MANDIRI PRACTICUM REPORT

REPRODUCTION SYSTEM
ON FISH

ARRANGED BY :

ABDULLAH (01)

CLASS: TPS 1A

WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY

JAKARTA FISHERIES BUSINESS EXPERT POLITEKNIK

2020
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION............................................... .................................................. ...

1.1 BACKGROUND............................................... ..........................................

1.2 PRACTICAL OBJECTIVES ............................................... ..........................................

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................. ...........................................

2.1 FISH REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM .............................................. ..........................

2.2 MATH RATE OF GONAD FISH ............................................. ..........

CHAPTER II METHOD OF PRACTICE ............................................... ...............................................

3.1 TIME AND PLACE .............................................. ......................................

3.2 TOOLS AND MATERIALS .............................................. .............................................

3.3 HOW TO WORK ............................................... .................................................. ..

CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ............................................. ...................................

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION ............................................... .................................................. .....

BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................ .................................................. ........

PRELIMINARY

1.1. Background

The success of a fish species is determined by the ability of the fish to reproduce in changing

environmental conditions and the ability to maintain its population. The reproductive function in fish is basically a part

of the reproductive system which consists of components of the genital glands or gonads, where in female fish it is

called the ovary, while in males it is called the testes and their ducts. While some endocrine glands have a role in

regulating the reproductive system (Hoar & Randall, 1983). Fish are members of poikilothermic (cold-blooded) that

live in water and breathe with their gills. Fish are the most diverse vertebrate group with more than 27,000 species

worldwide. To continue offspring, of course, fish need to reproduce. The ovary in fish consists of many eggs. Each

type of fish has its own egg size, some are large and some are small. Egg size will determine the number of eggs a

parent has. Fish that have a large egg size, for example Tilapia and Arowana, will have a smaller number of eggs

compared to fish with small eggs such as Betta and Goldfish. This is due to the capacity the parent has to

accommodate eggs. The size of fish eggs is largely determined by the size of the yolk. The larger the yolk, the

greater the chance for the embryo to survive. The testes are male reproductive organs that are paired and located

under the spine. Fish testes are shaped like bags with folds, and are covered with a layer of spermatogenic cells

(spermatocytes). The pair of testes in the male will begin to enlarge at the time of mating, and the male sperm

moves through the vas deferens to the urogenital opening. The testes number a pair, suspended on the middle wall

of the abdominal cavity by the mesortium. Oval shape with a rough surface.

Most of the testes are long and often lobbed. The reproductive tract, in Elasmoranchi, some of the anterior

mesonephric tubules will become afferent ducts and connect the testes with mesonephrus, which are called deferent

dutus. The posterior part of the afferent duct dilates to form the seminal vesicles, from which a sperm sac is formed.

Dutus deferen will lead to the cloaca. In Teleostei the channels from the excretory system and the reproductive

system go to the cloaca separately.

The purpose of this practicum is so that we can find out the reproductive system in fish and in order to

know the reproductive organs (primary and secondary) in fish and to be able to distinguish between male and female

sex in fish. The fish used is tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Fish Reproductive System

Fish reproduce externally. In doing so, male and female fish will approach each other, then the female fish

will issue eggs. Then, the male fish will release his sperm, the sperm and eggs will mix in the water (which is called

oviparus). If a population consists of fish that have different sexualities, it is called the population.

a. Ovaries

In the Teleost group there is a pair of ovaries that are elongated and compact. The ovaries consist of

oogonia and supporting tissue or stroma. They are suspended in the upper part of the body cavity by

means of mesovaria, under or beside the swim bladder (if any. Their size and development in the body

cavity varies with the degree of maturity. At maturity the ovaries can reach 70% of their body weight. Most

of the time they are still alive. Young, whitish in color and yellowish when ripe.In chondrichtyes, the oviduct

(Mullerian duct) with an inlet (ostium tubes abdominalis) at the end is located at the front of the body cavity.

b. Test test

The testes (male gonads) are internal and longitudinal in shape, generally in pairs. Lamprey and Hagfishes

have single testes. In Chodrichtyhes, often one gonad is larger than the other. These testes depend on the

upper part of the body cavity by means of the mesorchium, under or beside the gas bubble (if any). They

are composed of follicles where spermatozoa develop. The size and color of the gonads vary depending on

the degree of maturity with a weight of up to 12% or more of their body weight. Most of the testes are

yellowish white and smooth. Before arriving at the discharge hole (urogenital pore), spermatozoa originate

from
 The testes first pass through the vasa efferentia, epididymis, vasa defferentia, seminal vesicles, urogenital

sinus, and urogenital papilla in Chondrichthyes. On the seminal side of the vesicle and / or sperm sac,

there are only a few fish.

