bNT

a2,CG

90°

BHT BHT

section plan

SHEAR CONNECTION WITH CROSSED CONNECTORS - 2 OR MORE PAIRS

m m
90°
T
N

45°
S
g

a2,CG
HT

hNT aCROSS
S
g

HHT
e bNT

aCROSS
a2,CG
90°

BHT
BHT

section plan

STRUCTURES | VGZ | 151

CALCULATION EXAMPLE: MAIN/SECONDARY BEAM CONNECTION
WITH VGZ CROSS SCREWS

For different calculation configurations, the MyProject software is available (www.rothoblaas.com)

CALCULATION REPORT

152 | VGZ | STRUCTURES

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR SHEAR AND AXIAL LOADS | CLT

SCREWS INSERTED WITHOUT PRE-DRILLING HOLE SCREWS INSERTED WITHOUT PRE-DRILLING HOLE
lateral face(1) narrow face(2)
d1 [mm] 7 9 11 7 9 11
a1 [mm] 4∙d 28 36 44 10∙d 70 90 110
a2 [mm] 2.5∙d 18 23 28 4∙d 28 36 44
a3,t [mm] 6∙d 42 54 66 12∙d 84 108 132
a3,c [mm] 6∙d 42 54 66 7∙d 49 63 77
a4,t [mm] 6∙d 42 54 66 6∙d 42 54 66
a4,c [mm] 2.5∙d 18 23 28 3∙d 21 27 33
d = nominal screw diameter

a4,c a4,t
α F
F
α α
F
F α

a3,t a3,c

a3,t F
a3,c a3,c
a2
a2 a4,c a4,c F
a2 a4,c a4,t

a1 a1
tCLT tCLT

NOTES:
The minimum distances are compliant with ETA-11/0030 and are to be con- (1) Minimum CLT thickness t
min = 10∙d
sidered valid unless otherwise specified in the technical documents for the (2) Minimum CLT thickness t
CLT panels. min = 10∙d and minimum screw pull-through
depth tpen = 10∙d

STRUCTURES | VGZ | 153

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR SHEAR LOADS | LVL

Load-to-grain angle α = 0° Load-to-grain angle α = 90°

SCREWS INSERTED WITHOUT PRE-DRILLING HOLE SCREWS INSERTED WITHOUT PRE-DRILLING HOLE
d1 [mm] 5,3 5,6 7 9 11 5,3 5,6 7 9 11
a1 [mm] 15∙d 80 84 105 135 165 7∙d 37 39 49 63 77
a2 [mm] 7∙d 37 39 49 63 77 7∙d 37 39 49 63 77
a3,t [mm] 20∙d 106 112 140 180 220 15∙d 80 84 105 135 165
a3,c [mm] 15∙d 80 84 105 135 165 15∙d 80 84 105 135 165
a4,t [mm] 7∙d 37 39 49 63 77 12∙d 64 67 84 108 132
a4,c [mm] 7∙d 37 39 49 63 77 7∙d 37 39 49 63 77
d = nominal screw diameter

a4,c a4,t
α F a2

F α
a1

a2
F a2
α α
F

a1
a3,t a3,c

NOTES:
Minimum distances are obtained from experimental tests carried out at Eu-
rofins Expert Services Oy, Espoo, Finland (Report EUFI29-19000819-T1/T2).

154 | VGZ | STRUCTURES

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR AXIAL STRESSES | LVL

SCREWS INSERTED WITHOUT PRE-DRILLING HOLE SCREWS INSERTED WITHOUT PRE-DRILLING HOLE
wide face edge face(1)
d1 [mm] 7 9 7 9
a1 [mm] 5∙d 35 45 10∙d 70 90
a2 [mm] 5∙d 35 45 5∙d 35 45
a1,CG [mm] 10∙d 70 90 12∙d 84 108
a2,CG [mm] 4∙d 28 36 3∙d 21 27
d = nominal screw diameter

