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89 views326 pages4-Tabla Diseño Compresión
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PART 4
DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS
43
AVAILABLE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 43
LOCAL BUCKLING ... see : 43
Determining the Width-to-Thickness Ratios of the Cross Section . 3
Determining the Slendemness of the Cross Section ......
EFFECTIVE LENGTH AND COLUMN SLENDERNESS
COMPOSITE COMPRESSION MEMBERS
DESIGN TABLE DISCUSSION
Steel Compression—Member Selection Tables
Composite Compression —Member Selection Tables.
PART 4 REFERENCES
‘STEEL COMPRESSION MEMBER SELECTION TABLES .
Table 4-1, W-Shapes in Axial Compression... -
‘Table 4-2, HP-Shapes in Axial Compression.
Table 4-3. Rectangular HSS in Axial Compression .
Table 4-4, Square HSS in Axial Compression...
‘Table 4-5. Round HSS in Axial Compression
Table 4-6. Pipe in Axial Compression...
‘Table 4-7. WT-Shapes in Axiat Compression .........4
Table 4-8. Equal-Leg Double Angles in Axial Compression
Table 4-9. LBB Double Angles in Axial Compression .
Table 4-10. SLBB Double Angles in Axial Compression sees
‘Table 4-11. Concentrically Loaded Single Angles in Axial Compression .
‘Table 4-12, Eccentrically Loaded Single Angles in Axial Compression
COMPOSITE COMPRESSION—MEMBER SELECTION TABLES .
Table 4-13, Rectangular HSS Filled with 4-ksi Normal Weight Concrete
in Axial Compression 6.0.0 000000 ec ee cece cette eee eee ce a eee eee 205
Table 4-14. Rectangular HSS Filled
in Axial Compression .
Table 4-15. Square HSS Filled with 44
in Axial Compression...
si Normal Weight Concrete
i Normal Weight Concrete
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Table 4-16, Square HSS Filled with 5-ksi Normal Weight Conctete
in Axial Compression becteteseee 4.263
‘Table 4-17. Round HSS Filled with 4-ksi Normal Weight Concrete
in Axial Compression ..... seve 279
“Table 4-18, Round HSS Filled with 5-ksi Normal Weigh i Conerete
beeen ener eee eee 4-296
in Axial Compression ........ on
‘Table 4-19. Pipe Filled with 4-ksi Normat Weigh Concrete
in Axial Compression ..........0. cee
‘Table 4-20. Pipe Filled with 5-ksi Normal Weight Concrete
in Axial Compression . cece eee e eee eeeeeeees
4317
Table 4-21. Stiffness Reduction Factor t .. cesses $21
‘Table 4-22. Available Critical Stress for Compression Members ...... pees A-322
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SCOPE
The specification requirements and other design considerations summarized in this Part
apply to the design of members subject to axial compression. Por the design of members
subject to eccentric conipression or combined axial compression and flexure, see Part 6.
AVAILABLE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
‘The available strength of compression members, §P, or P,/@, which must equal or exceed
the required strength, P, or P,, respectively, is determined according to AISC Specification
Chapter E.
LOCAL BUCKLING
Determining the Width-to-Thickness Ratios
of the Cross Section
‘Steel compression members are classified on the basis of the width-to-thickness ratios of the
various elements of the cross section. The widti-lo-thickness ratio is caleulated for each ele-
ment of the cross section per AISC Specification Section B4.
Determining the Slenderness of the Cross Section
‘When the width-to-thickness ratios of all compression elements are less than or equal to A,,
the cross section is nonslender, and Q, the reduction factor for slender compression ele-
ments (elastic local buckling effects), equals 1.0. When the width-to-thickness ratio of a
compression clement is greater than A,, the cross section is a slender-element cross section
and Q must be included in the calculation of the available compressive strength. Q is deter-
mined pet AISC Specification Section E7, and A, is determined per AISC Specification
Section B4 and Table B4.1a.
EFFECTIVE LENGTH AND COLUMN SLENDERNESS,
Columns are designed for their slendemess, KL/r, per AISC Specification Section E2. The
effective length, KL, is equal to the effective length factor, K. multiplied by L, the physical
length between braced points (see AISC Specification Appendix 6).
When a stability analysis is performed using the direct analysis method per AISC
Specification Chapter C
When a stability analysis is performed using the first-order analysis method in AISC
Specification Appendix Section 7.3, K= 1.
