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AISC DG31 Example 002

NON-COMPOSITE CELLULAR BEAM DESIGN

EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
A 40 ft-long roof beam with simple supports, as shown below, will be evaluated
as a non-composite cellular section subject to uniform loading. Assume that
connections exist on either end to provide stability during construction and that the
connections are sufficiently rigid to prevent web post buckling at the first web post
on each end.

GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING

Member Properties Geometry Loading

W12x14 →LB18x14 Span, L = 40 ft wd = 139 plf (Dead Load)

E = 29000 ksi Spacing, 5 ft. o.c. wl = 100 plf (Live Load)
Fy = 50 ksi Bracing, Lb = 0 in
D0 =12.3 in.
e =4.5 in.

TECHNICAL FEATURES OF ETABS TESTED

Composite beam design of a non-composite cellular beam.

AISC DG31 Example 002 - 1

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RESULTS COMPARISON

Independent results in this table are taken from the hand calculations presented
below. These calculations parallel, and at times adjust, the calculations presented
in Example 4.2 from “Design Guide 31: Castellated and Cellular Beam Design”,
Design Guide Series Number 31, AISC 2016.

Percent
Output Parameter ETABS Independent
Difference

Axial Force in Tee at 11th Opening, 45.71 45.71 0.00%

Pu (kip)

Vierendeel Moment in Tee at 11th 2.57 2.57 0.00%

Opening, Mvu (kip-in.)

Compressive Strength of Top Tee, 51.65 51.65 0.00%

ΦPn (kip)

Bending Strength of Top Tee, ΦΜn 26.79 26.79 0.00%

(kip-in)

Interaction Equation for Top Tee at 0.97 0.97 0.00%

11th Opening

Horizontal Shear at 1st Web Post, 6.3 6.3 0.00%

Vuh, (kip)

Local Bending Moment at 1st Web 34.89 34.89 0.00%

Post, Muh (kip-in)

Horizontal Shear Capacity of Web 27.0 27.0 0.00%

Posts, ΦVn-horiz (kip)

Bending Strength of Web Posts, 83.32 83.32 0.00%

ΦΜocr(kip-in)

Vertical Shear at 1st Opening Top 3.12 3.12 0.00%

Tee, Vu-tee

AISC DG31 Example 002 - 2

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Top Tee Shear Capacity, ΦVn-tee 15.97 15.97 0.00%

(kip)

Vertical Shear at Beam Ends, Vu 6.54 6.54 0.00%

(kip)

Gross Section Shear Capacity, 68.0 68.0 0.00%

ΦVn-gross (kip)

Dead Load Deflection (in.) 1.63 1.63 0.00%

Live Load Deflection (in.) 1.17 1.17 0.00%

COMPUTER FILE: AISC DG31 EXAMPLE 002.EDB

CONCLUSION

The ETABS results show an excellent comparison with the independent results.

AISC DG31 Example 002 - 3

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HAND CALCULATION

Section Properties:

Root Section:
W12x14:
A = 4.16 in2, d = 11.9 in, tw = 0.200 in, bf = 3.97 in, tf = 0.225 in
Sx = 14.9 in3, Z = 17.4 in3, Ix = 88.6 in4
Hole Dimensions:
D0 = 12.3in.
e = 4.5 in.
S =e + D0 =4.5 + 12.6 =16.8in.
2 2 2 2
D0  D   S − D0  12.3  12.3   16.8 − 12.3 
loss = −  0  −  =−   − 0.426in.
 =
2  2   2  2  2   2 
D0 12.3
d g =d + − loss =11.9 + − 0.426 =17.6in.
2 2
d g − D0 17.62 − 12.3
dt − net
= = = 2.66in.
2 2
y = (0.5 D0 ) 2 − (0.225 D0 ) 2 = (0.5 • 12.3) 2 − (0.225 • 12.3) 2 = 5.49in.

