TUGAS 4

TEKNIK REAKSI KIMIA 2

Tugas Kelompok Keenam TRK 2 – Kelas 03

Kelompok 3
Anggota :
1. Calvin Santoso - 1806233423
2. Muhamad Fadlan Rasyid - 1806182340
3. Salsabila Putri Wahyudin - 1806182454
4. Shania Imtiyaz - 1806182473

Example 8-10 Oxidation of SO2

The feed to an SO2 converter is 7900 lb mol/h and consits of 11% SO 2, 10% O2, and 79%
inerts (principally N2). The converter consists of 4631 tubes packed with catalyst, each 20 ft
long. The tubes are 3 in. o.d. and 2.782 in. i.d. The tubes will be cooled by a boiling liquid at
805oF, so the coolant temperature is constant over this value. The entering pressure is 2 atm.
For inlet temperatures of 740 and 940 oF, plot the conversation, temperature, equilibrium
conversion, and reaction rate profile down the reactor

Additional information:
𝜙 = 0.45
𝜌𝑜 = 0.054 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3
𝑃𝑜 = 2 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝐷𝑝 = 0.015 𝑓𝑡

𝑙𝑏
𝜇 = 0.090 . ℎ 𝑎𝑡 1400 𝑅
𝑓𝑡

𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑈 = 10
ℎ. 𝑓𝑡2. 𝑅

𝐴𝑐 = 0.0422 𝑓𝑡2

𝑇0 = 1400 𝑅 (𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑇0 = 1200 𝑅)

𝑔𝑐 𝑙𝑏𝑚 . 𝑓𝑡
= 4.17 × 108
𝑙𝑏𝑓 . ℎ2

𝑙𝑏
𝜌𝑏 = 33.8 (𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦)
𝑓𝑡 3
Using recent JANAF20 values of KP at 700 and 900 K, the equilibrium constant at any
temperature T is
42.311
𝐾𝑃 = exp ( − 11.24) (KP in atm-1/2. T in R) at 1600 oR
𝑅𝑇

𝐾𝑃 = 7.8 𝑎𝑡𝑚 −1/2

For rate constants, the data of Eklund21 can be correlated very well by the equation

k = exp [−176.008 − (110.1 ln 𝑇) + 912.8]

𝑇

where k is in lb mol SO2 /lb cat. s. atm and T is in R.

There are diffusional effects present in this catalyst at there temperatures, and Equation
(E8-10.2) should be regarded as an empirical equation that predicts the effective reaction rate
constant over the range of temperatures listed by Donovan (814 to 1138 oF). The JANAF tables
were used to give the following:

𝐵𝑡𝑢
∆𝐻𝑅𝑥 (800°𝐹 ) = −42,471 𝑆𝑂2
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐶𝑝𝑆𝑂2 =7.208 + 5.633 × 10−3𝑇 − 1.343 × 10−6𝑇2

𝐶𝑝𝑂2 =5.731 + 2.323 × 10−3𝑇 − 4.886 × 10−7𝑇2

𝐶𝑝𝑆𝑂3 =8.511 + 9.517 × 10−3𝑇 − 2.325 × 10−6𝑇2

𝐶𝑝𝑁2 =6.248 + 8.778 × 10−4𝑇 − 2.13 × 10−8𝑇2

Where CP is in Btu/lb mol . oR and T in oR

 Persamaan Desain
𝑑𝑋 𝐹𝐴0
=
𝑑𝑊 −𝑟𝐴′
𝐹 𝑑𝑋 = −𝑟 ′
𝐴𝑂 𝐴
𝑑𝑊

 Persaman Laju
′
𝑃𝑆𝑂2 𝑃𝑆𝑂3 2
−𝑟 = 𝑘√ [𝑃 −( ) ]
𝑠𝑜2 𝑃𝑆𝑂3 𝑂2 𝑃𝑆𝑂2
 Stoikiometri

𝑆𝑂2 + 1/2𝑂2 ↔ 𝑆𝑂3

𝐴 + 1/2𝐵 ↔ 𝐶
𝑃𝑖 = 𝐶𝑖 (𝑅𝑇) = 𝐶𝐴𝑂 (𝛩𝑖 + 𝑣𝑖 𝑋)(𝑅𝑇)𝑃 (𝛩𝑖 + 𝑣𝑖 𝑋)𝑃
(1 + 𝜀𝑋)(𝑇/𝑇 )𝑃 = 𝑃𝐴𝑂 (1 + 𝜀𝑋)𝑃
𝑜 0 0

Kombinasi persamaan laju dengan persamaan stiokiometri, menghasilkan

1
𝑑𝑋 −𝑟 ′ 1−𝑋 𝑃 𝛩 − 𝑋 𝛩 −𝑋2 1
= 𝐴
= √ 2
[ 𝑃 𝑂2 − 𝑆𝑂3
( ) ]
𝑑𝑊 𝐹𝐴0 𝐹𝐴𝑂 + 𝑋 𝑃0 𝐴0 1 + 𝜀 𝑥 1+ 𝐾𝑝 2

𝛩𝑆𝑂3 𝑋
Dengan
𝜀 = −0.055
𝑃𝐴0= 0.22 atm
𝛩𝑆𝑂2= 1.0
𝛩𝑂2= 0.91
𝛩𝑆𝑂3= 0
𝛩𝑁2= 7.17
𝐹𝑇𝑂= 7900 lb mol/h
𝐹𝐴𝑂 = 896 lb mol/h

Per tube,
Berat katalis dalam tube:

𝑊 = 𝜌𝑏𝜋𝐷2/4𝐿 = 28.54 𝑙𝑏 𝐶𝑎𝑡/𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒 869

𝐹𝐴𝑂 = = 0.188 𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ 𝑡𝑢𝑏
4631
 Substitusi nilai diatas menghasilkan

𝑑𝑋 − 𝑟 ′ 1− 0.2 − 𝑃 0.2 − 0.11𝑋

= ′𝐴 = 5.32 𝑘 √ 0.11𝑋 (( ) 𝑃
𝑑𝑊 −𝑟 𝑋 1 − 0.055𝑋 ) (( )
𝐴
𝑋 𝑃 1 − 0.055𝑋 𝑃

2 2
) ) 0.2 − 0.11𝑋 ) 𝑃 − (
𝑋 𝑋
−( ) )
(1 − 𝑋)𝐾𝑝 1 − 0.055𝑋 𝑃 (1 − 𝑋)𝐾
(( 0 𝑝

Dimana
𝑑𝑋
= 𝑓1(𝑋, 𝑇, 𝑃)
𝑑𝑊
Limit dalam integrasi adalah 0 sampai dengan berat katalis dalam tube, 28.54 lb.

