1.

2 PRACTICE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS MARK SCHEME

1. (a) (i) Avogadro’s number/constant of molecules/particles/species / 6 × 1023 1

[Not ‘atoms’]
Or same number of particles as (there are atoms)
[Not molecules]
in 12.(00)g of 12C 1

(ii) Moles O2 = 0.350 (= 1.09 × 10–2 mol) 1

32
= 29 (× 1.09 × 10–2) 1
[Accept answers via 4 separate mole calculations]
= 0.316 – 0.317 mol [answer to 3+ sf] 1
[Mark conseq on errors in M1/M2] (1)

(iii) Moles of nitroglycerine = 4 × 1.09 × 10–2 (= 0.0438 mol) 1

[Mark conseq on their moles of O2]

Mr of nitroglycerine = 227 or number string 1

Moles of nitroglycerine = 227 × 0.0438 = 9.90 – 9.93(g)
[answer to 3+ sf]
[If string OK but final answer wrong then allow M6 but AE for
M7]
[Mark conseq on error in Mr] [Penalise wrong units]
[Penalise sig. fig. errors once only in whole question]

(b) pV = nRT or pV = mRT or p = nRT 1

V V
p = nRT = 0.873 × 8.31 ×−31100 1
V 1.00 × 10
= 7980093 or 7980 or 7.98 1
[ignore s.f.]

units = Pa or kPa or MPa (as appropriate) 1

[If error in conversion from Pa, treat as a contradiction of the
units mark]
[If transfer error, mark conseq but penalise M2]
[If data from outside of above used, penalise M2 and M3]
[If pV expression incorrectly rearranged, penalise M2 and M3]
[if T = 1373 K used, penalise M2]
[11]

Mill Hill High School 1

2.
(a) Na Cl O
21.6 33.3 45.1 1
23 35.5 16
0.9(39) 0.9(38) 2.8(2)
Hence: 1 1 3 1

Accept backwards calculation, i.e. from formula to % composition,

and also accept route via Mr to 23; 35.5; 48, and then to 1:1:3
[If % values incorrectly copied, allow M1 only]
[If any wrong Ar values/atomic numbers used = CE = 0}

(b) 3Cl2 + 6NaOH → 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O 1

[3]

3. (penalty for sig fig error =1mark per question)

(a) (i) moles KNO3 = 1.00/101.1 = 9.89 × 10-3 (mol) 1
(ii) pV = nRT or n = pV/RT 1
pV 100000 × 1.22 × 10 –4
moles O2 = n = = (1) (1) 2
RT 8.31 × 298
= 4.93 × 10-3 (mol) 1
(mark answer first – check back if wrong)
(transcription error lose M3, mark M4 conseq on error)
(if ‘untraceable’ figures used M3=M4=0)
(if wrong temp conversion – lose M3 – conseq M4)
(if n = RT/pV CE, lose M3 and M4)

(b) (i) simplest/lowest ratio of atoms of each / element/s in a compound /

substance / species / entity / molecule 1
(ii) K N O
45.9 16.5 37.6
(1)
39.1 14 16
1.17 1.18 2.35
1 1 2 KNO2 (1) 3
(M3 tied to M2), (M3 can be transferred from equation if ratio correct
but EF not given) (if calc inverted, lose M2 and M3), (if used At N1 /
wrong No for Ar then CE, lose M2 and M3) (if % of O missing,
award M2 only)

(c) 2KNO3 → 2KNO2 + O2 or fractions/multiples 1

(accept 2KNO3 → K2N2O4 + O2)
(do NOT accept ‘Y’ in equation)
[10]

Mill Hill High School 2

4. (penalty for sig fig error =1mark per question)
Mr (Mg(NO3)2 = 58(.3) (if At N° used, lose M1 and M2) 1

moles Mg(OH)2 = 0.0172 (conseq on wrong M2) (answer to 3+ s.f.) 1

moles HCl = 2 × 0.0172 = 0.0344 or 0.0343 (mol) (process mark) 1
0.0343 × 1000
vol HCl = = 34.3 – 34.5 (cm3) (unless wrong unit) 1
1
(if candidate used 0.017 or 0.0171 lose M2)
(just answer with no working, if in range = (4). if, say, 34 then =(2))
(if not 2:1 ratio, lose M3 and M4)
(if work on HCl, CE = 0/4)
[4]

