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Problem1:: Water Exerts Pressure On The Upstream Face of A Dame As Shown in Following Figure

The document describes using Simpson's rule to evaluate the total force acting on a dam wall and the line of action of that force. Given elevation and width data for the dam, it uses Simpson's 1/3 rule to calculate the total force as 3981225000 N and the line of action as 27.4641 meters.

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Nguyễn Tài
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311 views

Problem1:: Water Exerts Pressure On The Upstream Face of A Dame As Shown in Following Figure

The document describes using Simpson's rule to evaluate the total force acting on a dam wall and the line of action of that force. Given elevation and width data for the dam, it uses Simpson's 1/3 rule to calculate the total force as 3981225000 N and the line of action as 27.4641 meters.

Uploaded by

Nguyễn Tài
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem1:

Water exerts pressure on the upstream face of a dame as shown in following Figure. The pressure
can be characterized by

p(z) = ρ g( D – z)

where p(z) = pressure in pascals (or N/m2 ) exerted at an elevation z meters above the reservoir bottom;
ρ = density of water, which for this problem is assumed to be a constant 103 kg/m3 ; g = acceleration
due to gravity (9.81 m/s2 ); and D = elevation (in m) of the water surface above the reservoir bottom.
According to above Equation, pressure increases linearly with depth, as depicted in Figure (a). Omitting
atmospheric pressure (because it works against both sides of the dam face and essentially cancels out),
the total force ft can be determined by multiplying pressure times the area of the dam face (as shown in
Figure (b).

It is required to evaluate the total force acting on the wall of the dam and line of
action using the Simpson’s rule for the data given in the figure. The data of the
figure can be tabulated in a table as shown below:
z w(z) ρ gw(z)(75-z) ρ gzw(z)(75-z)
75 200 0 0
62.5 190 23298750 1456171875
50 175 42918750 2145937500
37.5 160 58860000 2207250000
26 135 66217500 1655437500
12.5 130 79706250 996328125
0 122 89761500 0

To evaluate the force f, acting on the wall of dam, composite Simpson’s 1/3 rule is
applied. The force is given as
D

f(t) = ∫ ρ gw ( z )( D−z ) dz
0
The above integral is evaluated using Simpson’s rule. The composite Simpson’s
1/3 rule is given as,
n−1 n−2
f ( x 0 ) +4 ∑ f ( x i ) +2 ∑ f ( x i ) + f (x n)
I = (b – a)( i=1,3,5 j=2,4,6
3n

Observe that the number of segments for the above data is 6, that is n = 6.
Therefore, apply the rule to evaluate the integral as,
ft=( 75−0)¿ ¿

ft=3981225000 N

To evaluate the line of action, which is given as,


D

∫ ρgw ( z ) ( D−z ) dz
d= D0
∫ ρ gw ( z ) ( D−z ) dz
0

Evaluate the integral I =∫ ρ gzw ( z )( D−z ) dz using the composite Simpson’s 1/3 rule.
0

The value of the integral I is,


I =( 75−0)¿ ¿

I =109340625000.

Therefore, line of action is,

109340625000
d=
3981225000

d=27.4641m

clc
clear
z=[0 12.5 25 37.5 50 62.5 75];
w=[122 130 135 160 175 190 200];
syms x y
f1=10^3*9.81*x*(75-y);
f2=f1*y;
f1_vec=zeros(1,5);
f2_vec=zeros(1,5);
for i=1:7
f1_vec(i)=subs(f1,[x,y],[w(i),z(i)]);
f2_vec(i)=subs(f2,[x,y],[w(i),z(i)]);
end
force=simpson(f1_vec,0,75);
intf2=simpson(f2_vec,0,75);
d=double(intf2/force);
disp(['The total force ft is ',num2str(force),' N',newline])
disp(['The line of action is ',num2str(d),' m'])

%%simpson's rule funcion


function value=simpson(f,a,b)
n=numel(f)-1;
h=(b-a)/n;
value=h/3*(f(1)+4*sum(f(2:2:end))+2*sum(f(3:2:end-1))+f(end));
end

Problem5:
(a) Consider the differential equation
dp
=k g p
dt

Separating the variables, we get


dp
=k g dt
p

Integrating on both sides


dp
∫ = k dt +C
p ∫ g
ln p=k g t +C
Plotting a semi-log plot (In p versus t) shows a straight line with a slope of kg.
The plot, along with the linear regression best fit line is shown below. We
estimate the population growth rate to be kg = 0.0186/yr.

