1. A radio wave signal has 5GHz in space. Find the wavelength in cm and the period.

c 3∗108 m/s 1 1
F= λ= F= t=
λ 5∗10 9 Hz t 5∗10 9 Hz

c 3 1 t=2∗10−10 s
λ= λ= m t=
F 50 F
∴ t=20 ns
∴ λ=6 cm

2. The power density measured at a certain distance from a 5kW isotropic source in free space is
15.9x10-14 W/m2. How far away is the source?

Note that it is assumed that the power gain of

Pout∗Gtx an isotropic antenna is 1.0.
P D=
4∗π∗D 2

Pout ∗Gtx (5∗103 W )∗1

D 2=
4∗π∗PD
D=
√ 4∗π∗(15.9∗10−14 W /m2)

Pout ∗G tx D=5.002435619 ×10 7 m

D=
√
4∗π∗PD
∴ D=50 Gm

3. What is the wave impedance in a perfect dielectric with εr = 7.6?

Given that:
μ ε =ε 0 ε r Almost the same. However,
Z=
√ ε μ=μ 0=4 π∗10−7 H / m
ε 0=8.8541878128∗10−12 F /m
the second one is only an
approximation. The true value
is:
μ0 ε r=7.6
Z=
√ ε0 εr
4 π∗10−7 H /m
∴ Z=136.6544 Ω

Z=
Z0
√ εr
Z=
√ −12
(8.8541878128∗10 F /m)∗(7.6)

Z=136.6544476
377
Z≈ Ω
√ εr 377
Z= Ω
√ 7.6
Z=136.7522731 Ω
4. What power density is required to produce electric field strength of 100 volts per meter in air?

E2 2
30∗Pt∗¿ P D= W /m
E= √ V /m Z
d
1002
E P D=
H= A /m 120 π
Z
250
Z=120 πΩ P D=
3π
Z=376.991184 Ω
Z ≈ 377 Ω P D=26.52582385

P D=E∗H W /m2 ∴ P D =26.5258 W /m 2

E∗E
P D= W /m2
Z

5. The total power delivered to the radiator of an isotropic antenna is 200,000 W. Determine the power
density at a distance of 100 meters.

Note that it is assumed that the power gain of

Pout∗Gtx an isotropic antenna is 1.0.
P D=
4∗π∗D 2
(2∗105 W )∗1
P D=
4∗π∗(100 m)2

P D=1.591549431 W /m 2

∴ P D =1.5915W /m 2

6. What is the maximum line of sight distance between a paging antenna 250 ft high and a pager
receiver 3.5 ft from the ground?
 D= √2∗h1∗R+ h12+ √2∗h2∗R+ h22
Dm =34871.50537 m
R=6.38∗10 6 m=2.093∗107 ft
h1 =76.2m=250 ft D ft =114403.0201 ft
h2 =1.0668 m=3.5 ft
∴ D m=34.8715 km
D m =√ 2∗76.2 m∗6.38∗106 m+(76.2m)2+ √ 2∗1.0668 m∗6.38∗106 m+(1.0668 m)2
7 2 7 2
∴ Dft =1.1440∗105 ft
Dft =√ 2∗250 ft∗2.093∗10 ft +( 250 ft ) + √ 2∗3.5 ft∗2.093∗10 ft +(3.5 ft )

7. A certain dielectric has permittivity of 2.8 x10^-10 F/m and the same permeability as free space. What
is the characteristic impedance of that dielectric?

Given that:
μ ε =ε 0 ε r Almost the same.
Z=
ε √ μ=μ 0=4 π∗10−7 H / m
ε 0=8.8541878128∗10−12 F /m
However, the second one
is only an approximation.
The true value is:
μ0
Z=
√ ε0 εr
ε r=2.8 x 10−10 F /m

−7
4 π∗10 H /m
∴ Z=22.5139 G Ω

Z
Z= 0
√ εr
Z=
√ (8.8541878128∗10−12 F /m)∗(2.8∗10−10 F /m)

Z=22513942.44 Ω
377
Z≈ Ω
√ εr 377
Z= Ω
√2.8∗10−10 F /m
Z=22529528.51 Ω

8. In sky wave propagation, what is the critical frequency if the maximum number of free electrons in a
certain ionospheric layer is 1.5x 10^12 per cubic meter?
 f c =9 √ Nm f c =9 √ 1.5∗1012

f c =11022703.84 Hz

∴ f c =11.0227 MHz

9. What is the electric field strength in millivolts per meter if the transmitted power is 30kW, at a
distance of 5km?

E= √
30∗Pt∗¿ 30∗(30∗103 )∗1
V /m E= √ V /m
d 5∗103
Pt =30 kW E=0.1897366596 V /m
d=5 km
¿=1 E=189.7367 mV /v

∴ E=189.7367 mV /v

10. The critical frequency at a particular time is 12.5 MHz. What is the MUF for a transmitting station if
the required angle of incidence for propagation to a desired destination is 65°?

f 12.5∗10 6
muf = c muf =
cos [i] cos [ 65 ° ]

muf =−22224045.53
 ∴ muf =22.2240 MHz

11. What is the angle of refraction of the radio wave signal as it moves from air to glass, if the angle of
incidence is 8.2 degrees?

Using Snell’s law

n1∗sin(θ1 )
n1∗sin(θ1 )=n 2∗sin(θ 2) sin(θ 2)=
n2

n1 =nair =1.0003 θ2=arcsin ¿

n2 =nglass =1.517 1.0003∗sin (θ1)
θ1=8.2 θ2=arcsin [ ]
1.517

θ2=0.6691399758°

∴ θ2=0.6691 °