5. 2A1+ 3CuCl2 → 2A1C13 + 3Cu;

(accept multiples/fractions)
OR
2A1+ 3Cu2+ → 2A13+ + 3Cu; 1

[1]

6. (a) moles HN03 = 175 X 10–3 × 1.5 = (0.2625 mol); 1

moles Pb(NO3 )2 = ½ × 0.2625 = (0.131 mol); 1
Mr Pb(NO3 )2 = 331(.2); 1
mass Pb(NO3 )2 = 331.2 x 0.131=43.5 g; 1
(accept 43.2 - 43.8)
(M1 & M2 are process marks. If error in M1, or in M2, do not
mark M4
consequentially, i.e. do not award M4)
(if atomic numbers used in M3, do not award M4)

(b) (i) pV = nRT; 1

pV 100000 ×1.5 ×10 –4
n= = ; 1
RT 8.31 × 500

= 3.61 X 10–3 ; 1
(If pressure not converted to Pa, max 2)
RT
(If n = used = CE; M2 = M3 = 0)
pV

(ii) molesN02 = 4/5 × 3.61 × 10–3; 1

[mark is for use of 4/5]

= 2.89 × 10–3 OR 1.78×10–3; 1

Mr NO2 = 46; 1

massNO2 = 46 ×2.89×l0–3 = 0.1.33(g) OR 0.0821 (g); 1

( if atomic numbers used, M3 = M4 = 0)
[11]

Mill Hill High School 3

7. (a) 2Na + 2NH3 → 2NaNH2 + H2 (or multiples) 1

(b) (i) Simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound / substance /

species / entity / molecule 1

(ii) Mg N O 1
16.2 16.2 18.9 64.9
(24) 24.3 14 16
(0.675) 0.667 1.37 4.06 1
1 2 6 MgN2O6
(Mark M1 first. If any wrong Ar used = CE = 0)
(Accept Mg(NO3)2 for M3 if above working shown)
[4]

8. (a) (i) 100 ×l0–3 × 0.500 = 5.00 × 10–2 (mol) accept 5 ×10–2 / 0.05 1
(ii) 27.3 ×10–3× 0.600 = 1.64 × 10–2 / 1.638 × l0–2 (mol) only 1
(iii) 1.64 ×10–2 (mol) 1
Mark conseq on (ii)

(iv) 5.00 × 10–2 - 1.64 × 10–2 = 3.36 × 10–2 (mol) 1

Mark conseq on (i) & (iii)

(v) 3.36 × 10–2 × ½ = 1.68 × 10–2 (mol) If 2.78 × 10–2 used 1.39 × 10–2 1
Mark conseq on (iv)

1.68 × 10–2 × l32(.l) or 1.39 × 10–2 × 132(.l) 1

Mark for Mr

= 2.22 g or 1.83 g 1

(b) pV = nRT 1
n = 0.143 = 8.4(1) × 10–3 (mol) 1
17
pV 100000 × 2.86 ×10 −4
T= = (1) 1
nR 8.31× 8.4 ×10 − 3
= 408.5 – 410.5 (K) 1
Mark conseq on moles
Note Sig. fig. penalty - apply once if single sf given, unless calc works exactly
[11]

Mill Hill High School 4

9. Ideal gas equation: pV = nRT (1)
103000 × 127 × 10 −6
Calculation: n = pV/RT = (1)
(8.31 × 415)
mark for volume conversion fully correct

= 3.79 × 10–3 (mol) (1)

range 3.79 × 10–3 to 3.8 × 10–3

Mr = m/n = .304/3.79 × 10–3 = 80.1 (1) 5

range 80 – 80.3
min 2 s.f. conseq
If ‘V’ wrong lose M2; ‘p’ wrong lose M3; ‘inverted’ lose M3 and
M4
[5]
10. (a) M1 % by mass of H = 7.7(0)% (1)

M2 mol H = 7.70 / 1 = 7.70

mol C = 92.3 / 12 = 7.69 (1)
M3 (ratio 1:1 ∴) CH
77 78 92.3
Credit variations for M2 78 × = 6 and × =6
100 12 100
Correct answer = 3 marks

