_____________________________________________________________

______________________________________( Title of your Research)

A Qualitative Research
Presented to the
Faculty of Senior High School
FATIMA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Fatima, General Santos City

In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements in the Subject
Practical Research 1

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Researchers
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Date Accomplished
 Abstract

Put your abstract here (do this last).

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 Table of Contents

Keywords.................................................................................................................. iii
Abstract..................................................................................................................... iii
Table of Contents......................................................................................................iii
List of Figures........................................................................................................... iii
List of Tables............................................................................................................. iii
List of Abbreviations..................................................................................................iii
Statement of Original Authorship..............................................................................iii
Acknowledgements...................................................................................................iii
Chapter 1: Introduction.............................................................................3
1.1 Background......................................................................................................3
1.2 Context............................................................................................................. 3
1.3 Purposes.......................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Significance, Scope and Definitions.................................................................3
1.5 Thesis Outline..................................................................................................3
Chapter 2: Literature Review....................................................................3
2.1 Historical Background [optional].......................................................................3
2.2 Topic 1............................................................................................................. 3
2.3 Topic 2............................................................................................................. 3
2.4 Topic 3............................................................................................................. 3
2.5 Summary and Implications...............................................................................3
Chapter 3: Research Design.....................................................................3
3.1 Methodology and Research Design..................................................................3
3.2 Participants......................................................................................................3
3.3 Instruments......................................................................................................3
3.4 Procedure and Timeline...................................................................................3
3.5 Analysis............................................................................................................ 3
3.6 Ethics and Limitations......................................................................................3
Chapter 4: Results......................................................................................3
Chapter 5: Analysis....................................................................................3
Chapter 6: Conclusions.............................................................................3
Bibliography....................................................................................................3
Appendices.....................................................................................................3
Appendix A Title........................................................................................................ 3

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 List of Figures

[The List of Figures can be created automatically and updated with the F9 key – refer to
Thesis PAM.]

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iv
 List of Tables

[The List of Tables can be created automatically and updated with the F9 key – refer to
Thesis PAM.]

No table of figures entries found.

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 List of Abbreviations

If appropriate, list any abbreviations used in the thesis.

vi
 Acknowledgements

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Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION

The introduction chapter needs to state the objectives of the program of

research, include definitions of the key concepts and variables and give a
brief outline of the background and research approach. The aim of the
introduction is to contextualise the proposed research.

In the opening paragraph, give an overall view of what is included in the

chapter. For example:

This chapter outlines the background (section 1.1) and context (section
1.2) of the research, and its purposes (section 1.3). Section 1.4 describes the
significance and scope of this research and provides definitions of terms
used. Finally, section 1.5 includes an outline of the remaining chapters of the
thesis.

1.1 BACKGROUND

Give the background of the problem to be explored in your study and

what led you to doing the thesis. For example, you might discuss educational
trends related to the problem, unresolved issues, social concerns. You might
also include some personal background.

1.2 CONTEXT

Outline the context of the study (i.e., the major foci of your study) and
give a statement of the problem situation (basic difficulty – area of concern,
felt need).

1.3 PURPOSES

Define the purpose and specific aims and objectives of the study.
Emphasise the practical outcomes or products of the study. Delineate the
research problem and outline the questions to be answered or the
overarching objectives to be achieved.

Chapter 5: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS

Discuss the importance of your research in terms of the topic (problem

situation), the methodology, and the gap in the literature. Outline the scope
and delimitations of the study (narrowing of focus).

Define and discuss terms to be used (largely conceptual here;

operational definitions may follow in Research Design chapter).

1.5 THESIS OUTLINE

Outline the chapters for the remainder of your thesis.

2 Chapter 5: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 Chapter 2:
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Introductory Statement

RELATED LITERATURE

RELATED STUDIES

The literature review chapter should demonstrate a thorough knowledge

of the area and provide arguments to support the study focus. The aim of the
literature review chapter is to delineate various theoretical positions and from
these to develop a conceptual framework for generation of hypotheses and
setting up the research question. The literature review chapter needs to:

 Critically evaluate the literature rather than merely describe

previous literature (i.e., what is good/bad about the body of
literature?).

 Show a synthesis and be integrated rather than being more like an

annotated bibliography.