 Neraca energi
Untuk operasi yang Steady-State dan no shaft work, persamaan 8-56 dapat ditulis dalam term
berat katalis sebagai Spatial Variable

𝑑𝑇 ( 4𝑈/𝜌𝑏 𝐷)(𝑇𝑎 − 𝑇) + (−𝑟𝐴′ )(−∆𝐻𝑅𝑋 (𝑇)

𝑑𝑊 =
𝐹𝐴𝑂 (𝛴𝛩𝑖 𝐶𝑝𝑖 + 𝑋 ∆𝐶𝑝)

Evaluasi Parameter Neraca Energi

Panas reaksi:
∆𝛽 ∆𝛾
∆𝐻 (𝑇) = ∆𝐻° (𝑇 ) + ∆𝛼(𝑇 − 𝑇 ) + (𝑇 2 − 𝑇 2 ) + (𝑇3 − 𝑇3)
𝑅𝑥 𝑅𝑥 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅
2 2
Untuk reaksi oksidasi SO , 1 :
2 𝑆𝑂2 + 𝑂2 → 𝑆𝑂3
2

1
∆𝛼 = 𝛼𝑆𝑂3 − 𝛼𝑆𝑂2 = 8,511 − (0,5)(5,731) − 7,208 = −1,563
2
∆𝛽 = 0,00262

∆𝛾 = −0,738 × 10−8

Dengan mensubstitusikan nilai ∆𝛼, ∆𝛽, dan ∆𝛾 ke persamaan panas reaksi, diperoleh

∆𝐻𝑅𝑥(𝑇) = −42.471 − (1,563)(𝑇 − 1260) + (1,36 × 10−3)(𝑇2 − 12602)

− (2,459 × 10−9)(𝑇3 − 12603)
 Σ𝜃𝑖 𝐶𝑝𝑖 = 57,23 + 0,014𝑇 − 1,94 × 10−6 𝑇 2

Term koefisien perpindahan kalor:

𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑈𝜋𝐷 4𝑈 4 (10 2 )
ℎ. 𝑓𝑡 . °𝑅 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝜌𝐴 =
𝜌𝐷 = 𝑙𝑏 = 5,11 ℎ. 𝑙𝑏. 𝑐𝑎𝑡. 𝑅
2,78
𝑏𝑐 𝑏
(33,8 3 ) [( ) 𝑓𝑡]
𝑓𝑡 12
Sehingga
𝑑𝑇 5 ,11(𝑇𝑎 − 𝑇 ) + (−𝑟𝐴′ )[−∆𝐻𝑅𝑥 (𝑇)]
=
𝑑𝑊 0,188(Σ𝜃𝑖 𝐶𝑝𝑖 + 𝑋∆𝐶𝑝 )
𝑑𝑇
= 𝑓2(𝑇, 𝑃, 𝑋)
𝑑𝑊

 Pressure Drop
𝑑𝑃 (1 − 𝜙)𝐺(1 + 𝜀𝑋) 150𝜇(1 − 𝜙)
𝑑𝑧 = − 𝑃 𝑇0 [ 𝐷 + 1.75𝐺]
𝜌𝑜 ( )0 ( ) 𝑔𝑐𝐷𝑝𝜙3 𝑝
𝑃 𝑇
Dimana,
∑ 𝐹𝑖0𝑀
𝐺= 𝑙𝑏
𝐴𝑐 (𝑀
= 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖) = 1307.6
𝑖 𝑓𝑡 2 . ℎ
𝐷2
𝐴𝑐 = 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝜋 )
4

Diketahui bahwa 𝑊 = 𝜌𝑏𝐴𝑐𝑧. Maka,

𝑑𝑃 𝐺𝑇𝑃0 (1 − 𝜙 )(1 + 𝜀𝑋 )[ 150𝜇 (1 − 𝜙 )

𝑑𝑊 = − 𝜌 𝜌 𝐴 𝑇 𝑃𝑔 𝐷 𝜙 3 𝐷 + 1.75𝐺]
𝑜 𝑏 𝑐 0 𝑐 𝑝 𝑝

 Evaluasi parameter pressure-drop

𝐺𝑇𝑃0 (1 − 𝜙 )(1 + 𝜀𝑋 ) 150(1 − 𝜙 )𝜇
3𝑓 (𝑋, 𝑇, 𝑃) = −
𝜌𝑏𝐴𝑐𝜌𝑜𝑇0𝜙3𝐷𝑝𝑔𝑐𝑃 [ 𝐷𝑝 + 1.75𝐺]
Substitusi dengan persamaan sebelumnya, menghasilkan

𝑑𝑃 1.12 × 10−8(1 −
𝑑𝑊 0.55𝑋) [5500𝜇 + 2288]
=−
𝑃

Dengan reaksi yang isothermal 𝜀 = 0

𝑑𝑃 −0.0432
=
𝑑𝑊 𝑃

Integrasi dengan limit 𝑃0 = 2 𝑎𝑡𝑚 pada 𝑊 = 0 dan 𝑃 = 𝑃 pada W = 28.54 lb katalis

menghasilkan
𝑃2 − 4
2 = −0.0432(0 − 28.54)
𝑃 = 1.239 𝑎𝑡𝑚
∆𝑃 = 2 − 1.24 = 0.76 𝑎𝑡𝑚

 Melakukan perhitungan secara simultan dengan

Mole balance :
𝑑𝑋 𝑑𝑋
= = 𝑓1(𝑇, 𝑃, 𝑋)
𝑑𝑊 𝑑𝑊
Energy Balance :
𝑑𝑇
= 𝑓1(𝑇, 𝑃, 𝑋)
𝑑𝑊
Momentum Balance :
𝑑𝑃
= 𝑓1(𝑇, 𝑃, 𝑋)
𝑑𝑊

 Numerical Procedure

−𝑟 ′
= 𝑘√[0.848 − 0.012 ]
𝑠𝑜2
𝐾𝑝2
P8-26B
(Position of reaction front) Using the computer program (or a slight variation thereof) given in
Example 8-10, determine the effect on the temperature and conversion profiles of varying the
inlet temperature when the reaction is carried out adiabatically. Study of the effect of the inlet
temperature on the position of the reaction front (i.e., the position where the temperature rises
very steeply).

