Proportional reasoning…

@whisto_maths Multiplicative Change

What do I need to be able Keywords
to do? Proportion: a statement that links two ratios
By the end of this unit you should be able to: Variable: a part that the value can be changed
• Solve problems and explain direct Axes: horizontal and vertical lines that a graph is plotted around
proportion Approximation: an estimate for a value
• Use conversion graphs to make
statements, comparisons and form
Scale Factor: the multiple that increases/ decreases a shape in size
conclusions. Currency: the system of money used in a particular country
• Understand and use scale factors for Conversion: the process of changing one variable to another
length Scale: the comparison of something drawn to its actual size.

Direct Proportion As one variable changes the other changes at

the same rate.
Conversion Graphs Compare two variables

This is always a straight line because as one variable

This is a multiplicative change
kilometres

increases so does the other at the same rate

4 cans of pop = £2.40 4 cans of pop = £2.40
x3
x3

12 cans of pop = £7.20 miles

4 cans of pop = £2.40 To make conversions between units you need to find the
x 0.5
x 0.5

point to compare – then find the associated point by

2 cans of pop = £1.20 using your graph.
Sometimes this is easiest Labelling of both axes
This multiplier is the same if you work out how much is vital Using a ruler helps for accuracy
In the same way that this one unit is worth first Showing your conversion lines help as a “check” for
would be for ratio e.g. 1 can of pop = £0.60 solutions

Conversion between currencies Ratio between similar shapes

Angles in similar shapes do not change.
Currency is directly proportional
For every £1 e.g. if a triangle gets bigger the angles can
£1 = 90 Rupees
x 10

not go above 1800

x 10

I have 90 Rupees
£10 = 900 Rupees
Currency can be converted
using a conversion graph
Rupees

Convert 630 Rupees into Pounds

900 Corresponding sides Note
£1 = 90 Rupees 630 ÷ 90 = 7 3m : 4.5m 8m : 12m Simplify to the
x7
x7

x8
÷3

x8
÷3

10 Pounds 1 m : 1.5 m 1 m : 1.5 m same ratio

£7 = 630 Rupees

Understand Scale Factor Draw and interpret scale diagrams Interpret maps with scale factors
A picture of a car is drawn with a scale of 1:30 ÷ 10 ÷ 100 ÷ 1000

For every 1cm on my image is mm cm m km

3 x 1.5 = 4.5 30cm in real life
This is a multiplicative change x 10 x 100 x 1000
Use corresponding Missing length
8 x 1.5 = 12m The car image is Ratios need to be in the
sides to calculate a same units
10cm Image : Real life
scale factor
1cm : 30cm
x 10

1 cm : 250m
x 10

10cm : 300cm 250 x 100 = 25000

Scale factor can also Bigger corresponding side 1 cm : 25000cm
be calculated by: Smaller corresponding side
The car in real life
For every 1cm on my map is
is 210cm Image : Real life
x SF 25000cm in real life.
1cm : 30cm
x7

Small corresponding side Big corresponding side

x7

7cm : 210 cm
÷ SF