 Identify key authors and the key works in the area, thus acquainting
the reader with existing studies relative to what has been found,
who has done work, when and where latest research studies were
completed and what approaches to research methodology were
followed (literature review of methodology sometimes saved for
chapter on methodology).

 Constitute an argument.

 Clearly identify the gap in the literature that is being addressed by

the research question.

Suitable sources for the literature review include:

Chapter 5: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 3
  General integrative reviews cited that relate to the problem situation
or research problem such as those found in psychological and
sociological reviews of research.

 Specific books, monographs, bulletins, reports, and research

articles – preference shown in most instances for literature of the
last 10 years.

 Unpublished materials (e.g., dissertations, theses, papers

presented at recent professional meetings not yet in published form,
etc.).

The literature review chapter can be arranged in terms of the questions

to be considered or objectives/purposes set out in the Introduction chapter.

Start with an overview of this chapter by outlining the topics to be

discussed. For example [your thesis may have more than 3 topics and
therefore more sections]:

This chapter begins with a historical background [optional] (section 2.1)

and reviews literature on the following topics: [topic 1] (section 2.2) [briefly
describe the topic]; [topic 2] (section 2.3) [briefly describe the topic]; and
[topic 3] (section 2.4) [briefly describe the topic]. Section 2.5 highlights the
implications from the literature and develops the conceptual framework for
the study.

2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND [OPTIONAL]

2.2 TOPIC 1

Present and discuss your first topic.

2.3 TOPIC 2

Present and discuss your second topic.

2.4 TOPIC 3

Present and discuss your third topic.

4 Chapter 5: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

2.5 SUMMARY AND IMPLICATIONS

Summarise the literature review and discuss the implications from the
literature for your study – the theoretical framework for your study. Here you
can make an explicit statement of the hypotheses, propositions or research
questions and how they are derived from existing theory and literature.
Establish from the literature (or gap in the literature) the need for this study
and the likelihood of obtaining meaningful, relevant, and significant results.
Outline any conceptual or substantive assumptions, the rationale and the
theoretical framework for the study. Explain the relationships among
variables or comparisons, and issues to be considered. This section should
demonstrate the contribution of the research to the field, and be stated in a
way that leads to the methodology.

Chapter 5: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5

 SYNTHESIS

6 Chapter 5: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Chapter 3:METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the research methodology as it applies to the research
questions. It includes the research design, research procedure and research
instruments used to explore the meaning of the data, and the research locale.
Research Design

This chapter of the thesis should outline the design and methodology of
your research. The basis for the choice of research method should be
whether it will help you answer your research question(s).

Give an overview of what is to be included in this chapter. For example:

This chapter describes the design adopted by this research to achieve

the aims and objectives stated in section 1.3 of Chapter 1 [if you wish, you
can restate those objectives]. Section 3.1 discusses the methodology [to be]
used in the study, the stages by which the methodology was [will be]
implemented, and the research design; section 3.2 details the participants in
the study; section 3.3 lists all the instruments [to be] used in the study and
justifies their use; section 3.4 outlines the procedure [to be] used and the
timeline for completion of each stage of the study; section 3.5 discusses how
the data was [will be] analysed; finally, section 3.6 discusses the ethical
considerations of the research and its [potential] problems and limitations.

3.1 METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH DESIGN

3.1.1 Methodology
Discuss the methodology [to be] used in your study (e.g., experimental,
quasi-experimental, correlational, casual-comparative, survey, discourse,
case study, analysis, action research). If using stages, outline them here. The
methods used must link explicitly to the research question and must be
suited to the nature of the question. Discuss any methodological
assumptions.

Chapter 5: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7

3.1.2 Research Design
Outline the research design (e.g., quantitative, qualitative). If
quantitative, spell out the independent, dependent and classificatory
variables (and sometimes formulate an operational statement of the research
hypothesis in null form so as to set the stage for an appropriate research
design permitting statistical inferences). If qualitative, explain and support the
approach taken and briefly discuss the data gathering procedures that were
[will be] used (observations, interviews, etc.)

3.2 PARTICIPANTS

Give details of who were [will be] the participants in your study
(including, if applicable, sample type and size, reasons for the number
selected and the basis for selection).