SCREWS INSERTED WITH α = 90° ANGLE WITH RESPECT TO SCREWS INSERTED WITH α = 90° ANGLE WITH RESPECT TO THE
THE GRAIN (wide face) GRAIN (edge face)

a2,CG a2,CG
t

a2 a1,CG a1 a1 a1,CG

a2,CG plan
a1,CG a1
a1,CG a1
a1,CG a1 a1 a1,CG

plan front

h
SCREWS INSERTED WITH α ANGLE WITH RESPECT TO THE
GRAIN (wide face)
l

a2,CG front

a2
a
1

a2,CG a1,CG

a1,CG

plan front

NOTES:
The minimum distances are compliant with ETA-11/0030 and are to be con- (1) Minimum LVL thickness t
min = 45 mm (d = 7 mm) or tmin = 57 mm (d = 9 mm).
sidered valid unless otherwise specified in the technical documents for the Minumum LVL height hmin = 100 mm (d = 7 mm) or tmin = 120 mm (d = 9 mm).
LVL panels.

STRUCTURES | VGZ | 155

STATIC VALUES | CLT
TENSION(1)

total thread withdrawal(2) total thread withdrawal(3) partial thread withdrawal(2) steel
geometry
lateral face narrow face lateral face tension

L Sg Sg A
b

A
Sg A
d1

timber timber timber steel

d1 L b A min Rax,k Sg Rax,k Sg A min Rax,k Rtens,k
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [kN] [mm] [kN] [mm] [mm] [kN] [kN]

80 70 90 5,73 70 4,34 25 45 2,05

100 90 110 7,37 90 5,44 35 55 2,87
120 110 130 9,01 110 6,52 45 65 3,69
140 130 150 10,65 130 7,58 55 75 4,50
160 150 170 12,29 150 8,62 65 85 5,32
180 170 190 13,92 170 9,65 75 95 6,14
200 190 210 15,56 190 10,67 85 105 6,96
7 15,40
220 210 230 17,20 210 11,67 95 115 7,78
240 230 250 18,84 230 12,67 105 125 8,60
260 250 270 20,48 250 13,65 115 135 9,42
280 270 290 22,11 270 14,63 125 145 10,24
300 290 310 23,75 290 15,61 135 155 11,06
340 330 350 27,03 330 17,53 155 175 12,69
380 370 390 30,30 370 19,43 175 195 14,33
160 150 170 15,80 150 10,54 65 85 6,84
180 170 190 17,90 170 11,80 75 95 7,90
200 190 210 20,01 190 13,04 85 105 8,95
220 210 230 22,11 210 14,27 95 115 10,00
240 230 250 24,22 230 15,49 105 125 11,06
260 250 270 26,33 250 16,69 115 135 12,11
280 270 290 28,43 270 17,89 125 145 13,16
300 290 310 30,54 290 19,08 135 155 14,22
9 25,40
320 310 330 32,64 310 20,26 145 165 15,27
340 330 350 34,75 330 21,43 155 175 16,32
360 350 370 36,86 350 22,60 165 185 17,37
380 370 390 38,96 370 23,76 175 195 18,43
400 390 410 41,07 390 24,91 185 205 19,48
440 430 450 45,28 430 27,20 205 225 21,59
480 470 490 49,49 470 29,47 225 245 23,69
520 510 530 53,70 510 31,71 245 265 25,80
250 240 260 30,89 240 18,89 110 130 14,16
300 290 310 37,32 290 22,40 135 155 17,37
350 340 360 43,76 340 25,85 160 180 20,59
400 390 410 50,19 390 29,25 185 205 23,81
11 38,00
450 440 460 56,63 440 32,60 210 230 27,03
500 490 510 63,06 490 35,92 235 255 30,24
550 540 560 69,50 540 39,20 260 280 33,46
600 590 610 75,93 590 42,45 285 305 36,68

