4. A.1: What are the assumptions made in Slope-Deflection Method?

Assumptions made in slope-deflection method are

(i) Between each pair of the supports the beam section is constant
(ii) The joints in a structure may rotate or deflect as a whole, but the
angles between the members meeting at that joint remain the same.

4. A.2: How many slope-deflection equations are available for a two span
continuous beam?

There will be 4 Nos. of slope-deflection equations, two for each span.

4. A.3: What is the moment at a hinged end of a simple beam?

Moment at the hinged ends of a simple beam=zero.

4. A.4: How do you account for sway in slope-deflection method for portal
frames?

Because of sway, there will be rotations in the vertical members of a frame.

This causes moments in the vertical members. To account for this, besides the
equilibrium, one more equation namely shear equation connecting the joint-
moments is used.

4. A.5: Write down the equation for sway correction for the portal frame shown
below.
The shear equation (sway correction equation) is

𝑀𝐴𝐵 +𝑀𝐵𝐴 𝑀𝐶𝐷 +𝑀𝐷𝐶

+ =0
𝑙 𝑙1

4. A.6: For the portal frame shown in the figure,write down the horizontal shear
equation

The shear equation is

𝑀𝐴𝐵 +𝑀𝐵𝐴 𝑀𝐶𝐷 +𝑀𝐷𝐶

+ +P=0
𝑙 𝑙

4. A.7: Write down the Slope-Deflection equation for a fixed end support.

Assuming a beam as below:

The slope-deflection equation for end A is

2𝐸𝐼 3∆
MAB= MFAB+ 2θA + θB +
𝑙 𝑙

2𝐸𝐼 3∆
= MFAB+ θB + (since θA =0)
𝑙 𝑙

2𝐸𝐼
If there is no support settlement, Δ=0 and MAB= MFAB+ (θB)
𝑙

4. A.8: Write down the general slope-deflection equation and state what each
term represents.

General slope-deflection equations:

2𝐸𝐼 3∆
MAB=MFAB+ 2θA + θB +
𝑙 𝑙

2𝐸𝐼 3∆
MBA=MFBA+ 2θB + θA +
𝑙 𝑙

MFAB, MFBA - Fixed end moments at A and B respectively due to the given
loading
θA, θB - Slopes at A and B respectively

Δ - Sinking of support A with respect to B

4. A.9: Mention any three reasons due to which sway may occur in portal
frames.

Sway in portal frames may occur due to

(i) Unsymmetry in geometry of the frame

(ii) Unsymmetry in loading or
(iii) Settlement of one end of a frame

4. A.10: In a continuous beam, one of the support sinks. What will happen to the
span and support moments associated with the sinking support?

Referring to the fig. support D sink by Δ. This will not affect span moments.
Fixed end moments (support moments) will get developed as under

𝛥
MFCD=MFDC= -6EI
𝑙 12

𝛥
MFDE=MFED= 6EI
𝑙 12
 SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD

Introduction

This method is ideally suited to the analysis of continuous beams and

rigid jointed frames. Using this method basic unknowns like steps and
deflections of joints are found out

Assumptions

1. All joints are rigid

2. Distortions due to axial deformations are neglected

3. Shear deformations are neglected

Applications of slope deflection method

1. Continuous Beams

2. Frames with out side sway

3. Frames with side sway

Step Procedure:

1. Consider each span of the continuous beam is taken as fixed beam find
the fixed end moments.

Clockwise are (+) Positive

Anti clockwise (-) Negative

2. Using slope deflection equations write down all the end moments.

3. Write down the joint equilibrium equations.

4. Solve the joint equilibrium equation to get the unknown rotations and
deflections.

5. Substituting the values of unknowns is slope deflection equations

determine the end moments.
 6. Draw the shear force and BMD Diagrams

BOTH ENDS FIXED

S.No CASES
MFAB MFBA

1 wl wl
- +
8 8

2 2
2 wl wl
- +
12 12

2 2
3 wab wab
- 2 + 2
l l

4 - +
2
wa wa
2
(6l 2  8al  3a 2 ) 2
(4l 2  3a )
12l 12l

2 2
5 wl wl
- +
30 20

6 m m
+ +
4 4

7 Mb Ma
(3a  l ) (3b  l )
l2 l2
Slope Deflection Equations:

2 EI  3 
MAB = MFAB +  2 A   B    (1)
l  l 

2 EI  3 
MBA = MFAB +  2 B   A    (2)
l  l 

5 5
- WL2 WL2
96 96

4. B.1: Using slope deflection method, Draw BMD of the continuous beam
shown in Fig. EI Constant (Anna May – 2012)

 wl 2  wl 2
20 30

(a) Fixed End Moments:

Span AB:

MFAB = -24 KNm

MFBA = +24 KNm

Span BC:

MFBC = -17.28 KNm

MFCB = 25.92 KNm

Span CD:

MFCD = -25 KNm

MFDC = +25 KNm

(b) Slope Deflection Equation:

2 EI  3 
MAB = MFAB +  2 A2 B  A = 0,  = 0
l  l 

= -24 + 0.33 EIB  (1)

2 EI  3 
MBA = MFBA +  2 B2 A 
l  l 

= 24+0.66 EI B  (2)

2 EI  3 
MBC = MFBC +  2 B2 A 
l  l 

= -17.28 + 0.8 EIB+0.4EIC  (3)

2 EI  3 
MCB = MFCB +  2 C2 B 
l  l 

= 25.92 + 0.8 EIC 0.4EIB  (4)

2EI  3 
MCD = MFCD +
l 2 C D l 

= - 25 + 0.8 EIC  (5)

2EI  3 
MDC = MFDC +
l 2 D C l 

= 25 + 0.4 EIC  (6)

(c) Equilibrium Equations:

MBA + MBC = 0

MCB + MCD = 0

24 + 0.66 EIB + (-17.28) + 0.8EIB + 0.4EIC

1.46EIB + 0.4EIC + 6.72  (7)

25.92 + 0.8EIC + 0.4B – 25 + 0.8EIC

0.4EIB + 1.6EIC + 0.92  (8)

Solving the Equation (7) & (8)

EIB = -4.77

EIC= +0.61

(d) Final Moments:

MAB = -25.4 KNm

MBA = 20.84 KNm

MBC = -20.81 KNm

MCB = 24.53 KNm

MCD = -24.53 KNm

MDC = 25.74 KNm

4. B.2: Analyze the continuous beam shown in fig plot BMD use slope
deflection method (Anna Dec – 2009).

(a) Fixed End Moments:

Span AB

MFAB = -21.6 KNm

MFBA = 14.4 KNm

Span BC

MFBC = -53.3 KNm

MFCB = +53.3 KNm

Span CD

MFCB = -2.5 KNm

MFDC = +1.66 KNm

(b) Slope Deflection Equations:

2 EI  3 
MAB = MFAB +  2 A2 B 
l  l 

= -21.6 + 0.4EI B  (1)

2 EI  3 
MBA = MFAB +  2 B A 
l  l 

= 14.4 + 0.8 EI B  (2)

 2 EI  3 
MBC = MFBC +  2 B C 
l  l 

= -53.3 + 1 EI B + 0.5 CEI  (3)

2 EI  3 
MCB = MFCB +  2 C B 
l  l 

= -53.3 + 1 EIC + 0.5 EIB  (4)

2 EI  3 
MCD = MFCD +  2 C D  
l  l 

= -2.5 + 0.8 EIC  (5)

2 EI  3 
MDC = MFDC +  2 D C  
l  l 

= 1.66 + 0.4 EIC  (6)

(c) Equilibrium Equations:

MBA + MBC = 0

MCB + MCD = 0

14.4 + 0.8 EIB + (-53.3) EIB + 0.5EIC

1.8 EI B + 0.5 EI C – 38.9  (7)

53.3 + EI C + 0.5 EIB – 2.5 + 0.8 EI C

0.5 EI B + 1.8 EI C + 50.8  (8)

Solve the Equations (7) & (8)

EI B = + 31.9

EI C = - 37.0
(d) Final Moments:

MAB = -08.86 KNm

MBA = +39.92 KNm

MBC = -39.92 KNm

MCB = 32.25 KNm

MCD = 37.1 KNm

MDC = -13.146 KNm

4. B.3: Analyze the Beam Shown in Fig by the slope deflection method.
Draw shear force and BMI Diagrams (Anna May 2008) EI Constant

(a) Fixed End Moments:

Span

MFAB = -75 KNm

MFBA = 150 KNm

(b) Slope Deflections Equation:

2 EI  3 
MAB = MFAB +  2 A   B  
l  l 

= -75 + 0.44 EI B  (1)

2 EI  3 
MBA = MFBA +  2 B   A  
l  l 

MBA = 150 + 0.88 EI B  (2)

(c) Equilibrium Equations:

MBA + MBC = 0

150 + 0.88 EIB + (-75) = 0

0.88 EIB +75 = 0

0.88 EIB = -75

EIB = -75

_____

0.88

EIB = - 85.22

(d) Final Moments:

MAB = -112.49 KNm

MBA = 75 KNm
4. B.4: A Continuous Beam ABCD fixed at and D continuous over supports
B and C. The span AB = 5m carries a central concentrated load of 10KN.
The span BC 4m carries a uniformly distributed load of 4KN/m over the
entire span of BC. The span CD =6m carries a non central concentrated
load of 8 KN acting at the distance of 2m from the end D. Analyze the
Beam and Draw the BM diagram using slope deflection method. (Anna
May 2012)

(a) Fixed End Moments:

Span AB

MFAB = -6.25 KNm

MFBA = +6.25 KNm

Span BC

MFBC = -5.33 KNm

MFCB = +5.33 KNm

Span CD

MFCB = -3.55 KNm

MFDC = +7.11 KNm

(b) Slope Deflection Equations:-

2 EI  3 
MAB = MFAB +  2 A   B  
l  l 

= - 6.25 + 0.4 EI B  (1)

2 EI  3 
MBA = MFBA + 2   
l  l 
B A

= + 6.25 + 0.8 EI B  (2)

2 EI  3 
MBC = MFBC +  2 B   C  
l  l 

= - 5.33 + 1EIB + 0.5EIC  (3)

2 EI  3 
MCB = MFCB +  2 C   B  
l  l 

= + 5.33 + 1EIC + 0.5EIB  (4)

2EI  3 
MCD = MFCD +  2 C   D  
l  l 

= - 3.55 + 0.66 EIC  (5)

MDC = 7.11 +
2 EI
2 D   C  0
6

= 7.11 + 0.33 EIC  (6)

(c) Equilibrium Equations:

MBA + MBC = 0; MCB + MCD = 0

+ 6.25 + 0.88EIB + (-5.33) + 1EIB + 0.5 EI C

1.88 EIB + 0.5 EIC + 0.92 =0  (7)

+ 5.33 + 1 EIC + 0.5 EIB + 3.55 + 0.66 EIC

0.5 EIB + 1.66 EIC +1 .78 = 0  (8)

Solve the Equations (7) and (8)

EI B = - 0.22

EI C = - 1.00

(d) Final Moments:

MAB = -6.166 KNm

MBA = -6.02 KNm

MBC = -6.02KNm

MCB = +4.22 KNm

MCD = -4.21 KNm

MDC = 6.78 KNm

4. B.5 Analyze the continuous Beam shown in fig by slope deflection

method. Draw Bending Moment Diagrams EI Constant (Anna Dec 2010)

(a) Fixed End Moments:

Span AB

MFAB = -20.83 KNm

MFBA = +20.83 KNm

Span BC
 MFBC = -7.5 KNm

MFCB = +7.5 KNm

Span CD

MFCB = -30 KNm

MFDC = +30 KNm

(b) Slope Deflection Equations:

2 EI  3 
MAB = MFAB +  2 A   B  
l  l 

= - 6.25 + 0.4 EI B  (1)

2 EI  3 
MBA = MFBA +  2 B   A  
l  l 

= + 20.83 + 0.8 EI B  (2)

2 EI  3 
MBC = MFBC +  2 B   C  
l  l 

= -7.5 + 0.66 EIC + 1.33EIB  (3)

2 EI  3 
MCB = MFCB +  2 C   B  
l  l 

= + 7.5 + 1.33 EIC + 0.66EIB  (4)

2EI  3 
MCD = MFCD +  2 C   D  
l  l 

= - 30 + 0.66 EIC + 0.33 EID  (5)

2 EI  3 
MDC = MFDC +
l 2 D  C  l 

= + 30 + 0.66EID + 0.33EIC  (6)

(c) Equilibrium Equations:

MBA + MBC = 0

MCB + MCD = 0

MDC + MDE = 0

+ 20.83 + 0.88EIB + (-7.5) + 0.66 EIC + 1.33EI B = 0

2.13 EIB + 0.66 EIC +13.33 = 0  (7)

7.5 + 1.33EIC + 0.66 EIB – 30 + 0.66 EIC + 0.33 EID

0.66 EIB + 2EIC + 0.33 EID – 22.5 = 0  (8)

+ 30 + 0.66 EID + 0.33 EIC + (-10) = 0

0.66 EID + 0.33EIC + 20 = 0  (9)

2.13 EIB + 0.66 EIC + 0 EID + 13.33 = 0  (7)

0.66 EIB + 2 EIC + 0.33 EID – 22.5 = 0  (8)

0 EIB + 0.33 EIC + 0.66 EID + 20 = 0  (9)

Solve the above equations.

