International School of Asia and The Pacific Management Advisory Services Institutional Review
International School of Asia and The Pacific Management Advisory Services Institutional Review
POST-TEST 4
1. The salary or wage that you could be earning while you are taking this
test is
a. an opportunity cost.
b. a sunk cost.
c. an incremental cost.
d. a joint cost.
2. The kind of cost that can be ignored in shortterm decision making is
a. a differential cost.
b. an opportunity cost.
c. a relevant cost.
d. a sunk cost.
3. The role of sunk costs in decision making can be summed up in which of
the following sayings?
a. Nothing ventured, nothing gained.
b. Bygones are bygones.
c. A penny saved is a penny earned.
d. The love of money is the root of all evil.
4. Allocated costs are
a. generally separable.
b. generally variable.
c. generally common.
d. especially important in deciding whether to drop a segment.
5. A product should be dropped if
a. it has a negative incremental profit.
b. it has a negative contribution margin.
c. dropping it will increase the total profit of the company.
d. it is not essential to the company's product line.
6. From its refining process an oil company obtains three products, one of
which can be processed further into a different product, the other two
of which can be sold after further refining. The refining process is
a. a joint process.
b. a mixed cost process.
c. an unavoidable process.
d. a process whose costs should be allocated to the resulting products.
7. The Accessories Department shows sales of P35,000. Variable costs are
P30,000 and allocated unavoidable fixed costs are P9,000, leaving a P4,000
loss. Based on this information and all other things equal,
a. the department contributes P35,000 to total profits.
b. dropping the department will reduce total company profits by P5,000.
c. the department should be closed.
d. the department should be kept only if unit volume can be increased
enough to increase sales by P4,000.
8. A major factor in evaluating a special order is
a. the expected contribution margin on the order.
b. the possible effects on sales at regular prices.
c. the availability of capacity to produce the additional units.
d. all of the above.
9. Which of the following is true for a makeorbuy decision?
a. The reliability of the outside supplier of the component is important
to the decision.
b. Depreciation on equipment used in making the component and having no
other use is the critical factor in the decision.
c. Opportunity costs are irrelevant.
d. The company should make the component if the purchase price is less
than the perunit variable cost to make the component.
10. Which of the following costs is relevant in deciding whether to sell
joint products at splitoff or process them further?
a. The unavoidable costs of further processing.
b. The avoidable costs of further processing.
c. The variable cost of operating the joint process.
d. The cost of materials used to make the joint products.
11. A manufacturing process that invariably produces two or more products
a. is a complementary process.
b. is a joint process.
c. normally has only fixed costs.
d. usually has primarily variable costs.
12. Which of the following is a shortterm decision in which opportunity
costs are not relevant?
a. Makeorbuy decision.
b. Specialorder decision.
c. Dropasegment decision.
d. None of the above.
13. Which of the following is a true statement?
a. Theory of Constraints is useful for identifying physical constraints
but cannot incorporate nonphysical constraints.
b. Theory of Constraints is useful in analyzing internal constraints but
cannot identify external constraints.
c. Constraints may be either internal or external.
d. Internal constraints are physical while external constraints are
imaginary.
14. A company has space that it uses to make a component. It could rent the
space to another company. The rent is
a. a sunk cost.
b. an opportunity cost.
c. a joint cost.
d. an avoidable cost.
15. Escanaba Company has 200 units of an obsolete component. The variable
cost to produce them was P10 per unit. They could now be sold for P1.75
each and it would cost P7.60 to make them now. If the units could be
used to make a product for a special order, their relevant cost is
a. P 1.75.
b. P 7.60.
c. P 10.00.
d. some other number.
16. In a makeorbuy decision, which of the following is true?
a. Variable costs are the only relevant costs.
b. Allocated fixed costs are relevant.
c. Alternative uses of space and machinery are relevant.
d. Making is the correct decision when there is idle capacity.
17. The best characterization of an opportunity cost is that it is
a. relevant to decision making but is not usually reflected in
accounting records.
b. not relevant to decision making and is not usually reflected in
accounting records.
c. relevant to decision making and is usually reflected in accounting
records.
d. not relevant to decision making and is usually reflected in
accounting records.
18. A sunk cost is
a. not avoidable.
b. avoidable under one alternative but not under another.
c. joint or common.
d. direct to a segment.
19. Differential costs are costs that are
a. not avoidable.
b. avoidable under one alternative but not under another.
c. joint or common.
d. not direct to a segment.
20. A common cost
a. relates to a process that produces more than one product.
b. should be allocated to the segments of a company.
c. can usually be avoided in its entirety by dropping a segment.
d. none of the above.
21. An opportunity cost commonly associated with a special order is
a. the contribution margin on lost sales.
b. the variable costs of the order.
c. additional fixed costs related to the increased output.
d. any of the above.
22. Which of the following statements pertaining to the Theory of
Constraints is true?
a. Inventory is evil and should never be kept.
b. Inventory is important to keep immediately before a bottleneck
process.
c. Inventory should be kept before every machining process to prevent
any downtime.
d. None of the above are true.
23. Which of the following costclassification schemes is most relevant to
decision making?
a. Fixedvariable.
b. Jointcommon
c. Avoidableunavoidable.
d. Directcommon.
