Markets and competitors

Markets The tnnrket is booming. (= doing very well)

There are three basic areas of business. It's n huge ntarket. (= very big)
It's a niche market. (=sma ll and specialized)
• B2C (the business-to-consumer market: food
'fhe 11u1rket is sluggish at the 1110111e11t. (= slo>v)
retailing/ consumer electronics, etc.)
We say . ..
• B2B (the business-to-business market: making parts
n product is on the 111nrkel
for the auto industry I consultancy, etc.) •
n co111pnny is in lite 111nrkel
B2C (the business to government market: defence
there can be a rnnrket fo r n particular product
and aerospace/big infrastructure projects, etc.) .
you hope to increase your share of the market
There are many other ways that a company can define the total rnnrket is worth €80 111illio11 a year
its market.
• The type of product (eg the mobile phon e market, Competitors
•
the property market, the stock market). Other companies who have similar products to yours
• A particular place (eg the German market). are competitors. Competitors can be bigger or s maller
. .
1n variou s \.\ ays:
• A particular group of people (eg teenage girls who 1

like fashion, single professionals who like going out Revenue(= money from sales).
with their friends, families with young children). Market share.
Usually a company will have different products aimed Number of employees.
at different sections /segments of the market. For Sales and distribution network.
example, to target different income levels a company The largest company is the market leader, but it is
might offer an economy model, a standard model and not always clear who this is. For example there may
an executive model. be a different leader for different product lines or in
In the world of finance there are several specific different markets.
markets: the stock market, the bond market, the foreign Here are some adjectives often used vvith the vvords
exchange market, the commodity market, and others. 'competitor', 'competition' and 'competitive'.
In finance a rising market is called a bull market, and a
closest I direct / 111ai11 I111ajor I nearest competitor
falling market is called a bear market.
fair, fierce I strong I tough, hen/thy, open competition
extrernely I highly I fiercely competitive
Tlte iPhorze is our direct competitor.
There is fierce competition, but it's healthy for the
1nnrket because consumers benefit.
Retail banking is highly competitive.
We say ...
co111pete against another co111pany
win nn order agains t the co111petitio11
be in competition with other co111pnnies
there is cornpetition among/between con1panies
face co111petition from other co111pa11ies
Here is a list of adjectives that are often used with the conzpete for a rnarket
word 'market'. to succeed in business you need n competitive edge/
.
boonzing I expanding I gro1.ving, co111petitive, declining, competitive advantage (= so1nething that you do
do111estic, existing, foreign, free, global I international I better than other com panies in the same market)
worldwide, healthy, huge, nu1in, n1nss, niche/specialist,
potential, profitable, protected, sluggish, total, wide

1 Read the text for general understanding. 3 Highlight words you know passively, but don' t use
2 Read it again and underline the words you don't know. actively. Choose some to write sentences of your own.
Check their meaning. 4 Check pronunciation at macmillandictionary.com

16
 6 MARKETS AND COMPETITORS
Exercises

6.1 Underline the correct word in italics. 6.4 Complete each sentence with one of these words:
1 Our biggest market is the France I French market. competitor, competition, competitive, competitiveness.
2 We're a 828 I 82C company We sell specialist 1 We have a patent on this technology. It gives us a very
equipment to the telecommunicat ions industry. important . .. ___ advantage.
3 The price of oil was around $23 a barrel in 2001 and 2 The long-term of our economy depends
2002 . Today th e figure is over $100. There's no doubt on t raining and innovation.
that oil is in a long-term bear I bull market. 3 Another brand of cola isn't a good idea - there would be
4 We publish e-magazines for various mass I niche very strong __ ·-____ from Coke and Pepsi .
markets such as stamp collecting and extreme sports. 4 Our closest _ _ . ·- has improved their
5 The Latin American pharmaceuticals market is worth I distribut ion network and is winning market share.
values $50 billion a year.
6.5 Complete the report extract written by the
6 We have been in I on t he market for over 20 years.
Marketing Director of a large supermarket chain. Use
7 This product has been in I on the market since April.
the words in the box.
8 It's a small company but we're growing fast. We hope
.-• ··--- ....
to increase our part I share of the market to around leader line price position
10°/o within the next three years. research trend decline entered
9 Panasonic, Samsung and Sony are direct competitors/ take over withdraw from
- - · - - · - - - - - ------· - . --- ----- ·-·-··
~

concurrents in the HDTV market.

10 The airline industry is high I highly competitive. We've spent the last month doing extensive market
11 We were in competition from I with six ot her l ·--·--· -··-·····- - talking to customers in-store and
companies, but we gave the best presentation to their asking them how we can improve our service. This
management team and won the contract. research shows that customers want two things: first,
12 In our market we front I face a lot of competition f rom more ready-made food, and second, better quality
low-cost producers in Asia. organic food.
In relation to the first point, we know that the
6.2 Match a word describing a market on the left with
market for ready-made food is growing rapidly. It
a word with a similar meaning in the middle and their
already accounts for 8% of our total sales, up from
opposite on the right. 5% just three years ago. This 2 is likely
1 domestic open declining to continue, as the pressures of work mean that
2 existing expanding foreign people have less and less time to cook meals for
3 free current mass themselves. This doesn't mean that sales of fresh
4 growing home potential fruit and vegetables will disappear; it just means that
5 huge specialist protected they are likely to slowly 3 _ _ _ __
6 niche enormous small This leads to the second point: organic food. We
4 this market about ten years ago, and
6.3 Complete the sentences with a word from the for a time sales were very strong. It even looked as
left or right column in Exercise 6.2. Ignore the middle if organic food would 5 . the fruit and
column. vegetable market. However sales peaked and have now
1 In the next few decades nanotechnology is going to open fallen to low levels.
up .. huge new markets in the areas of med icine, The problem is that organic food is expensive - its
electronics and energy production a_ .. . . . . . will always be significantly higher than
2 We have to pay a lot of import duties to sell goods in non-organic. This doesn't fit well with' our market
7
their country, and t heir own domestic companies get a . . ··-······ . as a value-for-money supermarket with

lot of government help. It's a very ----·- market lower prices than our competitors. Given the low
over there. · levels of sales, one option would be to 8 . _ _ _ __
3 Why waste resources trying to enter new markets? Our the organic food market completely. However,
market is very big, and we need to I think this would be a mistake. We are the market
establish our brand name at home firs t. 9 -·-···· .. ..... and we can't simply stop selling this

4 In the old days we used to talk about the ' product 10 _____ -· ..... . This matter needs further
market' - that means your products are aimed at discussion.
everyone. These days it's different - we have d ifferent
products for different sectors. See page 146 for some discussion topics.
5 In my business there's very little interference or regulation
from governments. It's a . . . _ . . . _ market!

Markets, products and customers 17

 Marketing - the four Ps

What is marketing? Place

There is a well-known phrase that identifies the various This refers to the distribution channel, often referred to in
areas of marketing. The phrase is 'the four Ps', and the marketing simply as 'the channel'. A customer can find a
Ps stand for product, price, place and promotion. product in a retail outlet, such as a store or supermarket,
but how did the product get there? What logistics
Product operations were necessary (warehousing, handling,
For a marketer, the most important things about a transportation)? How many intermediaries were there?
product are the following. Was there a distributor? an agent? a wholesaler?
• Its features (= important and interesting things that All these people - logistics companies, intermediaries
will help to sell it). and retailers - are referred to as the 'channel partners'.
• Its benefits(= how those features translate into a Direct marketing is a type of marketing with no
•
better experience for the user). Marketers often intermediaries or outlets - it 'cuts out the middleman'.
use the phrase 'value proposition' to mean the key Direct marketing includes email marketing, catalogue
benefits of the product. shopping, direct mail, door-to-door leaflets, etc.
• Its USPs (=unique selling points, in other words
In the future m-commerce (using mobile devices as
features that the competitors' products don't have).
a shopping platform) will grow and take its place
Price alongside e-commerce (using a computer).
A high price says to the market, 'this product is high- Promotion
quality and exclusive'. If the quality really is good,
There are many different forms of promotion.
and people enjoy the feeling of owning the brand, then
some consumers will pay the high price. However, a • Online advertising (banner ads, flash animations,
high price often means fewer sales and less market and search marketing that uses links on the results
share, and so identifying the exact price point for a page of a search engine).
product is an important issue. Usually a company has • Ads in the media (TV, magazines, newspapers).
different products with different price points aimed at • Outdoor advertising (billboards, buses).
different segments of the market. • Promotional materials (brochures, catalogues,
leaflets, flyers).
We say ...
• Sponsorship (eg associating your logo with one
We need to set our price points carefully. (=charge as
particular football team).
much as possible without damaging sales)
• Sales promotions (special offers such as 'buy-one-
The cost price to us was €40, and rve sell it in our stores for
get-one-free', coupons/vouchers, etc).
€80, so the margin (= percentage profit) is 100% and
• Public relations.
the mark-up (= amount added) is €40.
• Word-of-mouth (especially important in the age of
The recommended retail price (US: MSRP -
social networks on the Internet).
manufacturer's suggested retail price) is €399, but
• Trade shows/trade fairs (especially in B2B).
you can often find it at a discounted price.
Our prices range from €1,250 for tile standard/ economy We say ...
rnodel to €1,950 for the deluxe/executive rnodel. run an advertising carnpaign
We need to cut/bring down/lower our prices. place an ad online/in a rnagazine
We need to increase/put up/raise our prices. make a TV cornmercial
We charge €65 per hour for our services. sponsor an event/ a sports teanz
Our f ee will be €8,450, all included. attend a trade fair

Read the text for general understanding. 3 Highlight words you know passively, but don't use
., Read it again and underline the words you don't know. actively. Choose some to write sentences of your own.
Check their meaning. 4 Check pronunciation at macmillandictionary.com

18
Exercises 7 MARKETING - THE FOUR Ps

7 1 Complete the text about a pizza service using the 7 4 Make w ord partnerships by matching an item
words in the box. from each column. One solution uses each word once.
1 value campaign
coupon delivery difference guaranteed
2 price \ channel
leaflet offer online range 3 retail engine
4 distribution '\ partner
Near to my house there are two or three pizza 5 channel \ point
stores, all offering home 1 J 11 r . I usually 6 public outlet
choose Pizza Place - I love their pizzas. They have a 7 search '- proposition
much better 2 of toppings than the others. 8 advertising relations
and their pizzas are thin and crispy so you really taste
7 5 Complete the sentences with a word partnership
the topping not the base. They put a 3 _ _ _ __
from Exercise 7.4.
through my door most weeks. and there's always some
kind of special 4 ____ . For example, you can
1 Looking at the competition, I think we should try a
different nr -_f " . Let's sell it for €49 instead
cut out a 5 and use it in the store to get
special deals on desserts and drinks. There's a code of €54 and see what difference it makes.
printed on the coupon so you can use it over the 2 In the summer we're going to run an ______ _
phone or to order 6_ _ . And every Monday across various media: online, TY and magazines.
they have a 'buy-one-get-one-free' offer. But the best 3 I think we need to expand our range of
thing about Pizza Place is their 7 _ delivery - - - s to include small local shops.
time. They say that if they don't deliver in 30 minutes or 4 As an online retailer, the logistics company we work with
less, it's free. None of the other pizza stores offer that, is a very important --- . We use their
and when you're hungry it makes a 8_ _ _ __ warehousing services as well as their delivery services.
5 When people type 'Rome hotel', we want our name to
appear on the first page of the _ results.
7 .2 Use the text in Exercise 7.1 to underline the
correct word in 1- 2 below. 7 .6 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box.
1 Thin, crispy pizzas are a feature I benefit.
aim at attend charge handle
2 Being able to taste the topping not the base is a
place ~ sponsor translate
feature I benefit.

7.3 Fill in the missing letters. 1 We need to the right price point to maximize
1 If the quality is good and people enjoy the feeling of profits - not too high and not too low.
owning the b .. d, then some consumers will pay a 2 The consultants' fees are very high. They spent two days
higher price. in the company and then ___ d us €2,400 for a
2 Usually a company has different products aimed at report which said nothing new.
different seg ___ts of the market. 3 Our advertising budget is limited and we have to be very
3 The cost price to us is €200 and we sell it in our store careful about where we this ad.
for €300. So the m___ in is SOo/o and the m__ k-up 4 We have a reputation for high quality and high prices.
is €100. But in the current economic climate I think we also need
4 Our prices ra e from €600 to €900, depending on the to _ the value-oriented shopper.
model. 5 It's possible to make this product with all sorts of
5 Professionals offering a personalized service, such as additional features. The question is this: do those features
___ into benefits for the customer?
lawyers, don't really use the word 'price' with clients.
Instead they say 'f __ '. 6 The cost of the stand is very high, but we have to
6 We ch e €90 per hour for our services. ····-·-··--- the Frankfurt trade fair every year. It's the
7 Between the manufacturer and the end-user there are best place to meet all our customers at one time.
just two inter___iaries: a distributor and a retailer. 7 In order to attract wealthy clients from the local area
8 We use various retail out___s, including large I think we should the next season at the
Opera House.
supermarkets, small neighbourhood shops and kiosks.
9 Billboards are an example of door advertising. 8 A lot of customers are calling to complain about
10 In the age of social networks such as Facebook• damaged goods. We need to investigate how they're
w_ -of-m __th marketing is very important. - ____ d at the warehouse and in transit.