D0 12.3
dt −crit = − y + dt − net = − 5.49 + 2.66= 3.32in.
2 2
Properties of Top and Bottom Tees at Opening Centers:
Moment of inertia about x-axis – with the fillet radius taken as zero:

Area Distance to Ay Ay2 I0

A (in2) Flange Mid (in.3) (in.4) (in.4)
Depth y (in.)
Flange 0.89 0 0 0 0.004
Stem 0.49 1.33 0.65 0.863 0.241
Tee 1.38 0.65 0.863 0.245

AISC DG31 Example 002 - 4

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Distance from centroid to flange mid-depth:

0.65
y=
0 −tee = 0.47 in.
1.38
I x −tee = ∑ I + ∑ Ay
0
2
− Atee y02−tee = 0.245 + 0.863 − 1.38 • 0.47 2 = 0.80 in.4

Atee − net = b f t f + tw (dt − net − t f ) = 3.97 • 0.225 + 0.225 • (2.66 − 0.225) = 1.38in 2

Properties of Top and Bottom Tees at Critical Sections:

Moment of inertia about x-axis – with the fillet radius taken as zero:

Area Distance to Ay Ay2 I0

A (in2) Flange Mid (in.3) (in.4) (in.4)
Depth y (in.)
Flange 0.893 0 0 0 0.004
Stem 0.619 1.66 1.027 1.705 0.494
Tee 1.512 1.027 1.705 0.498

Distance from centroid to flange mid-depth:

1.027
y0−=
tee − crit = 0.68 in.
1.512
Note that the shear center of the tee is located at the center of its flange and the above
value of y0 differs from the value published in the actual DG31 example, resulting in
different values of the torsional or flexural-torsional elastic buckling stress of the top
tees at critical sections and of their compressive strength.

I x −tee −crit = ∑ I 0 + ∑ Ay 2 − Atee −crit y02 = 0.498 + 1.705 − 1.512 • 0.682 = 1.505 in.4

I x −tee −crit 1.505

r=
x −tee − crit = = 1.0in.
Atee −crit 1.512
I x −tee −crit 1.505
=S x −tee −crit = = 0.5954in 3
dt − ( y0−tee −crit + 0.5t f ) 3.32 − ( 0.68 + 0.5 • 0.225 )

AISC DG31 Example 002 - 5

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Moment of inertia about y axis:

t f b3f ( dtee −crit − t f ) tw 0.225 • 3.973 ( 3.32 − 0.225 ) • 0.23

3

I y −tee −crit = + = + 1.175in 4

=
12 12 12 12
I y −tee −crit 1.175
r=
y −tee − crit = = 0.88in.
Atee −crit 1.51

Torsional Constant – from Roark and Young’s Formulas for Stress and Strain 5th
Edition Table 20:

J tee −crit = K1 + K 2 + α D 4
where:

1 b b4 
K1 =ab3  − 0.21 1 − 
3 a  12a 4  

1 d d 4 
cd 3  − 0.105 1 −
K2 = 
3 c  192c 4  

d
α = 0.15
b
and with: =
a b=
f 3.97 in. , b= D= t =
f 0.225 in. , c = dt − t f = 3.32 − 0.225 = 3.09in.
, and d= tw= 0.2in. :

1 0.225 
3 0.2254  
3.97 • 0.225  − 0.21
K 1= 1 − 4 
0.0145in 4
=
3 3.97  12 • 3.97  

1 0.2  0.24 
3.09 • 0.23  − 0.105
K2 =  1 − 4 
0.0081in 4
=
3 3.09  192 • 3.09  

0.2
=α 0.15
= 0.133
0.225
J tee −crit = 0.0145 + 0.0081 + 0.133 • 0.2254 = 0.023in 4

d g − 2 ( 0.5t f + y0−tee −crit ) =

d effec −tee −crit = 17.62 − 2 ( 0.5 • 0.225 + 0.68 ) =
16.04in.

AISC DG31 Example 002 - 6

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Properties of Net Section:

Moment of inertia about x-axis – with the fillet radius taken as zero:

Area Distance to Ay Ay2 I0

A (in2) Bottom y (in.) (in.3) (in.4) (in.4)
Top Tee 1.38 17.04 23.5 400.9 0.8
Bottom Tee 1.38 0.58 0.8 0.5 0.8
Net Section 2.76 24.3 401.4 1.61
24.3
y=
0 − net = 8.8 in.
2.76
I x = ∑ I 0 + ∑ Ay 2 − Anet y02− net = 1.61 + 401.4 − 2.76 • 8.82 = 188.6 in.4

Global and Local Forces at 11th Opening:

Loading:
wu = 1.2wd + 1.6wl = 1.2 • 0.139 + 1.6 • 0.10 = 0.3268 kip/ft
Location:
x =e + 10S + 0.5D0 =3 + 10 • 16.8 + 0.5 • 12.3 =178.65in.
Global Shear:
L  178.65
V=
u  0.3268 • (20 −
wu  − x= =) 1.67 kips
2  12
Global Bending Moment:
wu x 0.3268 • 178.65  178.65 
M
= u ( L −=
x)  40 − =  61.1kip-ft
2 2 • 12  12 
Axial Force in Tees:
Mu 61.1 • 12
=Pu = = 45.71kips
d effec −tee −crit 16.04

Vierendeel Moment in Tees:

Vu  D0  1.67 • 12.3
M vu
= =   = 2.57 kip-in
2 4  2•4

AISC DG31 Example 002 - 7

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Compressive Strength of Top Tees at Critical Sections:

Torsional or Flexural-torsional Elastic Buckling Stress:

Lcy K y (0.5 D0 ) 1 • 0.5 • 12.3
= = = 6.976
ry −tee −crit ry −tee −crit 0.88

π 2E π 2 29000
=Fey = 2
= 5881ksi
 Lcy  6.9762
 
 ry −tee −crit 
I x −tee −crit + I y −tee −crit 1.505 + 1.175
r02 =
x02 + y02−tee −crit + 0.682 +
= 2.23in 2
=
Atee −crit 1.512
GJ tee −crit 11200 • 0.023
=Fez = = 76.13ksi
Atee −crit r02 1.51 • 2.234
Note that the above value of Fez differs from the value published in the actual DG31
example, not just because it is computed based on a different value of y0, but also
because the above value of Fez omits the term with Cw in AISC Equation E4-7 in
accordance with the User Note in AISC Section E4, whereas the DG31 example only
omits Cw. These two differences result in markedly different values of Fe, Fcr, ΦPn and
the interaction ratios for the top tees at critical sections here and in the actual DG31
example.
x 2 + y02−tee −crit 0.682
1− 0
H= 1−
= 0.793
=
r02 2.234

 4 Fey Fez H 
 Fey + Fez

=Fe   1 − 1 −
( Fey + Fez ) 
2
 2H 

 5881 + 76.13   4 • 5881 • 76.13 • 0.793 
=   1 − 1 − =  75.9 ksi
( 5881 + 76.13)
2
 2 • 0.793   

Critical Stress:
 Fy
  50

=Fcr =0.658 Fe  Fy  0.658
= 75.9
 50 37.954 ksi
   
 

AISC DG31 Example 002 - 8

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Nominal Compressive Strength:

φ Pn =
φ Fcr Atee−crit =0.9 • 37.954 • 1.512 =51.65 kips

Bending Strength of Top Tees at Critical Sections:

Yielding:
φ M p = φ M y = φ Fy S x −bot −tee −crit = 0.9 • 50 • 0.5954 = 26.79 kip-in
Local Buckling of Tee Stem:
E
Because d / tw < 0.84 , Fcr = Fy and
Fy

φ M n = φ Fcr S x −bot = 0.9 • 50 • 0.5954 = 26.79 kip-in

Interaction Equation for Top Tee at Critical Section at 11th Opening:

Equation H1-1a:
Pu 8 M vu 45.7 8 2.57
+ = + =0.97 controls
φ Pn 9 φ M n 51.65 9 26.79
Equation H1-1b:
Pu M 45.7 2.57
+ vu= + = 0.54
2φ Pn φ M n 2 • 51.65 26.79

Global and Local Bending Moments at 1st Web Post:

Global Bending Moment at 1st Opening:

x1 =e + 0.5D0 =4.5 + 0.5 • 12.3 =10.65in.
wu x1 0.3268 • 10.65  10.65 
M=
u1 (L − =
x1 )  40 − =  5.672 kip-ft
2 2 • 12  12 
Global Bending Moment at 2nd Opening:
x2 = e + S + 0.5D0 = 4.5 + 16.8 + 0.5 • 12.3 = 27.45in.
wu x2 0.3268 • 27.45  27.45 
M=
u2 ( L − x=
2)  40 − =  14.097 kip-ft
2 2 • 12  12 