2.2 Maturity Level of Fish Gonads

Gonads are reproductive organs that function to produce sex cells (gametes). The gonads found in the body of

male fish are called testes, which function to produce spermatozoa, while gonads found in female fish are called

ovaries, which produce eggs (ovum). Observation about the stages of fish gonad maturity can be done

morphologically and histologically. Gonad maturity levels in several stages, namely:

a. Virgin

The sexual organs are very small close together under the spine, testes and ovaries transparent, from

colorless to gray. Eggs are not visible to the naked eye.

b. Dara Evolves

Testes and ovaries clear, gray red. It is half or less in length than the length of the lower cavity. One egg at

a time can be seen with a magnifying glass.

c. Development I

The testes and ovaries are ovoid, reddish in color with capillaries. The gonads fill roughly half the space to

the bottom. Eggs can look like white powder.

d. Development II

Testicles reddish white, no sperm if

the stomach is pressed. The ovaries are reddish orange in color. Eggs can be distinguished clearly, they

are ovoid in shape. The ovaries fill about two-thirds of the lower space.

e. Pregnant

Sexual organs fill the lower space. White testes, sperm droplets when pressed on the stomach. The eggs

are round in shape, some of these eggs are clear and ripe.

f. Mijah

Eggs and sperm come out with a little pressure on the stomach. Most eggs are clear in color with some

that are ovate living in the ovary.

The gonads are not completely empty, no eggs are ovoid. Copy

h.

The testes and ovaries are empty and red. Some of the eggs are in a re-suction state.

i. Restore Copy

The testes and ovaries are clear, gray red.

CHAPTER III

PRACTICAL METHOD

3.1 Time and Place

Practicum will be held on Monday and Tuesday, November 03, 2020 at

13.00 to November 4, 2020, 08.00 s / d at their respective homes.

3.2 Tools and Materials

The tools and materials used at this practicum can be seen in the following table:

Table 1. Tools and materials used in the 3rd independent practice

No. Tool and Material Name Uses

1. Tool

Lup To see the reproductive organs. To

Scalpel dissect fish

Tweezers

Ruler To measure fish

Cutting board To place the fish and reproductive organs being observed

Stationary Record observations

2 material

Goldfish (Cyprinus carpio) male. Fish observed. Goldfish (Cyprinus

carpio), female. Fish

The work procedures carried out to observe the reproductive organs in fish are as follows:

a. Prepare male and female catfish.

b. Observe the morphological differences in male and female sex (color, shape, and size).

c. Surgical the fish until you see the contents of the stomach and make sure the position of each organ has not changed.

d. Observe the genital organs and note the differences.

e. Photo of fish before surgery and their reproductive organs.

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

No. Types of Fish Parameters Observed

1 Male Tilapia (Oreochromis Before surgery: niloticus)

a) Color: Yellowish White

b) Shape: Wide and Fat

c) Length: 24.5 cm

d) Photos of fish with their genitals visible (supine)

a) Gonad color: Yellowish White

b) Gonad shape: Elongated

c) Gonad length: 11 cm

d) Photos of fish gonads:

2 Female Tilapia (Oreochromis Before surgery: niloticus)

a) Color: Black and White

b) Shape: Elongated and Slim

c) Length: 17 cm

d) Photos of fish with their genitals visible (supine)

a) Gonad color: Yellow

b) Gonad shape: oval

c) Gonad length: 7.5 cm

d) Photos of fish gonads:

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

The reproductive function in fish is basically a part of the reproductive system which consists of components of the

genital glands or gonads, where in female fish it is called the ovary, while in males it is called the testes and their

ducts. In principle, sexuality in fish consists of two sexes, namely male and female. Male fish are fish that have

sperm-producing organs, while female fish are fish that have egg-producing organs. Primary sexual characteristics

in fish are characterized by the presence of organs that are directly related to the reproductive process, namely the

ovaries and vessels in female fish, and testes with vessels in male fish. Secondary sexual characteristics are

external signs that can be used to differentiate between male and female fish.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alamsyah, S.1974.Ickthiology Systematics (Ichtyologi-I), Higher Education Improvement / Development Project, IPB.

Rahardjo, MF 1980. Ichthyology. Department of Aquatic Biology. Faculty of Fisheries. IPB.

Mukti. 2007. Comparison of Gonad Growth and Development.

Anonymous. 2006. "Teaching Materials for Ichtiology Subjects". Hasanuddin University Makasar: Makassar.

Fujaya. Yushinta. 2004. "Fish Physiology", Jakarta.