See page 146 for some discussion topics.

Markets, products and customers 19

 Marketing strategy and brands

Marketing strategy Brand development

The four Ps described in Unit 7 is a good way to look A brand is a product or group of products that has a
at the marketing of individual product lines over the well-known name. Some brands have the same name
short te rm. But a company also needs a longer-term as the company, for example Google, BMW, Sony.
strategy with realistic objectives in order to plan its Other brands have a different name to the company,
overall marketing effort. The marketing strategy is for example Dove, PersiJ, Ben & Jerry's (all made by
likely to include the follo,.ving. Unilever, which is not in itself a brand). A brand is
Collecting data to try to forecast (= say ...vhat is likely usually associated with:
to happen in the future) market trends. A logo (= symbol of a company), for example Nike,
• Revie\·ving the positioning of the company. Which Apple, McDonaJds.
segments of the market does the company want to A particular style of le ttering, for example Disney,
target(= aim at)? Who do the products appeal to(= Carlsberg, Yahoo! '
who finds them interesting and wants to buy them)? A slogan(= short phrase that is easy to remember),
Reviewing the company's existing product range for example Life's Good (LG), Because we're worth it
to see ho"'' well it fits the needs of the market. (L'Oreal), High Perforn1nnce, Delivered (Accenture).
Which products need a quick facelift? Which A good brand has a personality, an identity, an image.
need a completely new model? Which need to be It can be young and fun, conservative and safe, edgy
withdrawn from the market? (=radical) and innovative, warm and comforting,
• Developing new products, working closely with expensive and exclusive, soft and romantic. The idea is
production, R&D and sales staff. that consumers will get the feeling associated with the
• Doing market research to get feedback on existing brand every time they use it.
products and ideas for new products. This may
Sponsorship and endorsements are very important
involve interviewing both existing customers and
to building a brand identity - you buy a product
potential customers (= people who may become
associated with a football team or movie star and you
customers in the future).
feel personally connected to the values and lifestyle they
Analyzing and deciding how to respond to the
represent.
behaviour of competitors.
Allocating(= deciding how to use) resources. What A 'white label product' is one produced by a company
should be the overall size of the marketing budget? that no-one has heard of so that another company
How is this money going to be divided between the (usually a retailer) can put their own brand name on
different promotional activities? it. This is very common in supermarkets (with food)
• Making decisions about sponsorship, for example and also in consumer electronics and clothing. With the
deciding which sports/cultural activity to be supermarket's name on it, the product is now called an
associated with. own-label brand, or store brand.
Making decisions about endorsements, for example ote these collocations with the word 'brand'.
deciding which famous person is going to be 'the n leading / top brand
face' of the company or a certain product. n famous I favourite I popularI well-knawn brand
Developing the corporate image in general. promote a brand name
• Developing and promoting individual brands (see develop a brand identity I image
next section). i ncrense brand awareness I recognition
Note brand loyalty (= when people regu larly b uy the same
sponsor an event sponsorship brand and refuse to change)
endorse a brand endorse111e11 t

Read the text for general understanding. 3 Highlight words you know passively, but don't use
Read it again and underline the words you don't know. actively. Choose some to write sentences of your own.
Check their meaning. 4 Check pronunciation at macmillandictionary.com

20
 8 MARKETING STRATEGY AND BRANDS
Exercises

8 .1 Underline the correct word in italics. 8.3 Complete the table below. This exercise includes
1 Our strategy must have a realistic object I objective. some items from Unit 7.
2 We have to decide which segments of the market we Verb Noun
want to aim I target. 1 promote pron1or1on ....
3 We should do some market investigation I research to 2 compete (act ivity)
see what customers think about our brand. (person)
4 The senior management team has decided to 3 distribute ..... -·-·-·-··-- (activity)
allocate I delegate fewer resources to promotional _ _ _ (person)
activities next year. 4 advertise .. . . .. . .. ···-·- __ (long form)
5 I hear that the company is looking for a new 'face' after . . .......... (short form)
the latest scandal. Even sports stars are human, and 5 sponsor ........... ··········-··--- (activity)
w hen you choose someone to endorse I sponsor your 6 target
products, you always take a risk. 7 recognize
6 Our marketing budget is large, but not large enough to 8 (be) loyal
endorse I sponsor a team like Manchester United, Real
8.4 Complete the text about the Japanese store Muji
Madrid or Bayern Munchen.
using the words in the box.
7 We need a softer, more romantic image. Something
that will appeal to I attract to women.
appeals brand budget packaging
8 A brand is a product with a known/well-known name.
range solutions strategy word-of-mouth
9 In today's world there are many competing I competition
products with a similar price --------------------------------~
I
10 In a recession consumers buy cheaper products, or
products on special offer. It's much harder to maintain ls it possible to develop a brand by l1aving 'no brand' as
your 1•••• -~_tratfg_gy ____ .? The answer is yes, according to the
brand fidelity I loyalty.
Japanese retail con1pany l--1\uji, wh ose full naiue (1'1uji rushi
8 .2 Replace the underlined word or phrase with one Ryohin) nicans 'no brand quality goods' in English.
word from the box. The meaning must stay the same. £.1luji sells a wide variety of household and
consu1uer goods, yet yo u won't find their name on
awareness behaviour facelift forecast any of their products. Every th ing tha t they sell is just
identity positioning slogan withdraw si1uple, 1uo dern and functional. A ll 2 ····--- ______
is n1ini1ual - designed no t to make the product
1 I think our main competitor has changed their decision look 1uore than it is. C lothes come in a limited
about w hich segments to target in the market Now they 3
. ....... ... . of colo urs and have no patterns or
have more exclusive items at a higher price. positioning designs; household goods and stationery are easy to use
2 The range of white goods we introduced three years ago and practical. Inside the stores there is no iuarket ing -
is doing well in the market. Maybe we just need to give just a Zen-like sense of calru. And their advertising 4
them a superficial redesign of the exterior to make them . .. .............. is close to zero as Muji re lies rnai nly on
look more contemporary.
3 The new advertising campaign isn't designed to produce O n their website Muji state that, 'As life gets niore
6
immediate sales. Instead, we want to increase brand cornp lex, t he need fo r simple lifesty le ·---····----·····-···· ...
recognition at a more general level. becomes all tl1e niore necessary'. T hey explain that the idea
4 This line is looking old now and sales are very low. I th ink behind 'n o brand' is tliat 'tlie quality and credib ility of each
prc)tluct speaks for itself - wl1at you sec is wl1at you get'.
it's time to remove it from the market completely.
So i\>luji have devel(Jped a very c lever brand strategy:
5 It's difficult to predict market trends exactly, but the
fu ncti onality, a sin1ple shopping experi ence, and an
computer screen might become less important as the
anli-brand image. In th e age of brantls th is is a powerfu l
mobile phone screen becomes more important.
differentiating fact or.
6 We need to think of a good short phrase that will stick in
lv\uji's brand identity 7 . strongly to
people's memory to help launch the new brand.
people who don't like conventional 1uarketing 1 and the
7 We have spent a lot of money developing the brand. 8
... _ (because that is what it is) is now
Now it has a clear image that makes it differen t from the expanding into Europe and North 1\merica.
others.
8 We are just a small company and we only started a
few years ago. We can learn a lot by studying our See page 146 for some discussion topics.
competitors' way of doing things in the market

Markets, products and customers 21

 Describing products

Features Physical description of a product

The features of a product are its selling points. Here ln addition to describing the features of a product, you
is a list of 60 adjectives that can be used to talk about may also have to describe it physically, in particular
product features. its shape(= the form that it has), size(= dimensions),
adjustable low-cost weight and materials.
affordable low-risk To talk about shape we can use adjectives or nouns.
attractive made-to-measure It's square, circularI round, rectangular, L-shaped,
best-selling man-made star-shaped.
brand-new mass-produced It's in the shape of a square, circle, rectangle, letter 'L'.
built-in modular
To talk about dimensions we can use adjectives or
compact off-the-shelf
nouns. •
convenient one-touch
cost-effective optional The product is 8mm long/ wide/ high/ deep.
customized portable The length/ width/ height/ depth of the product is 8mm.
easy-to-clean practical Lt's 8111m in length/width/height/depth.
easy-to-maintain real-time It's 40crn in diameter.
econornical to run reliable Jt ranges in height from 2m at one end to 3m at the other.
efficient revolutionary
energy-efficient secure
environmentally friendly shock-absorbent
height
expandable sophisticated
fully automatic state-of-the-art length
functional sh;lish
hands-free tailor-made We might want to talk about area and volume.
hard-wearing time-saving It measures 60cm by 20cm. So that's 1,200 square
high-performance trouble-free centimetres (written as crn 2) .
high-quality ultra-light It measures 2m by 2ni by 1.Sm. So that's 6 cubic metres
.
high-speed unique (written as m 3 ).
high-tech up-to-date To talk about weight we say:
innovative user-friendly
It weighs six kilos.
integrated waterproof
It's six kilos in weight. (NOT six ef kilos)
labour-saving well-built
limited edition well-designed To talk about materials we say:
long-lasting well-made It's made of aluminium, reinforced concrete, copper,
Our financial products offer a secure home for your money, fibreglass, glass, leather, moulded plastic, nanomaterials,
and are tailor-made to your oivn personal needs. rubber, steel, wood (US: lumber), etc.
Our ner.v range of clothing for the summer is attractive, It's a composite material. (=made of several things)
affordable and stylish. It's a new type of polymer.
It's a revolutionary, state-of-the-art home cinema Note these questions that a customer may ask:
system. A useful feature is the built-in iPlayer access. What shape is it? What size is it?
These running shoes are waterproof and shock- How long is it? Hoiv wide is it?
absorbent. They are available in a full range of sizes. Can you give me the dimensions?
How much does it 1.veigh?
What's it niade of?

1 Read the text for general understanding. 3 Highlight words you know passively, but don't use
2 Read it again and underline the words you don't know. actively. Choose some to write sentences of your own.
Check their meaning. 4 Check pronunciation at macmillandictionary.com

22
 9 DESCRIBING PRODUCTS
Exercises

9.1 Match the adjectives 1-15 with the words a-o 9.4 Underline the correct word in italics.
with a similar meaning. 1 The features I characteristics of a product are the
1 fun ctional a weighing very little important and interesting things that help to sell it.
2 ultra-light b integral /fitted 2 Dimensions of a product include I don't include weight.
3 expandable c high-tech /the newest 3 What form I shape is it?
4 state-of-the-art d useful I practical 4 What dimension I size is it?
5 built-in e able to include other things in 5 How length/ long is it?
the future 6 What is its length! long?
7 How much does it weigh I weight?
6 innovative f available to buy without being
8 What is the weigh !weight?
ordered specially
7 off-the-shelf g strong/ long-lasting 9.5 Complete the sentences by writing one word in
8 tailor-made h new I original each space.
9 integrated customized I personalized 1 How long is it?
10 hard-wearing J already combined in order to ~ It's 120 centimetres long.
be more effective ~ It's 120 cen t'1met res 1
·n --------'
length
----· .
11 labour-saving k water cannot pass through 2 How wide is it?
12 water-proof advanced in design ~ It's 15 centimetres wide.

13 affordable m parts can be bought separately ~ It's 15 centimetres in -----·--·-·--- .

3 HOW . ' ?
and then joined together later -------------------- IS It.

n reasonably priced ~ It's just 25 millimetres high .

14 sophisticated
15 modular o makes it easier to do the job °'It's just 25 millimetres in .............___ .
4 How --------- is the hotel swimming pool?
9.2 Match the adjectives 1- 5 with the products a-e ~ It's around 2 metres in _ _ _ __
they are most likely to describe. ~ It ranges . ... __ depth from 1 metre at one
1 attractive, practical, stylish [ill end to 2 metres at the other.
2 labour-saving, reliable, economical to run D 5 How much does it weigh?
3 secure, low-risk, convenient D ~ It a little over 2 kilos.
4 revolutionary, state-of-the-art, ultra-light 0 ~ It's a little over 2 kilos in _ _ _ __

5 low-cost, functional, expandable D 6 What area of 9round does it need?