AISC DG31 Example 002 - 9

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Horizontal Shear Force in Web Post:

M u 2 − M u1 14.097 − 5.672
=Vuh = = 6.303kip
d effec 16.04 /12

Bending Moment in Web Post:

D0 12.3
M uh =0.9 Vuh =0.9 • • 6.303 =34.89 kip-in.
2 2

Web Post Horizontal Shear Strength:

φVn − horiz = φv 0.6 Fy etw = 0.6 • 50 • 4.5 • 0.2 = 27.0 kips

Web Post Flexural Strength:

Elastic Bending Moment:

tw ( S − D0 + 0.564 D0 ) 2 0.2(16.8 − 12.3 + 0.564 • 12.3) 2
=Me = Fy = 50 218 kip-in.
6 6
Buckling Moment:
2
D  D 
C1 =
5.097 + 0.1464  0  − 0.00174  0 
 tw   tw 
2
 12.3   12.3 
= 5.097 + 0.1464   − 0.00174  
 0.2   0.2 
= 7.52
2
D  D 
C2 =
1.441 + 0.0625  0  − 0.000683  0 
 tw   tw 
2
 12.3   12.3 
= 1.441 + 0.0625   − 0.000683  
 0.2   0.2 
= 2.70

AISC DG31 Example 002 - 10

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2
D  D 
C3 =
3.645 + 0.0853  0  − 0.00108  0 
 tw   tw 
2
 12.3   12.3 
= 3.645 + 0.0853   − 0.00108  
 0.2   0.2 
= 4.81
  S   S 
2

φb M allow= 0.9 C1  − C 2   − C 3 M e
  D0   D0  
  16.8   16.8 
2

= 0.9 7.52   − 2.70   − 4.81 • 218
  12.3   12.3  
= 83.32 kip-in.

Vertical Shear in Top and Bottom Tees at 1st Opening:

x =e + 0.5D0 =4.5 + 0.5 • 12.3 =10.65in.

L  10.65
Vu −tee = 0.5wu  − x  = 0.5 • 0.327 • (20 − ) = 3.12 kips
2  12

Shear Strength of Top and Bottom Tees:

h dtee − net 2.66

Because = == 13.3 ≤ 1.1 kv E / Fy =
1.1 1.2 • 29000 / 50 =
29 ,
tw tw 0.2
Cv 2 = 1.0 and:
φvVn −tee = φv 0.6 Fy (dtee − net tw )Cv 2 = 1.0 • 0.6 • 50 • (2.66 • 0.2) • 1.0 = 15.97 kips

Vertical Shear at Gross Section:

L
V=
u  0.327 • 20= 6.54 kips
wu  =
2

Shear Strength of Gross Section:

The root W12x14 section has been defined without fillets in the ETABS model in
order to obtain the same tee properties in ETABS and here. This results in a slightly
different value of the gross section shear strength because ETABS automatically

AISC DG31 Example 002 - 11

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assumes a fillet equal to one-tenth the flange thickness when computing the shear
strength of an I-section without fillets.

Making the same fillet assumption for the gross section:

h 17.6 − 2 • 1.1 • 0.225
= 85.64 1.1 kv E / Fy =
=≥ 1.1 5.34 • 29000 / Fy
tw 0.2
h
and because ≥ 1.1 kv E / Fy =1.1 5.34 • 29000 / Fy =61.2 ksi :
tw

1.1 kv E / Fy 1.1 5.34 • 29000 / 50

=Cv1 = = 0.71
h / tw 85.64
and:
φvVn − gross = φv 0.6 Fy (d g tw )Cv1 = 0.9 • 0.6 • 50 • 17.6 • 0.2 • 0.71 = 68.0 kips

Dead Load Deflection:

5L4 (0.139 /12) • 5 • (40 • 12) 4

=δ dead w=
dead = 1.63in.
384 E (0.9 I x − net ) 384 • 29, 000 • 0.9 • 188.6

Live Load Deflection:

5 L4 (0.1/12) • 5 • (40 • 12) 4

=δ live w=
live = 1.17 in.
384 E (0.9 I x − net ) 384 • 29, 000 • 0.9 • 188.6

AISC DG31 Example 002 - 12