When a stability analysis is performed using the effective length method in AISC
Specification Appendix Section 7.2, the following applies:
K= 1 for columns braved at each end and whose flexural stiffnesses are not consid-
eied to contribute to lateral stability and resistance to lateral loads.
K= | forall columns when the ratio of maximum second-order drift to first-order drift
in alt stories is less than 1.1.
K shall be determined trom a sidesway buckling analysis for all columns whose flex-
ufal stiffhesses are considered to contribute to lateral stability and resistance © lateral
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loads. Guidance on the proper determination of the value of K is given in AISC
Specification Commentary to Appendix Section 7.2.
As indicated in the User Note in AISC Specification Section E2, compression member
slendemess, KL should preferably be limited to a maximum of 200. Note that this recom-
mendation does not apply to members that are primarily tension members, but subject to
incidental compression under other load combinations.
Additional information is available in the SSRC Guide to Stability Design Criteria for
Meial Structures (Ziemian, 2010).
COMPOSITE COMPRESSION MEMBERS
For the design of encased composite and filled composite compression members, see AISC
Specification Section 12. Sce also AISC Design Guide 6, Load and Resistance Factor
Design of W-Shapes Encased in Concrete (Griffis, 1992). For further information on com-
posite design and construction, see also Viest et al. (1997).
DESIGN TABLE DISCUSSION
Steel Compression—Member Selection Tables
Table 4-1. W-Shapes in Axial Compression
Available strengths in axial compression are given for W-shapes with F,
A992), The tabulated values are given for the effective length with respect to the y-axis
(KLyy. However, the effective length with respect to the x-axis (KL), must also be investi-
gated. To determine the available strength in axial compression, the table should be entered
at the larger of (KL), and (KE)y og, where
1)
Values of the ratio re/ry and other properties useful in the design of W-shape compression
members are listed xt the bottom of Table 4-1.
Variables Pro, Pyis Pai and Pp shown in Table 4-1 can be used (0 determine the strength
of Weshapes without stiffeners to resist concentrated forees applied normal to the face(s) of
the flange(s). In these tables it is assumed that the concentrated forces act far enough away
from the member ends that end effects are not considered (end effects are addressed in
Chapter 9). When P, < $2, or R/O, column web stiffeners are not required. Figures 41,
4-2 and 4-3 illustrate the lirnit states and the applicable variables for each,
‘Web Local Yielding: The variables Py. and P,; can be used in the calculation of the avail-
able web local yielding strength for the columm as follows:
LRFD ASD.
QRn= Prot Pwilo — (A-2a) RyYIQ= Poo Prily (4-2)
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where
ty (S-+ 15) = SF put + Fyvtwls, kips (AISC Specification Equation J10-2 )
SF wfyk for LRED and 5F,,t,,4/Q for ASD, kips
F nate for LRFD and Fyety/2 for ASD, kipsvin.
jistance from outer face of flange to the web toe of fillet, in,
angth of bearing, in.
hickness of web, in.
‘Web Compression Buckling: The variable Py is the available web compression buckling
strength for the column as follows:
LRFD AsD
Rn = Pos 3a) RQ
(43h)
where
13
Ry = tte EB et {AISC Specification Equation 10-8 )
3 3 ER
Pg AEF for LRFD and Ban for ASD, kips
Foe = specified minimum yield stress of the web, ksi
‘A =clear distance between flanges less the fillet or comer radius for rolled shapes, in,
o 90
Q =167
5k + ly
5
as
Fig. 4-1. Mustration of web local yielding limit state
{AISC Specification Section 110.2).
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Flange Local Buckling: The variable Pg, is the available flange local bending strength for
the column as follows:
LRFD ASD.
OR, = Pp (4-4a) RylQ= Pry (4-40)
where
R, = 6.25F yt}, kips (AISC Specification Equation 310-1 )
Pye = 96.25 Fyt} for LRED and 6.25 Fyt7/Q for ASD, kips
6 =090
Q =167
Bs as]
Fig. 4-2, Mlustration of web compression buckling tinit stare
{AISC Specification Section 410.5)
4
Fig 43, Wustration of flange local bemling limit state
(AISC Specification Section HO).
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Table 4-2. HP-Shapes in Axial Compression
‘Table 4-2 is similar to Table 4-1, except it covers HP-shapes with F, = 50 ksi (ASTM A572
Grade 50).