~ Well, it measures 1O metres _ _ _ _ _ 1O
a financial product where you pay in money every month
metres when it's constructed, so it will need 100
and get a guaran teed return after five years
b simple wine rack for storing nine wine bottles, with clips ·--------------- metres of ground.
7 What is the of the tank?
at the side to attach other units
~ Let me see. It's 1. 5 metres long by 1.5 metres wide by
c washing machine
4 metres deep. So that's 9 metres.
d plate to hold sushi with a place to put chopsticks,
designed by a top Japanese designer 8 What's it made -----------......... ?
e amazing new compact camera
°'
Well, like most modern bicycles it's made of a
• _ _ _ _ _ material - plastic rein forced wit h
9.3 Find three adjectives from the Features list carbon fibre.
opposite for each product below. Do not choose
9.6 Write the name of the material next to the object
adjectives already given in Exercise 9.2.
it is most likely to be made from .
1 a product aimed at 'green' consumers who want to
save energy; protect the environment; and who hate the
reinforced concrete copper leather
throw-away society. moulded plastic nanomaterials steel
2 a product aimed at parents with young children whose - - ---- --- -
children make a mess with food and paint; who want to 1 washing machine, bridge stPPf
carry the product when they visit friends and relations; 2 fizzy drink bottle, cheap toy
and who want a high quality of construction so that it 3 pipe to carry water, wire, coin
doesn't break. 4 seat of a luxury car, shoe
3 a product aimed at teenage boys who want something 5 computer memory, high-tech clothing
that works by itself without them doing anything; is very 6 walls and floors of a tall building
fast and powerful; and is produced in small numbers so
that none of their friends have it. See page 146 for some discussion topics.

Markets, products and customers 23

 ·-..•,·.,,
- ~.··.

- : '-• "'.-..-lo,;:t~

· .: 10~.t~
' Customers

Customer vs client vs consumer After-sales contact with the customer

In many cases the words 'customer' and 'client' can Here the interaction with the customer will be very
both be used . Hovvever: different, and might involve the follovving.
• Custorner is more common where there is a standard Ansvvering questions about pay1nent and delivery.
product or service, and also where cash is exchanged The activity of processing and shipping an order is
(eg in a s hop or restaurant). called 'fulfilment'. •
• Client is more common where the product or service Unless we receive payment in full, we're unable to fulfil
is individually designed. your order .
The '"'ord 'consumer' is more general and refers to • Explainmg how to use the product.
anyone who buys things (rather than a customer of • Discussing the terms of the warranty.
a particular company). Econom ists are interested in • Dealing with complaints. The person w h o handles
consumer demand, consumer confidence, etc. The the complairlt will first apologize. Then, if the
consumer is also the end-user, whereas a customerI client product is faulty and is still under warranty, the
may be another business or a distributor or agent. company will offer a repair or replacement. In other
cases they may offer a refund or some other form of
Pre-sales contact with the customer compensation.
This is the area of work of the sales department. Many companies d o all this in a department 'INith
Typical stages are: a name like Customer Serv ices, Customer Care or
Contact ~ Lead -1 Prospect ~ Customer Customer Support. Sometimes this department handles
pre-sales enquiries as well.
Contact can be made through many channels (eg a
website enquiry, an existing customer). The sales Loyalty schemes
consultant may:
The company wants loyal, satisfied customers who will
deal with/ handle an enquiry come back again and again. This can be encouraged
give / provide inforrnation with a special loyalty scheme that offers va rious
ask for / request inforn1.ation to find out the custonzer's revvards. Existing customers may have a chance to win
needs I requirements a prize if they order again, or a customer who hasn't
A 'lead' is a piece of i11formation or a person that helps placed an order for some time may be sent an email
you find new custo1ners. The sales consultant may: vvith a discount coupon.
follow up a lead(= do more work on it)
The Marketing Department and
A ' prospect' is a person who may become a customer.
customers
The sales consultant may:
The Marketmg Department comes into contact with
offer a customized I personalized I tailor-made
customers as part of market research. They want to get
solution
feedback on existing products and get ideas for new
provide an individual package for a client
products. They might d o the followi11g.
meet (= satisfy) I fail to meet tlte customer's needs or
expectations • Carry out a survey, for example with an onlirle
questionnaire.
And finally the customer may:
• Conduct a focus group(= a face-to-face discussion
make / place an order with a small group of consumers).
niake a repeat purchase (= buy the same thing again)
We say .. .
carry out/ conduct / do a survey
take part in / respond to a survey
fill in/ fill out/ complete a questionnaire

1 Read the text for general understanding. 3 Highlight words you know passively, bu t don't use
2 Read it again and underline the words you don't know. actively. Choose some to write sentences of your ovvn.
Check their meaning. 4 Check pronunciation at macmiUandictionary.com

24
 10 CUSTOMERS
Exercises

10.1 Complete each sentence with a word in the box. 1 0.5 Complete each mini-dialogue with the most
Several answers may be possible but choose the best appropriate phrase from the box.
one.
deal with it fill it in follow it up place it provide it
client customer consumer end-user
1 A: I spoke to someone on the reception desk. She was
1 We offer financial advice to wealthy individuals. We have very chatty and gave me a good lead.
around 200 s on our books. B: When are you going to /
2 We manufacture children's toys and sell them to a 2 A: I have a Mr Rodriguez on the line. He sounds very
distributor. The distributor supplies retail outlets all angry. It's about the software he ordered.
over Europe. So we never come into contact w ith t he B: OK, give the phone to me. I' ll __ ...
3 A: The information that I want is really very basic.
3 I work in the retail business and people often bring back B: I'm sorry but I'm just not able to . ____ _ right
clothes simply because they don't like them . But we now. Can I take your number and call you back?
don't argue. We have a saying: 'the _____ 1s 4 A: I'm ready to make an order now. What should I do?
always right.' B: The best way is to online via our
4 When the economy comes out of recession, website.
_ demand for automobiles, holidays and 5 A: Thank you very much, you've been very helpful.
luxury goods will pick up rapidly. B: My pleasure. Just before you go, may I give you
this customer satisfaction questionnaire? If you
10.2 Fill in the missing letters. A few words do not
and return it, you have a chance to
appear opposite. . .
win a prize.
1 The customer buys from a su _ Jier (=seller). In American
English the word 'ven __ r' is also common. 10.6 Match the words 'warranty' and 'g uarantee'
2 Clients expect a pe . __ .. alized I cu. ized I with their explanations below.
tai -made service. 1 . .. ··---· - refers to repair I replacement or a refund
3 Asa fied customer w ill often make a rep _ ..t or general quality issues; it can be used as a verb.
p chase. 2 _________ - refers to repair I replacement only; it
4 We can customize the product to meet your exact cannot be used as a verb.
requ ments.
10.7 Complete the text about customer loyalty
5 We provide an individual pa__ age to meet your
schemes with the words in the box.
sp ic needs.

10.3 In each group cross out the one word in claimed coupon online placed
ital ics that does not make a common verb + noun points relationships reward scheme
partnership.
1 deal with I handle I meet I respond to an enquiry What is the best way to get customer loyalty? The
2 carry out I find out I request I provide information first answer must be to give good overall service. But
3 do I fulfil I make I place an order customer 1_[ffa[1pnsh1ps can also be strengthened with
4 attract I deal with I lose I offer a customer a special customer loyalty 2 . These are
5 address I have I meetI satisfy somebody's needs programmes that use discounts, extra goods or prizes
6 offer I provide I reach I suspend a service to 3 customers for behaviour that benefits
7 deal with I do I handle I investigate a complaint the business. For example, a local coffee bar might offer
8 carry out I conduct I enterI take part in a survey a free drink every tenth visit, or a mail-order company
10.4 Underline the correct words in italics. might offer a discount 4 to customers who
<

1 If you 'handle' an enquiry or a complaint, you deal with haven't 0 - -··---·· a n order for some time.
it I pass it to somebody else. It's also common to give retail customers a loyalty card
2 If you 'provide' information, you give/receive it. that is presented at the checkout (real or 6 )
3 If you 'fulfil' an order, you cancel it I ship it. and is used to collect 7 . Perhaps the besi-
4 If you 'meet' somebody's needs, you discuss their needs kno\vn example of this is frequent-flyer programmes,
with them I satisfy their needs. although most points earned through these programmes
5 If you 'carry out' a survey, you ask the questions I answer
are not 8 - - - - -
the questions.
See page 146 for some discussion topics.

Markets, products and customers 25

 Orders, invoices and payment

Orders • Unit price of the products.

• Total amount charged for the goods.
When an end-user makes an order they simply pay at
• Any extra amount for shipping (sometimes called
the point of purchase. But in the business-to-business
'postage and packing' for smaller items).
sector the following sequence is typical.
• Payment terms.
1 A customer makes an enquiry about a product and
Note that 'charge' and 'invoice' are used as both nouns
the price. •
and verbs.
2 The supplier provides information and quotes/gives
a price. . ls there a charge for shipping?
3 The customer makes/places an order. The order may Hoiv much do you charge for shipping?
be made by email, phone or fax, or may be made Have you sent the invoice?
directly offI from a website. Have you invoiced them yet?
4 The supplier confirms/acknowledges the order,
Payment
processes it, and gives the customer a shipping date.
Of course the goods may be out of stock, in which The invoice contains the payment terms, and these are
case there is a wait until they are in stock again. the conditions of payment. If the customer pays early,
5 The supplier ships the goods and issues(= produces there is often a discount, and if they pay late, there is
+sends) an invoice. a penalty. The invoice also shows the tax paid to the
6 A logistics company delivers the goods. Perhaps the government (called VAT- value added tax - in BrE).
customer has also tracked the shipment(= followed The method of payment can vary. A first-time business-
the progress of the goods) online. to-business customer will often have to arrange a 'letter
7 On arrival, the customer checks the goods. of credit' at their bank (business people just say 'l/ c').
8 If the goods are in good condition, the customer With an l/c the customer's bank makes a guaranteed
pays the invoice. If they are damaged, there is a payment as soon as the seller's bank presents certain
'returns policy' for sending them back. documents (transport documents, invoice, etc). If there
Note that 'ship' means send/dispatch by any means of is a long-term business relationship with more trust,
transport, not just by ship. the customer will usually have an 'open account'. Here
the customer pays later, after the goods are received,
Note that 'quote' and 'order' are used as both nouns
according to the terms of the contract.
and verbs:
The seller may:
Can you give rne a quote?
ask for/demand payment in advance/upfront
Can you quote me a price?
ask for cash on delivery (COD)
I'd like to place an order for 300 pieces.
ask for prompt payment (within 14 days of delivery)
I'd like to order 300 pieces.
ask for payment in 30 I 60 I 90 days from date of inv oice
Invoices send a reminder (= an email or letter telling the buyer
they must pay)
An invoice (or bill) is a document issued b y a seller
to a buyer. It requests payment for an order. A typical The customer may:
invoice contains: arrange a bank transfer
pay by monthly instalments
• Date of the invoice and an invoice reference number.
delay payrnent (pay later than is planned)
• Name, contact details and tax details of the seller.
defer payment (arrange officially to pay later)
• Name and contact details of the buyer.
settle an account(= pay everything that is owing)
• Date that the products were shipped.
• Purchase order number (if the buyer has one which If the customer is late in paying, the seller might say:
they want on the invoice). Your payrnent is due. (=it must be paid now)
• Description of the products. Your payment was due two weeks ago.
Your payment is no-UJ overdue. (=it is late)

1 Read the text for general understanding. 3 Highlight words you know passively, but don't use
2 Read it again and underline the words you don't know. actively. Choose some to write sentences of your own.
Check their meaning. 4 Check pronunciation at macmillandictionary.com

26
 Greetings and introductions

Greeting people you know Greeting people you don't know

When you greet people you kno>v, you can say: With people you don't know you can say:
Hi/ HetJ I Hello. A: Excuse me, are you Mr Kovac?
Good morningI afternoon. (more formal) B: Yes, that's right.
This is often followed by: A: I don't think we've met. My name's Susan, Susan
A: How are you? '
Atkins. I'm the Sales Rep for this area.
B: I'm good/Fine thanks/Not too bad, and you? B: Nice to meet you Susan. My name's Felix.
A: Good/Fine.
A: Excuse me, is anyone sitting here?
Of course Person B may not be feeling good: B: No, it's free. Please sit down.
A: How are you? A: Thanks. Can I introduce myself' My name is Pedro
B: Not too good, actually. I Juzve a bit of a cold. Alvarez. "
When you know the other person very well the first B: Nice to n1eet you, Pedro. I'm Ying Li.
few lines may be like the ones below. A: I'rn sorry, I didn't catch your name.
A: Hi, how's it going? B: It's Anneka. And you are?
B: Not bad. And you? After this the conversation depends on the context. For
A: Hey, what's up? (=What's new) example at the airport:
B: Same old thing. What about you? How was your flight?
Can I help you with your bags?
A: How are things?
B: It's really busy at the mornent. I guess you must have a Or more generally:
lot of work yourself? Where are you from?
What do you do?
A: Long time, no see!
And who do you work for?
B: Yeah, it's been a ivhile. What are you up to(= doing)
these days? Unit 34 'Small talk' covers this area in more detail.
Or you may make reference to 'here and now' rather Introductions
than make a greeting.
If there are three people, then one person will take the
A: Nice weather today. lead in making the introduction. The social rules about
B: Yes, lovely. I hope it stays like this for the weekend. using first name, or title + family name, vary. Follow
A: That's a nice scarf the lead of the person making the introduction.
B: Tluz.nks. I bought it at that new place on Market Street. Sean: Julie, Juzve you met Simon before?
Notice in the examples above how the replies help to Julie: No, I don't think so.
develop the conversation. Sean: I'll introduce you. Simon, come over here for a
1noment. I want you to meet someone.
Simon: Hi.
Sean: Simon, this is Julie, a colleague of mine from
Belgium.
Simon: Nice to meet you, Julie.
Julie: Nice to meet you too, Simon.
Simon: I know Belgium well - I love the restaurants in
Brussels. Whereabouts(= where exactly) are you
based?
Notice how Simon uses information supplied by Sean
to develop the conversation.
Slightly more formal alternatives are:
I'd like to introduce you to ...
Pleased/ It's a pleasure to meet you.
Pleased/It's a pleasure to meet you too.

