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Subsonic Inlets (Class Notes in PDF Format)

The document discusses subsonic inlets for turbojet engines. It describes how the inlet must slow the incoming air speed to between 0.4-0.7 Mach for the compressor. The inlet acts as a diffuser, slowing the air from a subsonic cruise speed of around 0.85 Mach. An inlet must provide uniform, stable flow to the compressor and minimize pressure losses. The size of the nacelle housing the inlet is related to the external deceleration ratio, with a larger nacelle needed for greater deceleration to prevent boundary layer separation.

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Kamalakcshy S S
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107 views

Subsonic Inlets (Class Notes in PDF Format)

The document discusses subsonic inlets for turbojet engines. It describes how the inlet must slow the incoming air speed to between 0.4-0.7 Mach for the compressor. The inlet acts as a diffuser, slowing the air from a subsonic cruise speed of around 0.85 Mach. An inlet must provide uniform, stable flow to the compressor and minimize pressure losses. The size of the nacelle housing the inlet is related to the external deceleration ratio, with a larger nacelle needed for greater deceleration to prevent boundary layer separation.

Uploaded by

Kamalakcshy S S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aerospace propulsion –II

[Unit III]

Subsonic and supersonic inlets


05-Sep-20 Progress Through Quality Education 1
Subsonic Inlets

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Introduction
 For turbojet engines the airflow entering the compressor or
fan must have low Mach number, in the range 0.4 to 0.7.

 If the engine is designed for subsonic cruise at, for


example, M = 0.85, the inlet must be designed to act as a
diffuser with reasonably gentle diffusion from M = 0.85 to
perhaps M = 0.6.

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Explanation

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Requirements of inlet
 The flow velocity and direction leaving the inlet be
uniform, since distortions in the velocity profile at the
compressor inlet can severely upset the compressor
aerodynamics and may lead to failure of the blades due to
vibrations.

 The performance of the inlet must not be unduly


sensitive to pitch (up-and-down)
down) and yaw (side-to-side)
motions of the aircraft.

 The stagnation pressure loss in the inlet be small.


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Flow Pattern

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High speed (or) low mass

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Low speed (or) High mas

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Aerospace propulsion –II

[ASE 210]

[ Subsonic Inlets]
08-Oct-20 Progress Through Quality Education 1
Typical turbojet engine

Image: MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS hill and perteson

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Classic pictures of flow separation

Image: MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS hill and perteson

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Boundary layer & its separation

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Adverse pressure gradient

Image: MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS hill and perteson

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High speed or low mass flow

age: MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS hill and perteson

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Low speed or high mass flow

Image: MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS hill and perteso

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Aerospace propulsion –II

[Unit III]

Subsonic inlet Performance


xx-Oct-20 Progress Through Quality Education 1
Boundary layer separation

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Isentropic efficiency

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Stagnation pressure ratio

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Typical subsonic diffuser performanc

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Aerospace propulsion –II

[Unit
Unit III]

Relation between minimum area ratio and external


deceleration ratio

xx-Oct-20 Progress Through Quality Education 1


Boundary layer separation

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Boundary layer separation

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Aerospace propulsion –II

[Unit
Unit III]

Inferences from minimum area ratio (Amax/Ai)


to external deceleration ratio (Ui/Ua)
(

21-Oct-20 Progress Through Quality Education 1


Equation

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The value of S depend on the shape of the nacelle

[ S = 0.5 for this inference ]

Objective :

The size of the external surface necessary to


prevent external boundary layer separation, for any given
value of ui/ua.

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Inferences

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Cases : I and II

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 The larger the external deceleration (i.e., the smaller the
value of (ui/ua), the larger must be the size of the nacelle if
one is to prevent excessive drag.
drag

 Even in the absence of separation, the larger the nacelle,


the larger the aerodynamic drag on it.

 But if the external deceleration is modest (e.g., ui/ua >


0.8), its effect on minimum nacelle size is quite small.

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 The performance of an inlet depends on the pressure
gradient on both internal and external surfaces.

 The internal pressure rise depends on the reduction of


velocity between entry to the inlet diffuser and entry to the
compressor

 Nacelle size required for low drag can be quite strongly


dependent on the degree of external deceleration.

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