Melakukan Polymath untuk mendapatkan profil nilai Konversi dan Temperature sepanjang
reaktor pada setiap variasi temperature inlet
 To = 1100 To = 1200
X T Z X T Z
0 1100 0 0 1200 0
0.0001347 1100.082 0.4868129 0.0067331 1204.017 0.537703
0.0001791 1100.108 0.6468847 0.0089054 1205.312 0.6977748
0.0002235 1100.135 0.8069565 0.0111649 1206.659 0.8578466
0.0003126 1100.189 1.1271 0.0135185 1208.062 1.017918
0.0003572 1100.216 1.287172 0.0185383 1211.053 1.338062
0.0004019 1100.243 1.447244 0.0212225 1212.652 1.498134
0.0004466 1100.271 1.607315 0.0240367 1214.328 1.658206
0.0005362 1100.325 1.927459 0.0269931 1216.088 1.818277
0.0005811 1100.352 2.087531 0.0333897 1219.894 2.138421
0.0006261 1100.379 2.247603 0.0368642 1221.96 2.298493
0.0006711 1100.406 2.407674 0.0405502 1224.152 2.458564
0.0007612 1100.461 2.727818 0.0444727 1226.483 2.618636
0.0008064 1100.488 2.88789 0.0497188 1229.599 2.817456
0.0008516 1100.516 3.047962 0.0548369 1232.638 3.006993
0.0008969 1100.543 3.208033 0.0637847 1237.948 3.327136
0.0009876 1100.598 3.528177 0.0684394 1240.708 3.487208
0.0010331 1100.626 3.688249 0.0732349 1243.55 3.64728
0.0010786 1100.653 3.848321 0.0781869 1246.484 3.807352
0.0011241 1100.681 4.008392 0.0886293 1252.666 4.127495
0.0012154 1100.736 4.328536 0.0941576 1255.937 4.287567
0.0012612 1100.764 4.488608 0.0999188 1259.343 4.447639
0.001307 1100.792 4.648679 0.1059368 1262.899 4.60771
0.0013528 1100.819 4.808751 0.1188519 1270.524 4.927854
0.0014447 1100.875 5.128895 0.1258117 1274.629 5.087926
0.0014907 1100.903 5.288967 0.1331546 1278.957 5.247998
0.0015368 1100.931 5.449038 0.1409231 1283.533 5.408069
0.0015829 1100.959 5.60911 0.1579352 1293.542 5.728213
0.0016754 1101.015 5.929254 0.167296 1299.042 5.888285
0.0017217 1101.043 6.089326 0.177319 1304.926 6.048357
0.001768 1101.071 6.249397 0.188086 1311.241 6.208428
0.0018145 1101.099 6.409469 0.2122402 1325.384 6.528572
0.0019075 1101.155 6.729613 0.2258554 1333.342 6.688644
0.0019541 1101.183 6.889685 0.2406727 1341.991 6.848716
0.0020008 1101.212 7.049756 0.2568424 1351.416 7.008787
0.0020475 1101.24 7.209828 0.2938906 1372.958 7.328931
0.0021412 1101.297 7.529972 0.3150948 1385.254 7.489003
0.0021881 1101.325 7.690044 0.3382709 1398.667 7.649075
0.002235 1101.354 7.850115 0.3634943 1413.232 7.809146
0.0022821 1101.382 8.010187 0.4198681 1445.664 8.12929
0.0023763 1101.439 8.330331 0.4505286 1463.235 8.289362
0.0024235 1101.468 8.490402 0.4822008 1481.335 8.449433
0.0024708 1101.496 8.650474 0.5141767 1499.558 8.609505
0.0025181 1101.525 8.810546 0.5755899 1534.413 8.929649
0.002613 1101.582 9.13069 0.6032078 1550.028 9.089721
0.0026605 1101.611 9.290761 0.6276653 1563.824 9.249792
0.0027081 1101.64 9.450833 0.6483793 1575.487 9.409864
0.0027557 1101.669 9.610905 0.6738789 1589.816 9.67434
0.0028512 1101.727 9.931049 0.6880158 1597.746 9.90442
0.002899 1101.756 10.09112 0.6927071 1600.376 10.01585
0.0029469 1101.785 10.25119 0.6990557 1603.933 10.24085
0.0029948 1101.814 10.41126 0.7026797 1605.962 10.47762
0.0030909 1101.872 10.73141 0.7045937 1607.034 10.73584
0.0031391 1101.901 10.89148 0.7051186 1607.328 10.87614
0.0031873 1101.93 11.05155 0.7054345 1607.505 11.02582
0.0032355 1101.959 11.21162 0.7056096 1607.603 11.34596
0.0033323 1102.018 11.53177 0.7055513 1607.57 11.50603
0.0033807 1102.047 11.69184 0.7054392 1607.507 11.6661
0.0034292 1102.077 11.85191 0.7052917 1607.425 11.82618
0.0034778 1102.106 12.01198 0.7049341 1607.225 12.14632
0.0035752 1102.165 12.33213 0.7047365 1607.114 12.30639
0.003624 1102.195 12.4922 0.7045312 1606.999 12.46646
0.0036728 1102.224 12.65227 0.7043203 1606.881 12.62653
0.0037217 1102.254 12.81234 0.7038862 1606.638 12.94668
0.0038198 1102.313 13.13248 0.7036644 1606.514 13.10675
0.0038689 1102.343 13.29256 0.70344 1606.388 13.26682
0.003918 1102.373 13.45263 0.703213 1606.261 13.42689
0.0039673 1102.402 13.6127 0.7027522 1606.003 13.74704
0.004066 1102.462 13.93284 0.7025184 1605.872 13.90711
0.0041154 1102.492 14.09292 0.7022823 1605.74 14.06718
0.0041649 1102.522 14.25299 0.702044 1605.606 14.22725
0.0042145 1102.552 14.41306 0.7015605 1605.336 14.5474
0.0043138 1102.612 14.7332 0.7013153 1605.198 14.70747
0.0043636 1102.642 14.89327 0.7010676 1605.06 14.86754
0.0044134 1102.673 15.05335 0.7008175 1604.92 15.02761
0.0044633 1102.703 15.21342 0.70031 1604.635 15.34775
0.0045633 1102.763 15.53356 0.7000523 1604.491 15.50783
0.0046135 1102.794 15.69363 0.6997921 1604.345 15.6679
0.0046636 1102.824 15.8537 0.6995292 1604.198 15.82797
0.0047139 1102.855 16.01378 0.6989951 1603.899 16.14811
0.0048146 1102.915 16.33392 0.6987239 1603.747 16.30819
0.004865 1102.946 16.49399 0.6984497 1603.593 16.46826
0.0049156 1102.977 16.65406 0.6981726 1603.438 16.62833
0.0049662 1103.007 16.81414 0.6976093 1603.123 16.94847
0.0050676 1103.069 17.13428 0.6973229 1602.962 17.10854
0.0051184 1103.099 17.29435 0.6970333 1602.8 17.26862
0.0051692 1103.13 17.45442 0.6967404 1602.636 17.42869
0.0052202 1103.161 17.61449 0.6961444 1602.302 17.74883
0.0053223 1103.223 17.93464 0.6958412 1602.132 17.9089
0.0053734 1103.254 18.09471 0.6955344 1601.96 18.06897
0.0054247 1103.285 18.25478 0.6952238 1601.786 18.22905
0.005476 1103.316 18.41485 0.6945914 1601.432 18.54919
0.0055788 1103.378 18.735 0.6942692 1601.251 18.70926
0.0056303 1103.409 18.89507 0.693943 1601.068 18.86933
0.0056819 1103.441 19.05514 0.6936126 1600.883 19.02941
0.0057335 1103.472 19.21521 0.6929389 1600.506 19.34955
0.005837 1103.534 19.53536 0.6925954 1600.313 19.50962
0.0058889 1103.566 19.69543 0.6922472 1600.118 19.66969
0.0059409 1103.597 19.8555 0.6918943 1599.92 19.82976
0.0059907 1103.627 20.00897 0.6914935 1599.696 20.00897