24. Which of the following is NOT relevant in deciding whether to process a
joint product beyond its splitoff point?
a. The splitoff value.
b. The price after additional processing.
c. The cost of further processing.
d. The cost of operating the joint process.
25. Benson Company has 200 units of an obsolete part. The variable cost to
produce them was P4 per unit. They could now be sold for P3 each and it
would cost P6 to make them now. The parts could be reworked for P8 each
and sold for P17. What is the monetary advantage of reworking the parts
over the nextbest action?
a. P 600.
b. P 1,000.
c. P 1,200.
d. P 2,000.
26. Pueblo Company sells a product for P60. Variable cost is P32. Pueblo
could accept a special order for 1,000 units at P46. If Pueblo accepted
the order, how many units could it lose at the regular price before the
decision became unwise?
a. 1,000.
b. 500.
c. 200.
d. 0.
27. Which of the following is NOT a shortterm decision?
a. Accept a special order.
b. Makeorbuy a component.
c. Replace a machine.
d. Sell a joint product at splitoff or process it further.
28. The variable cost of a unit of product made yesterday is
a. an incremental cost.
b. an opportunity cost.
c. a differential cost.
d. a sunk cost.
29. The most profitable use of a resource that has limited capacity and is
needed in the production of more than one product is a function of which of
the following?
a. The number of units of each product the company can sell.
b. The contribution margin of each product.
c. The amount of resourceuse required for each unit of each product.
d. All of the above.
30. Which of the following is NOT relevant in a makeorbuy decision about a
part the entity uses in some of its products?
a. The reliability of the outside supplier.
b. The alternative uses of owned equipment used to make the part.
c. The outside supplier's perunit variable cost to make the part.
d. The number of units of the part needed each period.
31. Which of the following is NOT relevant to a decision about whether to
drop a segment?
a. The contribution margin expected to be produced by the segment.
b. The avoidable fixed costs direct to that segment.
c. The complementary effects of dropping the segment.
d. "None of the above" is the best answer because all of the above are
relevant.
32. Justintime manufacturers are less likely than conventional
manufacturing companies to
a. operate a joint process that results in joint products.
b. be able to accommodate special orders.
c. have constraints on their productive capacity.
d. fit any of the above characterizations.
33. The total demand for Product Z is relevant to a decision about
a. the best use of a resource that is in limited supply and is used in
the production of Product Z and one other of the company's products.
b. whether to sell Product Z, a joint product, at splitoff or process
it further into another salable product.
c. replacing Product Z with another product.
d. all of the above decisions.
34. Buchanan Company currently sells 4,000 units of product Q for P1 each.
Capacity is 5,000 units. Variable costs are P0.40 and avoidable fixed
costs are P400. A chain store has offered P0.80 per unit for 400 units
of Q. If Buchanan accepts the order, the change in income will be a
a. P60 decrease.
b. P80 decrease.
c. P160 increase.
d. P480 increase.
35. Tyler Company currently sells 1,000 units of product M for P1 each.
Variable costs are P0.40 and avoidable fixed costs are P400. A discount
store has offered P0.80 per unit for 400 units of product M. The
managers believe that if they accept the special order, they will lose
some sales at the regular price. Determine the number of units they
could lose before the order became unprofitable.
a. 267 units
b. 500 units
c. 600 units
d. Some other number.
36. Bear Valley produces three products: A, B, and C. One machine is used to
produce the products. The contribution margins, sales demands, and time
on the machine (in minutes) are as follows:
time on
Demand CM machine
A 100 $25 10
B 80 18 5
C 150 30 10
There are 2400 minutes available on the machine during the week. How
many units should be produced and sold to maximize the weekly
contribution?
A B C
a. 100 80 150
b. 50 80 150
c. 90 0 150
d. 100 80 100
37. Elk Grove produces three products: A, B, and C. A machine is used to
produce the products. The contribution margins, sales demands, and time
on the machine (in minutes) are as follows:
time on
Demand CM machine
A 120 P20 5
B 80 36 10
C 100 50 15
There are 2400 minutes available on the machine during the week. How
many units should be produced and sold to maximize the weekly
contribution?
A B C
a. 120 80 100
b. 20 80 100
c. 120 30 100
d. 120 80 66
38. Black Oak Company makes and sells oak boxes for a price of P60
each. Unit costs based on anticipated monthly sales of 1,000 boxes are
as follows:
Direct material cost P15
Direct labor cost 12
Variable manufacturing overhead 3
Variable selling overhead 5
Fixed costs 2
A chain store has offered to buy 100 boxes per month at P58 each.
To accept this special order, Black Oak will have to restrict its
sales to regular customers to only 900 boxes per monthly because
its production capacity cannot be expanded in the short run.
However, no variable selling expenses will be incurred for this
special order. If Black Oak accepts the chain store's offer, its
profit will
a. increase by P300.
b. increase by P500.
c. decrease by P200.
d. decrease by P500.
