Learning Area General Biology I

Learning Delivery Modality Modular Distance Modality

School Sabang National HS Grade Level Grade 11

LESSON
Teacher Cherrina D. Aguila Learning Area General Biology I
Teaching Date ______________2020 Quarter First

EXEMPLAR Teaching Time 9:40 – 10:40 A.M. No. of Days 4 days

I. OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to

1. Cite the differences between a prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell
2. Illustrate to show the differences between a plant cell and animal
Cell
3. Be aware of the function/s of each part of a eukaryotic cell that
contributes to the biological system of an organism

A. Content The learners demonstrate an understanding of …..

Standard Prokaryotic cells versus eukaryotic cells

B. Performance The learners shall be able to construct a 3D model of a plant/animal/bacterial cell

Standard using recyclable materials

C. Most Essential Learning STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-3: Distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according to
Competencies (MELC) their distinguishing features

D. Enabling Competencies

II. Content The Cell – Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic cells

III. Learning References

A. References
a. Teacher’s Guide Pages
b. Learner’s Material Pages
1. General Biology I by Maria Angelica D. Rea p. 17 – 19
c. Textbook Pages
2. Biology by Carmelita Capco, pp. 165 – 166
d. Additional Materials from
https://www.slideshare.net/twotypesofcells
Learning Resources

B. List of Learning Resources 1.Capco, C.M. (2003).Biology. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House
for Development and 2. http://www.youtube.com
Engagement Activities 3. http://www.slideshare.net

IV. PROCEDURES

A. Introduction What I need to know?

 Learners take a diagnostic test to check their prior knowledge when they were
in Grade 7
 The content of the lesson will be presented
 Learning objectives will also be introduced to guide the learners on the
learning targets founded on KSAV principles
 What’s new?
We learn that cell is the basic unit of life and upon the development of Cell
theory, it only proved that Spontaneous Generation theory should no longer be
accepted. With the efforts of all scientists/biologists to discover the different parts of a
cell, this explains that knowing the function of each part, all of them are
interconnected and interrelated with each other that constitute the whole system of an
organism.
Organisms are of different types – we have the vertebrates and invertebrates;
plants and animals. As we knew that all of them are consist of cells, cells are of
different classifications and of different types.

Question: Do you want to know the types of cells?

TASK 1: GUESS WHAT?

There are two sample cells in a laboratory – a bacterial cell and a plant cell
from a flowering plant. Which of one is a Prokaryotic cell and a Eukaryotic cell? Why
do you say so?

TASK 2: Are they similar or different?

Look at the figure below. Then answer the following questions: Write your answers
right after the figure.

1. Cite the similarities between a prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell.

2. What makes them different from each other? Identify their difference.

B. Development What I know?

TASK 4: Brainstorming. Ask the learners –
What type of cell is a sperm cell? Prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell and why.

TASK 5: Make a table of comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell after
reading information of the two types of cell.

What is it?

A single celled organism that does not have a nucleus. Bacterial cell is an example of
a prokaryotic cell.

What Organelles Are in a Prokaryotic Cell?

1. Cell Wall
While some eukaryotic cells have cell walls, such as those in plants and fungi, almost
all prokaryotic cells have them, and they are chemically distinct from those of
eukaryotes. The walls give the organism stability, protection and its overall shape. The
walls of bacteria consist of substances called peptidoglycans. Some prokaryotes have
an outer capsule outside the cell wall, resulting in three layers from outside to inside:
capsule, wall and membrane. Certain antibiotics, including penicillin drugs, target the
cell walls of bacteria.

2. Cell Membrane
The cell membrane, which is common to all living things, consists of a structure called
a phospholipid bilayer. It is so named because it includes two layers, each containing
hydrophilic, or water-soluble, phosphate "heads" that face away from the middle of the
membrane and hydrophobic "tails" that are not water soluble and face each other on
the interior of the double layer. The membrane is selectively permeable, meaning that
some substances may pass through, often with the help of protein "motors" embedded
in the membrane but at other times via simple diffusion.
3. Cytoplasm
Also called the cytosol, the cytoplasm of a cell is a gel-like substance consisting
predominantly of water. It also contains enzymes, salts, an assortment of organic
molecules and the cell's organelles. In this medium, a number of chemical reactions
can take place. If you imagine a water balloon filled with a mixture of water and
shaving cream being a cell, the rubber represents the cell wall and cell membrane and
the water and shaving cream, in which other organelles are found, represents the
cytoplasm.

4. Ribosomes
Ribosomes are organelles responsible for protein synthesis, a process that every cell
must undertake to ensure the survival of the organism, whatever its overall size, shape
and function. Each ribosome consists of a large subunit and a small subunit, both of
which include ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In protein synthesis, messenger
RNA (mRNA) moves through the ribosome like a conveyor belt, while amino acids
attached to transfer RNA (tRNA) are carried to the ribosome. The amino acids are then
attached to assemble the complete protein.