To = 1250 To = 1300
X T Z X T Z
0 1250 0 0 1300 0
0.0280522 1266.597 0.4975199 0.0907026 1353.132 0.4474033
0.0399781 1273.64 0.6575917 0.1388111 1381.133 0.6337831
0.0537268 1281.75 0.8149619 0.2276573 1432.525 0.9267999
0.0811376 1297.886 1.10224 0.2782926 1461.631 1.073836
0.0977946 1307.672 1.262312 0.3360287 1494.66 1.233908
0.11585 1318.262 1.422384 0.4455633 1556.867 1.547831
0.1575347 1342.644 1.742528 0.4937192 1584.031 1.707903
0.1819367 1356.873 1.902599 0.5276797 1603.122 1.840203
0.2092701 1372.774 2.062671 0.5693264 1626.46 2.048341
0.2399351 1390.565 2.222743 0.5942156 1640.368 2.228859
0.3121709 1432.28 2.542887 0.6151768 1652.06 2.484092
0.3534058 1455.971 2.702958 0.6228483 1656.334 2.656654
0.3969992 1480.923 2.86303 0.6275058 1658.928 2.838696
0.4414841 1506.286 3.023102 0.6301899 1660.422 3.036203
0.525842 1554.115 3.343246 0.6315963 1661.205 3.255751
0.5622312 1574.64 3.503317 0.6321937 1661.537 3.505466
0.5910132 1590.829 3.65194 0.6322907 1661.591 3.644918
0.6250992 1609.951 3.882921 0.6322188 1661.551 3.956451
0.6444135 1620.762 4.079991 0.6321014 1661.486 4.116523
0.6560696 1627.278 4.267361 0.6319569 1661.406 4.276595
0.6631411 1631.228 4.456561 0.631796 1661.316 4.436667
0.667323 1633.563 4.655725 0.6314472 1661.122 4.75681
0.6696557 1634.865 4.872168 0.6312651 1661.021 4.916882
0.6708133 1635.512 5.113776 0.6310799 1660.917 5.076954
0.6710967 1635.67 5.246951 0.6308923 1660.813 5.237026
0.6712704 1635.767 5.545645 0.6305115 1660.601 5.557169
0.67122 1635.738 5.705717 0.6303187 1660.494 5.717241
0.6711178 1635.681 5.865789 0.6301245 1660.386 5.877313
0.6709838 1635.607 6.02586 0.6299288 1660.277 6.037385
0.6706638 1635.428 6.346004 0.6295331 1660.056 6.357528
0.6704895 1635.331 6.506076 0.6293331 1659.945 6.5176
0.6703098 1635.231 6.666147 0.6291317 1659.833 6.677672
0.6701263 1635.128 6.826219 0.6289288 1659.72 6.837744
0.6697512 1634.919 7.146363 0.6285186 1659.492 7.157887
0.6695607 1634.812 7.306435 0.6283112 1659.376 7.317959
0.6693684 1634.705 7.466506 0.6281023 1659.26 7.478031
0.6691744 1634.597 7.626578 0.6278918 1659.143 7.638103
0.668782 1634.378 7.946722 0.627466 1658.906 7.958246
0.6685835 1634.267 8.106794 0.6272507 1658.786 8.118318
0.6683835 1634.155 8.266865 0.6270337 1658.665 8.27839
0.668182 1634.043 8.426937 0.626815 1658.543 8.438462
0.6677743 1633.815 8.747081 0.6263725 1658.297 8.758605
0.6675681 1633.7 8.907153 0.6261486 1658.172 8.918677
0.6673603 1633.584 9.067224 0.6259229 1658.047 9.078749
0.6671508 1633.467 9.227296 0.6256954 1657.92 9.238821
0.666727 1633.231 9.54744 0.6252348 1657.663 9.558964
0.6665126 1633.111 9.707512 0.6250017 1657.534 9.719036
0.6662964 1632.99 9.867583 0.6247666 1657.403 9.879108
0.6660785 1632.869 10.02766 0.6245295 1657.271 10.03918
0.6656373 1632.622 10.3478 0.6240492 1657.003 10.35932
0.6654139 1632.498 10.50787 0.623806 1656.868 10.51939
0.6651887 1632.372 10.66794 0.6235607 1656.731 10.67947
0.6649616 1632.245 10.82801 0.6233132 1656.593 10.83954
0.6645015 1631.988 11.14816 0.6228116 1656.314 11.15968
0.6642685 1631.858 11.30823 0.6225574 1656.172 11.31975
0.6640334 1631.727 11.4683 0.6223009 1656.029 11.47983
0.6637963 1631.594 11.62837 0.6220421 1655.885 11.6399
0.6633157 1631.326 11.94852 0.6215172 1655.593 11.96004
0.6630721 1631.19 12.10859 0.621251 1655.445 12.12011
0.6628264 1631.053 12.26866 0.6209824 1655.295 12.28018
0.6625783 1630.914 12.42873 0.6207111 1655.144 12.44026
0.6620753 1630.633 12.74888 0.6201606 1654.837 12.7604
0.6618202 1630.491 12.90895 0.6198813 1654.682 12.92047
0.6615627 1630.347 13.06902 0.6195992 1654.524 13.08054
0.6613027 1630.202 13.22909 0.6193143 1654.366 13.24062
0.6607751 1629.907 13.54923 0.6187357 1654.043 13.56076
0.6605074 1629.758 13.70931 0.6184419 1653.88 13.72083
0.660237 1629.607 13.86938 0.618145 1653.714 13.8809
0.6599639 1629.454 14.02945 0.617845 1653.547 14.04097
0.6594093 1629.144 14.34959 0.6172352 1653.207 14.36112
0.6591276 1628.987 14.50967 0.6169253 1653.035 14.52119
0.658843 1628.828 14.66974 0.6166121 1652.86 14.68126
0.6585554 1628.667 14.82981 0.6162953 1652.684 14.84133
0.6579708 1628.341 15.14995 0.6156509 1652.324 15.16148
0.6576737 1628.175 15.31002 0.6153231 1652.142 15.32155
0.6573733 1628.007 15.4701 0.6149915 1651.957 15.48162
0.6570696 1627.837 15.63017 0.614656 1651.77 15.64169
0.6564517 1627.492 15.95031 0.6139728 1651.389 15.96184
0.6561374 1627.316 16.11038 0.613625 1651.195 16.12191
0.6558194 1627.139 16.27045 0.6132729 1650.999 16.28198
0.6554977 1626.959 16.43053 0.6129163 1650.8 16.44205
0.6548426 1626.593 16.75067 0.6121895 1650.395 16.76219
0.654509 1626.406 16.91074 0.611819 1650.189 16.92227
0.6541713 1626.218 17.07081 0.6114437 1649.979 17.08234
0.6538294 1626.026 17.23089 0.6110633 1649.767 17.24241
0.6531323 1625.637 17.55103 0.610287 1649.335 17.56255
0.652777 1625.438 17.7111 0.6098907 1649.114 17.72263
 0.652417 1625.237 17.87117 0.6094889 1648.89 17.8827
0.6520521 1625.033 18.03124 0.6090814 1648.662 18.04277
0.6513075 1624.617 18.35139 0.6082484 1648.198 18.36291
0.6509275 1624.404 18.51146 0.6078226 1647.961 18.52298
0.6505421 1624.189 18.67153 0.6073904 1647.719 18.68306
0.6501511 1623.97 18.8316 0.6069515 1647.475 18.84313
0.6493521 1623.524 19.15175 0.6060531 1646.974 19.16327
0.6489437 1623.295 19.31182 0.6055931 1646.717 19.32334
0.6485291 1623.064 19.47189 0.6051256 1646.456 19.48342
0.6481082 1622.828 19.63196 0.6046503 1646.191 19.64349
0.6472464 1622.346 19.95211 0.6036755 1645.648 19.96363
0.6470904 1622.259 20.00897 0.6035347 1645.569 20.00897