66
 31 GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTIONS
Exercises

31.1 Match the greetings 1- 6 with the replies a-f. 31.3 Put the words into order to make questions. Then
1 Good morning. My name's Martina Conti. [(il use the questions to complete the dialogue below.
2 Hi, Nino, nice to see you again. 0 Is free this seat?
3 Excuse me, are you Mr Kovac? 0 And do do what you?
4 Hello, Mr Zhu. How are you? [=] Can I myself introduce? _____ ............ ---- -
......_.....................................-.

5 I don't think we've met My name's Jo, Jo Atkins. 0 Who you do for work?
6 I'm sorry, I d idn' t catch you r name. D Where fro m are you? - - - - - - --------
What you abo ut?
a Fine than ks. And you?
b Nice to see you too.
MuKESH: Excuse me. 1_!.i_ this seat free?
c It's Jack Thompson. And yo u are?
ELENI: Yes, it is. Please sit down.
d Pleased to meet you, Ms Conti .
MuKESH: Thanks. 2 My name's
e Nice to meet you Jo, I'm Miyu Tanaka.
Mukesh Patel.
f Yes, that's right
ELENI: Nice to meet you, Mukesh. I'm Eleni
31 .2 Complete the dialogues with the phrases in the Brakus.
box. M UKESH: 3_ __________
Dialogue 1 ELENI: I'm from Greece. But I'm working here in
- --- - - London at the moment.
can I help you excuse rne follow me I'd appreciate it ' MUKESH: 4 _ _ _ __
how was your journey must be you that's right ELENI: I'm a bond trader. I work for an
--
5
investment bank. - - - - - - - .
MR D: 1 Excuse rns_, are you Mr Moretti? MUKESH: I'm a financial analyst. I work in London.
6
MR M·. Yes ' 2........................-- - - - E LENI: ------
MR D: My colleague Pierre Leroy asked me to come MUKESH: They're called Capital Investments. It's a
to the station to pick you up. I thought it small company. Perhaps you don't know it.
3

MR M: Oh, yes, Pierre said tha t someone would be

l ELENI: Somet imes it's better to work for a small
company.
here to meet m e. I
MR D: 4 _ __ _ _ ? 31.4 Underline the correct words in italics.
MR M: Oh, the TGV is always very comfortable.
MR D: 5 with your bags? PETRA: Adrian, have you 1one time met Johan
MR M Thank you. If you could take this one, Nilsson/met Johan Nilsson before?
6
ADRIAN: No, I don't think 2 itlso.
MR D: Of course. We're going to take a taxi to our PETRA: He could be a u seful contact for you. I 'll
office. Just 7 please. 3introducelpresent you. Johan, come over

here for a moment. I 4 likelwant you to

Dialogue 2 meet someone.
- --- - . -
~··· JOHAN: Hi.
at home enjoyed it fine, thanks good weekend
PETRA: Johan, 5here is/this is Adrian Matthews.
how are you what about you whereabouts
------ - He works 6as!like a journalist for the
TechNet website.
TATIANA: Hi, Chiara. JOHAN: Nice to meet you, Adrian.
CHIARA: Hi, Tatiana. 8_ ____ ? ADRIAN: 7Nice to meet you too/The same to you,
9
TATIANA: • And you?
. Johan.
CHIARA: Fine. Did you have a 10 _ _ _ __ ? JOHAN: So, Adrian, you work for TechN et. It's a
TATIANA: Yes, thanks. I just stayed 11_ _ _ __ great website. What exactly do you 8 dol
but it was very relaxing. 12_.. ? make there?
CHIARA: I took the family to my parents' house in
the country.
TATIANA: 13 _ do your parents live? 31.5 @ 01 You are going to hear eight phrases. Listen
CHIARA: N ear Lake Como. and repeat.
TATIANA: Wonderful. And how was it?
CHIARA: It all went very well. We 14 _ ___________ _

Social English 67
 Welcoming visitors

At the airport The visitor might apologize for being late, or for the
The host (= person who makes the invitation) or a late arrival of another colleague.
colleague of theirs meets the visitor at the airport. Sorry l'rn late. My flight zvas delayed. Did you get my
Welcome to Switzerland. message?
Let nie help you with your bags. My colleague is on her zvay - she just called to say her taxi
is stuck in traffic. ~
Did you have a good flight?
Tirn sends his regards, by the way. He's sorry he couldn't After the initial social conversation the host will move
come to rr1eet you in person. to the business part of the visit.
Is this your first tirne in Zurich? Perhaps zve can get started.
Will you have time to look around(= see the city) zvhile OK, let's get dozvn to business.
you're here?
We'll catch a taxi to the hotel. You can freshen up, and then Welcoming a large group
zve'll have some lunch. In some situations, such as a factory tour, a large group
We'll go straight to our offices. I'll drop you off at your hotel will visit at the same time. Someone from the company
later, after the rneeting. will usually make a short welcome speech using
phrases like these.
At reception
Good rr1orning everyone. My name is Daniel Martin
Sometimes a compa11y receptionist welcomes the and I am the Public Relations Officer here at Magnum
visitor, before the host appears. Engineering.
The visitor might say: On behalf of Magnum it gives me great pleasure to welcome
I'm here to see Mr Moser. My narne's Luka Horvat. you here today.
I have an appointment 1.vith Mr Moser at ten o'clock. I'll run through (=quickly explain) this morning's
And the receptionist might say: programme.
We're going to begin with a guided tour of the production
Could you sign in(= sign your name in a book on
facility. The tour should take around one hour.
arrival) here, please?
We'll come back here for refreshments after we've been round
You need to fill in(= write) your details here.
the factory.
Please put on this visitor's badgeI ID card. Make sure you
You'll have an opportunity to meet with Ms Hagen, our
wear it at all times.
Production Manager.
I'll let Mr Moser know you've arrived.
After the tour we'll go to our other building where I zvill
You can take a seat over there. Mr Moser will be do1.vn in a
give you a short presentation.
n1ornent.
I'll give you an overview of the company and our plans for
Can I get you a drink while you're waiting?
the future.
At the office You can leave your belongings(= personal possessions)
here. I'll lock the room, but the company does not take
When the host welcomes the visitor at the office,
responsibility if anything goes missing.,
phrases like these are typical.
I'd noiv like to introduce you to Mr Meyer, one of our
Co1ne in. (if the host is inside the room) engineers, who is going to show you round the plant.
Con1e through. (if they enter together)
The person leading the tour might then use phrases
It's good to see you again.
like these.
It's nice to finally meet you in person.
Let me take your coat. Can I just go over a Jew safety rules?
Have a seat. For your own safety, please m.ake sure you zvalk inside the
Would you like something to drink? Coffee? Hozv do you yellow lines at all tim.es.
like I take it? Can I ren1.ind you that taking photographs is strictly
How was your journey? prohibited.
Did you find us(= our office) OK? OK, if you follow me, we'll begin the tour.
Where are you staying?
How long are you here for?

68
Exercises

32 1 Underline the correct words in italics. 32.5 Continue as before.

1 Welcome in/to Switzerland. 1 Where are you finally meet you in person.
2 Tim sends his compliments/regards, by the way. 2 It's nice to something to drink?
3 Is this your first time in I to Zurich? 3 Would you like you get my message?
4 On behalf I part of Magnum, it gives me great pleasure 4 Did you find are you here for?
for I to welcome you here today. 5 Sorry I'm late. Did staying ?
5 Can I remember I remind you that taking photographs is 6 How long us OK?
strictly prohibited.
M atch the lines and replies as before. Some lines have
32.2 Match an item on the left with an item on the two replies.
right. a Yes, please. A coffee would be nice.
1 come this badge at all times b At the Marriott. It's very comfortable and I get
2 drop you 1n person Rewards points every time I stay there.
3 get you off at your hotel c Just three days.
r
4 have · d No problem . Your directions were excellent.
5 meet you round the plant I e Yes, it's always good to put a face to a name.
6 show an appointment I f I'm flying home tomorrow.
7 wear down to business g No, I'm fine thanks.
h Yes, thanks for calling to let us know. There's no
32.3 Complete each sentence with a whole phrase
problem - I've just rearranged the programme a little.
from Exercise 32.2.
Yes, the taxi brought me straight here.
1 (knock on door) -· : ·•
2 We've been emailing and talking on the phone for so 32.6 Read this welcome speech . Fill in the missing
long . It's nice to finally _____ __ words - some letters are given to help you.
3 OK, let's __ ........... . Did you get the
document I sent w ith the list of poi nts to discuss? Good morning everyone. My name is Lotte Jacobs
4 (at th e airport) My car is over there. I' ll and I am the Public Relations Officer here at Wind
_ _ _ _ _ and then pick you up later. Turbines International. On 1b _ f of WTI it gives me
5 After t he meeting Mr Meyer, our Production Manager, is great 2pl to welcome you here today.
going to . It's fully operational. I'll just 3 r through this morning's programme
with you. We're going to begin with a guided 4t _ __
32.4 Match the beginning and end of each sentence. of the production facility. The tour should take around
1 Did you have a regards, by the w ay. one hour, and afterwards we'll come back here for
2 Welcome time in Zurich? 5ref _ .... s . Then at eleven o'clock our Production
3 Is this your first good flight? Manager Mr Schneider has kindly agreed to come
4 You can freshen you w ith your bags. and have a Q&A with you all. You'll also have an
6opp ___ ...... y to meet with Mr Schneider in person as
5 Tim sends his to Switzerland .
6 Let me help to look around before you go? he will be joining us for lunch later.
7 Will you have time up at the hotel, then we'll At around eleven thirty, after the O&A, we'll all go
have some lunch. to the main conference room in our other 7 b g
where I will give you a short presentation. I'll give you
Now match lines 1- 7 above with replies a- i below. an 80 w of the company and our plans for the
Some lines have two replies. future. Again, there will be a chance for questions.
L a Yes. it was fine. OK, we'll begin the tour in a moment. You can
L b Thanks, but I can manage. leave your 9 bel s here. I'll lock the room, but I
LL c A bit of tu rbui ence, but not too bad. have to say that the company does not take
10
I d How is he? re . ___y if anything goes 11m g.
l e Yes, it is. For your own 12s_ y . please make sure you
L f Thanks - it's great to be here. And thank you very walk inside the yellow lines at all times. And can I also
much for your invitation. remind you that taking photographs is 13str y
14pr d.
L g Maybe just a couple of hours on my last afternoon.
OK, if you follow me, we'll begin the tour.
L h That sounds like a good plan . They only gave us a
sandwich on the flight.
L i No, I've been here once before. 32.7 • 02 You are going to hear eight phrases. Listen
and repeat.

Social English 69
 Standard responses

In these mini-dialogues you will find examples of Congratulations

standard replies in Social English. See also Units 31, 34, I got the job!
38 and 39. - That's great news! Well done!
Offering/Being helpful - Congratulations! That's fantastic!
Coffee? Encouraging
- Yes please. Milk, one sugar. I'm feeling quite nervous before my presentation.
- No thanks, I'm fine. - Don't worry, you'll be fine.
Can I give you a hand? This is quite difficult.
- Thanks. I'm having some problems here. - Come on. Don't give up nozv. The worst is over.
- It's OK. I can manage. It's under control.
I have a job interview torn.arrow.
Would you like me to call a taxi? - Good luck. l'ni sure you'll do really well.
- Yes please, that would be very helpful. "
Business situations
- I've decided to walk. But thanks anyway. Can we use another room?
Requesting - I'll just go and check.
Can I let you knozv tomorrow?
Will you be there to give me your support?
- Of course. I Certainly. I No problem.
- You can count on me.
Could you give rne a hand?
Is this where zve'll be zvorking?
- Yeah. Sure.
- That's right. Make yourself at home.
Do you mind if I open the window?
What do you think will happen?
- No, not at all./ Go ahead.JP/ease do.
- It's difficult to say at this stage.
Thanking
Thanks very much. Do you have his number by any chance?
- You're welcome. - I rnight have. I'll have a look.