78
(b) (CH has empirical mass of 13 and = 6 ∴) C6H6
13
Correct answer 1 mark

4
[4]

11. 23/6.023 × 1023 (1)

CE = 0 if inverted or multiplied

tied to M1 3.8(2) × 10–23 [2-5 sig figs] (1) 2

[2]
12. (a) (simplest) ratio of atoms of each element in compound (1)
(b) % oxygen = 39.5% (1)
Na 28.4/23 Cr 32.1/52 O 39.5/16 (1)
= 1.23 = 0.617 = 2.47
(2:1:4) so empirical formula = Na2CrO4 (1)4
If % oxygen not calculated, only M2 available; if Ar values
wrong, only M1 available
[4]

Mill Hill High School 5

13. (a) 0⋅240 (1)
Mr (TiC14) = 190 (1)
0 ⋅ 24
moles TiC14 = = 0⋅06 (1)
4
mass = 0⋅06 × 190 = 11⋅4 (1) 4

(b) moles NaOH = moles HCl = 0.12 (1)

moles
vol NaOH = (1)
conc
0 ⋅ 12
= = 109cm3 (1) 3
1⋅1
moles HC1
(c) moles H2 = = 0⋅06 (1)
2
(allow conseq)
nRT
V = (1) or PV = nRT
p

0 ⋅ 06 × 8 ⋅ 31 × 293
= (1)
98 000

= 1⋅49 × 10–3 m3 (1)etc

(if chemical error on moles H2, max2) (2) 4
[11]

10.0 10
14. (a) moles of S = ( = 0.3125) allow (1)
32.1 32
mass of sodium sulphide 0.312 × 78.1 i.e. 24.4 g or 24.37 g
(accept 24.3 g or 24.33 g) (no sig.fig. penalty) (ignore units) (1) 2
5.00
(b) moles of hydrogen sulphide (i.e. 0.1466 or 0.147 mol) (1)
34.1
moles of hydrogen gas needed = moles of H2S (1)

volume: 0.1466 × 24500 i.e. 3592 or 3590 cm3

(3602 or 3600 if 0.147 used) (1)
3
answer must be in cm3 ie × 24500, not × 24.5 / no s.f.
penalty / ignore units
allow PV = nRT method with remembered value of R
[5]

Mill Hill High School 6

15. (a) Ideal gas equation law (1) 1

PV 110000 × 2.34 × 10 −4
(b) Moles of X: n = (1) =
RT 8.31 × 473
= 6.55 × 10–3 (1)
–3
6.5 to 6.6 × 10 , min 2 sig figs
RT
If write n = zero here, but can score Mr
PV

m
Relative molecular mass of X: Mr = (1)
n
= 62 (1)
61.5 to 62.5

4
(c) % oxygen = 51.6 (2)
C =38.7 / 12 H = 9.68 / 1 O = 57.6(2) / 16 (1)
= 3.23 = 9.68 = 3.23

1 : 3: 1 ∴ CH3O (1)
If no % O or if wrong Ar used then max 1
Correct empirical formula earns all three marks

62
(d) ( × CH3O) = C2H6O2 (1) 1
31
[9]

mass 19.6
16. (a) Moles HCl = = (1) (= 0.537)
Mr 36.5
0.537
Concentration = (1)
0.25
= 2.15 (mol dm–3) (1)
mass
Conseq on correct
Mr
min 2 d.p. 2.14 to 2.15
Ignore units
A.E. lose one mark

Mill Hill High School 7

 21.7
(b) (i) × 0.263 = 5.7(1) × 10–3 (mol) (1)
1000
–3
5.7 to 5.71 × 10

5.71 × 10 −3
(ii) = 2.85 × 10–3 (mol) (1)
2
Conseq

0.394
(iii) = 138 (1)
2.85 × 10 −3
Conseq

(iv) Relative atomic mass of M: 138 - 60 = 78 (1)

78
= 39 (1)
2
Identify of M: Potassium or K or K+ (1)
Conseq
If 78 = Mr then M = selenium

6
[9]

1.0078 mass of 1 mol

17. (a) L= (1) or
1.6734 × 10 − 24 mass of 1 atom
must show working

= 6.0225 × 1023 (1)

Ignore wrong units
NB answer only scores 1

(b) equal (1)

