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Solid-Solid Separation: Screening: Particulate Technology

Screening is a solid-solid separation method that separates particles based on size using screens with different sized openings. The key aspects of screening include the screen surface material and aperture size, types of screens, and screen movement or vibration. Particle characteristics like composition, size, and shape are important factors in screening. Screening equipment options include grizzly screens, vibrating screens, and rotary screens. Material and screen effectiveness calculations can be performed using particle size distribution data from screen analyses.

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Stephannie Sy
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140 views

Solid-Solid Separation: Screening: Particulate Technology

Screening is a solid-solid separation method that separates particles based on size using screens with different sized openings. The key aspects of screening include the screen surface material and aperture size, types of screens, and screen movement or vibration. Particle characteristics like composition, size, and shape are important factors in screening. Screening equipment options include grizzly screens, vibrating screens, and rotary screens. Material and screen effectiveness calculations can be performed using particle size distribution data from screen analyses.

Uploaded by

Stephannie Sy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARTICULATE TECHNOLOGY

SOLID-SOLID SEPARATION:
SCREENING

ENGR. ROBERT E. DELFIN


Department of Chemical Engineering
Adamson University
SCREENING
• A separation method used to separate solids based
on their particle size.

• Different screening surfaces:


Interwoven Wire Mesh
Cloth
Perforated Plates
Bars
SEPARATION THEORY

Basic design features in screening:


1. Surface and aperture
2. Types of screens
FEED
3. Screen movement

Screen

OVERSIZE (Tails)

UNDERSIZE (Fines)
Important Characteristics of a Particle

1. Composition
 made up of one kind of solid? or mixture of two or more distinct
kinds of solids?
 defines properties such as density, conductivity, etc.

2. Size
 diameter of the particle, surface area per volume of the particle
 affects properties such as settling properties, and reactivity

3. Shape
 regular in shape – dimensional properties can be defined easily,
thus surface area and volume can be computed easily as well.
 irregular in shape – use of a shape factor such as sphericity
PARTICLE SIZE

1. Equidimensional Particles
 In general “diameter”, Dp may be specified
 Example: spherical particle

2. Non-Equidimensional Particles
 Dp is the second longest major dimension
 Example: cubic particle

Units of Dp depend on the size of the particles:


a. Coarse particles: inches or millimeters
b. Fine particles: screen size (e.g. Mesh No.)
c. Very fine particles: micrometers or nanometers
d. Ultra fine particles: surface area per unit mass, m2 / g
MESH SCREENS

Mesh Number – number of openings per linear inch


MESH SCREENS

 Mesh size, M and the wire diameter, w determine


the aperture size, a.

Example: In a 4-Mesh screen


MESH SCREENS

Mesh screens are arranged with increasing mesh


number, thus decreasing size of opening, from top
to bottom.
SIEVE SCALE

 A sieve scale is a series of testing sieves having


openings in a fixed succession.
 The ratio of aperture of a given sieve to the
aperture of the next one in a sieve series is a
constant.

Three types:
1. Tyler Standard Sieve Series (√2 progression)
2. US Sieve Series
3. International Test Sieve Series
Methods of Indicating Particle Size

1. Unsized Particles
 obtained from passing a feed into a single screen
 either upper or lower size limit can be indicated

Example:

Feed
Mesh 4
Oversize: +4, +4.76 mm

Undersize: -4, -4.76 mm


Methods of Indicating Particle Size

2. Sized Particles
 intermediate obtained from passing a feed into a series
of screens
 both upper and lower size limits are known

Feed
Mesh 4
+4
-4
Mesh 6
-4+6 or 4/6

-6
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

1) Differential Screen Analysis


• Data consist of Mesh Number (n) vs. weight fraction or %
retained on the screen (∆𝜙𝑛 )
100 kg
fraction of feed
Mesh 6
10 kg ; 0.10
Mesh 8 90 kg
40 kg ; 0.40
Mesh 10 50 kg
24 kg ; 0.24
Mesh 14 26 kg
12 kg ; 0.12
Mesh 20 14 kg
8 kg ; 0.08
Pan
6 kg
6 kg ; 0.06
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

2) Cumulative Screen Analysis (Larger than Dp)


• Data consist of Mesh number (n) vs. Cumulative fraction
larger than n (𝜙𝑛 )
Cumulative Screen Analysis
100 kg
(Larger than Dp)
fraction of feed
Mesh 6
10 kg ; 0.10
Mesh 8 90 kg
40 kg ; 0.40
Mesh 10 50 kg
24 kg ; 0.24
Mesh 14 26 kg
12 kg ; 0.12
Mesh 20 14 kg
8 kg ; 0.08
Pan
6 kg
6 kg ; 0.06
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

3) Cumulative Screen Analysis (Smaller than Dp)


• Data consist of Mesh number (n) vs. Cumulative fraction
smaller than n (1-𝜙𝑛 )
100 kg Cumulative Screen Analysis
fraction of feed (Smaller than Dp)
Mesh 6
10 kg ; 0.10
Mesh 8 90 kg
40 kg ; 0.40
Mesh 10 50 kg
24 kg ; 0.24
Mesh 14 26 kg
12 kg ; 0.12
Mesh 20 14 kg
8 kg ; 0.08
Pan
6 kg
6 kg ; 0.06
SCREENING EQUIPMENT

1) Grizzly Screens
Set of parallel metal bars in an inclined stationary frames
Opening is large
Capacity is large
Cheap construction
SCREENING EQUIPMENT
2) Vibrating Screens
Frequency of the screen is mainly controlled by an
electromagnetic vibrator which is mounted above and
directly connected to the screening surface.
Higher chance of separation due to “popcorn effect”
SCREENING EQUIPMENT
3) Rotary Screening
Composed of a rotating perforated drum set in an
inclined position.
Movement of feed is through the hollow cylindrical drum
with lateral surface composed of different mesh sizes
arranged from smallest to largest openings
MATERIAL BALANCE
Example: It is desired to remove particles smaller than mesh 4.

Feed: F, xF
where:
x = fraction of desired material Mesh 4
Product: P, xP
(1 – x) = fraction of undesired material

OMB: F = P + R
CMB: FxF = PxP + RxR Reject: R, xR

FxF = PxP + (F - P)xR


𝑷 𝒙𝑭 −𝒙𝑹
FxF - FxR = P xP - PxR =
𝑭 𝒙𝑷 −𝒙𝑹
F(xF - xR) = P (xP - xR)
SCREEN EFFECTIVENESS

Recovery of desired material:


P xP
Rec =
F xF

Rejection of undesired material = 1 – recovery of undesired material:


P (1 − xP )
Rejection = 1 –
F ( 1− xF )

Effectiveness, E = Recovery x Rejection


P xP P (1 − xP ) P xF −xR
E= x 1– =
F xF F ( 1− xF ) F xP −xR

xF −xR xP (xF −xR) (1 − xP)


E= x [1 – ]
xP −xR xF (xP −xR) ( 1− xF)

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