Thai Oil Public Company (TOP)
Clean Fuel Project
High Pressure Heat Exchanger Comparison
22.08.16
Agenda
1. Introduction to High Pressure Shell and Tube Exchangers
► Types of High Pressure Shell and Tube Exchangers
2. Conventional TEMA ‘D’ Type Channel
► Details of Construction
► Advantages
► Disadvantages
3. Breech Lock Closure
► Details of Construction
► Advantages
► Disadvantages
2
Introduction
Types of High Pressure Shell and Tube Exchanger
3
Disclaimer
Breech Lock is a Trademark of
ABB Lummus Heat Transfer
Introduction
Types of High Pressure Shell and Tube Exchanger
5
Conventional TEMA ‘D’ Type Exchanger
6
Conventional TEMA ‘D’ Type Exchanger
7
Conventional TEMA ‘D’ Type Exchanger
8
Conventional TEMA ‘D’ Type Exchanger
9
Conventional TEMA ‘D’ Type Exchanger
10
Conventional TEMA ‘D’ Type Exchanger
Details of Construction
11
Conventional TEMA ‘D’ Type Exchanger
Details of Construction
12
Conventional TEMA ‘D’ Type Exchanger
Details of Construction
13
Conventional TEMA ‘D’ Type Exchanger
Details of Construction
14
Conventional TEMA ‘D’ Type Exchanger
Details of Construction
15
Conventional TEMA ‘D’ Type Exchanger
Advantages of the Conventional TEMA ‘D’ Type Channel Design
► Excellent Safety Record.
► Simpler assembly than the Breech Lock Closure.
► Less Inspection required between Dis-assembly and Assembly.
► A more robust design than the Breech Lock Closure which is more suited to
Thermal Cycling.
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Conventional TEMA ‘D’ Type Exchanger
Disadvantages of the Conventional TEMA ‘D’ Type Channel Design
► Bolt Tensioning of Large Diameter Bolts and Elongation Measurements to confirm
Stress in Bolts can be time consuming.
► Lip Seal Weld has to be cut to remove Diaphragm Plate every time the Exchanger
is opened. (Lip Seals can be reused if cutting is performed carefully)
► Exchanger is heavier than the Breech Lock Type.
► Handling of large Channel Cover Bolts is difficult. (Normally in the range of 4” to
6”)
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Breech Lock Type Exchanger
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Breech Lock Type Exchanger
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Breech Lock Type Exchanger
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Breech Lock Type Exchanger
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Breech Lock Exchanger
Details of Construction
22
Breech Lock Exchanger
Details of Construction
23
Breech Lock Exchanger
Details of Construction
24
Breech Lock Exchanger
Details of Construction
25
Breech Lock Exchanger
Details of Construction
26
Breech Lock Exchanger
Details of Construction
27
Breech Lock Exchanger
Advantages of the Breech-Lock Design
► The overall Exchanger is lighter (thinner Channel) and easier to handle.
► The Internal Tubesheet-to-Shell Gasket can be tightened from the outside during
operation.
► No cutting of welded parts (ie. Channel Diaphragm Weld) is required to open the
Channel for Maintenance.
► There is no need for Hydraulic Bolt Tensioning Devices to remove the Channel
Cover and Re-assemble the Exchanger, thus eliminating the number of tightening
cycles and strain gauge / elongation measurements.
► The Hydrostatic Pressure Load is taken by the Channel Body and not by Heavy
Bolting. The Bolts are only sized for Gasket compression loading.
► All Channel Parts can be removed without cutting.
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Breech Lock Exchanger
Disadvantages of the Breech-Lock Design
► A special Installation and Dismantling Jig is required.
► Early Designs did not have a good safety record.
► Fabrication tolerances are critical to the safety of the Breech Lock Closure.
► Thorough dimensional inspection and replacement of out of tolerance parts must
take place after every disassembly.
► Any deformation of the internal Bolts should be avoided at all times.
► Overstressing of internal Push Bolts must be avoided at all times.
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