Thanks very much for everything. I really appreciate it. I heard they're going to give us all new laptops.
- Don't mention it. It was my pleasure. - I'll believe it when I see it.
Personal matters
You did a great job.
She's feeling very depressed about it.
- Thank you very much. That's very kind of you.
- I understand. These things take time.
- I had a lot of help. It was a team effort.
Inviting What should I do?
Would you like to join us for dinner? - Don't worry, it'll be all right. It's not the end of the world.
- I'd love to./That would be great. - If I were you, I'd just forget about it.
- That's very kind of you, but I already have other plans. Other
Another time maybe. What's happening?
- Thanks for the invitation but I need an early night. My - I haven't a clue./Your guess is as good as mine.
flight is at seven tomorrow morning.
They don't have the one you zvant.
Replying to 'sorry' - It's fine. It's no big deal.
I'm sorry, I can't come with you. Do you want to eat Italian or Chinese?
- Oh, that's a pitt;./Oh, what a shame. - It's up to you. They both sound good.
- Oh well. Maybe next time. - I don't mind. You choose.
I'm sorry. I broke it by mistake.
Which wine would you recommend?
- Not to worn;. These things happen. - I'rn probably not the best person to ask.
Sorry, I can't make the appointm.ent.
Let rne pay.
- No problem. Thanks for letting us knozv. - No, it's on me. I insist.
I forgot to bring my copy of the report.
We have to go now.
- Don't worry./Never mind./ It doesn't rnatter.
- OK. Just hang on a rninute.

70
Exercises 33 STANDARD RESPONSES

33.1 Cover the opposite page with a piece of paper. 18 There are so many things that could go wrong.
Now tick ./ the correct reply, a or b. a Don't worry, it'll be all fine.
1 More wine' b Don't worry, it'll be all right.
a No thanks, I'm fine . ./ 19 My presentation was a disaster.
b No thanks, I'm well. a Don't worry, it's not the end of life.
2 Can I give you a hand? b Don't worry, it's not the end of the world.
a It's OK. I can do. 20 He shouted at me. It was horrible.
b It's OK. I can manage. a If I were you, I'd just forget about it.
3 Shall I get you a sandwich while I'm out? b If I'm you, I' ll just forget about it.
a I'm having lunch with a client. But thanks all ways. 21 What's going on here?
b I'm having lunch with a client. But thanks anyway. a Your guess is better than mine.
4 Can I use the photocopier? b Your guess is as good as mine.
a Of course. 22 Do you want to walk across the park or take a taxi?
b Certain. a I don't mind. It's up to you.
5 Do you mind if I sit here? b I don't mind. You're up to it.
a No, not at all. Go ahead. 23 Let me pay.
b Yes, of course. Go ahead. a No, it's on me. I insist.
6 Thanks very much. b No, it's with me. I insist.
a You're welcome. 24 We have to go now.
b Your pleasure. a OK. Just wait on a minute.
7 Would you like to join us for dinner? b OK. Just hang on a minute.
a I'd love it.
33.2 Fill in the missing words. Some letters have been
b I'd love to.
given to help you.
8 Unfortunately I won't be at the conference next month .
a Oh, what a shame. 1 Can I g__ ' ...,;__._ you a h ">

b Oh, what a loss. - It's OK. Everything's u er co ___I .

9 I have a problem with my car. I'm going to be late. 2 W you like me to call a taxi?
a I don't worry. These things happen. - Yes, please, that would be very he ____ Jul
b Not to worry. These things happen. 3 Can I I _ t you k__ w tomorrow?
10 Sorry, I have to cancel my appointment. 0 c . No problem.
a No problem. Thanks for letting us know.
4 Thanks very much for e_______ing . I really app te
b No problem. Thanks for making us know. it.
11 I don't have an umbrella w ith me. - Don't me n it. It was my pl e.
a It doesn't matter. You can use this one. 5 Would you I to j --· us for dinner?
b It doesn't care. You can use this one. - That's very k of you, but I already have other
12 We won the contract! plans. An r ti may
a That 's great news! Well made! 6 I'm sorry. I broke it b_ _ mi___ e.
b That's great news! Well done! - Not to worry. The thi ha n.
13 I 'have a job interview tomorrow. 7 Is this where I'll be working?
a Good fortune. I'm sure you'll do really well. - That's right. M....... y _____ If at h _ _
b Good luck. I'm sure you'll do really well. 8 Do you have his number b ___ a cha_ /
14 Is the meeting room free at the moment? - lmi thave.l'llh __ eal k.
a I'll just go and check. 9 She's feeling very depr ___ ed abot:it it.
b I'll just control the situation. - I understand. These things t ___ ·- e t e.
• 10 Which wine would you recommend?
15 Will you be there in the meeting?
a You can count with me. - I' m probably n the b _ tp n to
b You can count on me. a
16 What do you think will happen? 33.3 @ 03 You are going to hear eight phrases. Listen
a It's difficult to say at this stage. and repeat.
b It's difficult to say at this step.
17 I heard we're all going to get a pay rise.
a I'll believe it when I see it.
b I believe it when I'll see it.

Social English 71
 Small talk

Small talk Small talk topics

There are many situations in life and business when we Some topics and phrases for smaU talk are given below.
need to make small talk(= informal conversation about Other topics can be found in Units 35- 36.
unimportant things). We use small talk to find out the Food and drink at a buffet meal
other person's personality, discover shared interests, Can I get you a drink/anythingfrorn the buffet?
and build trust. Active listening is very important in - Thanks a lot. ['//have a tvhite wine. •
small talk (see Unit 56).
It all looks good. What do you recon1n1end?
Starting a conversation with strangers - The smoked salmon is very good.
- - Try these. They're excellent.
To make small talk >vith strangers you can begin by
referriI1g to 'here and now', vvait for the other person to I really like the zvay thei; do the salads I bread I fish here. In
reply, and then introduce yourself with By the way. rny country ...
This food looks good. Much better than you usually get at The weather
things like this . ... By the way, I'm Patricia. What lovely/awful weather!
Are you here for the conference? ... Look - the registration - Yes, beautiful I terrible.
desk is over there. By the way, my name's Adarn. ls it ahvays as hot as this in October?
You can also ask a question >vith 'do you mmd': Talking shop (= talking about work)
How's business?
Excuse me, do you mind if I ...
. . - We're having a great year.
... JOZn you.?
- Very busy, as usual. What about you?
... have a look at your conference programrne? ·~~~~~~~~~-

. . . take one of your brochures? Someone told me that Renova are going to .. .
You then ask and answer questions to fmd out about - Harv interesting. Why do you think they ... ?
each other. I hear you're thinking about ... ls that right?
The event where you are now - Yes, that's right. The reason is ...
How are you enjoying the conference? Travel - past
Did you go to the talk about ...? Have you been to Marrakesh? What 1vas it like?
Do you know many people here? What did you think of the main square rvith all the street
Origins perforrners? I've heard that it's an1azing.
So where are you from originally? Travel - future
Whereabouts(= Where exactly?) in Germany? Are you going on holiday this year? New Zealand' Really!
The city where you are now That sounds 1vonderful. You must be looking fonvard to it.
ls this your first time in Moscow? Telling a story
How long are you here for? One tirne I met this guy /wonzan 1vho ...
Have you seen much of the city? A strange thing happened to rne once.
What do you think of the metro system? Did I tell you about the tinze when ... ?
Job - Really? What happened next?
What do you do, by the UJay? - That reminds me of the tirne when T ...
Who do you work for? Free time on the trip
And ivhere are you based? T rnight have a chance to do a bit of sightseeing I shopping
Have you always zvorked in the ... industry? before I leave.
What did you do before? - The old tozvn is very interesting.
Starting a conversation with people you know is 1nuch - There's a good rnuseurn/ art gallery if you're interested in
easier because you already have shared interests. historyI nzodern art.
- The local wine/ cheese/ handicraft is very good. It would
rnake a good present.

72
 34 SMALL TALK
Exercises

34.1 Complete each phrase with a word from the box. 34.4 If a stranger makes a comment, we often use a
similar (or stronger) adjective to agree. The example
Are Can Do Have How Is What Where Who opposite is: What lovely weather! - Yes, beautiful.
·-------
1 Do Use the words in the box to complete the repli es
you mind if I join you7
below.
2 are you enjoying the conference?
3 this your first time in Cologne? crowded delicious fascinating freezing massive
4 long are you here for7
5 do you do, by the way? 1 Big, isn't it7 - Yes, _ _ _ _ __
6 are you based? 2 Busy in here, isn't it? - Yes, really ------····----·
7 you always worked in the auto industry7 3 Interesting talk. - Yes, _ _ _ _ __
8 I get you a drink? 4 Cold today, isn't it? - Yes, ________
9 do you recommend? 5 Food's nice. - Yes, _ _ _ _ _ __
10 lovely weather!
11 's business? 34.5 Fill in the missing letters.
12 you been to Hong Kong? 1 The reg ______ ion desk is over there. B_ t__ .. w __ ..
my name's Adam .
13 you here for the conference?
2 What a wonderful buffet. It all looks good. What do
14 you know many people here 7 you rec___ ._end?
15 are you from originally7
3 So, what ·-·- you __ 7
16 you seen much of the city?
4 Is it always hot like this at this t ____ of y ____ 7
17 do you work for?
5 T___ these. They're excellent.
18 did you do before 7
6 Excuse me, do you m ___ if I ha __ a I___ at your
19 ---·· about you 7 (two possible answers)
conference programme? I'm Patricia by the way.
20 _ interesting.
7 A strange thing ha _____ ed to me o __e.
21 was it like? 8 Who do you w ____ f ___ 7
22 happened next7
9 Have you been to Marrakesh? Yes? Wh.. _ was it I_ ._e?
34.2 Match 1- 12 from Exercise 34.1 with the replies 10 I really like thew__ they d_ the salads here.
a- I below. 11 You're going to New Zealand! That sounds
lJJ a No, not at all. Please sit down. w .. _____ful. You must be I___ ing for___ d t_ it.
::J b Very busy, as usual. What about you? 12 Some_. _.e to __ me that Lexica are going to open a
new production facility in Turkey.
L_J c Just one more day. I fly back tomorrow evening.
[J d Try these. They're excellent. 13 And where are you ba __ d?
,--, 14 That re___ ..ds m._ of the t ___ when I went for a job
L~..J e Yes, beautiful. It's much colder back home.
[] f I'm a design engineer in the auto industry. interview at a bank.

n g Very much. The quality of the presentations is very 15 What did you think of the main square wit h all the
street performers? I've h _ .. _d that it's am __ ing.
good and it's a great chance to network.
~J h No, never. I've always wanted to go. 16 What did you do be __ re?
=] .
~~]
Thanks a lot. Is there any fruit juice 7
J No, I've come here once before. It was just a quick
34.6 Put the sentence numbers from Exercise 34.5 into
the correct category below.
visit, though.
Introducing yourself OJ D
[] k In Stuttgart.
:..J Yes, I have actually. Ever since leaving school.
Job · OO;:JO
Food and drink 000
34.3 Find a word qr phrase on the page opposite to The weather ~]
complete these comments. Talking shop ~
1 To say 'Where exactly?' you can say ··-···· _ 7 Travel - past
2 A meal in which people get their food from a table and Travel - future
then walk away to eat it is called a _ _ __ Telling a story
3 Talking about business in a social situation is called 34.7 @ 04 You are going to hear eight phrases. Listen
--~- --
·----------·--- .
. and repeat.
4 When someone is telling a story the person listening can
say ' ..... - ?' It means 'I am interested and I
want you to continue'.

Social English 73
 ...
.·• :
;35···. Likes, free time, interests
' ' ' '. ·• .

.•
'"'l
'
'

...
;'
.

Likes and dislikes Interests and hobbies

To ask a question about likes you can say: You can ...
Whal sort I kind I type of n111sic do you like? collect antiques, do gardening I the garden, do an evening
Notice how to reply when someone tells you their likes. course, go jogging, go sivitnn1ing, go hiking(= walking in
the countryside), join a health club, look round a gallery
I like jazz. I don 't like jazz.
or 1nuse111n, play football, play tennis, play cards, play in a
- Me too. - Me neither.
band, read novels, take photographs, etc
There are ways to show different degrees of liking and
disliking: ·

© Tadore it./T love it./ f really enjoy it.