EI B = - 13.21

EI C = 22.46

EI D = - 41.53

(d) Final Moments:

MAB = -26.11 KNm

MBA = +10.26 KNm

MBC = -10.26 KNm

MCB = +28.66 KNm

 MCD = -28.88 KNm

MDC = 10.01 KNm

4. B.6: Analyze the frame shown in Fig by slope deflection method draw
bending moment diagram (Anna Nov 2007) (Model Example)

(a) Fixed End Moments:

MFAB = MFBA = 0

MFBD = 20 x 1 KNm

 12  4
MFBC = = -16 KNm
12

 12  4
MFCB = = +16 KNm
12
(b) Slope Deflection Equations:

2EI  3 
MAB = MFAB +  2 A   B  
l  l 

2 EI
= EI B
l

MBA = 0+
2 EI
 A  2 B  0
3

4
= EI B A  0
3

2 E 2 I 
MBC = -16 + 2 B  C 
4

=  16  2EI B C  0

2 E 2 I 
MCB = 16 +  B  2C 
4

= 16  EI B C  0

(c) Equilibrium Equations

MBA + MBC + MBD = 0

4
EIB + (-16 + 2EIB) + 20 = 0
3

3.33 EIB + 4 = 0

3.33 EIB = -4

EIB = -4

____

3.33

EIB = -1.20
(d) Final Moments

MAB = - 0.8 KNm

MBA = - 1.6 KNm

MBC = - 18.4 KNm

MCB = 14.8 KNm

4. B.7: A beam ABC supported on a column BD is loaded as shown in fig.

Analyze the frame by slope deflection method. Draw the BMD (Anna Dec
2007)

(a) Fixed End Moments:

3  42
MFAB = -  4tm
12

3  42
MFBA = +  4tm
12

MFBD = MFDB = 0; MBC = - 3 x 2 = - 6 tm

(b) Slope Deflection Equations:-

2 EI  3 
MAB = MFAB +  2 A2 B 
l  l 

= -4 + 1.5EI B  (1)

2 EI  3 
MBA = MFAB + 2  
l  l 
B A

= +4 + 3 EI B  (2)

2EI  3 
MBD = MFBD +
l 2 B D l 

= 1 EI B  (3)

2EI  3 
MDB = MFDB +
l 2 D B l 

= 0.5 EI B  (4)

(c) Equilibrium Equations:

MBA + MBD + MBC =0

4 + 3EIB + EI B + (-6) = 0

4EIB – 2 =0

EIB = 0.5

(d) Final Moments

MAB = - 3.25 KNm

MBA = 5.5 KNm

MDB = 0.25 KNm

MBD = 0.5 KNm

4. B.8: Analyze the portal frame shown in fig by slope deflection method.
Draw BMD (Anna Dec 2009)

(a) Fixed End Moments:

Span AB
MFAB = MFBA = 0; MFCD = MFDC = 0

wl 2 10  62
MFBC =-   30 KNm
12 12

wl 2  10  62
MFCB =+   30 KNm
12 12

(b) Slope Deflection Equations:

2 EI  3 
MAB = MFAB +  2 A2 B 
l  l 

2
MAB = EIB  (1)
3

4EI
MBA = B  (2)
3
 MBC = -30 +
2 EI
2 B C0
6

= -30 + 0.66 EI B + 0.33 EIC  (3)

MCB = +30 +
2 EI
2 C B0
6

= + 30 + 0.66 EIC + 0.33 EIB  (4)

MCD =
2 EI
2 C0  0
l

= 1.33 EIC  (5)

MDC =
2 EI
0  C 
l

= 0.66 EIC  (6)

(c) Equilibrium Equations:

MBA + MBC = 0

MCB + MCD = 0

4
EIB + (-30) + 0.66EIB + 0.33EIC = 0
3

2EIB + 0.33EIC – 30 = 0  (7)

+ 30 + 0.66 EIC + 0.3EIB + 1.33 EIC = 0

0.33EIB + 2 EIC + 30 = 0  (8)

Solve the equation (7) & (8)

EIB = 17.9

EIC = 17.9
Final Moments:

MAB = 12 KNm; MBA = 24 KNm ; MBC = 24 KNm

MCB = 24 KNm; MCD = -24 KNm ; MDC = -12 KNm

4. B.9: Analyze the continuous beam loaded as show in fig by the sloe
deflection method. Support B Sinks by 10mm. Take E=2x10 5 n/mm2, I =
16 x 107mm4. Sketch the bending moment and shear force diagrams.