NOTES:
(1) The connector design resistance is the lowest between the timber side de- (3) The axial thread withdrawal resistance is valid for minimum thickness of the
sign resistance and the steel side resistance. element of tmin = 10∙d and minimum screw pull-through depth tpen = 10∙d.
(4) The characteristic shear strength is independent from the direction of the
Rax,k kkmod
mod
R1V,k kmod grain of the CLT panels outer layer.
γM RV,d = min γM (5) The axial resistance of the thread withdrawal in the lateral face of the CLT
Rax,d = min
Rtens,k R2V,k panel was calculated considering always a 45° angle between the fibres and
the connector and for an effective thread length of Sg as it is impossible to
γM2 γM1 define in advance the thickness and orientation of each layer.

(2) The axial resistance of the thread to withdrawal was calculated considering
a 90° angle between the fibres and the connector and for a effective thread
length of b or Sg.
For intermediate values of Sg it is possible to linearly interpolate.

156 | VGZ | STRUCTURES

 CHARACTERISTIC VALUES
EN 1995:2014

SHEAR SLIDING(5)

CLT - CLT(4) CLT - CLT(4) CLT - CLT(4) CLT - CLT(4)

lateral face lateral face - narrow face lateral face - narrow face lateral face - narrow face

A A A A
Sg A Sg Sg Sg

Sg Sg Sg Sg

Sg A min RV,k Sg A min RV,k Sg A min RV,k Sg A min R1V,k(1) R2V,k(1)

[mm] [mm] [kN] [mm] [mm] [kN] [mm] [mm] [kN] [mm] [mm] [kN] [kN]
withdrawal instability
25 40 2,02 25 40 1,32 25 30 1,2 25 30 2,4 13,3
35 50 2,49 35 50 1,74 35 40 1,6 35 40 3,3 13,3
45 60 2,97 45 60 2,01 45 45 2,1 45 45 4,1 13,3
55 70 3,18 55 70 2,30 55 55 2,5 55 55 4,9 13,3
65 80 3,38 65 80 2,60 65 60 2,9 65 60 5,7 13,3
75 90 3,59 75 90 2,80 75 65 3,3 75 65 6,5 13,3
85 100 3,79 85 100 2,94 85 75 3,7 85 75 7,3 13,3
95 110 4,00 95 110 3,07 95 80 4,0 95 80 8,1 13,3
105 120 4,10 105 120 3,21 105 90 4,4 105 90 8,8 13,3
115 130 4,10 115 130 3,29 115 95 4,8 115 95 9,6 13,3
125 140 4,10 125 140 3,29 125 100 5,2 125 100 10,3 13,3
135 150 4,10 135 150 3,29 135 110 5,5 135 110 11,1 13,3
155 170 4,10 155 170 3,29 155 125 6,3 155 125 12,6 13,3
175 190 4,10 175 190 3,29 175 140 7,0 175 140 14,0 13,3
65 80 4,81 65 80 3,24 65 60 3,5 65 60 7,0 22,4
75 90 5,07 75 90 3,59 75 70 4,0 75 70 8,0 22,4
85 100 5,34 85 100 3,94 85 75 4,5 85 75 8,9 22,4
95 110 5,60 95 110 4,19 95 80 4,9 95 80 9,9 22,4
105 120 5,86 105 120 4,35 105 90 5,4 105 90 10,8 22,4
115 130 6,13 115 130 4,52 115 95 5,9 115 95 11,7 22,4
125 140 6,20 125 140 4,68 125 105 6,3 125 105 12,7 22,4
135 150 6,20 135 150 4,84 135 110 6,8 135 110 13,6 22,4
145 160 6,20 145 160 4,88 145 115 7,2 145 115 14,5 22,4
155 170 6,20 155 170 4,88 155 125 7,7 155 125 15,4 22,4
165 180 6,20 165 180 4,88 165 130 8,1 165 130 16,2 22,4
175 190 6,20 175 190 4,88 175 140 8,6 175 140 17,1 22,4
185 200 6,20 185 200 4,88 185 145 9,0 185 145 18,0 22,4
205 220 6,20 205 220 4,88 205 160 9,9 205 160 19,7 22,4
225 240 6,20 225 240 4,88 225 175 10,7 225 175 21,5 22,4
245 260 6,20 245 260 4,88 245 190 11,6 245 190 23,2 22,4
110 125 7,86 110 125 5,69 110 95 6,6 110 95 13,2 28,5
135 150 8,64 135 150 6,17 135 115 8,0 135 115 15,9 28,5
160 175 8,64 160 175 6,63 160 130 9,3 160 130 18,6 28,5
185 200 8,64 185 200 6,71 185 150 10,6 185 150 21,1 28,5
210 225 8,64 210 225 6,71 210 165 11,8 210 165 23,7 28,5
235 250 8,64 235 250 6,71 235 185 13,1 235 185 26,2 28,5
260 275 8,64 260 275 6,71 260 200 14,4 260 200 28,7 28,5
285 300 8,64 285 300 6,71 285 220 15,6 285 220 31,2 28,5