To = 1325 To = 1350
X T Z X T Z
0 1325 0 0 1350 0
0.135945 1404.194 0.4266813 0.20974 1471.362 0.4631941
0.2151355 1449.878 0.6325644 0.3078274 1527.348 0.6707278
0.3386725 1520.508 0.9327157 0.4225331 1592.223 0.9509773
0.3905283 1549.93 1.06484 0.4590414 1612.74 1.062125
0.4470715 1581.864 1.224912 0.5073409 1639.787 1.246715
0.5139004 1619.411 1.461432 0.5385757 1657.222 1.413961
0.5512802 1640.322 1.646958 0.5662738 1672.645 1.65188
0.5748186 1653.457 1.816082 0.5768929 1678.549 1.811104
0.5951649 1664.79 2.061141 0.5859383 1683.574 2.063936
0.6027294 1668.999 2.228786 0.5890834 1685.321 2.249068
0.6073593 1671.573 2.40642 0.5908114 1686.28 2.45388
0.6108816 1673.532 2.703797 0.5916239 1686.731 2.685249
0.6114657 1673.856 2.814341 0.5917982 1686.828 2.813639
0.6120774 1674.196 3.058545 0.5918356 1686.849 3.103272
0.6121874 1674.257 3.342689 0.5917439 1686.798 3.263344
0.612118 1674.219 3.502761 0.5916121 1686.725 3.423416
0.6120009 1674.154 3.662833 0.5912863 1686.544 3.743559
0.6118555 1674.073 3.822905 0.5911072 1686.444 3.903631
0.6115196 1673.886 4.143048 0.5909223 1686.342 4.063703
0.6113396 1673.786 4.30312 0.5907335 1686.237 4.223775
0.6111552 1673.684 4.463192 0.5903479 1686.023 4.543918
0.6109676 1673.579 4.623264 0.5901521 1685.914 4.70399
0.6105856 1673.367 4.943407 0.5899547 1685.805 4.864062
0.6103919 1673.26 5.103479 0.5897558 1685.694 5.024134
0.6101967 1673.151 5.263551 0.5893534 1685.471 5.344277
0.61 1673.042 5.423623 0.5891501 1685.358 5.504349
0.6096023 1672.821 5.743766 0.5889453 1685.244 5.664421
0.6094013 1672.709 5.903838 0.5887391 1685.13 5.824493
0.6091989 1672.596 6.06391 0.5883222 1684.898 6.144636
0.608995 1672.483 6.223982 0.5881115 1684.781 6.304708
0.6085828 1672.254 6.544125 0.5878992 1684.663 6.46478
0.6083745 1672.138 6.704197 0.5876854 1684.545 6.624852
0.6081646 1672.021 6.864269 0.5872531 1684.305 6.944995
0.6079532 1671.904 7.024341 0.5870345 1684.183 7.105067
0.6075257 1671.666 7.344484 0.5868143 1684.061 7.265139
0.6073095 1671.546 7.504556 0.5865923 1683.938 7.425211
0.6070917 1671.425 7.664628 0.5861434 1683.688 7.745354
0.6068722 1671.303 7.8247 0.5859163 1683.562 7.905426
0.6064281 1671.056 8.144843 0.5856875 1683.435 8.065498
0.6062034 1670.931 8.304915 0.5854568 1683.307 8.225569
0.605977 1670.805 8.464987 0.58499 1683.048 8.545713
0.6057488 1670.678 8.625059 0.5847537 1682.917 8.705785
0.6052868 1670.421 8.945202 0.5845155 1682.784 8.865857
0.6050531 1670.291 9.105274 0.5842754 1682.651 9.025928
0.6048174 1670.16 9.265346 0.5837892 1682.381 9.346072
0.6045797 1670.028 9.425418 0.583543 1682.244 9.506144
0.6040984 1669.76 9.745561 0.5832948 1682.106 9.666216
0.6038547 1669.625 9.905633 0.5830444 1681.967 9.826287
0.603609 1669.488 10.0657 0.5825371 1681.685 10.14643
0.6033611 1669.35 10.22578 0.5822801 1681.543 10.3065
0.6028588 1669.071 10.54592 0.5820209 1681.399 10.46657
0.6026043 1668.929 10.70599 0.5817593 1681.253 10.62665
0.6023476 1668.786 10.86606 0.5812291 1680.959 10.94679
0.6020885 1668.642 11.02614 0.5809603 1680.809 11.10686
0.6015633 1668.35 11.34628 0.5806891 1680.659 11.26693
0.6012971 1668.202 11.50635 0.5804153 1680.507 11.42701
0.6010284 1668.053 11.66642 0.57986 1680.198 11.74715
0.6007571 1667.902 11.82649 0.5795784 1680.042 11.90722
0.6002069 1667.596 12.14664 0.579294 1679.884 12.06729
0.5999277 1667.44 12.30671 0.5790068 1679.724 12.22736
0.5996459 1667.283 12.46678 0.5784239 1679.4 12.54751
0.5993612 1667.125 12.62685 0.5781281 1679.236 12.70758
0.5987834 1666.804 12.947 0.5778293 1679.07 12.86765
0.5984901 1666.64 13.10707 0.5775273 1678.902 13.02772
0.5981938 1666.475 13.26714 0.576914 1678.561 13.34787
0.5978944 1666.309 13.42721 0.5766025 1678.388 13.50794