(a) Fixed End Moments:

Span AB

MFAB = -60 KNm

MFBA = +60 KNm

Span BC

MFBC = 15 KNm

MFCB = 15 KNm

Span CD

MFCB = -37.5 KNm

MFDC = 37.5 KNm

(b) Slope Deflection Equations:

3 
Span AB: MAB = MFAB + 2EK 2 A2 B
 l 

A = 0 Since A is fixed;  = 10mm (-ve)  K  

I
 l

Since the right support settles down

3 10
= - 60 + 2EK (0 + B - )
6000

EI 1
MAB = - 60 + (0+B - )  (1)
3 200

3
MBA = MFBA + 2EK (2B+A + )
l

EI 3 10
MBA = 60 + (2B - )  (2)
3 6000

3 
Span BC: MBC = MFBC + 2EK 2 B  B
 l 

2EI 1
MBC = - 15 + (2B + C + )  (3)
3 100

2EI 1
MCB = 15 + (2C + D + )  (4)
3 100

3 
Span CD: MCD = MFCD + 2EK 2C  D
 l 

D = 0, Therefore, D is fixed.

EI
MCD = - 37.5 + (2C)  (5)
3

EI C
MDC = 37.5 +  (6)
3
(c) Joint Equilibrium Equations:

Joint B: MBA + MBC = 0

EI 1 2EI 1
From (2) and (3), 60 + (2B - ) + (-15) + (2B + C + )=0
3 200 3 100

EI 1 2
45 + (2B - + 4B + 2C )=0
3 200 100

EI 3
45 + (6B + 2C + )=0
3 200

EI 3
(6B + 2C + ) = -45 x 3 – 135
3 200

Joint C: MCB + MCD = 0

From (4) and (5),

2EI 1 2EI
15 + (2C + B + ) – 37.5 + C = 0
3 100 3

2EI 1
15 + (2C + B + + C) – 37.5 = 0
3 100

1
EI (SC + B + ) = 33.75
100

1
EI (B+3C + ) = 33.75  (8)
100

6
(8) x (6) EI (6B + 18C + ) = 202.5  (9)
100

3
EI (6B + 2C + ) = -135  (7)
200

9
(9) – (7) EI (16C + ) = 337.5  (10)
200

EI = 2 x 105 x 16 x 107 = 32 x 1012 Nmm2

 EI = 32 x 106 Nm2

9
32 x 106 (16C + ) = 337.5 x 103
200

337.5 are in KNm.

1
C = -
464

2(1) 3
EI (6B +  ) = -135
464 200

1
B = -
402

(d) Final Moments :

EI 1 1
From (1), MAB = - 60 + (- - )
3 402 200

MAB = -139.843 KNm

EI (1) 1
From (2), MBA = 60 + (2 - )
3 402 200

MBA = -46.354 KNm

2  32  106 (1) 1 1
From (3), MBC = - 15 + (2 -  )
3 402 464 100

MBC = 46.3 KNm

2  32  106 (1) 1 1
From (4), MCB = 15 + (2 -  )
3 464 402 100

MCB = 83.35KNm

EI (1)
From (5), MCD = - 37.5 + (2 )
3 464

MCD = - 83.477 KNm

 EI (1)
From (6), MDC = 37.5 +
3 464

MDC = 14.511 KNm

4. B.10: Analyze the frame shown in Fig. by the slope deflection method
and draw the bending moment diagram.

(a) Fixed End Moments:

MFAB = -3 KNm

MFBA = +3 KNm

MFBC = -3 KNm

MFCB = +3 KNm

MFCD = +3 KNm
 MFCD = MFDC = 0
(Therefore No Lateral loading on CD)

2. Slope Deflection Equations:

The frame and loading are unsymmetrical. Therefore the tops of column
AB and DC will sway by, say to the right.

2EI  3 
MAB = MFAB +  2 A  B 
l  l 

=-3+
4 EI
 B
l

2EI 3
MBA = MFBA + (2B + A + )
3 l

2EI
=3+ (2B -)
3

2EI 3
MBC = MFBC + (2B + C + )
3 l

= -3 +EI (2B - C)

2EI 3
MCB = MFCB + (2C + B + )
3 l

= 3 +EI (2C - B)

2EI 3
MCD = MFCD + (2C + D + )
3 l

3
= 1.5EI (2C - )
2

2 EI 3
MDC = MFDC + (2D + C + )
L l

3
= 1.5 EI (C - )
2
3. Equilibrium and Shear Equations:

There are 3 unenons i.e. B, C and 

MBA + MBC = 0  (0)