39. Medford Corporation operates a plant with a productive capacity to
manufacture 20,000 units of its product a year. The follow information
pertains to the production costs at capacity:
Variable costs P160,000
Fixed costs 240,000
Total costs P400,000
=========
A supplier has offered to sell 4,000 units to Medford annually. Assume
no change in the fixed costs. What is the price per unit that makes
Medford indifferent between the "make" and "buy" options?
a. P8
b. P12
c. P20
d. P0
40. DJH Company produces 1,000 units of Part X per month. The total
manufacturing costs of the part are as follows:
Direct materials P10,000
Direct labor 15,000
Variable overhead 5,000
Fixed overhead 30,000
Total manufacturing cost P60,000
=======
An outside supplier has offered to supply the part at P40 per unit. It
is estimated that 20% of the fixed overhead assigned to Part X will no
longer be incurred if the company purchases the part from the outside
supplier. If DJH Company purchases 1,000 units of Part X from the
outside supplier per month, then its monthly operating income will
a. decrease by P20,000.
b. decrease by P4,000.
c. not change.
d. increase by P20,000.
41. DJH Company produces 1,000 units of Part X per month. The total
manufacturing costs of the part are as follows:
Direct materials P10,000
Direct labor 15,000
Variable overhead 5,000
Fixed overhead 30,000
Total manufacturing cost P60,000
=======
An outside supplier has offered to supply the part at P40 per unit. It
is estimated that 20% of the fixed overhead assigned to Part X will no
longer be incurred if the company purchases the part from the outside
supplier. What is the maximum price that DJH Company should be willing
to pay the outside supplier?
a. P60
b. P40
c. P36
d. P25
42. Scooter Company produces three products from a joint process costing
P100,000. The following information is available:
Costs to Selling Price
Selling Price Process After Further
Units at Splitoff Further Processing
A 10,000 P35 P70,000 P40
B 20,000 P40 P30,000 P45
C 30,000 P20 P90,000 P25
Which products should be processed further?
a. A only.
b. A and B.
c. B and C.
d. A, B, and C.
43. Genco Company produces three products from a joint process costing
P100,000. The following information is available:
Costs to Selling Price
Selling Price Process After Further
Units at Splitoff Further Processing
A 2,000 P25 P60,000 P50
B 3,000 P30 P60,000 P45
C 5,000 P40 P80,000 P60
Which products should be sold without further processing?
a. B only.
b. A and B.
c. B and C.
d. A, B, and C.
44. Colfax Company expects to incur the following costs at the planned
production level of 10,000 units:
Direct materials P100,000
Direct labor 120,000
Variable overhead 60,000
Fixed overhead 30,000
The selling price is P50 per unit. The company currently operates at
full capacity of 10,000 units. Capacity can be increased to 13,000 units
by operating overtime. Variable costs increase by P14 per unit for
overtime production. Fixed overhead costs remain unchanged when overtime
operations occur. Colfax Company has received a special order from a
wholesaler who has offered to buy 1,000 units at P45 each. What is the
incremental cost associated with this special order?
a. P14,000
b. P28,000
c. P42,000
d. P45,000
45. Colfax Company expects to incur the following costs at the planned
production level of 10,000 units:
Direct materials P100,000
Direct labor 120,000
Variable overhead 60,000
Fixed overhead 30,000
The selling price is P50 per unit. The company currently operates at
full capacity of 10,000 units. Capacity can be increased to 13,000 units
by operating overtime. Variable costs increase by P14 per unit for
overtime production. Fixed overhead costs remain unchanged when overtime
operations occur. Colfax Company has received a special order from a
wholesaler who has offered to buy 1,000 units at P45 each. What is the
impact on Colfax's operating income if this special order is accepted?
a. P17,000 increase
b. P3,000 increase
c. no change
d. P5,000 decrease
46. GMH Company manufactures 100,000 units of Part X annually for use in one
of its main products. The total manufacturing cost for 100,000 units of
Part X is as follows:
Direct materials P120,000
Direct labor 80,000
Variable overhead 40,000
Fixed overhead 160,000
Total cost P400,000
========
Selin Company has offered to sell GMH 100,000 units of Part X per year.
If GMH accepts this offer, the facilities used to produce Part X can be
used in the production of other components. This change would save GMH
P10,000 in rent for the leased production facility used at present to
support the production of other components. What is the amount of
relevant costs for this makeorbuy decision?
a. P200,000
b. P240,000
c. P250,000
d. P400,000
47. GMH Company manufactures 100,000 units of Part X annually for use in one
of its main products. The total manufacturing cost for 100,000 units of Part X
is as follows:
Direct materials P120,000
Direct labor 80,000
Variable overhead 40,000
Fixed overhead 160,000
Total cost P400,000
========
Sutton Company has offered to sell GMH 100,000 units of Part X per year.
If GMH accepts this offer, the facilities used to produce Part X can be
used in the production of other components. This change would save GMH
P10,000 in rent for the leased production facility used at present to
support the production of other components. What is the maximum price
that GMH should be willing to pay Sutton for part X?
a. P1.20
b. P2.00
c. P2.40
d. P2.50
48. Barrie, Inc., produces three products: A, B, and C. Two machines are
used to produce the products. The contribution margins, sales demands,
and time on each machine (in minutes) is as follows:
time time
Demand CM
on M1
on M2
A 100 P12 5 10
B 80 18 10 5
C 100 25 15 5
There are 2,400 minutes available on each machine during the week. How
many units should be produced and sold to maximize the weekly
contribution?
