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Unit-2 Induction Motor

The three-phase induction motor is the most widely used electric motor in industry. It runs at a constant speed from no load to full load, though speed can be dependent on frequency. It has a simple and rugged construction with a stator winding fed from a three-phase supply and a rotor winding that derives power through induction. While suitable for constant speed, induction motors are not easily adapted for speed control.

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JayantSharma
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145 views8 pages

Unit-2 Induction Motor

The three-phase induction motor is the most widely used electric motor in industry. It runs at a constant speed from no load to full load, though speed can be dependent on frequency. It has a simple and rugged construction with a stator winding fed from a three-phase supply and a rotor winding that derives power through induction. While suitable for constant speed, induction motors are not easily adapted for speed control.

Uploaded by

JayantSharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Three Phase Induction Motor

• The three-phase induction motors are the most widely used electric
motors in industry.
• They run at essentially constant speed from no-load to full-load.
However, the speed is frequency dependent and consequently these
motors are not easily adapted to speed control.
• We usually prefer D.C. motors when large speed variations are
required. Nevertheless, the 3-phase induction motors are simple,
rugged, low-priced, easy to maintain and can be manufactured with
characteristics to suit most industrial requirements.
• Like any electric motor, a 3-phase induction motor has a stator and a
rotor. The stator carries a 3-phase winding (called stator winding)
while the rotor carries a short-circuited winding (called rotor
winding).
• Only the stator winding is fed from 3-phase supply. The rotor winding
derives its voltage and power from the externally energized stator winding
through electromagnetic induction and hence the name.
• The induction motor may be considered to be a transformer with a rotating
secondary and it can, therefore, be described as a “transformer type” AC
machine in which electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy.
• Advantages
(i) It has simple and rugged construction.
(ii) It is relatively cheap.
(iii) It requires little maintenance.
(iv) It has high efficiency and reasonably good power factor.
(v) It has self starting torque.
• Disadvantages
(i) It is essentially a constant speed motor and its speed cannot be changed
easily.
(ii) Its starting torque is inferior to D.C. shunt motor.
Construction
Stator:
• It consists of a steel frame which encloses a hollow, cylindrical core made
up of thin laminations of silicon steel to reduce hysteresis and eddy
current losses.
• A number of evenly spaced slots are provided on the inner periphery of
the laminations .
• The insulated conductors are connected to form a balanced 3-phase star or
delta connected circuit.
• The 3-phase stator winding is wound for a definite number of poles as
per requirement of speed. Greater the number of poles, lesser is the
speed of the motor and vice-versa.
• When 3-phase supply is given to the stator winding, a rotating
magnetic field of constant magnitude is produced.
• This rotating field induces currents in the rotor by electromagnetic
induction.
Rotor
Squirrel cage rotor:
• It consists of a laminated cylindrical core having parallel slots on its
outer periphery.
• One copper or aluminium bar is placed in each slot.
• All these bars are joined at each end by metal rings called end rings .
• This forms a permanently short-circuited winding which is
indestructible. The entire construction (bars and end rings) resembles a
squirrel cage and hence the name.
• The rotor is not connected electrically to the supply but has current
induced in it by transformer action from the stator.
• Those induction motors which employ squirrel cage rotor are called
squirrel cage induction motors.
• Most of 3-phase induction motors use squirrel cage rotor as it has a
remarkably simple and robust construction enabling it to operate in the
most adverse circumstances.
• However, it suffers from the disadvantage of a low starting torque. It is
because the rotor bars are permanently short-circuited and it is not
possible to add any external resistance to the rotor circuit to have a large
starting torque.
Wound rotor:
• It consists of a laminated cylindrical core and carries a 3-phase winding,
similar to the one on the stator.
• The rotor winding is uniformly distributed in the slots and is usually star-
connected.
• The open ends of the rotor winding are brought out and joined to three
insulated slip rings mounted on the rotor shaft with one brush resting on each
slip ring.
• The three brushes are connected to a 3-phase star-connected rheostat. At
starting, the external resistances are included in the rotor circuit to give a
large starting torque.
• These resistances are gradually reduced to zero as the motor runs up to speed.

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