4EI
3+ (2b -) – 3 + EI (2B + C) = 0
3

14 B EI 4 EI
   C EI  0 )
3 3

14B - 4 + 3 C = 0  (4)

MCB + MCD = 0  (2)

3
3 + EI (2C + B) + 1.5 EI (2C - )=0
2

EIB + 5EIC – 2.25EI = -3

3
B + 5C – 2.253 = -  (5)
EI

M AB  M BA  ph M CD  M DC
  p0  (3)
l l

3
4EI
 B    3 4EI 2 B    12
3 3 
3

 3   3 
1.5EI  2 C    1.5EI  C  
 2   2 
8  0
2

4 EI B  1.33EI   1.33EI   12


3

4.5EI C  4.5EI 
8  0
2

8EI B  5.32 EI   24  13.5EI C  13.5EI   18

0
6

EI [8B + 13.5C – 18.82] + 24 = 0

 24
8B + 13.5C – 18.82 = -  (6)
EI

(5) x 8  8B + 40C - 18 = - 24/EI (-)

(6) x 1  8B + 13.5C – 18.82 = -24/EI

- - + +
___________________________________
26.5C + 0.82 = 0  (7)

(4) x 1  14B + 3C - 48 = 0 (-)

(5) x 14  14B + 70C – 31.5 = -42/EI

- - + +
_________________________
-67C + 27.5 = 42/EI  (8)

(7) x 2.53  67C – 2.07 = 0

(8) x 1  -67C + 275 = 42/EI

_________________________

29.57 = 42/EI

1.42
=
EI

(7)  26.5C = - 0.82

0.82 1.42
C = 
26.5 EI

0.044
C = -
EI

24  0.044 
(6)  8B = -  13.5      18.82
EI  EI 
 1.42
EI

0.4148
B =
EI

4. Final Moments:

4EI
MAB = - 3 + (B -)
3

= -4.34 KNm

4EI
MBA = 3 + (2B -)
3

= 2.21 KNm

MBC = -3 + EI (2B + C)

= -2.21 KNm

MCB = 3 + EI (2C + B)

= 3.33 KNm

3
MCD = 1.5EI (2C - )
2

= -3.33 KNm

3
MDC = 1.5EI (C - )
2

= -3.26 KNm
 MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD

5. A.1: Define Sway? (Anna Dec 2010)

Sway is the lateral movement of joints in a portal frame due to the

unsymmetry in dimensions loads, moment of Inertia, end conditions etc.

5. A.2: Define Carry over Factor? (Anna Dec. 2009)

Carry over factor is the ratio of moment induced at the far end and the
moment applied at the near end.
M/2 1
Carry over factor C.O.F = 
M 2

If the far end if simply supported, there is no carry over moment. Hence
the carry over factor is zero.

5. A.3: Define Distribution Factor? (Anna Dec. 2010)

A moment which tends to rotate without translation to which several

members are connected will be divided amongst the connected members in
proportion to their stiffness.

i. The rotation of each member at A is obviously .

ii. The Moments MAB, MAC, MAD will in the ratio K1 : K2 : K3

Hence

MAB =  K1  K .M
 

MAC =  K 2  K .M
 

MAD =  K 3  K .M
 

The factors K / K are called distribution factors.

5. A.4: Define Stiffness? (Anna May 2009)

Stiffness is generally taken as the force required toproduce a unit

displacement (in a member or structure). It is also the moment required to
produce unit rotation at a specified point in a beam / structure.
4EI
K = (For end is fixed) 3.1 (a)
l

3EI
K = (For end is Hinged) 3.1 (b)
l

5. B.1: Analyse the continuous Beam shown in fig by moment distribution

method draw BMD (Anna Nov. 2007).

(a) Fixed End Moments:

MFAB = -6 KNm ; MFBA = +6 KNm

MFBC = -2.4 KNm ; MFCB = +3.6 KNm

MFCD = -5 KNm ; MFDC = +5 KNm

(b) Distribution Factors:

Relative Sum of Distribution

Joint Member
Stiffness Stiffness Factor
0.167I
BA I/6 = 0.29
0.567I
0.167 I + 0.41
B
= 0.567 I 0.4 I
BC 2I/5 = 0.70
0.567 I