A B C
a. 100 80 100
b. 20 80 100
c. 100 40 100
d. 100 80 73
49. Barrie, Inc., produces three products: A, B, and C. Two machines are
used to produce the products. The contribution margins, sales demands, and
time on each machine (in minutes) is as follows:
time time
Demand CM
on M1
on M2
A 100 P12 5 10
B 80 18 10 5
C 150 25 5 10
There are 2,400 minutes available on each machine during the week. How
many units should be produced and sold to maximize the weekly
contribution?
A B C
a. 100 80 150
b. 50 80 150
c. 90 0 150
d. 100 80 100
50. Goal congruence exists when
a. the goals of the company harmonize with each other.
b. the company's managers are pursuing their own goals effectively.
c. the company's managers are pursuing the goals of the company.
d. all of the above are true.
51. Goal congruence is most likely to result when
a. reports to managers include all costs.
b. managers' behavior is affected by the criteria used to judge their
performances.
c. performance evaluation criteria encourage behavior in the company's
best interests as well as in the manager's best interests.
d. a manager knows the criteria used to judge his or her performance.
52. In responsibility accounting the most relevant classification of costs
is
a. fixed and variable.
b. incremental and nonincremental.
c. discretionary and committed.
d. controllable and noncontrollable.
53. Which of the following is critically important for a responsibility
accounting system to be effective?
a. Each employee should receive a separate performance report.
b. Service department costs should be allocated to the operating
departments that use the service.
c. Each manager should know the criteria used for evaluating his or her
performance.
d. The details on the performance reports for individual managers should
add up to the totals on the report to their supervisor.
54. Which of the following items is LEAST likely to appear on the
performance report of the manager of a product line?
a. Variable manufacturing costs for products in the line.
b. Selling expenses for the line.
c. A share of companywide advertising.
d. Revenues from the line.
55. The sequence that reflects increasing breadth of responsibility is
a. cost center, investment center, profit center.
b. cost center, profit center, investment center.
c. profit center, cost center, investment center.
d. investment center, cost center, profit center.
56. The criteria used for evaluating performance
a. should be designed to help achieve goal congruence.
b. can be used only with profit centers and investment centers.
c. should be used to compare past performance with current performance.
d. motivate people to work in the company's best interests.
57. A balanced scorecard approach to performance measurement
a. can only be used in profit or investment centers.
b. balances financial measures with nonfinancial measures.
c. uses only qualitative data to evaluate performance.
d. uses budgeted data rather than historical data.
58. If a company has a favorable sales volume variance, its
a. sales price variance is also favorable.
b. total contribution margin might be less than planned.
c. total contribution margin will be more than planned.
d. income will be positive.
59. Transfer prices
a. reduce employee turnover.
b. are necessary for investment centers.
c. should encourage the kinds of behavior that upperlevel management
wants.
d. are not used for departments with high amounts of fixed costs.
60. A transfer price is
a. an accounting device to turn profit centers into investment centers.
b. the price charged by one segment of the company for goods or services
provided to another segment.
c. only useful in a segment that deals with outsiders as well as with
other segments of the same company.
d. the amount charged by a cost center for a service performed for a
profit center.
61. The cost allocation policy most likely to encourage use of a service is
based on
a. budgeted total costs of the service department.
b. actual total costs of the service department.
c. budgeted variable costs for the service department.
d. actual variable costs for the service department.
62. Which of the following statements is true?
a. A company changes its total income when it changes the bases used to
allocate indirect costs.
b. A company should select an allocation basis so as to raise or lower
reported income on given products.
c. A company's total income will remain unchanged no matter how indirect
costs are allocated.
d. Costs should be allocated on an "abilitytobear" basis.
63. If a company allocates costs of a service department to other
departments, it should
a. consider the likely effects of the allocations on the use of the
services.
b. use the method that best reflects the relative sizes of the
departments.
c. turn the service department into an investment center.
d. allocate only the fixed costs of the service department.
64. If a computer department does work for other departments, charging a flat
price per hour, the computer department is
a. an artificial profit center.
b. a cost center.
c. an investment center.
d. none of the above.
65. The WORST method of allocating service department costs is
a. to allocate total actual costs based on actual use of the service.
b. to allocate total budgeted costs based on longterm expected use of
the service.
c. to allocate total budgeted costs based on actual use of the service.
d. none of the above, because all the above are equally undesirable.
66. As a general rule, the best transfer price to use to transfer the costs
of a service center to an operating department is
a. the price charged by an outside company for the same service.
b. the price that encourages goal congruence.
c. one that is based on budgeted variable cost.
d. one that is based on budgeted total cost.
67. Which of the following costs is LEAST likely to appear on the performance
report for the foreman of a production department?
a. Wages of direct laborers.
b. Rent on machinery used in department.
c. Repairs to machinery used in department.
d. Cost of materials used.
68. ABC Company operates a factory that makes components for other ABC
factories to assemble. The factory could be treated as
a. a cost center.
b. an artificial profit center.
c. an investment center.
d. any of the above.
69. For reports to follow the principles of responsibility accounting, which
of the following must be true?
a. Each segment of the entity is an artificial profit center.
b. The company is decentralized.
c. The company uses transfer prices.
d. The reports show controllable costs separately from noncontrollable
costs.
70. The effective use of responsibility accounting requires that performance
reports for cost centers
a. show only variable costs.
b. show a fair share of allocated costs.
c. distinguish between controllable and noncontrollable costs.
d. show a fair share of revenues attributable to the center.