I quite like it. I I suppose it's OK.
l'rn not very keen on it./ It doesn't really interest rne./ '
l'n1 not really into that sort of thing.
Tdon't like it very 1nuch. I It's nothing special./
It's not really n·1y kind of thing. collect s/a111ps cook
~

I can't stand il./l hate it.

You can show degrees of liking and disliking with

adverbs:
I thought the film lvas absolutely brilliant.
I liked it a lot.
I didn't like it at all. do yoga paint
Notice how the position of 'really' changes the
emphasis:
I didn't really like it. (less strong)
I really didn't like it. (more strong)

Free time
You can:
go see a movie/a play/a band(= a music group) play con1puter gan·1es play the guitar
go out for a n1eal I a drink
People also enjoy music (from hip-hop and rap to
go clubbingI shopping I fishing
jazz and soul), films/movies (from action movies and
go to the parkI beach I cinernaI movies
thrillers to romantic comedies and period dramas) and
go round I over lo son1eone's house
the a rts(= visual arts, literature and performing arts).
go for a walk/ a drive in the country
The phrase 'performing arts' refers to arts performed
meet up with I get together with a feiu friends
live on a stage, and these include theatre, classical ballet,
have a few friends over for dinner
contemporary dance, opera and music of all kinds.
have a quiet night in and ivatch TV /a DVD
Many people like to do some kind of physical exercise
To invite people to do these things you can say:
to keep fit/in good shape and lose weight. But after the
Are you doing anything later? initial enthusiasm it's very easy to give up/quit (= stop
Do you fancy going clubbing tonight? doing it).
Shall we go see a 1novie?
otice the prepositions. We say ...
A few of us are .... Why don't you join us/ come along too?
You can bring Sara - l' 111 sure she'd enjoy it. She's really into yoga. (=is very interested in it)
l'rn really interested in photography.
To reply you may want to express a preference:
My rnother's very keen on gardening.
I think I'd prefer to ... I'rn a big Jan offifties Arnerican rrzusica/s.
To be honest, I'd (1nuch) rather ...
Also note: It's interesting.I I' nz interested in it.

7-l
 35 LIKES, FREE TIME, INTERESTS
Exercises

35. 1 Underline the correct word in italics. 35.4 Match the activities in the box with the
1 Opera 7 Yes, I love I love it. comments below. You may have to check some
2 The restaurant? It was nothing especial I special. vocabulary in a dictionary.
3 The film? I didn't like it at all I absolutely.
4 I think I prefer I I'd prefer to eat after the film, not before. theatre playing football hiking watching a movie '
live music gardening yoga looking round a gallery
5 I go to the gym to try to lose weight I my weigh t .
6 I'm not very keen of I on classical music.
1 'We walked up t he valley and reached the top of the hill
7 To be honest. I'm not really inside I into football.
where w e were going to have lunch. Then the clouds
8 The art exhibit ion was a bit bored I boring.
came down and it started raining heavily. Luckily I had
9 I'm very interested I interesting in photography.
my waterproofs w ith me, but my backpack w ith the map
10 I love watching actors on a platform I the stage.
in it got soaked.'
35.2 Choose the right verb a- f to complete the 2 'I've seen the play a few t imes before, but this produdion
phrases 1-6. was fantast ic. The whole cast were superb, and some
a do b go c have d join e keep f play individual performances were o utst anding. The stage
design - the scenery and lighting - was also very well
1 0 out for a meal; round an art gallery; shopping
done.'
2 [J a health club; your friends in the bar later 3 ' He t ried to tackle me but it was definitely a fou l. The ref
3 L:l fit; in good shape gave a free kick and I crossed t he ball to Paulo on t he
4 LJ the garden; an evening course; yoga
other side of the pitch. He got past two defenders and
5 CJ foot ball; computer games; the guitar
took a shot - but it wen t wide.'
6 t..J a few friends over; a quiet night in 4 'I went to see this band last night - they were amazing.
35.3 Complete the dialogue by using one word from The singer kept jumping into the audience and crowd
list A and one from list B in each space. surfing, and the guitarist did some amazing solos.
They played a lot of t heir last album, which I love, and
--·----···-
!
A: bring can't fancy join kind me me meet much shall previewed a t rack or two from th eir next album .'
5 'It's a difficult pose - you have to t urn at the waist and
B: going her neither of rather stand tee up us we
____............ ·-- --~-- keep your arms and legs in alignment. Often I just fall
over 1 But t he teacher gives me props - like a wooden
EMILY: That new movie w i th Scarl ett Johansson is I block and a belt - to make it easier.'
I
on at the cinema tonight. 6 'Basically it was a rom com. The usual plot - boy meets
I RENA: Oh yes, I l ike her. girl, but then t hey can't get toget her because of all sorts
EMILY: 1_ __ !v1€.._t_.QO . Do you 2 __ ? of obstacles. You can say it's a cliche, but it was very
IRENA: Maybe. What time are you thinking of? funny and t hey did it very well . I read the reviews and the
EMILY: It begins at eight. critics didn't like it, but t hey are always so snobbish .'
IRENA: I was going to 3__ with a few 7 'We have a lawn - I have to cut the grass every week in
friends and then go clubbing afterwards. the summer - and around it there are borders w it h plants
But Alex is goin g t o be there and I and shrubs. It's quite a lot of work to make it all look
4
- - ........ --- him. nice, but I love it - particularly in the spring when the
5 trees are in blossom.'
EMILY: ·-------- . He's a real idiot.
IRENA : I don 't know what to do now. To be 8 'In one room there were some wonderful Impressionist
honest, I'd 6_______________ see the film, but I landscapes, and in another some Italian Renaissance
.
promised Grace I'd go clubbing. paintings - I liked one particular portrait from the late
EMILY: You can 7 ___________ • __ as well - I'm sure fifteenth cen tury.'
she'd enjby it. Why don't you ask her?
35. 5 Find a word from Exercise 35.4 that matches
IRENA: I don't really like doing that type of thing.
each definition below. The words appear in order.
Everyone expects us to go clubbing.
E MILY: OK, no problem. 1 All the performers in a play, film, etc -·-
IRENA: Hey - why don't you 8 tonight? 2 An attempt in sport to throw, kick or hit a ball (usually
towards t he place where you get a point) _ _ __
I t'd be great if you could com e too.
EMILY: You know I'm not really into clubbing. It's 3 A song or piece of music that is recorded _ _ __
just not my 9 thing. 4 Events that fo rm t he main story of a book, film or play
IRENA: OK. 10 go and see the m ovie on
5 Painting, drawing or photograph of a person _ _ __
Friday instead?

Social English 75
 Home, city, cou.ntry

Home and family City

You live in a house or an apartment (BrE a flat). Here is some vocabulary to describe your city.
A house is a b uilding. The v.rord 'home' is n1ore City life
emotiona l - it refers to all the people in the house be in a hurn; I rush, cosmopolitan/ rnultiracial atmosphere,
and your pleasant feelings about them. It is also more stress, (no) sense of conrniunity, job opportunities
general and can refer to the place w here you grew up, ~

Places/Buildings
the city/country \.vhere you live, etc.
con1mercial district, city centre (AmE downtown), housing
I don't like being azvay from honze for too long - I start .to estate, in the suburbs, interesting architecture, office block,
miss n1y children. on the outskirts (= areas furthes t from the centre),
I'm going to be at home this evening. residential area, surrounding area, tower block
T work in Shanghai but I go home to the States a couple of
Trans port ,
times a year.
bus/cycle lanes, comrnute(r), get stuck in traffic, metro
To describe "'"here you live you often refer to the systern, crowded/unreliable public transport, rush hour
number of bedrooms and the location.
Things to do
It's a two-bedroom apartment in the city centre. entertainnrent, leisure facilities, nightlife
It's a three-bedroon1 semi-detached house(= joined on one
Problems
side only) in the suburbs.
begging, crirne rate, hon1elessness unsafe areas, pollution,
1
It's a four-bedroom detached house(= not joined to
vandalisrn
another) in a srriall town outside the city.
Talking points
Your family consists of your immediate family (parents,
healthcare, irnmigration, (lack of) parking, population
husband/wife/civil partner, children, brothers and
grocvth, property prices
sisters) and your relatives/ relations (aunts and uncles,
cousins, nephews and nieces, etc). Note that the vvord Advice to tourists
'cousin' does not have a different male/female form. famous sights, go sightseeing, good tin1.e to visit, old town,
Your in-lav.rs are your husband's or w ife's family, or souvenirI reminder I gift, springI su1nmer festival, tourist
your children's husbands and wives. attraction
Different typ es of family include nuclear families Country
(mother, father and children), single-parent families,
Here is some vocabulary to describe you r country.
extended families (where close relatives live nearby
and have a big role i11 family life), and families v.rith no Economy
children. main exports, n1ain industries, north-south divide, road/
rail/ air links, unemploy111ent
You can say:
Geography
I was born and brought up (AmE raised) in Paris.
coast, countryside, interior, landscape, rural areas, scenery
I grew up(= went from child to adult) in Paris.
I'm single/m.arried/in a civil partnership/separated/ History
divorced I widowed. battle, be invaded by, defeated, established, fought u1ith,
I got nrarried when I was 30. gained/lost our independence, great moment, introduced,
Things didn't work out and ive got divorced. reunited, ruled, sixteenthI seven teen th century, terrible
I live with my partner. tragedy
We're (not) a ven; close family.
I have tivo kids/ children - a boy and a girl.
She looks just like her mother.
He's got his father's nose.
It runs in the family.

76
Exercises 36 HOME, CITY, COUNTRY

36.1 Fill in the missing letters. 36.5 Jack is talking about his city. Complete what he
1 Your mother and fa t her are your p _____ s. says with the words in the box.
2 Your mother's and father's sisters and brothers are your
a ___ s and u____ s. atmosphere blocks community
3 The children of the people who are the answer to #2 are commute crowded entertainment hurry
your c s. locals lonely opportunities property stuck
4 Your husband's (or wife's) fam ily are your i -I s.
5 Beyond your immediate fami ly, the rest of your fami ly are Let me describe my city. There's a downtown area
your re ___ ives/re. .. __ions. - that's our central commercial d istrict - w ith lots of
office 1 blocks built in the sixties and seventi es.
36.2 Underline the correct word in italics.
There's also an old town that tourists like to visit during
1 I born/was born in Stockholm.
the day. In the evening it's the main area for nightlife,
2 I brought up/was brought up in Stockholm. 2
and the ------------ go to the restaurants and bars
3 I grew up/was grown up in Stockholm . as well as the tourists.
4 I got marriage I got married when I was 28. The residential areas are all further out. As you
5 I live with my companion I partner. move away from the centre, 3 prices get
6 He looks just like I as his father. cheaper. The problem is that if you live on the outskirts
7 I'm going to be at/in home this evening. and work in the centre, you have to think about your
8 I don't like being away from I out of home for too long . daily 4 _____________ . Public transport is very
5 ________________ and there's a lot of stress. but what
36.3 M atch a word o n the left with one on the right.
alternative is there? If you take your car into the centre,
Find a solution that uses each word once.
you get 6 in traffic , and then when you
1 city syst em arrive there's nowhere to park.
2 crime estate I don't have a family yet and most of the time I
3 cycle rate just work. But at the weekends I do get a c hance to
4 housing hour enjoy city life. There's a lot of 7__________________ on offer -
5 leisure centre c inemas. theatres, galleries. live music, comedy c lubs,
6 metro attraction just about everything you can think of.
7 rush area Of course ci ty life has its down sides as well.
8
8 summer lanes Everyone's in a ................ --------- and no-one stops to
9 surrounding facilities talk. There's no real sense of 9 _ ____ . I have

10 tourist fest ival friends, but they live all over the ci ty and I know very
few people from my local area. If you don't know
36.4 Complete the sentences with a w hole phrase 10
people, it can be a very ____ -------- life.
from Exercise 36.3. But in general I think I'm a city person. There are
1 If you want to find some nightlife, you have to go to the more job 11 ______ here than in a small town,
ci(/ cen tr1c and salaries are higher. And there's a real buzz on
2 I leave work quite late - around seven - but at least I the streets - a kind of energy. There's a cosmopolitan,
miss t he -------·-·---------·- . multiracial, tolerant 12 - a kind of 'Jive

3 Tourists who come to London ohen visit the .......... _ _ and let live' philosophy. I like that. !J
as well - places like W indsor Castle, Brighton and Oxford.
4 They put up CCTV camera s all over the city centre, and .

the ...... . .... . .. _____ has def initely fallen. 36.6 _Cover the opposite page with a piece of paper.
Now fill in the missing letters.
5 The ---------- __ .. in my town are q uite good - we have
a cinema, an ice ri(lk, a sw imming pool and a nice park 1 In the int___o r of the country we have some national
where the children can play. parks with beautiful sc_ _ _ry. You should go there -
6 In cities like Amsterdam, Cologne and Copenhagen t here's a wonderful 1.... __scape of mountains and lakes.
pedestrians have to be very careful. Not only are there 2 The statue you see over there is King M ichael. In t he
roads to cross, there are as well ! fo urteen th cen .......Y we were inv......ed by the Rubovians,
7 The locals don't go to the cast le. It's really just a and they ru __d a part of our country for f ifty years.
King Michael def _ __ed them in a great ba _ _le and the
8 Some years ago t hey built . . .s all over the coun t ry was _ _united again. It was a gr _ _t mo ___t in
city. Unfortunately we have a lot of problems w ith gangs our __ story.
and drugs in those areas now.