y = 0.0186x – 28.4378

(b)To solve the following differential equation using fourth-order RK


method

dp
=k g p , P(1950) = 2555
dt

From (a), the value of k g is 0.017773, thus the given differential equation is

dp
=¿ 0.017773p, p(1950) = 2555
dt

Find the world population from 1960 to 2050 with a step size of 5 years.
Here f ( t , y )=0.017773 p , p(1950) = 2555, and h = 5

The fourth-order RK method formula

1
pi+1 =p i+ h(k 1+ 2k 2+2 k 3+ k 4 )
6

Where
k 1=f ( t i , y i)

h h
k 2=f (t i + , pi + k 1)
2 2

h h
k 3=f (t i + , pi + k 2)
2 2

k 4=f (t i+ h , pi + h k 3)

Here t i=0+ih .

Step 1:

t 0=1950 , p 0=2555

t 1=1955 , k 1=f (t i , p i)
k 1=f (t 0 , p 0)
¿(1950,2555)
= 0.017773(2555)
= 45.41

h h
k 2=f (t i + , pi + k 1)
2 2
5 5
¿ f (t 0 + , p0 + k 1)
2 2
¿ f ( 1950+ 2.5 ,2555+2.5 ( 45.41 ))
¿ f (1952.5,2668.525)
¿ 0.017773(2673.57)
¿ 47.52

h h
k 3=f (t i + , pi + k 2)
2 2
5
¿ f (t 0 +5 , p0 + k 2)
2
¿ f (1950+2.5 , 2555+ 2.5 ( 47.43 ) )
¿ f (1952.5 ,2673.57)
¿ 0.017773(2673.57)
¿ 47.52
k 4=f (t i+ h , pi + k 3 h)
¿ f (t 0 +5 , p0 +k 3 ( 5 ) )
¿ f (1950+5 , 2555+ ( 47.52 ) ( 5 ))
¿ f (1955,2792.6)
¿ 0.017773(2792.6)
¿ 49.64

The fourth-order RK method formula


1
pi+1 =p i+ h(k 1+ 2k 2+2 k 3+ k 4 )
6

1
p1= p0 + h(k 1 +2 k 2 +2 k 3 +k 4 )
6
1
¿ 2555+ ∗5(45.41+2∗47.43+2∗47.52+49.64)
6
¿ 2792.46

Thus, the world population on 1950 was 2792.46 millions

Repeat the above steps to get the following table


t p k1 k2 k3 k4
1950 2555
1855 2780
1960 3040
1965 3346
1970 3708
1975 4087
1980 4454
1985 4850
1990 5276
1995 5686
2000 6079

%%
%-----------problem(a)----------
%-------------------------------
clear
clc
table=xlsread('C:\Users\DELL\Desktop\growth.xlsx'); %read table
from excel
T=table(1:5,1); %---1950 to 1970
P=table(1:5,2);
y=log(P); % lnP=Kg*t+C;
x0=ones(length(T),1); %% x0=1 for all case bc C is a constant
x1=T; %% x1 is coeffient of Kg*T is T
A=[x0 x1];
b=y;
x=A\b; %%solve Ax=b ==> x=A\b
C=x(1);
Kg=x(2);
disp(['Kg=',num2str(Kg),'/year',newline]);
figure(1);
plot(T,b,'o',T,(Kg.*T+C));
legend({'real','regression'},'Location','Southeast');
title('a semi-log plot (lnP versus t)');
xlabel('year from 1950 to 1970');
ylabel('ln(P)');

%-----------problem(b)----------
%-------------------------------
Tnew=(1950:5:2050);
syms pb
dy=Kg*pb;
x0=1950;
y0=2555;
h=5;
Pb=zeros(length(Tnew),1);
Pb(1)=y0;
for i=1:((2050-1950)/5)
k1=subs(dy,pb,y0);
k2=subs(dy,pb,y0+(k1/2));
k3=subs(dy,pb,y0+(k2/2));
k4=subs(dy,pb,y0+k3);
y0=y0+1/6*(k1+2*k2+2*k3+k4)*h;
x0=x0+h;
Pb(i+1)=y0;
end
figure(2);
plot(Tnew,Pb,'k-o','MarkerFaceColor',[0 0 0]);
legend({'population'},'Location','Southeast');
title('World population from 1950 to 2020');
xlabel('year');
ylabel('population(milions)');

Displaying the result on the graph

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