Table 4-3. Rectangular HSS in Axial Compression
“Available strengths in axial compression are given for rectangular HSS with F, = 46 ksi
{ASTM AS00 Grade B). The tabulated values are given for the effective length with respect
to the y-axis. (KE). However, the effective length with respect to the x-axis (KZ), must also
be investigated. To determine the available strength in axial compression, the table should
be entered at the larger of (Ki), and (KL), eq, where
(sx)
(FD) y= ab
ty
Values of the ratio ry/ry and other properties useful in the design of rectangular HSS com-
pression members are listed at the bottom of Table 4-3,
Table 4-4. Square HSS in Axial Compression
‘Table 4-4 is similar to Table 4-3, except that it covers square HSS.
Table 4-5. Round HSS in Axial Compression
Available strengths in axial compression are given for round HSS with F, = 42 ksi (ASTM
A500 Grade B), To determine the available strength in axis! compression, the table should
be entered at KZ. Other properties useful in the design of compression members are listed
at the bottom of the available column strength tables,
Table 4-6. Pipe in Axial Compression
Table 4-6 is similar to Table 4-5, except it covers pipe with F, = 35 ksi (ASTM A53 Grade B).
Table 4-7. WT-Shapes in Axial Compression
‘Available strengths in axial compression, including the limit state of flexural-torsional buck-
Ting, are given for WT-shapes with F; ~ 50 ksi (ASTM A992). Separate tabulated values are
xiven for the effective lengths with respect to the x- and y-axes, (KL), and (KL)y. respee-
tively. Other properties useful in the design of WT-shape compression members are listed at
the bottom of Table 4-7.
Table 4-8. Equal-Leg Double Angles in Axial Compression
‘Available strengths in axial compression, including the limit state of flexural-torsional buck-
Ting. are given for equal-leg double angles with Fy = 36 ksi (ASTM A36), assuming "s-i.
separation between the angles, These values can be used conservatively when a larger sep-
aration is provided. Alternatively, the value of (KL), can be multiplied by the ratio of (7p for
a Yein, separation) to (ry for the actual separation).
Separate tabulated values are given for the effective lengths with respect to the x- and
-axes, (KL), and (KL)y, respectively. For buckling about the x-axis, the available strength
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is not affected by the number of intermediate connectors. However, for buckling about the
y-axis, the effects of shear deformations of the intermediate connectors must be considered.
‘The tabulated values for (KE), have been adjusted for the shear deformations in uecordance
with AISC Specification Equations E6-2a and E6-2b, which is applicable to welded and
pretensioned bolted intermediate shear connectors. The number of intermediate connec-
tors. n, is given in the table and the line of demarcation between the required connector
values is dashed. Intermediate connectors are selected such that the available compression
buckling strength about the y-axis is equal to or greater than 90% of that for compression
buckling of the two angles as a unit, If fewer connectors or snug-tightened bolted interme-
diate connectors are used, the available strength must be reculeulated per ATSC
Specification Section E6. Per AISC Specification Section 6.2. the slendemess of the indi-
vidual components of the built-up member based upon the distance between intermediate
connectors, a, must not exceed three-quarters of the controlling slenderness of the overall
built-up compression member.
‘Other properties useful in the design of double-angle compression members ate listed at
the bottom of Table 4-8.
Table 4-9. LLBB Double Angles in Axial Compression
‘Table 4-9 is the same as Table 4-8, except that it provides available strengths in axial com-
pression for double angles with long legs back-to-back,
Table 4-10. SLBB Double Angles in Axial Compression
‘Table 4-10 is the same as Table 4-8, except that it provides available strengths in axial com-
pression for double angles with short legs back-to-back.
Table 4-11. Concentrically Loaded Single Angles in Axial
Compression
Available strengths in axial compression are given for single angles, loaded through the een
{roid of the cross section, with F, = 36 ksi (ASTM A36) based upon the effective length with
respect to the z-axis, (KL). Single angles may be assumed to be loaded through the centroid
when the requirements of AISC Specification Section ES are met, as in these cases the
‘eccentricity is accounted for and the slenderness is reduced by the restraining effects of the
support at both ends of the member.
Table 4-12. Eccentrically Loaded Single Angles in Axial
Compression
Available strengths in axial compression are given for eccentrically loaded single angles
with F, = 36 ksi (ASTM A36).
‘The Jong leg of the angle is assumed to be attached to a gusset plate with a thickness of
1 St. The tabulated values assume load placed at the mid-width of the long leg of the angle
al a distance of 0.75¢ from the face of this leg.
Effective length, KL, is assumed to be the same on all axes (r;, ry, F; and fy), Table 4-12,
‘considers the combined bending stresses at the heel and the fips of the angle (points A, B
and C in Figure 4-4) produced by axial compression plus biaxial bending moments about
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the principal w- and z-axes using AISC Specification Equation H2-1. Points A and C are
assumed at the angle mid-thickness at distances b and d (respectively) from the heel.