Or same or 1:1

1
PV
(c) PV = nRT (or n = ) (1)
RT
98000 × 0.0352
= (1)
8.31 × 298
= 1.39 (1)
Allow 1.390 to 1.395
ignore units even if incorrect
answer = 1.4 loses last mark

Mill Hill High School 8

 1000
(d) 0.732 × = 2.93 (1) mol.dm–3 (1)
250
3 –1
OR M, mol/dm , mol.l
allow 2.928 to 2.93
Note unit mark tied to current answer but allow unit
mark if answer = 2.9 or 3

25
(e) (i) moles H2SO4 = × 1.24 = 0.0310
1000
If use m1v1 = m2v2 scores 3 if answer is correct otherwise zero

moles NH3 in 30.8 cm3 = 0.0310 × 2 = 0.0620 (1)

Mark is for ×2
CE if × 2 not used

1000
moles of NH3 in 1 dm3 = 0.620 × = 2.01 (1) (mol dm–3)
30.8
Allow 2.010 to 2.015
No units OK, wrong units lose last mark

(ii) moles (NH4)SO4 = moles H2SO4 = 0.310 (1)

Allow consequential wrong moles in part (i) if clear H2SO4=(NH4)SO4
Wrong formula for (NH4)SO4 CE=0

Mr (NH4)SO4 = 132.1 (1)

Allow (132)

mass = moles × Mr = 0.0310 × 132.1 = 4.10 (1)

if moles of (NH4)SO4 not clear CE
(g) wrong unit loses mark
Allow 4.09 – 4.1 – 4.11

(f) Mg3N2 + 6H2O → 3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3

Formulae (1)
Balanced equation (1)

2
[16]

Mill Hill High School 9

 average mass of an entity (1)
18. (a) 12 × 12 (1) 2
mass of 1 atom of C
(b) simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound 1

(c) (i) %O = 65.7 (1)

32.9 1.40 65.7
C:H:O = : : (1)
12 1 16
= 1.96: 1 : 2.93
= C2 HO3 (1)
(ii) C4 H2 O6 (1) 4

mass 1000
(d) (i) = = 62.5 (1)
Mr 16
(1)
0.0625 scores one

(ii) pV= nRT (1)

(1)
nRT 2 × 62.5 × 8.31 × 298
V= = (1)
P 100000
= 3.10 m3 (1)

(allow consequential marking but if factor of 2 in missing max = 2) 6

[13]

19. Avogadro’s number of molecules (1)

allow 6 to 6.1 × 1023 molecules OR No. of atoms in 12g of 12C 1

[1]
20. (a) Avogadro’s 1
(b) (i) pV=nRT (1)
nRT m
allow {V= etc., pV= RT
P Mr
nRT
(ii) V=
P
1 × 8 ⋅ 31× 298
= (1)
100 000

= 0.0248 m3 (1)

(allow 0.0247 to 0.025)

Mill Hill High School 10

 allow use of 100 for P if ans given as 24.8 dm3
pV 500000 × 0.005
(iii) n= = (1)
RT 8.31 × 273
s
(treat 500 as AE–1 other values l 2mar
st
0.005/1000 loses 1 two marks

= 1.10mol (1)
(allow 1.1 to 1.11)

Mr (CO2) = 44 (1)
treat wrong Mr as AE–1

mass = 44×1.10 = 48.5 (g) (1)

(allow 48–49)
P1V1 3 st
(note can use calculation involving and 22.4 dm instead of 1 mark -
T
requires same accuracy for full marks)

7
100
(c) moles HC1 = × 5.0 = 0.5(0)(mol) (1)
1000
moles HC1
moles H2 = (1) = 0.25 (mol)
2
(if no factor of 2 CE = O from here)

mass H2 = 0.25×2 = 0.5(0) (g) (1) 3

(d) (i) %O = 44.4 (1)
(if incorrect %O, AE–1)
(if %O omitted can score max 1 for FeC2)

38.9 16.7 44.4

ratio Fe:C:O = : : (if use At, CE)
55.8 (or 50) 12.0 16.0

=1:2:4
Fe C2 O4 (1)
(ii) CO (1)
(mark independent of d (ii))

4
[15]

