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EM II - Chapter 02-04

This document discusses the undetermined coefficients method for solving non-homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations. It introduces the method, which involves finding the complementary solution to the associated homogeneous equation and assuming a particular solution with undetermined coefficients that is then solved for by substitution into the original equation. Several examples demonstrate applying the method to equations with polynomial, exponential, sine, and cosine non-homogeneous terms. The document provides instructions on setting up and solving equations using the undetermined coefficients method.

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68 views52 pages

EM II - Chapter 02-04

This document discusses the undetermined coefficients method for solving non-homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations. It introduces the method, which involves finding the complementary solution to the associated homogeneous equation and assuming a particular solution with undetermined coefficients that is then solved for by substitution into the original equation. Several examples demonstrate applying the method to equations with polynomial, exponential, sine, and cosine non-homogeneous terms. The document provides instructions on setting up and solving equations using the undetermined coefficients method.

Uploaded by

Thiv
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS II

[FEM 1023]
CHAPTER 2

HIGH ORDER LINEAR ORDINARY


DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Overview

2.1. Definition and Theorem

2.2. Homogeneous Constant Coefficient Equation

2.3. Homogeneous Cauchy-Euler Equation

2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

2.5.Variation of Parameters Method


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this section you should be able to:

Solve the non-homogeneous linear DE by using the


Undetermined Coefficients Method – Superposition
Approach
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

Recall

Given a non-homogeneous DE

The general solution is


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

Remark

Constant Coefficients

Polynomial, Exponential, Sine, Cosine or combination of


these functions.
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
The methods of undetermined coefficients is NOT
APPLICABLE to equations of the form

if

and so on.
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

Basic Idea
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Trial Particular Solutions
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

CASE 1

Rule for Case 1


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

CASE 2

Rule for Case 2


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Example 1

Solution
Step 1: Find the complementary solution
Solve the associated homogeneous equation

Change to auxiliary equation.


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

The roots of the auxiliary equation are

Case 1

The complementary solution is


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Step 2: Find the particular solution
Step 2.1: Assume particular solution

Substitute into the DE


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Step 2.2: Substitute into the DE
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Step 2.3: Compare the coefficients (like terms) and constant

Step 2.4: Particular solution


The particular solution is
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

Step 3: General solution

The general solution is


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Example 2

Solution
Step 1: Find the complementary solution
Solve the associated homogeneous equation

Change to auxiliary equation.


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

The roots of the auxiliary equation are

Case 3

The complementary solution is


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Step 2: Find the particular solution
Step 2.1: Assume particular solution

Substitute into the DE


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Step 2.2: Substitute into DE
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Step 2.3: Compare the coefficients (like terms) and constant

Step 2.4: Particular Solution


The particular solution is
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

Step 3: General solution

The general solution is


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Example 3

Solution
Step 1: Find the complementary solution
Solve the associated homogeneous equation

Change to auxiliary equation.


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

The roots of the auxiliary equation are

Case 1

The complementary solution is


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Step 2: Find the particular solution
Step 2.1: Assume particular solution
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

Substitute into the DE


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Step 2.2: Substitute into DE
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Step 2.3: Compare the coefficients (like terms) and constant

Step 2.4: Particular Solution


The particular solution is
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

Substitute into the DE


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Step 2.5: Substitute into DE
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Step 2.6: Compare the coefficients (like terms) and constant

Step 2.7: Particular solution


The particular solution is
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

Step 3: General solution

The general solution is


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Example 4

Solution
Step 1: Find the complementary solution
Solve the associated homogeneous equation

Change to auxiliary equation.


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

The roots of the auxiliary equation are

Case 1

The complementary solution is


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Step 2: Find the particular solution
Step 2.1: Assume particular solution

Substitute into the DE


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

CASE 2

Rule for Case 2


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

Lets assume

Substitute into the DE


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Step 2.2: Substitute into DE
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Step 2.3: Compare the coefficients (like terms) and constant

Step 2.4: Particular solution


The particular solution is
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

Step 3: General solution

The general solution is


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Example 5

Solution
Step 1: Find the complementary solution
Solve the associated homogeneous equation

The complementary solution is


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Step 2: Find the particular solution
Step 2.1: Assume particular solution
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Example 6

Solution
Step 1: Find the complementary solution
Solve the associated homogeneous equation

The complementary solution is


2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method
Step 2: Find the particular solution
Step 2.1: Assume particular solution
2.4. Undetermined Coefficients Method

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