GENERAL PRINCIPLES:
• Characteristic values comply with the EN 1995:2014 standard and national • For the calculation process a mass density ρk = 350 kg/m3 has been con-
specification ÖNORM EN 1995 - Annex K in accordance with ETA-11/0030. sidered for CLT elements.
• Design values can be obtained from characteristic values as follows: • Dimensioning and verification of the timber elements must be carried out
separately.
Rk kmod
Rd = • The characteristic shear resistances are calculated for screws inserted with-
γM out pre-drilling hole. In the case of screws inserted with pre-drilling hole,
greater resistance values can be obtained.
The coefficients γM and kmod should be taken according to the current
regulations used for the calculation. • The withdrawal, shear and sliding values were calculated considering the
centre of gravity of the connector placed in correspondence with the shear
• For the mechanical resistance values and the geometry of the screws, ref-
plane.
erence was made to ETA-11/0030.
• The screws must be positioned in accordance with the minimum distances.

STRUCTURES | VGZ | 157

STATIC VALUES | LVL

SLIDING(1)

LVL - LVL
geometry
flat

Sg
A 45°
L
b
Sg
B

d1

LVL steel
d1 L Sg A min Bmin RV,k Rtens,k 45°(5)
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [kN] [kN]
80 25 30 50 1,44
100 35 40 55 2,01
120 45 45 60 2,59
140 55 55 70 3,16
160 65 60 75 3,74
180 75 65 85 4,31
200 85 75 90 4,89
7 10,89
220 95 80 100 5,46
240 105 90 105 6,04
260 115 95 110 6,61
280 125 100 120 7,19
300 135 110 125 7,76
340 155 125 140 8,91
380 175 140 155 10,06
160 65 60 75 4,80
180 75 70 85 5,54
200 85 75 90 6,28
220 95 80 100 7,02
240 105 90 105 7,76
260 115 95 110 8,50
280 125 105 120 9,24
300 135 110 125 9,98
9 17,96
320 145 115 135 10,72
340 155 125 140 11,46
360 165 130 145 12,20
380 175 140 155 12,93
400 185 145 160 13,67
440 205 160 175 15,15
480 225 175 190 16,63
520 245 190 205 17,96

NOTES:
(1) The design sliding strength of the joint is either the timber-side design (3) The axial thread withdrawal resistance R
ax,90,flat,k was calculated con-
strength (RV,d) and the steel design strength (Rtens,d 45°), whichever is lower. sidering a 90° angle between the grain and the connector and for a fixing
length of b in applications with both parallel and cross grain LVL.
RV,k kmod (4) The axial thread withdrawal resistance R
ax,90,edge,k was calculated con-
RV,d = min γM sidering a 90° angle between the grain and the connector and for a fix-
Rtens,k 45° ing length of b in applications with parallel grain LVL. Minimum height LVL
hMIN= 100 mm for VGZ connectors Ø7 and hMIN = 120 mm for VGZ con-
γM2 nectors Ø9.