0.5972861 1665.97 13.74736 0.5762877 1678.213 13.66801
0.5969771 1665.798 13.90743 0.5759694 1678.036 13.82808
0.5966647 1665.625 14.0675 0.5753224 1677.676 14.14823
0.596349 1665.449 14.22757 0.5749934 1677.494 14.3083
0.5957069 1665.092 14.54771 0.5746608 1677.309 14.46837
0.5953805 1664.91 14.70779 0.5743243 1677.122 14.62844
0.5950503 1664.726 14.86786 0.5736396 1676.741 14.94858
0.5947163 1664.54 15.02793 0.5732912 1676.547 15.10866
0.5940365 1664.162 15.34807 0.5729386 1676.351 15.26873
0.5936905 1663.969 15.50815 0.5725818 1676.153 15.4288
0.5933404 1663.774 15.66822 0.5718549 1675.749 15.74894
0.5929859 1663.577 15.82829 0.5714846 1675.543 15.90902
0.5922638 1663.175 16.14843 0.5711096 1675.335 16.06909
0.5918959 1662.97 16.3085 0.5707298 1675.123 16.22916
0.5915232 1662.763 16.46858 0.5699551 1674.693 16.5493
0.5911457 1662.553 16.62865 0.5695601 1674.473 16.70937
0.5903756 1662.124 16.94879 0.5691596 1674.25 16.86945
0.5899828 1661.905 17.10886 0.5687537 1674.025 17.02952
0.5895845 1661.683 17.26894 0.5679247 1673.564 17.34966
0.5891808 1661.459 17.42901 0.5675013 1673.328 17.50973
0.588356 1660.999 17.74915 0.5670718 1673.089 17.66981
0.5879347 1660.765 17.90922 0.5666359 1672.847 17.82988
0.5875072 1660.527 18.06929 0.5657444 1672.351 18.15002
0.5870734 1660.285 18.22937 0.5652884 1672.097 18.31009
0.5861857 1659.791 18.54951 0.5648253 1671.84 18.47016
0.5857315 1659.538 18.70958 0.5643548 1671.578 18.63024
0.5852702 1659.281 18.86965 0.5633907 1671.042 18.95038
0.5848014 1659.02 19.02973 0.5628967 1670.767 19.11045
0.5838406 1658.484 19.34987 0.5623943 1670.487 19.27052
0.5833481 1658.21 19.50994 0.5618833 1670.203 19.43059
0.5828471 1657.931 19.67001 0.5608341 1669.619 19.75074
0.5823374 1657.647 19.83008 0.5602952 1669.319 19.91081
0.5817571 1657.324 20.00897 0.5599599 1669.132 20.00897
 To = 1375 To = 1400
X T Z X T Z
0 1375 0 0 1400 0
0.2735576 1532.317 0.482554 0.3353087 1591.682 0.5295183
0.3817162 1593.491 0.7164625 0.3737177 1613.29 0.6176227
0.4178952 1613.829 0.812549 0.4522948 1657.281 0.854266
0.4901089 1654.244 1.066979 0.4861462 1676.145 1.005636
0.5193927 1670.565 1.224166 0.518079 1693.894 1.228467
0.5460667 1685.398 1.453788 0.5355699 1703.597 1.456477
0.5564734 1691.176 1.609674 0.5422932 1707.322 1.617711
0.56543 1696.146 1.858893 0.5478622 1710.407 1.883672
0.5685719 1697.888 2.041945 0.5496641 1711.405 2.084074
0.5703098 1698.852 2.244598 0.5505353 1711.887 2.310094
0.5711343 1699.309 2.473455 0.5507323 1711.996 2.435236
0.5713812 1699.446 2.737395 0.5508026 1712.035 2.716616
0.5713596 1699.434 2.886297 0.5507185 1711.989 2.876524
0.571269 1699.383 3.046368 0.5505887 1711.917 3.036596
0.5711366 1699.31 3.20644 0.550258 1711.734 3.356739
0.5708068 1699.127 3.526584 0.5500741 1711.632 3.516811
0.5706249 1699.026 3.686656 0.5498837 1711.527 3.676883
0.570437 1698.922 3.846727 0.5496889 1711.419 3.836955
0.5702451 1698.816 4.006799 0.5492906 1711.198 4.157098
0.569853 1698.598 4.326943 0.5490883 1711.086 4.31717
0.5696539 1698.488 4.487015 0.5488842 1710.973 4.477242
0.5694531 1698.377 4.647086 0.5486785 1710.859 4.637314
0.5692508 1698.264 4.807158 0.5482624 1710.629 4.957457
0.5688416 1698.038 5.127302 0.5480521 1710.512 5.117529
0.5686348 1697.923 5.287374 0.5478403 1710.395 5.277601
0.5684265 1697.807 5.447445 0.547627 1710.277 5.437673
0.5682168 1697.691 5.607517 0.5471958 1710.038 5.757816
0.5677927 1697.456 5.927661 0.5469778 1709.917 5.917888
0.5675784 1697.337 6.087732 0.5467583 1709.796 6.07796
0.5673625 1697.217 6.247804 0.5465372 1709.673 6.238032
0.567145 1697.097 6.407876 0.5460899 1709.426 6.558175
0.5667053 1696.853 6.72802 0.5458638 1709.3 6.718247
0.566483 1696.73 6.888091 0.545636 1709.174 6.878319