‘Note that for some sections, such as L3'/2x3x%/s, the calculated available strength can
increase slightly as the unbraced length increases from zero, and then decrease as the
unbraced length further increases.
Composite Compression—Member Selection Tables
Table 4-13. Rectangular HSS Filled with 4-ksi Normal Weight
Concrete in Axial Compression
Available strengths in axial compression are given for rectangular HSS with Fy = 46 ksi
(ASTM A500 Grade B) filled with 4-ksi normal weight concrete. The tabulated values are
given for the effective length with respect to the y-aris (KL)y. However, the effective length
with respect to the x-axis (KL), must also be investigated. To determine the available strength
in axial compression, the (able should be entered af the larger of (KLiy and (Ky eq, where
(x1), = 2
(45)
Tony
Values of the ratio rad?ny ancl other properties useful in the design of composite HSS cont-
pression members are listed at the bottom of Table 4-13. The variables fin, and finy are the
radii of gyration for the composite eross section. The ratio rnu/Fm; is determined as
46)
Fig. 4-4. Eccentvically loaded single angle.
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For compact composite sections, the values of 6, and My/Q were calculated using the
nominal moment strength equations for point B of the interaction diagram in Table C of the
Discussion of Limit State Response of Composite Columns and Bean-Colunns Part H:
Application of Design Provisions for the 2005 AISC Specification (Geschwindner, 2010).
For noncompact sections, the values of @M, and My/C2 were calculated using the closed
formed equations presented in the Commentary Figure C-13-7
‘The available strengths tabulated in Tables 4-13 through 4-20 are given for the indicated
shape with the associated concrete fill. AISC Specification Section 12.2b stipulates that the
available compressive strength of a filled composite member need not be less than that spec-
ified for a bare steel member. In these tables, available strengths contralied by the bare steel
acting alone are identified. Additionally, there is no longitudinal reinforcement provided,
because there is no requirement for minimum reinforcement in the AISC Specification. The
use of filled shapes without longitudinal reinforcement is a common industry practice.
Table 4-14. Square HSS Filled with 4-ksi Normal Weight
Concrete Axial Compression
Table 4-14 is the same as Tuble 4-13, except that it provides available strengths in axial com-
pression for square HSS filled with 4-ksi normal weight conorete.
Table 4-15. Rectangular HSS Filled with 5-ksi Normal Weight
Concrete in Axial Compression
Table 4-15 is the same as Table 4-13, except that it provides available strengths in axial com-
pression for rectangular HSS filled with 5-ksi normal weight concrete.
Table 4-16. Square HSS Filled with 5-ksi Normal Weight
Concrete in Axial Compression
‘Table 4-16 is the same as Table 4-13, except that it provides available strengths in axial com-
pression for square HSS filled with 5-ksi normal weight concrete.
Table 4-17. Round HSS Filled with 4-ksi Normal Weight
Concrete in Axial Compression
Available strengths in axial compression are given for round HSS with Fy = 42 ksi (ASTM
‘A500 Grade B) filled with 4-ksi normal weight concrete. To determine the available strength
in axial compression, the table should be entered at the largest effective length, KL. Other
properties useful in the design of compression members are listed at the bottorn of Table 4-5.
The values of 6M, and M,/Q were calculated using the nominal moment strength equa-
tions for point B of the interaction diagram in Table D of the Discussion of Limit State
Response of Composite Columns and Beam-Columns Part Il: Application of Design
Provisions for the 2005 AISC Specification (Geschwindner, 2010).
Table 4-18. Round HSS Filled with 5-ksi Normal Weight
Concret Axial Compression
Table 4-18 is the same as"Table 4-17, except that it provides available strengths in axial cont-
pression for round HSS filled with 5-ksi normal weight concrete.
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Table 4-19. Pipe Filled with 4-ksi Normal Weight Concrete in
Axial Compression
‘Available strengths in axial compression are given for pipe with Fy = 35 ksi (ASTM AS3
Grade B) filled with 4-ksi normal weight concrete. To determine the available strength in
axial compression, the table should be entered at the largest effective length, KL. Other prop-
erties useful in the design of compression members are listed at the bottom of Table 4-6.
Table 4-20. Pipe Filled with 5-ksi Normal Weight Concrete in
Axial Compression
Table 4-20 is the sume as Table 4-19, except that it provides available strengths in axial com-
pression for pipe filled with -ksi normal weight concrete.