(5) The connector tensile strength was calculated considering a 45° angle be-
(2) The connector design resistance is the lowest between the timber side de-
tween the fibres and the connector
sign resistance (Rax,d) and the steel side resistance (Rtens,d).

Rax,k kmod
Rax,d = min γM
Rtens,k
γM2

158 | VGZ | STRUCTURES

 CHARACTERISTIC VALUES
EN 1995:2014

TENSION(2)

total thread withdrawal(3) partial thread withdrawal(3) thread withdrawal(4) steel

flat flat edge tension

Sg A
Sg
A
Sg A

LVL LVL LVL steel

b A min Rax,k Sg A min Rax,k Sg tmin Rax,k Rtens,k
[mm] [mm] [kN] [mm] [mm] [kN] [mm] [mm] [kN] [kN]
70 90 7,11 25 45 2,54 70 45 4,74
90 110 9,15 35 55 3,56 90 45 6,10
110 130 11,18 45 65 4,57 110 45 7,45
130 150 13,21 55 75 5,59 130 45 8,81
150 170 15,24 65 85 6,61 150 45 10,16
170 190 17,28 75 95 7,62 170 45 11,52
190 210 19,31 85 105 8,64 190 45 12,87
15,40
210 230 21,34 95 115 9,65 210 45 14,23
230 250 23,37 105 125 10,67 230 45 15,58
250 270 25,41 115 135 11,69 250 45 16,94
270 290 27,44 125 145 12,70 270 45 18,29
290 310 29,47 135 155 13,72 290 45 19,65
330 350 33,54 155 175 15,75 330 45 22,36
370 390 37,60 175 195 17,78 370 45 25,07
150 170 19,60 65 85 8,49 150 57 13,07
170 190 22,21 75 95 9,80 170 57 14,81
190 210 24,83 85 105 11,11 190 57 16,55
210 230 27,44 95 115 12,41 210 57 18,29
230 250 30,05 105 125 13,72 230 57 20,03
250 270 32,67 115 135 15,03 250 57 21,78
270 290 35,28 125 145 16,33 270 57 23,52
290 310 37,89 135 155 17,64 290 57 25,26
25,4
310 330 40,51 145 165 18,95 310 57 27,00
330 350 43,12 155 175 20,25 330 57 28,75
350 370 45,73 165 185 21,56 350 57 30,49
370 390 48,35 175 195 22,87 370 57 32,23
390 410 50,96 185 205 24,17 390 57 33,97
430 450 56,18 205 225 26,79 430 57 37,46
470 490 61,41 225 245 29,40 470 57 40,94
510 530 66,64 245 265 32,01 510 57 44,43

GENERAL PRINCIPLES:
• Characteristic values comply with the EN 1995:2014 standard in accord- • For the calculation process a mass density equal to ρk = 480 kg/m3 has
ance with ETA-11/0030. been considered for softwood LVL elements.
• Design values can be obtained from characteristic values as follows: • Dimensioning and verification of the timber elements must be carried out
separately.
Rk kmod
Rd = • The withdrawal and sliding values were calculated considering the centre
γM of gravity of the connector placed in correspondence with the shear plane.
The coefficients γM and kmod should be taken according to the current
regulations used for the calculation.
• For the mechanical resistance values and the geometry of the screws, ref-
erence was made to ETA-11/0030.

STRUCTURES | VGZ | 159

CALCULATION EXAMPLES: REINFORCEMENT OF NOTCHED BEAM
WITH TRACTION PERPENDICULAR

PROJECT DATA B-B A-A

a2,c
B = 200 mm GL24h Glulam (ρk = 385 kg/m3)
B a2
H = 400 mm Fv,Rd = 29,5 kN
a2,c
Hef = 200 mm Service class = 1
Hi = H - Hef = 200 Load duration = medium
B-B A-A
ia = 0 (notch slope) L a = 150 mm