0.5662589 1696.605 7.048163 0.5454064 1709.047 7.03839
0.5660332 1696.48 7.208235 0.544942 1708.79 7.358534
0.5655766 1696.227 7.528379 0.5447071 1708.66 7.518606
0.5653456 1696.099 7.68845 0.5444704 1708.529 7.678678
0.5651129 1695.97 7.848522 0.5442317 1708.396 7.838749
0.5648782 1695.84 8.008594 0.5437488 1708.129 8.158893
0.5644034 1695.576 8.328738 0.5435043 1707.993 8.318965
0.5641631 1695.443 8.488809 0.5432579 1707.857 8.479037
0.5639208 1695.309 8.648881 0.5430095 1707.719 8.639108
0.5636766 1695.173 8.808953 0.5425064 1707.441 8.959252
0.563182 1694.899 9.129097 0.5422517 1707.299 9.119324
0.5629316 1694.76 9.289168 0.5419948 1707.157 9.279396
0.5626791 1694.62 9.44924 0.5417357 1707.014 9.439467
0.5624244 1694.478 9.609312 0.5412108 1706.723 9.759611
0.5619084 1694.192 9.929455 0.5409449 1706.575 9.919683
0.561647 1694.047 10.08953 0.5406766 1706.427 10.07975
0.5613833 1693.901 10.2496 0.5404059 1706.277 10.23983
0.5611173 1693.753 10.40967 0.5398572 1705.973 10.55997
0.5605779 1693.454 10.72981 0.539579 1705.819 10.72004
0.5603046 1693.302 10.88989 0.5392983 1705.663 10.88011
0.5600286 1693.149 11.04996 0.5390149 1705.506 11.04019
0.5597502 1692.995 11.21003 0.5384401 1705.187 11.36033
0.5591853 1692.681 11.53017 0.5381486 1705.026 11.5204
0.5588988 1692.522 11.69025 0.5378542 1704.863 11.68047
0.5586095 1692.362 11.85032 0.5375569 1704.698 11.84054
0.5583173 1692.2 12.01039 0.5369534 1704.363 12.16069
0.5577244 1691.871 12.33053 0.5366471 1704.194 12.32076
0.5574234 1691.703 12.4906 0.5363377 1704.022 12.48083
0.5571194 1691.535 12.65068 0.536025 1703.849 12.6409
0.5568122 1691.364 12.81075 0.5353899 1703.497 12.96105
0.5561883 1691.018 13.13089 0.5350673 1703.318 13.12112
0.5558714 1690.842 13.29096 0.5347412 1703.137 13.28119
0.555551 1690.664 13.45103 0.5344116 1702.954 13.44126
0.5552272 1690.485 13.61111 0.5337413 1702.583 13.76141
0.5545689 1690.119 13.93125 0.5334006 1702.394 13.92148
0.5542342 1689.933 14.09132 0.533056 1702.203 14.08155
0.5538957 1689.745 14.25139 0.5327074 1702.01 14.24162
0.5535534 1689.555 14.41147 0.5319979 1701.616 14.56176
0.5528567 1689.169 14.73161 0.5316369 1701.416 14.72184
0.5525022 1688.972 14.89168 0.5312715 1701.213 14.88191
0.5521434 1688.773 15.05175 0.5309016 1701.008 15.04198
0.5517803 1688.571 15.21182 0.5301481 1700.59 15.36212
0.5510405 1688.16 15.53197 0.5297642 1700.378 15.5222
0.5506637 1687.951 15.69204 0.5293754 1700.162 15.68227
0.5502821 1687.739 15.85211 0.5289816 1699.943 15.84234
0.5498955 1687.524 16.01218 0.5281782 1699.498 16.16248
0.5491071 1687.087 16.33233 0.5277684 1699.271 16.32255
0.5487049 1686.863 16.4924 0.5273531 1699.04 16.48263
0.5482973 1686.637 16.65247 0.5269319 1698.807 16.6427
0.5478841 1686.407 16.81254 0.5260717 1698.329 16.96284
0.5470402 1685.939 17.13269 0.5256323 1698.086 17.12291
0.5466092 1685.699 17.29276 0.5251864 1697.838 17.28299
0.5461719 1685.456 17.45283 0.524734 1697.587 17.44306
0.5457281 1685.21 17.6129 0.5238083 1697.074 17.7632
0.5448204 1684.705 17.93305 0.5233347 1696.811 17.92327
0.544356 1684.448 18.09312 0.5228536 1696.544 18.08334
0.5438844 1684.185 18.25319 0.5223648 1696.273 18.24342
0.5434052 1683.919 18.41326 0.521363 1695.717 18.56356
0.5424234 1683.374 18.7334 0.5208495 1695.432 18.72363
0.5419201 1683.094 18.89348 0.5203271 1695.142 18.8837
0.5414084 1682.81 19.05355 0.5197957 1694.847 19.04377
0.5408878 1682.52 19.21362 0.5187043 1694.241 19.36392
0.5398187 1681.926 19.53376 0.5181435 1693.93 19.52399
0.5392697 1681.621 19.69383 0.5175723 1693.613 19.68406
0.5387104 1681.31 19.85391 0.5169902 1693.29 19.84413
0.5381585 1681.004 20.00897 0.5163789 1692.95 20.00897
 Profil Konversi terhadap Panjang Reaktor pada Setiap Variasi Inlet Temperature