71. Which of the following is NOT a good reason for allocating indirect costs
to operating departments?
a. To remind managers of the need to cover indirect costs.
b. So that operating managers will encourage service department managers
to keep costs down.
c. To encourage managers to use services wisely.
d. To determine the true costs of operating departments.
72. An artificial profit center
a. has no investment.
b. does not provide its goods or services outside the entity.
c. cannot control its costs.
d. could not be operated as a cost center.
73. A responsibility center is
a. any department.
b. any manager.
c. any area of activity for which a manager is responsible.
d. only large departments.
74. ABC's actual selling price was less than planned and actual unit volume
more than planned. Therefore,
a. ABC had a favorable sales volume variance.
b. ABC's total contribution margin was more than planned.
c. ABC had a favorable sales price variance.
d. ABC's actual total sales equaled planned total sales.
75. The term "dual rates" refers to
a. allocating costs to several operating departments.
b. allocating fixed costs based on capacity requirements and variable
costs based on use.
c. allocating both actual costs and budgeted costs.
d. using the budgeted rate to allocate some costs, the actual rate to
allocate others.
76. Which of the following methods of allocating the costs of service
departments provides the broadest recognition of departments served?
a. Reciprocal allocation.
b. Stepdown allocation.
c. Direct allocation.
d. Arbitrary allocation.
77. Which of the following is a good reason for allocating indirect costs to
operating departments?
a. The company could lose money if the operating departments do not pay
for the services they use.
b. To remind managers of the need to cover indirect costs.
c. To encourage managers to use more services.
d. To determine the true costs of operating departments.
78. When a manager takes an action that benefits his or her responsibility
center, but not the company as a whole,
a. it is a noncontrollable action.
b. there is a lack of goal congruence.
c. the center must be an artificial profit center.
d. the manager should be fired.
79. Which of the following is a good reason for NOT allocating indirect costs
to operating departments?
a. The company saves money if the operating departments do not pay for
the services they use.
b. To remind managers of the need to cover indirect costs.
c. To encourage managers to use more services.
d. The costs are not controllable by the operating departments.
80. Which of the following is a good reason for NOT allocating indirect costs
to operating departments?
a. To remind managers that revenues must cover indirect costs.
b. To recognize that operating departments benefit from the services.
c. To encourage managers to use services wisely.
d. Because allocating them might prompt operating managers to use
nonincremental costs in making decisions.
81. A profit center is a responsibility center
a. that sells its output outside the company.
b. whose manager is responsible for both revenues and costs.
c. that provides a service to other responsibility centers.
d. within an investment center.
82. An investment center is
a. larger than a cost center.
b. larger than a profit center.
c. seldom the responsibility of a single manager.
d. not truthfully characterized in any of the above statements.
83. The managerial level at which a particular cost is controllable
a. varies from company to company.
b. depends on whether the cost is fixed or variable.
c. depends on whether the cost is direct or indirect.
d. is irrelevant to the preparation of performance reports.
84. If at all possible, a manager's performance report should
a. consider the results that the manager can control.
b. consider only the results that the manager can control.
c. not be influenced by the results of decisions made by other managers.
d. reflect all of the above characteristics.
85. Comparing budgeted and actual amounts is important in evaluating the
performance of
a. the manager of a cost center.
b. the manager of a profit center.
c. the manager of an investment center.
d. any manager.
86. Direct, stepdown, and reciprocal are names for
a. the allocation methods most likely to produce goal congruence.
b. transferpricing methods.
c. methods for allocating costs of service departments to operating
departments.
d. alternative organizational structures.
87. Cascade Company had the following results in June.
Planned Actual
Sales P80,000 P78,900
Variable costs 50,000 48,500
Contribution margin P30,000 P30,400
======= =======
Planned sales were 10,000 units; actual sales were 9,700 units. The
sales price variance is
a. P1,100 U.
b. P1,000 F.
c. P900 U.
d. P400 F.
88. Cascade Company had the following results in June.
Planned Actual
Sales P80,000 P78,900
Variable costs 50,000 48,500
Contribution margin P30,000 P30,400
======= =======
Planned sales were 10,000 units, actual sales were 9,700 units. The
sales volume variance is
a. P1,100 U.
b. P1,000 F.
c. P900 U.
d. P400 F.
89. Certainty Stores has three stores and one service center. The percentage
of services used in the current year are Store X, 35%; Store Y, 40%; and Store
Z, 25%. The service center costs were budgeted at P160,000 fixed and P240,000
variable. Actual fixed costs were P140,000 and actual variable costs were
P270,000. Actual service center costs are allocated to the stores based on
actual usage of the service center. Service center costs allocated to Store Y
are
a. P64,000.
b. P164,000.
c. P410,000.
d. some other number.
90. Certainty Stores has three stores and one service center. The percentage
of services used in the current year are Store X, 35%; Store Y, 40%; and
Store Z, 25%. The service center costs were budgeted at P350,000 fixed
and P250,000 variable. Actual fixed costs were P370,000 and actual
variable costs were P280,000. Budgeted service center costs are
allocated to the stores based on actual usage of the service center.
Service center costs allocated to Store Y are
a. P140,000.
b. P148,000.
c. P240,000.
d. P260,000.
91. Wabasha Co. has two service departments (A and B) and two producing
departments (X and Y). Data provided are as follows:
Service Depts. Operating Depts.
