xiv Contents
5.9 Periodic Heating 327
5.10 Finite-Difference Methods 330
5.10.1 Discretization of the Heat Equation: The Explicit Method 330
5.10.2 Discretization of the Heat Equation: The Implicit Method 337
5.11 Summary 345
References 346
Problems 346
5S.1 Graphical Representation of One-Dimensional, Transient Conduction in the
Plane Wall, Long Cylinder, and Sphere W-12
5S.2 Analytical Solutions of Multidimensional Effects W-16
References W-22
Problems W-22
CHAPTER 6 Introduction to Convection 377
6.1 The Convection Boundary Layers 378
6.1.1 The Velocity Boundary Layer 378
6.1.2 The Thermal Boundary Layer 379
6.1.3 The Concentration Boundary Layer 380
6.1.4 Significance of the Boundary Layers 382
6.2 Local and Average Convection Coefficients 382
6.2.1 Heat Transfer 382
6.2.2 Mass Transfer 383
6.2.3 The Problem of Convection 385
6.3 Laminar and Turbulent Flow 389
6.3.1 Laminar and Turbulent Velocity Boundary Layers 389
6.3.2 Laminar and Turbulent Thermal and Species Concentration
Boundary Layers 391
6.4 The Boundary Layer Equations 394
6.4.1 Boundary Layer Equations for Laminar Flow 394
6.4.2 Compressible Flow 397
6.5 Boundary Layer Similarity: The Normalized Boundary Layer Equations 398
6.5.1 Boundary Layer Similarity Parameters 398
6.5.2 Functional Form of the Solutions 400
6.6 Physical Interpretation of the Dimensionless Parameters 407
6.7 Boundary Layer Analogies 409
6.7.1 The Heat and Mass Transfer Analogy 410
6.7.2 Evaporative Cooling 413
6.7.3 The Reynolds Analogy 416
6.8 Summary 417
References 418
Problems 419
6S.1 Derivation of the Convection Transfer Equations W-25
6S.1.1 Conservation of Mass W-25
6S.1.2 Newton’s Second Law of Motion W-26
6S.1.3 Conservation of Energy W-29
6S.1.4 Conservation of Species W-32
References W-36
Problems W-36