Profil Konversi terhadap Panjang Reaktor

0.8
0.7
0.6
T0 = 1400 R
T0 = 1375 R
0.5
T0 = 1350 R
X

0.4 T0 = 1325 R
0.3 T0 = 1300 R T0 = 1250 R T0 = 1200 R
0.2 T0 = 1100 R
0.1
0

0510152025
z (in)

Berdasarkan grafik di atas, kita dapat melihat hubungan konversi terhadap panjang reaktor,
dengan dilakukan variasi suhu masuk reaktor. Pada suhu masuk 1100 R, konversi yang
didapatkan sangat kecil atau hampir bernilai 0, sehingga grafik pun menjadi datar. Kemudian,
dapat kita lihat bahwa suhu masuk optimum bernilai 1200 R, dengan konversi yang didapatkan
lebih tinggi, yaitu sekitar 0,7. Namun, diperlukan panjang reaktor yang lebih panjang untuk
mencapai konversi tersebut.

Profil Suhu terhadap Panjang Reaktor pada Setiap Variasi Inlet Temperature

Profil Suhu terhadap Panjang Reaktor

1800
1600
1400
1200 T0 = 1400 R
1000
T (R)

T0 = 1350 R T0 = 1325 R T0 = 1300 R T0 = 1250 R T0 = 1200 R

800 T0 = 1100 R
600
400
200
0

0510152025
z (in)
Berdasarkan grafik di atas, kita dapat melihat hubungan suhu dalam reaktor terhadap panjang
reaktor, dengan dilakukan variasi suhu masuk reaktor. Pada suhu masuk 1100 R, didapatkan suhu
dalam reaktor yang bersifat konstan. Kemudian, dapat kita lihat pada variasi suhu masuk lainnya,
didapatkan terjadi kenaikan suhu reaktor di panjang reaktor awal, dan kemudian suhu di dalam
reaktor akan cenderung konstan.

P8-27C
(Optimum inlet temperature for sulfur dioxide oxidation)
Using the same data, feed flow rate, and composition as given in example 8-10,
determine the inlet temperature that will give the maximum conversion of SO2 in existing
tubular reactor containing 2500 lb of V2O5 that is operated adiabatically. (Hint: only a slight
modification of the computer program shown in section 8.10 may be necessary to find the
optimum To)

Answer:
Melakukan Polymath untuk mendapatkan nilai Konversi Akhir pada beberapa variasi Inlet
Temperature untuk menentukan nilai Inlet Temperature yang optimum
T0 = 1000 R

T0 = 1100 R
T0 = 1120 R

T0 = 1150 R
T0 = 1160 R
T0 = 1170 R

T0 = 1180 R
T0 = 1185 R

T0 = 1190 R
T0 = 1200 R

T0 = 1220 R
T0 = 1240 R

T0 = 1250 R
T0 = 1300 R

T0 = 1350 R
T0 = 1400 R

T0 = 1500 R
T0 = 1700 R

T0 = 2000 R
Setelah mendapatkan nilai konversi akhir untuk setiap variasi inlet temperature, kemudian kita
membuat plot grafik Profil Konversi terhadap suhu inlet.

Dari simulasi yang dilakukan diketahui bahwa temperature inlet yang menghasilkan
konversi SO2 maksimum adalah pada suhu 1180 R