Table 4-21. Stiffness Reduction Factor Tp
‘When an analysis is performed using the effective length method in AISC Specification
Appendix Section 7.2, that procedure requires determination of the effective Jength factor,
K.A.common method of determining X is through the use of alignment charts provided in
the AISC Specification Commentary.
When column buckling occurs in the inelastic range, the alignment charts usually give
conservative results, For more accurate solutions, inelastic K-factors ean be determined
from the alignment chart by using 7p times the elastic modulus of the colurans in the equa-
tion for G. The stiffness reduction factor, tp. is the ratio of the tangent modulus, £7 , to the
elastic modulus, E. Values are tabulated for steels with Fy = 35 ksi, 36 ksi, 42 ksi, 46 ksi
and 50 ksi.
Table 4-22. Available Critical Stress for Compression
Members
Table 4-22 provides the available critical stress for various ratios of Ki/r, for materials with
a minimum specified yield strength of 35 ksi. 36 ksi, 42 ksi, 46 ksi and 30 ksi,
PART 4 REFERENCES
Geschwindner, LF. (2010), “Diseussion of Limit State Responses of Composite Colurnns
and Beam-Columns Part 11: Application of Design Provisions for the 2005 AISC
Specification,” Engineering Journal, AISC, Vol. 47, No. 2, Ind Quarter, pp. 131-139,
Chicago, IL.
Griffis, L.G. (1992), Load and Resistance Factor Design of W-Shapes Encased in Concrete,
ign Guide 6, AISC, Chicago, IL.
Sakla, S. (2001), “Tables for the Design Strength of Eecentrically-Loaded Single Angle
Struts,” Engineering Journal, AISC, Vol. 38, No. 3, 3rd Quarter, pp. 127-136, Chicago, IL.
Viest. LM., Colaco, J.P., Furlong. R.W., Griffis, L.G., Leon, RT. and Wyllie, LA. (1997),
Composite Construction Design for Buildings. ASCE, New York, NY.
Ziemian, R.D, (ed.) (2010), Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal Structures, 6th Bd,
John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ.
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Table 4-1
Available Strength in
Axial Compression, kips
wis W-Shapes
‘Shape wis
It
Design
Fy = 50 ksi
Pale] OoPe [PulQe] def
616 [ATG] 080
200 {8750 | sono
6120 } 8730 | 5570
600 | 3860 | 5500
5950 | 2800 | 5120
3000 | Sa60 | 3550 | 5380
8770 | 3490 | 6240
5660 | 3420 | 5150
5560 | 3360 | 5050
50 | 3290 | 4950
5340 | 3220,| 4800
s100 | 3080_| 4600
960 | 2920 | 4400
4600 | 2770 | 4160
seo | 2610 | 3020
4080 | 2450:| 3680
3820
3680 | 2130 | 3200
900 | 4970 | 2060
3050 #.1820;| 2730
Po00 | 1670 | 2510
2900 | 1710 | 2570 | 4520 | 2200
1560 | 2340 | 1390 | 2080
2420 | 1486 2140 | 1270 | 1910
‘90 | 1460 | 1750
1810 | 1070 | i610
.
g
BE2
EY
Ettective length, Kt (), with respect to Least radius of gyration, ry
36
38
40
42
4
46
8
50
3
g
3
d] 2240 | i260 | 1920
119 | 730] 419 | 673 | 101
29g00] 12500] r8800
| 3450 | 1990 | 2400
159 156 185
213 196 19
162 147 1
9430 8210 7190
4170 3250 2880 2500
: 4.62 456 449 449 438
lly 174 173 471 470 1.68 1.87
FedKi?/0%,A-in?| 409000 | 385000 | 309000 | 270000 | 235000 | 205000,
PMO Kin?| 195000 | Ti9@0__| 105000, 93000 82400 73300
SD RFD | Fngo ticiness gratr tar 2 Spal raqoremens ay arly par ASC
Speafcaton Section XB
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Table 4-1 (continued)
F, = 50 ksi Available Strength in
Axial Compression, kips
W-Shapes wi4a
Shape Witax
‘bt “a0 ey 310 ue we 2a
Design (ube AeP [lke ooh [ld Ph [Fle oePh | Pel tt [Pls] Pa
‘aso'| iRFD | asp | URFO | ASD!) LRFD | {ASD | LRFD | ‘ASD | LRFD | ASD | LAFD
| aran | 5620 Faso | S260 | 60 Fx000 | Bua0.T