The four main structures of a prokaryotic cell are a) The plasma membrane, b)
Cytoplasm, c) ribosomes and d) genetic material (DNA and RNA).

A more complex cell with a nucleus and many organelles. Plant cells and animal cells
are examples of eukaryotic cells.

A. Plant Cell and its parts

1. Cell Wall
Found mainly in plant cells but not in animal cells. It gives a stiff and rigid shape to
the cell. It contains cellulose.

2. Cell Membrane
Holds the cell together and lets substances pass in and out of the cell.

3. Chloroplasts
Organelles found mainly in plant cells and other photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms;
it is the site for food production. By capturing light or solar energy, the chloroplast
converts it to organic compounds such as sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They
contain chlorophyll, a chemical the allows plants to store solar energy. The
chloroplast’s internal structure is composed of flattened sacs called thylakoids and
each stack is called granum (pl. grana). Stroma is the fluid outside the thylakoid where
enzymes, the chloroplast’s DNA, and ribosomes are found.

4. Chromosomes
Structures inside the cell nucleus that are made up of genes. Genes carry the code for a
cell’s traits and activities.

5. Cytoplasm
Watery gel inside of a cell. Many materials are dissolved or suspended in the
cytoplasm. Various organelles are found in the cytoplasm.

6. Mitochondria (sing. Mitochondrion)

 Organelles in which energy is released in the form of food. The energy released is in
the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). This is the reason why is commonly called
as the powerhouse of the cell where cellular respiration takes place. The organelle has
outer and inner membranes. The outer membrane is smooth while cristae (the inner
membrane) has infoldings giving large surface area for metabolic activities. The
matrix is one of the compartments of cristae containing different enzymes, DNA, and
ribosomes. These enzymes catalyze the process of cellular respiration.

7. Nucleus (pl. Nuclei)

Controls the cells activities. With the presence of nuclear membrane, this allows
substances to pass in and out of the nucleus.

8. Vacuoles
Spaces in the cytoplasm where food and chemicals are stored. A large vacuole is
usually present in plant cells for water storage.

B. Animal Cell
(Cell membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria descriptions in plant cell are also
the same. Vacuoles in animals are usually small and numerous unlike in plant cells.)

1. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – a membranous system of interconnected tubules

which served as a transport system of the cell. It is composed of two types based on
the presence or absence of attached ribosomes:
1.1. smooth ER – lacks ribosomes on its outer surface
1.2. rough ER – appears grainy in structure, thus named as rough. It is responsible in
the production of secretory proteins such as glycoproteins. It is also where membranes
are produced for the cell and its expanding membrane forms transport vesicles, which
is important in the transit of products being made by the ribosomes attached in the
rough ER

2. Lysosomes – one of the endomembrane system which contains hydrolytic enzymes.

This is an exclusive organelle for animal cells because it carries out intracellular
digestion. With these enzymes, they are used to digest all kinds of macromolecules. It
also recycles intracellular materials through autophagy, where organelles that are
damaged will be digested and the resulting monomers will be reused by the cell for
repair, maintenance, and making of necessary cellular components.

3. Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Complex/Golgi Bodies – consist of stacks or piles of

flattened sacs called cisternae, which functions in the packaging, sorting, and refining
of products that the cells are making. For example, the products of the ER will be
modified by the Golgi apparatus and then transported to other destinations in the cell.

4. Centrioles – responsible in cell division (can be tackled later).

TASK 6: Using the descriptions above, draw or make a sketch of an animal

cell. Identify and label the different parts.
C. Engagement What’s more?
TASK 7: Make a Comparison
Draw a plant and animal cell to show any similarity and differences by identifying and
labeling the parts.

What can I do?

TASK 8: Make a table with four columns. In the first column write the organelle,
second column indicate if the organelle is present in an animal cell, plant cell or both;
third column write a nickname of the organelle, and the last column cite its function or
significance to the cell and compare the organelle in a daily situation/activity and
justify such comparison.

What other enrichment activities can I engage in?

TASK 9: LET’S INVESTIGATE!
Make a little research to answer the following questions:
1. Are all prokaryotes unicellular? Can they by multicellular?
2. Aside from bacteria, what other organisms that are prokaryotes?
 3. Are there single-celled eukaryotes, if eukaryotes are multicellular
organisms? Why or why not?

What have I learned?

TASK 11: Construct a plant or animal cell in a 3D model using recyclable materials.
Label each part.
D. Assimilation
What can I do?
The learners will answer the Assessment provided in the module.

The learners in their notebook, journal or portfolio will write their personal insights
about the lesson using the prompts below.
V. REFLECTION
I understand that _________________________________________________
I realize that ______________________________________________________

Prepared and Submitted by

CHERRINA D. AGUILA
SST – III

Submitted to
FLORDELIZA C. PATIÑO
Principal I