20.0
21. (a) moles of NH3 = (1)
17.0
moles of HNO3 = moles of NH3 = 1.18
1.18
volume = (1)
2
= 0.588 (1) dm3 (1) 4

Mill Hill High School 11

 (b) (i) PV = nRT (1)
PV 95000 × 0.0500
n = = (1)
RT 8.31 × 298
= 1.92 mol (1)
1.92
(ii) Moles of ammonium nitrate (1) 1.28 mol
1.5
Mass of ammonium nitrate mass = 1.28 × 80 (1) = 102 g (1) 6
[10]

12
22. 1.99 × 10 – 23 [[1] = 6.03×1023 (1) 2

[2]
23. (a) mass ratio of O2:KClO3 = 96 / 245.2 ( = 0.392)
or moles of O2 = 3/2 × 1.20 × 10–2 or equivalent (1)
mass of O2 = 0.392 × 1.47 = 0.576g (1) 2
(b) moles O2 = 1.00/24.00 ( = 0.0417 mol) (1)
moles KClO3 = 2/3 moles O2 = 0.0417 × 2/3 = (0.0278 mol) (1)
mass KClO3 = 0.0278 × 122.6 = 3.4lg (1) 3
give one mark for pV = nRT to get n for O2,
then second and third mark as above
or 2/3 mole of KClO3 → 1 Mole of O2 (1)
81.7g → 24 dm3 O2 (1)
81.7
24 g = 3.4lg → 1 dm3 O2 (1)
penalise other than 2 – 5 sig. figs. once in (d)(i) and (ii)
penalise missing or wrong units once in (d)(i) and (ii)
[5]

24. (a) Mass of each element in the compound (1) 1

(b) Number of atoms of each element in a molecule (1) 1
(c) (i) Mr Ba(NO3)2 = 261 (1)
5
moles Ba(NO3)2 = (1) = 0.0192
261
moles gas = 2 12 × 0.0192 (1) = 0.0479
nRT 0.0479 × 8.31 × 298
V= (1) =
p 100000
= 1.19 ×10–3 m3 (1)
(ii) moles HCl = 2 × 0.0192 (1) = 0.0384
0.0384
vol HCl = = 0.032 dm3 (1) (or 32 cm3) 7
1.2
[9]

Mill Hill High School 12

25.
percentage by mass of oxygen = 38.0% (1)
ratio of elements = 42.9/12 : 2.4/1 : 16.7/14 : 38.0/16 (1)
= 3.6 : 2.4 : 1.2 : 2.4
empirical formula is C3H2NO2 (1)
molecular formula is C6H4N2O4 (1) 4
[4]

26.
(a) %H = 18.8 (1)
81.2 18.8
B:H= : (1)
10.8 1
= 2 : 5 : B2H5 (1)

(b) B4H10 (1) 4

[4]

27. (a) mean mass of an entity (or molecule) (1) × 12 (1)

mass of 1 atom of 12C 2
12
(b) = 6.02 × 1023 (1)
1.993 × 10 – 23
(allow 6.020 to 6.023) 1

[3]

28.

(b) (i) %F = 42⋅8 (1)

57 ⋅ 2 42 ⋅ 8
I:F = = (1)
127 19
= IF5 (1)
(ii) I2 + 5F2 → 2IF5 (1) (or × ½) 4
[4]

Mill Hill High School 13

29. C 22.24/12 = 1.85 H 3.71/1 = 3.71 Br 74.05/79.9 = 0.927 (1)
ratio C:H:Br = 2:4:1 ∴C2H4Br (1)
empirical mass = 107.9 ∴ mol formula = 215.8/107.9 × C2H4Br = C4H8Br2 (1)
must use % to justify answer

or
C (22.24/100) × 215.8 = 47.99 i.e. 48/12 = 4 carbon atoms (1)
H (3.71/100) × 215.8 = 8.01 i.e. 8/1 = 8 hydrogen atoms (1)
Br (74.05/100) × 215.8 = 159.8 i.e. 159.8/79.9 = 2 bromine atoms (1)

or
C (48/215.8) × 100 = 22.24% (1)
H (8/215.8) × 100 = 3.71 % (1)
Br (159.8/215.8) × 100 = 74.05% (1) 3
[3]

Mill Hill High School 14