Social English 77
 Food and drink

What's on the menu? Describing drinks

Here is a list of common types of food. Use a dictionary Water can be ...
to check any unknown words.* bottled, sparkling, iced, mineral, still, tap.
Meat Wine can be ...
beef chicken, ham, lamb, pork, turkey, veal
dry, fruity, full-bodied, light, red, refreshjng, rose, s1nooth,
Fish sparkling, szveet, white.
cod, haddock, salmon, sardines, sea bass, sole, trout, tuna
If you are serious about wine, you will want to know
Seafood the country / region of origin and the variety of grape.
crab, prawns, shellfish (eg mussels), squid Alternatively, just order 'the house red' as a safe,
Vegetables inexpensive option. If it is corked (=has a bad taste
aubergine (AmE eggplant), avocado, beans, broccoli, because air has come into the bottle), send it back. "
cauliflower, carrot, courgettes (AmE zucchini), cucumber, Beer comes in two types in English-speaking countries.
lettuce, mushrooms, onions, peas, peppers, potatoes, spinach, European-style beer (light coloured, cold, with bubbles)
sweet potatoes, tomatoes is called lager. Traditional beer (darker, served at room
Fruit temperature, without bubbles) is called bitter or ale. A
apple, banana, cherry, clementine, grapes, kiwi fruit, Guinness-style beer is called a stout.
lemon, mango, melon, orange, peach, pear, pineapple, plunt, Beer can be bottled, or draught(= served with a pump
satsuma, strawberry, watermelon from a large container). If you drink draught beer in
Other a pub, you say whether you want 'a half' (approx 300
cheese, eggs, fl.our, garlic, herbs, noodles, nuts, olives, olive ml) or 'a pint' (600 ml).
oil, pasta, spices, sugar, pancake/ crepe, rice, vinegar
Talking about food
Describing food Food can be ...
Food can be prepared in many different ways. First you fast, junk, fresh, frozen, healthy, homemade, organic,
can ... overcooked I undercooked, raw, seasonal.
add something to it, cut it into slices, bea.t it, fill it, grate it, A meal can be ...
melt it, mince it, mix it, peel it, remove the skin, squeeze it,
delicious, heavy, light, three-course.
stir it.
A diet can be ...
Then you cook the food in the following ways:
healthy, balanced, gluten-free, high-fibre, lactose-free, low-
bake, barbecue, boil, fry, grill, rnicrowave, roast, smoke,
fat, vegetarian.
steam, stewI casserole, stir-fry.
And food/drink is no good if it is ...
After cooking the taste/texture can be ...
burnt, not fresh, not ripe yet, off, stale.
bitter, bland/ tasteless, creamy, fatty, juicy, mild, oily, rich,
salty, spicy I hot, sweet. Here are some useful phrases:

When you order steak, common options are rare, ls dinner nearly ready? I'm starving.
mediurrz rare, medium and well-done. No more for 1ne, thanks. I'm full.
I'll have a cup of tea, but no cake. It'll spoil my appetite.
I'1n glad we went for a walk before dinner. It's really given
me an appetite.
The salad dressing is niade from oil, vinegar and mustard.
That was delicious - you must give me the recipe.

*Many dictionaries (such as the Macrnillan Essential Dictionary) have colour pictures of vegetables and fruit.

78
 37 FOOD AND DRINK
Exercises

3 7 . 1 Write the foods in the box under the correct 37.4 Choose the right verb a-h to complete sentences
headings. 1- 8.
a add b cut c fill d melt
aubergine beef cauliflower cherry chicken e mince f peel g squeeze h stir
grapes haddock lamb lettuce mushrooms
nuts olive oil pineapple prawns salmon squid 1 0 a pancake with honey and lemon. Delicious!
strawberry trout tuna veal 2 [-) vegetables and small pieces of meat in a pan over a
high heat, and then add soy sauce and noodles. You
Meat Fish w ill make a classic Chinese dish.
3 0 butter and sugar to flour to start making a cake.
4 [J a potato into long thin pieces to make french fries
(BrE chips).
5 0 beef to start to prepare a bolognese sauce.
Vegetables Fruit 6 r.=J a banana or kiwi fruit because you can't eat the skin .
7 c=1 a lemon over your grilled fish so that all the juice
comes out.
8 D cheese over a low heat to make t he classic Swiss dish
------- called fondue.
Seafood Other
37 .5 Underline the correct words in italics.
1 Beer, coffee, lemons, tonic water and unsweetened
cocoa all have a bitter/salty taste.
37 .2 Find items of food on the page opposite that 2 If you prefer your fish cooked w ithout any oil, ask for it
match the explanations below. The answers are not to be fried I grilled.
included in Exercise 37 .1. 3 If you want the vitamins to stay in the vegetables, it is
1 In Italy people cut this meat into very thin slices and eat it better to boil I steam them.
raw - especially w ith melon. __ hatT]______ 4 Food that has very little taste is called bland I mild. If you
2 In Portugal people love to grill these small, silver fish. want a curry that is not too hot, then ask for it to be
·-·---- bland I mild.
3 This vegetable looks like a green cauliflower. People say it 5 When we cook bread or cakes in an oven, we use the
is one of the healthiest foods you can eat. ____ ---------- word bake I roast. But when we cook meat or vegetables
4 This long vegetable has a dark green skin. It is one of the in an oven we use the word bake I roast.
main ingredients in ratatouille, along w ith aubergines, 6 What kind of water would you like? With gas or without
peppers and tomatoes. ___ gas? I Still or sparkling?
5 If you can't find clementines, why not try s7
37.6 One of the items in the list does not go with the
They're very easy to peel and are usually seedless.
noun at the end. Cross it out.
6 In Italy they call it pasta . In Asia they call it .
. They look very similar to me! 1 dry I full-bodied I light I pink I sparkling w ine
7 Par~.ley, rosemary, thyme and basil are all _ _ _ __ 2 bottledI draught I local I fatty I refreshing beer
3 fast I junk I overcooked I raw I tap food
37 .3 Match the words in the box with the definitions 4 delicious I heavy I light I ripe I three-course meal
below.
37. 7 Fill in the missing letters.
course dish meal plate 1 Is dinner nearly ready? I'm sta__ ing .
2 No more for me, thanks. I'm ___ II.
1 an occasion when y,ou eat, or the food that you eat _ _ 3 No cake for me - it'll sp __I my app ____ .J e.
2 one of the parts of a meal _____ 4 The salad dr____ ing is made from oil, v_ __gar and
3 a flat dish that you use for eating or serving food ___ m.__ Jard.
4 a) a round container used for holding food b) food 5 That was delicious - you must give me the re ___ e.
cooked in a particular way _____ 6 If you order a drink in a pub, don't use the word 'beer' -
Now use each word once to complete the sentences below. it's too general. Instead, say 'I'll have a p__t of bi__er,
5 Breakfast, lunch and dinner are all s. please', or 'I 'd like a h__ f of I__ er, please'. If you like
6 I had a starter, a main and a dessert. Guinness, you will hope that the pub has dr__ght rather
7 Between your knife and fork on the table is your _ __ than bottled.
8 Ratatouille is a French _ __

Social English 79
 .

38)At the restaurant

Basic vocabulary Mini-dialogues with the waiter
The host invites the guest to go out for dinner. The host Look at the questions and answers.
may call the restaurant first: Are you ready to order?
I'd like to book/ reserve a table for Sprn tonight, please. - Yes, I think so. I'll have the srnoked salmon as my starter,
I'd like a table for two, please. and the chicken as my rnain.
Could I have a table by the window, please? - Not quite. Just give us a minute or tu10.
On the table in the restaurant you will find: knife/ What would you like to drink?
fork/ spoon, chopsticks, plate, side plate, soup bowl, - A bottle of the house white, please.
napkin, wate·r glass, wine glass, water jug, roll and - Oh, and can we have a bottle of mineral water to put in
butter, salt and pepper, menu and wine list. the rniddle?
The meal will have various courses: aperitif, starter, Would you like to see the dessert rnenu?
main course, dessert and coffee. - Yes, I think so.
At the end of the meal you pay the bill (BrE)/ - Better not, I'm on a diet.
check (AmE). Look to see whether a service charge - No thanks, I'll just have a coffee.
is included - if not you can give a tip directly to - No thanks, can you bring the bill, please?
the waiter (AmE server). And don't forget the most
important phrase in Business English: Phrases during the meal
Can l have a receipt, please? At the start of the meal you might say:
Enjoy your meal! I Bon appetit!
Discussing the menu Please, help yourself.
As you discuss the menu you might want to say: Cheers everyone! - Cheers!
It all looks very good. To Eva! I Here's to the project!
You should try ... They do it very well here. Then during the meal you might say:
It's a bit unusual. You may not like it. Nice place. Do you con1e here often?
I'm a vegetarian, although I sometimes eat fish. - I've been here a couple of times.
I' rn allergic to nuts I shellfish.
I like to choose a healthy option. This is very good. How's yours?
I'rn not very hungry -1 don't ivant a starter. - It's delicious/ excellent.
What are you having? Could you pass the water, please?
The waiter might say: - Here you are.
The specials are on the board over there. Shall we have another bottle?
It doesn't come with vegetables - you have to order them - J'rn fine, but please go ahead.
separately. And for conversation topics look at Units 34, 35 and 36.
Use the word 'the' to talk about specific food on the At the end of the meal you might say:
menu:
Waiter, can. we have the bill, please?
I'll have the fish. I I'rn going for the fish.
Let nie pay.
If an item looks unfamiliar, you may want to ask your
- No, this one's on me. You paid last ti1ne.
host - or the waiter - some questions.
What's it made of? I'll get this. You're my guest.
How's it cooked? - Thanks very much. The next time in. n1y countnJ you will
What does it taste like? be my guest.
What does it come with? This is on me. I insist.
The vocabulary in Unit 37 is useful in answering these - Are you sure?
questions. Also note the phrase It's a local speciality. Yes, the cornpany's paying.
When you've all decided, the host will say: - Well, that's very kind of you.
Shall we order now? It was a fantastic meal.
- I'm glad you enjoyed it.

80
 38 AT THE RESTAURANT
Exercises

38.1 Fill in the missing letters. 38.4 Complete each sentence by using a word from
1 The person who makes the invitation is the h __ t. list A in the first space, and a word from list B in the
The person who accepts the invitation is the gu_ . t. second.
2 In Japan and China they eat with cho icks, not a
knife and fork. A: bring enjoy have here's hungry order place
3 Use a nap n to keep clean . put ready specials ff)' unusual
-----
4 The water in the middle of the table can be in a bottle B: bill board ee like main meal middle often
or a ug. order portion project separately j
5 The Sahara is a desert. Ice cream is a d t.
6 In British English people ask for the bill at the end of the 1 You should __try the beef - they do it very
meal; in American English they ask for the ch well here.
7 The extra money you give the waiter is the t 2 It's a bit ____ . You may not it.
8 The piece of paper that shows you have paid for 3 You have to the vegetables
something is a rec _ t. 4 I'm not very _____ - I can only eat a small
9 Someone who does not eat meat is a veg __ . __ an.
10 If you become ill when you eat something, then you are 5 The - --·-·--··· are on the
all ic to it. 6 Are you to ?
11 These days people want to eat h thy food that is 7 I' 11 . __ the chicken as my
good for their body.
.1n
8 Can we have a bottle of mineral water to
12 If you need to eat, you are hu ry. If you need to drink, the ?
you are th sty. 9 to the
13 Dishes that do not appear on the menu every day are 10 __ your ____
called the spec s. 11 Nice _______ . Do you come here ?
14 Food that is made in a part icular restaurant or area and 12 Can you _______ the . please?
is always very good there is called a sp ity.
38.5 Complete the phrases by matching an item on
15 When you ask for food or drink in a restaurant, you
the left with an item on the right.
0 - _r it.
1 This is very good . How's me pay.
38.2 Put the following into the most logical order. 2 Could you pass dessert menu?
a be shown to your table 3 Shall we yours?
b make a reservation by phone 4 Would you like to see the a fantastic meal.
c chat while you wait for the main course 5 Let a tip?
d have a coffee and a thin mint chocolate 6 I'll get this. You're the water. please?
e have a starter 7 It was my guest.
f have a dessert 8 Should we leave have another bottle?
g leave a tip on a side plate
38.6 Complete the phrases by matching an item on
h look at the menu
the left with an item on the right.
order your food
J ask for the bill
a Better not. I'm you enjoyed it.
b Here you on a diet.
1 ;. 2 3 4 Se 6 7 8 9 10 c I'm glad go ahead.
38.3 Match an item on the left with an item on the d There's no need. Service delicious.
right. e No. this one's on me. You are.
f I'm fine. but please paid last time.
1 a table for course
• g Thanks very much . I'll is included .
2 house list
h It's invite you when you
3 local plate
come to my country.
4 main charge
5 service two 38. 7 Now match a question o r comment from Exercise
6 side red 38.5 (1 - 8) with a reply from Exercise 38.6 (a-h).
7 soup speciality 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8 wine bowl