A B X Y
Direct costs P240 P400
Services performed by Dept. A 40% 40% 20%
Services performed by Dept. B. 20% 70% 10%
Wabasha uses the direct method to allocate service department costs. The
service department cost allocated to Department Y is
a. P88.
b. P96.
c. P130.
d. P240.
92. Wabasha Co. has two service departments (A and B) and two producing
departments (X and Y). Data provided are as follows:
Service Depts. Operating Depts.
A B X Y
Direct costs P250 P400
Services performed by Dept. A 40% 40% 20%
Services performed by Dept. B. 20% 70% 10%
Wabasha uses the stepdown method to allocate service department costs.
Department A costs are allocated first. The service department cost
allocated to Department Y is
a. P90.
b. P97.50.
c. P112.50.
d. P130.
93. Wabasha Co. has two service departments (A and B) and two producing
departments (X and Y). Data provided are as follows:
Service Depts. Operating Depts.
A B X Y
Direct costs P150 P300
Services performed by Dept. A 40% 40% 20%
Services performed by Dept. B. 20% 70% 10%
Wabasha uses the reciprocal method to allocate service department costs.
The service department cost allocated to Department Y is
a. P60.
b. P75.
c. P85.
d. P135.
94. Olson Stores has three stores and one service center. The percentage of
services used in the current year are Store A, 40%; Store B, 25%; and
Store C, 45%. The expected longterm budgeted usages are Store A, 30%;
Store B, 30%; and Store C, 40%. The service center costs were budgeted
at P450,000 fixed and P550,000 variable. Actual fixed costs were
P430,000 and actual variable costs were P570,000. Olson allocates the
budgeted variable costs of the central purchasing unit based on actual
use of the unit's services, and allocates budgeted fixed costs based on
expected longterm use of the unit's services. Service center costs
allocated to Store A are
a. P135,000.
b. P220,000.
c. P300,000.
d. P355,000.
95. Olson Stores has three stores and one service center. The percentage of
services used in the current year are Store A, 45%; Store B, 35%; and Store C,
20%. The expected longterm budgeted usages are Store A, 30%; Store B, 40%;
and Store C, 30%. The service center costs were budgeted at P450,000 fixed and
P550,000 variable. Actual fixed costs were P430,000 and actual variable costs
were P570,000. Olson allocates the budgeted variable costs of the central
purchasing unit based on actual use of the unit's services, and allocates
budgeted fixed costs based on expected longterm use of the unit's services.
Service center costs allocated to Store B are
a. P350,000.
b. P372,500.
c. P400,000.
d. P550,000.
96. Basin Co. has two service departments (A and B) and two producing
departments (X and Y). Data provided are as follows:
Service Depts. Operating Depts.
A B X Y
Direct costs P200 P400
Services performed by Dept. A 20% 40% 40%
Services performed by Dept. B. 30% 60% 10%
Basin uses the direct method to allocate service department costs. The
service department cost allocated to Department X is
a. P280.
b. P300.
c. P320.
d. P443.
97. Basin Co. has two service departments (A and B) and two producing
departments (X and Y). Data provided are as follows:
Service Depts. Operating Depts.
A B X Y
Direct costs P200 P400
Services performed by Dept. A 20% 40% 40%
Services performed by Dept. B. 30% 60% 10%
Basin uses the stepdown method to allocate service department costs.
Department A costs are allocated first. The service department cost
allocated to Department X is
a. P457.
b. P443.
c. P320.
d. P300.
98. Basin Co. has two service departments (A and B) and two producing
departments (X and Y). Data provided are as follows:
Service Depts. Operating Depts.
A B X Y
Direct costs P200 P400
Services performed by Dept. A 20% 40% 40%
Services performed by Dept. B. 30% 60% 10%
Basin uses the reciprocal method to allocate service department costs.
The service department cost allocated to Department X is
a. P300.
b. P340.
c. P417.
d. P468.
99. Both ROI and RI can be used for performance evaluation of
a. cost centers.
b. profit centers.
c. investment centers.
d. all of the above.
100. The best transfer price is usually
a. actual cost plus a percentage markup.
b. a reliable market price.
c. budgeted full cost plus a percentage markup.
d. budgeted variable cost plus a percentage markup.
101. This year Division A made sales to Division B at a higher transfer
price than was used last year. All other things equal, which of the
following is true?
a. A's profit this year should be about the same as last year.
b. B's profit this year should be about the same as last year.
c. The company's total profit should be higher this year than last year.
d. The company's total profit should be about the same this year as last
year.
102. Goal congruence is especially relevant to all of the following EXCEPT
a. setting transfer prices for an artificial profit center.
b. quoting prices for outside customers of an investment center.
c. selecting costs to be included in performance reports.
d. setting transfer prices for an investment center.
103. For a division, ROI
a. is usually less than ROI for the company as a whole.
b. eliminates the distortion that cost allocation can produce in other
measures of performance.
c. usually cannot be computed if divisional assets are valued at their
replacement costs.
d. is a performance measure inferior, for some purposes, to residual
income.
104. Divisional ROI is usually
a. higher than that for the company as a whole.
b. lower than that for an outside company operating in the same
industry.
c. lower than return on sales for the division.
d. lower than that for the enterprise as a whole.