Hef
X Sg sup
H
Sg inf
H-Hef
Fv,Rd

La a1,c

SHEAR STRESS VERIFICATION - BEAM WITHOUT REINFORCEMENT - Section A-A (EN 1995:2014) : τd ≤ kv ∙ fv,d

1,5 Fv,Rd La Hef

τd = α= x= α= x = τd = 1,65 N/mm2
B Hef 2 H x = 75 mm
α = 0,5
1
kn = 6,50 (GL24h)
kV = min 1,1 iα1,5 kv = 0,47
kn 1+
H fv,k = 3,50 N/mm2

h α (1-α) + 0,8 x 1 -α2

H α

EN 1995:2014 Italy - NTC 2018

kmod = 0,9 kmod = 0,9
γM = 1,25 γM = 1,45
fv,d = 2,52 N/mm2 fv,d = 2,17 N/mm2
kv ∙ fv,d = 1,18 N/mm2 kv ∙ fv,d = 1,02 N/mm2

τd ≤ kv ∙ fv,d 1,65 > 1,18 N/mm2 τd ≤ kv ∙ fv,d 1,65 > 1,02 N/mm2
verification not passed verification not passed
REQUIRES REINFORCEMENT REQUIRES REINFORCEMENT

SHEAR STRESS VERIFICATION - Section B-B (EN 1995:2014) : τd ≤ fv,d

1,5 Fv,Rd
τd = α= τd = 1,65 N/mm2
B Hef

EN 1995:2014 Italy - NTC 2018

τd ≤ fv,d 1,65 < 2,52 N/mm2 τd ≤ fv,d 1,65 < 2,17 N/mm2
verification passed verification passed

REINFORCEMENT Section A-A - CALCULATION OF TRACTION STRESS PERPENDICULAR TO THE FIBRES (DIN 1052:2008)

Ft,90,d = 1,3 Fv,Rd [ 3 (1-α)2 - 2 (1-α)3] Ft,90,d = 19,18 kN

REINFORCEMENT CONNECTOR SELECTION

VGZ 9 x 360 mm To optimise the resistance, the connector is placed with the centre of gravity in correspondence
S g sup = 165 mm with the possible crack line.
S g inf = 165 mm

160 | VGZ | STRUCTURES

 CONNECTOR TENSILE STRENGTH CALCULATION (EN 1995:2014 and ETA-11/0030)

Rax,α,Rk kmod
Rax,Rd = min γm
Rtens,k
γm2

ρk 0,8 Rax,90°,Rk = 18,75 kN

Rax,α,Rx = nef 11,7 d1 Sg kax Rtens,k = 25,40 kN
350

The tensile strength of the connectors calculated here is shown in the table on p.144.
The minimum distances for placement of the connectors are found in the table on p.143.

EN 1995:2014 Italy - NTC 2018

kmod = 0,9 kmod = 0,9
γM = 1,3 γM = 1,5
γM2 = 1,25 γM2 = 1,25
Rax,90°Rd = 12,98 kN Rax,90°Rd = 11,25 kN
Rtens,d = 20,32 kN Rki,d = 20,32 kN
Rax,Rd = 12,98 kN Rax,Rd = 11,25 kN

MINIMUM NUMBER OF CONNECTORS

Ft,90,d/Rax,Rd = 1,48 Ft,90,d/Rax,Rd = 1,70

2 connectors are hypothesized nef,ax = max (20,9;0,9∙2)= 1,87

FASTENER RESISTANCE TO PERPENDICULAR TENSION

Rax,Rd = 1,87 ∙ 12,98 = 24,27 kN > 19,18 kN OK Rax,Rd = 1,87 ∙ 11,25 = 21,04 kN > 19,18 kN OK

For different calculation configurations, the MyProject software is available (www.rothoblaas.com).

EXAMPLE OF JOINTS THAT REQUIRE VERIFICATION OF PERPENDICULAR TENSION AND POSSIBLE REINFORCEMENT

ia=0 ia>0

STRUCTURES | VGZ | 161

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