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Analisis Vektor 2: Listrik Magnet - 114

This document discusses vector calculus concepts including: 1. Second derivatives and the Laplacian operator. 2. Line, surface, and volume integrals and how they relate to concepts like circulation, flux, and divergence. 3. Fundamental theorems relating gradients, divergences, and curls to line and surface integrals. 4. Examples calculating various integrals and applying the fundamental theorems.

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Umiatin Ramdhani
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
35 views

Analisis Vektor 2: Listrik Magnet - 114

This document discusses vector calculus concepts including: 1. Second derivatives and the Laplacian operator. 2. Line, surface, and volume integrals and how they relate to concepts like circulation, flux, and divergence. 3. Fundamental theorems relating gradients, divergences, and curls to line and surface integrals. 4. Examples calculating various integrals and applying the fundamental theorems.

Uploaded by

Umiatin Ramdhani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Listrik Magnet -114

Analisis Vektor 2

Dr. Umiatin, M.Si

1
Second Derivatives
Second Derivatives
vector T :
 2T  2T  2T
  (T ) = (  )T =  T = 2 + 2 + 2
2
Laplac ian
x y z
  (T ) = (  )T = 0
2 v Laplac ian of a vector field. Apply 2 to each component.

3
Integral Calculus
Line Integral b

 v  dl,
aP

if a = b  v  dl = circulatio n
P
Depends on the path,
except v = V
Example : Mechanica l work
b
W = −  F  dl
a
5
Example 1.6

Calculate the line integral of v = y 2xˆ + 2 x ( y + 1) yˆ


along the two pathes from a to b.
6
7
8
Surface Integral
 v  da
S
= flux ,

da is an infinitesi mal patch of the surface,


da is perpendicu lar to this patch.

For a given boundary line there many different surfaces, on which


the surface integral depends. It is independent only if
v = 0 v = A

If the surface is closed:  v  da


S 9
Example 1.7
 ˆ + + ˆ + − 3)zˆ )  da
2
( 2 xzx ( x 2 ) y y ( z
exclude ( vi )

2 2

10
2

2 2

11
2

2 2

12
Volume Integral

 T ( x, y, z)d
V
d = dxdydz

 vd = xˆ  v d + yˆ  v d +zˆ  v d
x y z

13
Example 1.8

 d
2
xyz
prism

14
15
Fundamental Theorem
Fundamental Theorem for Gradients
b

 T  dl = T (b) − T (a),
aP
if a = b  T  dl = 0
P

▷ The line integral does not depend on the path P.

Example : Mechanica l work


b b
W = −  F  dl =  V  dl = V ( b ) − V ( a )
a a
17
Example 1.9
b

  )  dl
2 along I-II and III
( xy
a

18
Fundamental Theorem for Divergences

▷ (also Gauss’s or Green’s theorem)

 (  v)d =  v  da
V S

▷ The surface S encloses the volume V.

19
20
Example 1.10
▷ Check the divergence theorem for

v = y 2xˆ + (2 xy + z 2 ) yˆ + (2 xy)zˆ

21
Fundamental Theorem for Curls

▷ (also Stokes’ theorem)

 (  v)  da =  v  dl
S P

The path P is the boundary of the surface S.


The integral does not depend on S.

 (  v)  da = 0
22
You must do it in a consistent way!

23
Example 1.11

Check Stokes’ Theorem for

v = (2 xz + 3 y 2 ) yˆ + (4 yz 2 )zˆ

24
Tugas 2. Dikumpulkan 8 Maret 2021

1. Tentukan Laplacian dari

2. Calculate the volume integral of the function T = z2


over the tetrahedron with corner (0,0,0) , (1,0,0),
(0,1,0), and (0,0,1).
25

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