105. Divisional profits should
a. exclude revenues and expenses related to dealings with other
divisions within the same enterprise.
b. be computed so that the total profits of all the divisions equals the
total profit for the company.
c. be based on the principle of controllability.
d. be based on cash flows rather than accrual basis accounting.
106. Divisional profit
a. is computed in essentially the same way as is income for the company
as a whole.
b. should include a deduction for an appropriate share of the company's
common costs.
c. normally includes the results of intracompany sales.
d. is not affected by depreciation methods.
107. Using replacement costs for assets in computing ROI and RI
a. is prohibited because it violates generally accepted accounting
principles.
b. will increase both ROI and RI for a division.
c. is unfair to divisional managers.
d. is less popular than the use of book values in those computations.
108. Using residual income for evaluating performance
a. penalizes managers whose segments have low ROIs.
b. penalizes managers of relatively large segments.
c. encourages managers to maximize dollars of profit after a required
ROI has been achieved.
d. encourages managers to maximize ROI for the company.
109. Which item is usually NOT relevant to a decision by a divisional manager
to reduce a transfer price to meet a price offered to another division
by an outside supplier?
a. Opportunity cost.
b. Variable manufacturing costs.
c. Fixed divisional overhead.
d. The price offered by the outside supplier.
110. Division A earns P6,000 on an investment of P36,000. On an investment
of P84,000, Division B earns P12,000. Which of the following is true?
a. Division A's profits are too low.
b. If there are further costs that are common to both divisions, the
total company's ROI is probably greater than 15%.
c. If the minimum desired ROI is 10%, Division A's residual income is
lower than that of Division B.
d. ROI for Division B is greater than ROI for Division A.
111. Which equation describes ROI? (I = investment, S = sales, and
N = income)
a. S/I
b. S/I x N
c. S/I x S/N
d. N/S x S/I
112. Which equation describes residual income? (I = investment, N = income,
and K = minimum required ROI)
a. N (K x I)
b. (K x I) N
c. N/I K
d. (K x I) (N/I)
113. If Division C has a 10% return on sales, income of P10,000, and an
investment turnover of 4 times, its sales are
a. P10,000.
b. P40,000.
c. P100,000.
d. P400,000.
114. If Division C has a 10% return on sales, income of P10,000, and an
investment turnover of 4 times, divisional investment is
a. P10,000.
b. P25,000.
c. P40,000.
d. P100,000.
115. If Division C has a 10% return on sales, income of P10,000, and an
investment turnover of 4 times, its ROI is
a. 5000%.
b. 100%.
c. 40%.
d. 10%.
116. If a division's ROI and the minimum required ROI are the same, the
division's residual income is
a. positive.
b. zero.
c. negative.
d. none of the above.
117. If residual income for Division Q of Company Z is negative, which of the
following is true?
a. Q's ROI is less than Z's minimum required ROI.
b. Q's ROI equals Z's minimum required ROI.
c. Q's ROI is higher than Z's minimum required ROI.
d. None of the above.
118. Marketbased transfer prices are best for
a. the company when the selling division is operating below capacity.
b. the company when the selling division is operating at capacity.
c. the buying division if it is operating at capacity.
d. the buying division.
119. The worst transferpricing method is to base the prices on
a. market prices.
b. budgeted variable costs.
c. budgeted total costs.
d. actual total costs.
120. All other things remaining constant, if a division doubles its
investment turnover, its ROI will
a. decrease.
b. remain constant.
c. increase.
d. double.
121. Residual income
a. is always the best measure of divisional performance.
b. is not as good a measure of performance as ROI.
c. overcomes some of the problems associated with ROI.
d. cannot be used by divisions that deal with others in the same
company.
122. If two divisions earn the same ROI and RI, which of the following is
true?
a. Their managers must be about equally skillful.
b. Their incomes and investments must be the same.
c. Both divisions are doing as well as they should be.
d. All of the above.
123. Which of the following is most likely to be included in calculating
divisional profit?
a. Interest on corporate debt.
b. Income taxes.
c. Sales to other divisions within the company.
d. A share of corporate administration expenses.
124. If sales increase, while income and investment remain constant, which of
the following is true?
a. Investment turnover decreases.
b. ROS decreases.
c. ROI increases.
d. ROI could increase or decrease.
125. Compared to a jewelry store, a supermarket has
a. higher margin and higher turnover.
b. higher margin and lower turnover.
c. lower margin and higher turnover.
d. lower margin and lower turnover.
126. If income increases while sales and investment remain constant, which of
the following is true?
a. Investment turnover increases.
b. ROS decreases.
c. ROI increases.
d. ROI could increase or decrease.
127. Which transfer price is ideal for the company when the selling division
is at capacity?
a. Market price.
b. Incremental cost.
c. Budgeted full cost.
d. Actual variable cost plus a percentage profit.
128. From the standpoint of the company, the important question in transfer
pricing is
a. what is fair to the divisions.
b. how to determine the profit of the divisions.
c. whether or not the transfer should take place.
d. when the transfer should be made.
129. The ROI of Division A relative to that of Division B can be influenced
by
a. the industry in which each division operates.
b. the transfer price used for sales to Division B.
c. the tax structures of the countries in which the divisions operate.
d. all of the above.