Social English 81
 ·39·· Leaving and saying goodbye
. .
·.-

., :)
. .·•'',

Ending a conversation at work A full leaving dialogue

To end a conversation at work you can say: A full leaving dialogue, for example at the end of a
Well, I should get back to zvork nozv. business trip, might be something like this. First one
Anyway, I'd better get on. (= continue working) person (usually the visitor) gives a warning that they
I have to go now. I'll catch you later. need to leave.
ls that the time? I think I should be going.
Mini-dialogues for leaving It's getting late. I have to be off now.
With people you know well the lines of a leaving It's time to make a move(= leave).
dialogue may be very short. The host can reply:
See you tomorrow I later I soon I on Friday. Oh, so soon?
- OK. Bye. Oh, already? ..
Bye for nozv. The visitor gives a reason.
- Bye. I have a long day to1norrow. My flight leaves at 7.30 in the
Bye Angela, I'm off (= I'm going now) morning.
- Bye. See you tarnorrow. The host shows interest and continues the conversation
a little longer.
Have a good weekend.
- You too./Same to you. Really? That means a 6.30arn check-in. Will you get a
chance to have breakfast in the hotel?
The words Take care and Cheers are also informal ways
of saying goodbye. After a short time the host makes a final 'thank you'
and a reference to the success of the visit.
With people you don't know well the lines are a little
longer. Well, thank you very much for coming. I think we had a very
useful meeting.
It was nice meeting you.
- Nice to meet you, too. And the visitor replies by thanking the host.
Yes, the meeting was very good. And thanks very much for
It was really good to see you again.
all your help these last few days. I really appreciate it.
- Sarne here. It was great working with you, as always.
To which the host can reply:
Don't forget to keep in touch.
Not at all. It's been a pleasure.
- I won't. And thanks again.
Not at all. It was my pleasure.
Thank you again for coming. Now it's time for the visitor to make a second reference
- Thanks for inviting me. I really enjoyed niy trip. to leaving.
Hopefully, see you next year. Well, I really must be going now.
- Yes. See you next ti1ne. I look forward to it. The host replies by wishing the visitor a good trip.
If you're ever in Lisbon, give me a call. It's been very nice meeting you again. Have a good trip, and
- Thanks. Will do. zve' II be in touch.
Goodbye. Have a safe journey. Finally someone says goodbye.
- Goodbye. And thanks again for everything. See you in Hamburg in May. Bye.
Sometimes you need to get away quickly. One way Give my regards to everyone in Toulouse. Bye.
is to say goodbye to everyone rather than individual Goodbye. All the best.
people. Notice at the start and end of this section how the
OK, have a nice weekend everyone. phrases I should be going and I really must be going are
I've just come to say goodbt;e. I'm leaving now. more friendly than I should go and I really must go.
If someone asks a last-minute question you can say:
Can zve leave it until Monday? I really have to go.
Call me tomorrow - we can discuss it then.

82
 39 LEAVING AND SAYING GOODBYE
Exercises

39.1 Complete each phrase with the correct ending. Now match phrase numbers 1- 8 with the most
1 Bye, Duncan . I'm you later. appropriate statements below.
2 Don't forget to keep get on. The other person is going on a journey. 0::: D
3 Anyway, I'd better meeting you. The other person is moving to a new city/job/etc. r ]
4 Have a
5 It was nice
6 I have to go now. I'll catch
in touch.
give me a call.
off.
You will meet again soon and the situation is informal.
You are not sure if you will meet again. _ _:: = ]

39.6 Complete each space by using one word from list

7 Thank you again good weekend.
A and one f rom list B.
8 If you're ever in Lisbon, for coming .

39.2 Look back at Exercise 39.1. Match each comment A: for get getting going long really should your
1- 8 with the most appropriate reply a- h below. B: appreciate be day everything help home tale now
a Bye. See you tomorrow.
b Thanks for inviting me - I really enjoyed my trip. We'll Visitor
be in touch. a) Is that the time? It's getting late . I think I
I c Yeah, me too. I have that report to write. . going .
J d You too. b) Goodbye. And thanks again _
e I won't. And thanks again. c) I'd love to carry on talking, but I've got a
f Thanks. Will do. __ tomorrow. I'm flying back to Jakarta.
g Nice to meet you, too. d) Yes, the meeting was very positive. And thanks very
h Yeah, at the meeting, if not before. much for all these last few days. I

39.3 Look back at Exercise 39.2. Find: ·---····· - -- it.

e) Well, I really must be _______
1 Two dialogues where colleagues at work say goodbye at
f) It's a 14-hour journey, and then I have another hour to
the end of the day. 1a --· __ _____ _ from the airport.
2 Two dialogues for ending a conversation at work in the
middle of the day. Continue as before.
3 One dialogue where the people have just talked briefly
for the first time and may not meet again. _ A: at how in meeting so useful very
4 Two dialogues at the end of a business trip where the
B: all long meeting much soon touch you
people will probably meet again.
5 One dialogue at the end of a business trip where the Host
people may or may not meet again. _ g) Well. thank you for coming. I think we
had a very
39.4 Com plete each phrase by matching an item on
h) is the flight?
the left with one on the right.
i) It's been very nice .. . Have a safe
1 It was be going.
journ ey tomorrow, and we'll be
2 I should get great working w ith you.
j) Not __ . It's been a pleasure.
3 Give care !
k) Oh, _ ?
4 I have in touch !
5 Keep back to work now. 39. 7 Look back at Exercise 39.6. Put lines a-k into
6 Can we leave forward to it. order to make a dialogue.
7 I look it until Monday? Visitor Host
8 It's time to make my regards to Monique. 1 Id 2
'-"'-' -'
9 I really should • a move. 3
·-~

4
10 Take a long day tomorrow. 5 6 J.,

39.5 Fill in the missing letters. 7 __J 8

1
9 ....J 10
1 Goodbye! Have a s jou . _ey!
11 ·5·1
2 Bye! S y _! ·- -·1

3 Goodbye. See you again s e t e.

4 Bye! T_ e c e. Give me a call when you get back.
5 Goodbye. I hope we m _t a_ _ n s n .
6 Bye!C __eb ksoon!
7 Goodbye and good I k !
8 Bye f . n
Social English 83
 •
Social English: summary and review

Greetings and introductions Free time

People you know go see a movie I a play I a band
How are you? - I'm good thanks, and you? - Good. go out for a rneal I a drink
Did you have a good weekend? go round/over to someone's house
Hi, how's it going? rneet up with/get together with a fetv friends
How are things? have a quiet night in and watch TV ~

People you don't know

Home, city, country
I don't think we've met. My name's Susan Atkins. I'm th~
Sales Rep for this area. - Nice to meet you Susan. I'm Ying Li. Family
I greiv up in Paris.
Introductions
I'm single I married I separated Id ivorced.
Anne: Brian, come over here. I want you to meet someone.
I have two kids/ children - a boy and a girl. "
Brian: Hi.
Anne: Brian, this is Claudia, a colleague of mine from City
Austria. be in a rush, cosmopolitan atmosphere, stress, (no) sense of
Brian: Nice to meet you, Claudia. community, job opportunities
Claud ia: Nice to meet you too, Brian. bus/ cycle lanes, commute(r), get stuck in traffic, croivded/
unreliable public transport
Welcoming visitors entertainment, leisure facilities, nightlife
At the airport Country
Welcome to Switzerland. main exports/industries, north-south divide
Let me help you with your bags. coast, countryside, landscape, scenery
Did you have a good flight?
ls this your first time in Zurich? At the restaurant
At the office Discussing the menu
It's nice to finally meet you in person. It all looks very good.
Have a seat. You should try .. . They do it very well here.
Would you like something to drink? I'm a vegetarian, although I sometimes eat fish.
How was your journey? I think I'll have the fish.
OK, let's get down to business. Start of the meal
Enjoy your meal!
Small talk Cheers everyone! - Cheers!
Talking to strangers To Eva!
This food looks good ... By the way, I'm Patricia. During the meal
Excuse me, do you mind if I join you? Nice place. Do you came here often?
So where are you from originally? This is very good. How's yours?
How long are you here for? Shall we have another bottle?
What do you do, by the way?
End of the meal
Who do you work for?
Waiter, can we have the bill, please?
And where are you based?
This one's on me. You paid last time.
Topics I'll get this. You're my guest.
Can I get you anything from the buffet?
What lovely I awful weather! Leaving
How's business? Is that the tirne? I think I should be going.
Have you been to Marrakesh? See you later I tom.arrow.
Are you going on holiday this year? Bye for now.
One time I met this guy /woman who .. . Have a good weekend.
A strange thing happened to me once. It was really good to see you again.
Don't forget to keep in touch.
Have a safe journey.

84
 40 SOCIAL ENGLISH: SUMMARY AND REVIEW
Exercises

40.1 Loo k at the mini-dialogues below and think of 40.3 Complete the comments with the words in the
one word for each space. Several answers may be box.
possible.
Hi Charles, 1 _ _ are you7
l a drink commute countryside crowded
- I'm good thanks, and you? go out for grew up in a rush leisure
2 main industries meet up with north-south
night in single small town stuck in traffic
Hi, how's it 3 /
- Not 4 __ . And you? 1 At the weekends I like to _ _ _ _ _ friends. Either
we a meal, or we go see a movie.
How are 5- - - 7
2 There's so much stress. Everyone's always _ _ _ __
- It's really 6 _______ at the moment.
3 I in a little town just outside Krakow.
I don't think we've 7- - - - · - - . My name's Patricia Hwang. 4 I have a one-hour _ every day - I always
I'm the Sales Rep for this area . get _ _ _ __
s ____ to meet you Patricia. 5 I'm , but I have a long-term partner.
Anne: Brian, 9 _ _ _ _ is Claudia, a colleague of mine 6 Our are aerospace, automobile
production and telecommunications.
from Austria.
7 Public transport is and unreliable.
Brian: Nice to meet you, Claudia.
Claudia: Nice to meet you 10 _______ , Brian. 8 She invited me to go for tonight, but to
be honest I'd rather just have a quiet and
11
Is that the time? I think I _____ be going. watch TV.
- Oh, so 12 / 9 There are plenty of job opportunities - more than in a
Bye for 13 _ _ _ _ __
- Bye. See you 14_____ _ 1O There's a lot to do: entertainment, _ _ _ __
facilities, nightlife.
15_______ a good weekend.
11 We have a strong divide.
16
too. 12 In the interior we have some lovely with
It was 17 . good to see you again. beautiful scenery.
- Same here. It was great working with you, as 18_ _ __
40.4 Look back at Exercise 40.3. Match the comments
19 above with the topics below.
Don't forget to keep in _ _ __
- I won't. And 20 _ _ _ again for everything. Free time OJD
These word s give one possible solution: always, bad,
Family/Origins 0D
busy, going, good, have, how, later, met, nice, now,
City DODOO
really, should, soon, thanks, things, this, too, touch,
Country 0 DD (economy/geography)
you. 40.5 Match the beginning and end of each phrase.
1 Cheers here often?
40.2 Fill in the missing letters.
2 This one's everyone !
1 And wh __e are you bas._ _1
3 Nice place. Do you come looks very good .
2 Did you have a good fl___t? your meal!
4 I'll get this. You're
3 Excuse me, do you m___ if I j __ n you?
5 I think I'll have the on me.
4 Have a s__t.
6 Enjoy the bill, please?
5 How long are you here ____ ?
7 It all try the lamb.
6 How was your j ____ey'
8 This is very good. How's fish.
7 Is this your first "time __ Riga / my guest.
9 Can we have
8 It's nice to finally meet you _ _ p_ ·- __ n
10 You should yours?
9 OK, I__ ·s g __ d ___ t_ business.
10 So where are you from orig _____y? 40.6 Look back at Exercise 40.5. Match the comments
11 This food looks good . Much better than you usually get above with the topics below.
at things like this. B_ t ___ w ___ , I'm Alan . Discussing the menu D0 D
12 Welcome Latvia. Start of the meal OJ 0
13 What __ you __ , by the way' During the meal DO
14 Who do you work __ .. ? End of the meal DOD

Social English 85