3.3 INSTRUMENTS

List and briefly describe all the instruments (e.g., tests, measures,
surveys, observations, interviews, questionnaires, artefacts) [to be] used in
your study for data collection and discuss their theoretical underpinnings, that
is, justify why you used [will be using] these instruments. So that the line of
argument is not broken, it is useful to place copies of instruments in
Appendices to which this section can refer.

3.4 PROCEDURE AND TIMELINE

Outline the procedure across and within the techniques [to be] used in
your study for collecting and recording data. This could include how, when (in
what order) and where the instruments were [will be] administered (for
example, field, classroom or laboratory procedures, instructions to
participants or distribution of materials) and how the data was [will be]
recorded. Include the rationale for the procedures used. If the study was [is to
be] done in stages, give a timeline for the completion of each stage.

3.5 ANALYSIS

Discuss how the data was [will be] processed and analysed (e.g.,
statistical analysis, discourse analysis). This section needs to link the

8 Chapter 5: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

analysis of the research to the methods and demonstrate why this is the best
approach to analysis. For qualitative research, justification needs to be
provided for methods such as coding and dealing with divergent data. For
quantitative research, justification of the choice of statistics and the expected
results that they will provide [confirmation document] should be described.
There should be enough detail for the reader to replicate the analysis. For
example, “NVivo or SPSS will be used” is not adequate. Rather, the
approach to coding, including how categories were [will be] derived and
validated, how the data was [will be] structured, and specific analytical
techniques applied, should be included.

3.6 ETHICS AND LIMITATIONS

Outline the ethical considerations of the research and any [potential]

problems and limitations (weaknesses), as well as any [anticipated or actual]
threats to the validity of the results.

Chapter 5: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 9

Chapter 4:PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS,
AND INTERPRETATION OF
DATA
This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis and interpretation of
the data gathered with the process described in the previous chapter.
Specifically, this chapter presents the results of the research questions stated
in the first chapter of this study.

Chapter 4 details all the results of your study. You can put some
analysis of the results here, but generally just the results are presented,
without interpretation, inference, or evaluation (which will be in Chapter 5).
The results should be linked inextricably to the design – describe what
happened factually and unemotively. However, in certain historical, case-
study and anthropological investigations, factual and interpretive material
may be interwoven rather than being presented as “findings”.

Include a paragraph at the beginning of the Results chapter outlining

the structure of the chapter. The results should be reported with respect to
furnishing evidence for your research question(s) as outlined in Chapter 1.
Thus, you might choose to use headings that correspond to each main
question of your hypothesis/objectives from Chapter 1 and/or your theoretical
framework from Chapter 2. Or you might organise your results in terms of the
stages of the study (if applicable).

Present the findings/results in tables or charts when appropriate,

making sure to use correct APA formatting for any tables used (refer to
Thesis PAM for further guidance on formatting).

Chapter 5: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 11

Chapter 5: SUMMARY, FINDINGS,
CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

Chapter 5 contains a full discussion, interpretation and evaluation of the

results with reference to the literature. This chapter can also include theory
building.

As with the previous chapters, include a paragraph at the beginning

summarising the structure of the chapter. Organise the chapter in terms of
the objectives of the study and/or the theoretical framework. For each
objective, discuss the results with reference to the literature, for example, the
similarities/differences to the findings in the literature review. Develop theory
or models from this comparison and evaluation.

It can be useful to check your literature and try to find a place for as
much of the literature as you can. If you find that a section of your literature
can not be used in this chapter, it may be useful to consider the pertinence of
this literature and reduce the space in the literature chapter given to it.

Thus your research outcomes are tied together in relation to the theory,
review of the literature, and rationale.

Chapter 5: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 13

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14 Chapter 5: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

REFERENCES

American Psychological Association (APA). (2010). Publication Manual of

the American Psychological Association (6th Ed.). Washington, DC:
Author.

The bibliography and all in-text citations must conform to APA style.

Appendices 15
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16 REFERENCES
Appendices

Appendix A

Title

Start each appendix on a new page. Place appendices in the same order as
they are referred to in the body of the thesis. That is, the first appendix
referred to should be Appendix A, the second appendix referred to should be
Appendix B, and so on. Appendix formatting can be different to the main
document. Refer to Thesis PAM for information about appendix figures and
tables.

Appendices 17