130. Considering liabilities in computing divisional investment
a. encourages managers of divisions to pay their bills faster.
b. discourages managers of divisions from acquiring longterm financing.
c. raises divisional ROI above what it would otherwise be.
d. is a bad managerial practice.
131. Interdivisional sales
a. lower the company's public image.
b. minimize income taxes.
c. are ignored when computing divisional ROI.
d. do none of the above.
132. Which of the following is true about transfer prices for sales between
divisions located in different countries?
a. They should consider the tax structures in the two countries.
b. They are usually set by the governments of the two countries.
c. They cannot affect the total income of the company.
d. All of the above.
133. Multinational companies face special problems in which of the following
areas of managerial practice?
a. Performance evaluation.
b. Transfer prices.
c. Allocating common costs.
d. All of the above.
134. Which of the following describes the computation of ROI?
a. Return on Sales x Investment
b. Investment Turnover x Return on Sales
c. Income (Investment x Minimum RI)
d. Sales x Investment Turnover
135. If the investment turnover increased by 20% and ROS decreased by 30%,
the ROI would
a. increase by 20%.
b. decrease by 16%.
c. increase by 4%.
d. none of the above.
136. Scottso Division has the following results for the year:
Revenues P1,080,000
Variable expenses 440,000
Fixed expenses 400,000
Total divisional assets are P1,600,000. The company's minimum required
rate of return is 14 percent. Residual income for Scottso is
a. P(64,000).
b. P16,000.
c. P151,200.
d. P224,000.
137. Scottso Division has the following results for the year:
Revenues P1,080,000
Variable expenses 440,000
Fixed expenses 400,000
Total divisional assets are P1,600,000. The company's minimum required
rate of return is 14 percent. Return on investment for Scottso is
a. 54%.
b. 18%.
c. 15%.
d. 10%.
138. Monrovia Division has net income of P240,000 on sales of P3,200,000. If
the investment is P1,600,000 what is ROS?
a. 15.0%
b. 7.5%
c. 10.0
d. 2.0
139. Scottso Division has the following results for the year:
Revenues P1,080,000
Variable expenses 440,000
Fixed expenses 400,000
Total divisional assets are P1,600,000. The company's minimum required
rate of return is 14 percent. Return on sales for Scottso is
a. 1.5%.
b. 15.0%.
c. 22.2%.
d. 67.5%.
140. Monrovia Division has net income of P240,000 on sales of P3,200,000. If
the investment is P1,600,000 what is asset turnover?
a. 15.0%
b. 7.5%
c. 10.0
d. 2.0
141. Monrovia Division has net income of P240,000 on sales of P3,200,000. If
the investment is P1,600,000 what is ROI?
a. 15.0%
b. 7.5%
c. 10.0
d. 2.0
142. Alcatraz Division of XYZ Corp. sells 80,000 units of part X to the
outside market. Part X sells for P40, has a variable cost of P22, and a
fixed cost per unit of P10. Alcatraz has a capacity to produce 100,000
units per period. Capone Division currently purchases 10,000 units of
part X from Alcatraz for P40. Capone has been approached by an outside
supplier willing to supply the parts for P36. What is the effect on
XYZ's overall profit if Alcatraz REFUSES the outside price and Capone
decides to buy outside?
a. no change
b. P140,000 decrease in XYZ profits
c. P80,000 decrease in XYZ profits
d. P40,000 increase in XYZ profits
143. Alcatraz Division of XYZ Corp. sells 80,000 units of part X to the
outside market. Part X sells for P40, has a variable cost of P22, and a
fixed cost per unit of P10. Alcatraz has a capacity to produce 100,000
units per period. Capone Division currently purchases 10,000 units of
part X from Alcatraz for P40. Capone has been approached by an outside
supplier willing to supply the parts for P36. What is the effect on
XYZ's overall profit if Alcatraz ACCEPTS the outside price and Capone
continues to buy inside?
a. no change
b. P140,000 decrease in XYZ profits
c. P80,000 decrease in XYZ profits
d. P40,000 increase in XYZ profits
144. If the investment turnover decreased by 20% and ROS decreased by 30%,
the ROI would
a. increase by 30%.
b. decrease by 20%.
c. decrease by 44%.
d. none of the above.
145. If the investment turnover increased by 10% and ROS increased by 20%,
the ROI would
a. increase by 10%.
b. increase by 20%.
c. increase by 30%.
d. increase by 32%.
146. Durand Division has the following results for the year:
Revenues P470,000
Net income 130,000
Total divisional assets are P625,000. The company's minimum required
rate of return is 12 percent. Residual income for Durand is
a. P3,760.
b. P55,000.
c. P73,600.
d. cannot be determined without further information.
147. Durand Division has the following results for the year:
Revenues P470,000
Net income 130,000
Total divisional assets are P625,000. The company's minimum required
rate of return is 12 percent. Return on investment for Durand is
a. 9.0%.
b. 18.3%.
c. 20.8%.
d. 27.7%.
148. Durand Division has the following results for the year:
Revenues P470,000
Net income 130,000
Total divisional assets are P625,000. The company's minimum required
rate of return is 12 percent. Return on sales for Durand is
a. 9.0%.
b. 18.3%.
c. 20.8%.
d. 27.7%.
150. The maximum amount Quigley would be willing to pay Hermo annually for
the power is
A. P600,000. B. P1,050,000.
C. P1,200,000. D. P1,000,000.