0.4I
CB 2I/5 = 0.67
0.6I
0.4 I + 0.2 I =
C
0.6 I 0.2I
CD I/5 = 0.33
0.6I

FEM -6 +6 -2.4 +3.6 -5 +5

Distri -1.04 -2.55 +0.93 +0.46

C.O. -0.52 +0.465 -1.27 +0.23

I Cycle -6.52 +4.96 +4.485 +3.26 -4.54 +5.23

Distri -0.137 -0.33 +0.85 +0.422

7

C.O. -0.068 +0.428 0.165 +0.21

II Cycle -6.58 +4.82 -4.38 +3.95 -4.11 +5.44

Distri -0.127 -0.31 +0.10 +0.052

7

C.O. -0.06 +0.053 -0.155 +0.026

III Cycle -6.64 +4.68 -4.63 +3.90 -4.05 +5.46

Disri -0.017 -0.042 +0.10 +0.049

0

Final -6.64 +4.673 -4.672 +4.0 -4.0 +5.46

5. B.2: Using Moment distribution method draw BMD of the Continuous

Beam Shown in Fig E.I. constant (Anna May 2012)

(a) Fixed End Moments:

MFAB = - Wl = -45 KNm

8

MFBA = + Wl = +45 KNm

8
2
MFBC = - Wl = -36 KNm
12

Wl 2
MFCB = + = +36 KNm
12

Wab 2
MFCD = - = - 71.11 KNm
l2

Wba 2
MFDC = = +35.55 KNm
l2
(b) Distribution Factors:

Relative Sum of Distribution

Joint Member
Stiffness Stiffness Factor
0.167I
BA I/6 = 0.5
0.334I
0.167I+0.167I
B
= 0.334 I 0.167I
BC I/6 = 0.5
0.334I

0.167I
CB I/6 = 0.5
0.334I
0.167I+0.167I
C
= 0.334 I 0.167I
CD I/6 = 0.5
0.334I

FEM -45 +45 -36 +36 -71.11 +35.55

Release +45 -35.55

C.O. +22.5 -16.775

Corrected 0 +167.5 -36 +36 -87.885 0

FEM

Distri -15.75 -15.75 +25.94 +25.94

C.O. +12.97 -7.87

I Cycle 0 +51.75 -38.78 +54.07 -61.94 0

Distri -6.48 -6.48 +3.93 +3.93

C.O. +1.97 -3.24

II Cycle 0 +45.27 -43.29 +54.76 -58.01 0

Disri -0.99 -0.99 +1.625 +1.625

C.O. +0.812 -0.495

III Cycle 0 +44.28 -43.46 +55.89 -56.38 0

Distri -0.41 -0.41 +0.24 +0.24

C.O. +0.12 -0.205

IV Cycle 0 +43.87 -43.75 +55.92 -56.62 0

Distri -0.06 -0.06 +0.35 +0.35

C.O. 0 +43.81 -43.69 +56.27 56.27 0

5. B.3: Analyse the Continuous Beam Shown in fig by moment distribution
method Draw BMD (Anna Dec. 2010)

(a) Fixed End Moments:

2
MFAB = - Wl = -20.83KNm
12

2
MFBA = + Wl = +20.83KNm
12

2
MFBC = - Wl = -7.5KNm
12

Wl 2
MFCB = + = +7.5KNm
12

Wl
MFCD = - = - 30KNm
8

MFDC = + Wl = + 30KNm
8

(b) Distribution Factors:

Relative Sum of Distribution

Joint Member
Stiffness Stiffness Factor
0.2I
BA I/5 = 0.38
0.53I
0.2I+0.33I =
B
0.53 I 0.33I
BC I/3 = 0.62
0.53I

0.33I
CB I/3 = 0.67
0.496I
0.33I+0.166I
C
= 0.496 I 0.166I
CD I/6 = 0.33
0.496I
FEM -20.83 +20.83 -7.5 +7.5 -30 +30 -20

Balance -10

C.O. -5

-20.83 +20.83 -7.5 +7.5 -35 +20 -20

Distri -5.06 -8.26 +18.12 +9.07

-2.53 +9.21 -4.13

I Cycle -23.36 +15.77 -6.55 +21.8 -25.93 +20 -20

Distri -3.50 -5.71 +2.76 +1.36

C.O. -1.75 +1.38 -2.55

II Cycle -25.11 +12.27 -10.88 +21.71 +24.57 +20 -20

Distri -0.52 -0.86 +1.91 +0.94

C.O. -0.26 +0.95 -0.43

-25.37 +11.75 -10.79 +23.19 -23.63 +20 -20

Distri -0.36 -0.59 +0.29 +0.14

C.O. -0.182 +0.145 -0.29

-25.55 +11.39 10.34 +23.19 23.49 +20 -20

5. B.4: Analyse the Continues beam shown in fig Plot BMD use moment
distribution method (Anna Dec. 2009)

(a) Fixed End Moments:

  2
wa 2 b 22 
MFAB = -  wa12b1  
 l l 2 

= - [35.55 + 13.33]

= - 48.88 KNm

 wa12 b1 wa 22 b 2 
MFBA = +  2  
 l l 2 

= [17.77 + 26.66]

= 44.43 KNm

MFBC = - 64 KNm ; MFCB = +64 KNm

(b) Distribution Factor:

Relative Sum of Distribution

Joint Member
Stiffness Stiffness Factor
2I 0.33I
BA = 0.47
6 0.705I
0.33 I+0.375
B
3I I = 0.705 I 0.375I
BC = 0.53
8 0.705I
FEM -48.88 +44.43 -64 +64

Release +48.88

C.O. +24.44

Corrected 0 +68.87 -64 +64

moment

Distri -2.28 +2.58

C.O. -1.29

0 +66.59 -66.58 +62.71

5. B.5: Analyse the frame shown in fig by moment distribution method.

(a) Fixed End Moments:

10x 2x9
MFAB = = -7.2KNm MFBD = 0
25

10x 4x3
MFBA = 25
= +4.8KNm MFDB = 0

 2 x 32
MFBC = = -1.5 KNm
12

MFCB = +1.5 KNm

(b) Distribution Factors:

Relative Sum of Distribution

Joint Member
Stiffness Stiffness Factor

BA 2I / 5 0.4 I / 0.8 I = 0.5

0.2 I / 0.8 I =
BC I/5 0.4 I+0.2 I +
B 0.25
0.2I = 0.8 I
0.2 I / 0.8 I =
BD I/5
0.25

AB BC BD

DF 0.5 0.25 0.25

FEM -7.2 +4.8 -1.5 +1.5 0 0

Release -1.5

C.O. -0.75

-7.2 +4.8 -2.25 0 0 0

Distri -1.275 -0.637 -0.637

C.O. -0.637 -0.318

-7.83 +3.52 -2.88 0 -0.637 -0.318

5. B.6: Analyse the portal frame loaded as show in Fig by the moment
distribution method and sketch the BMD and SFD.

(a)Fixed and Moments:

Span AB : MFAB = MFBA= 0

: MFBC = - MFCB

Span CD : MFCD = MFDC = 0

(b) Distribution factors:

 Relative Sum of Distribution
Joint Member
Stiffness Stiffness Factor

2I I I/2 3
BA  
4 2 5I / 6 5
I I 5I
B  
2 3 6
I I/3 2
BC 
3 5I / 6 5

I I/3
CB 1
3 2I / 6 2
I I 2I
C  
3 3 3
I I/3
CD 1
3 2I / 6 2

(c) Moment Distribution (Non Sway):

Joints A B C D

Members AB BA BC CB CD DC

Distribution - 3/5 2/5 ½ ½ -

Factors

Fixed End 22.5 -37.5 +37.5

Moments

Balancing 15.0 -18.75 -18.75

Carry Over 11.25 -9.38 7.5 -9.38

Balancing 5.63 3.75 -3.75 -3.75

Carry Over 2.82 -1.88 1.88 -188

Balancing 1.13 0.75 -3.94 -0.94

Carry Over 0.57 -0.47 0.38 -0.47

Balancing 0.28 +0.19 -0.19 -0.19

Carry Over 0.14 -0.10 0.10 -0.10

Balancing 0.06 0.04 -0.05 -0.05

Span AB:

Moment to be balanced = 14.78 + 29.60 = 44.3 KN

44.38 44.38
Horizontal reaction at A =  = 11.10 KN
L 4

Span CD:
 Moment to be balanced = -23.68 –11.83= -35.51 KN

35.51
Horizontal reaction at D = 3 = 11.84 KN (-)

Value of force ‘P’ preventing sway = 11.1  11.84 = 0.74 KN ()

(d) Side sway. Now, let a sway force of 0.74 KN () be applied at C.
This will include clockwise moments at A and D.
M BA I1 / L21 2I / 4 2 2
   x9
M CD I 2 / L22 I / 32 16

M BA 9

M CD 8

Assume MBA = +9 KNm ; MAB = MBA = 9 KNm

MCD = 8 x (MBA/9) = +8 KNm

MDC = MCD = 8 KNm

There are the arbitrary f.e.m.s. for sway analysis.

(e) Sway Moment Distribution :

Joints A B C D

Members AB BA BC CB CD DC

Distribution - 3/5 2/5 ½ ½ -

Factors

Fixed End +9.10 +9.10 - - +8.0 +8.0

Moments

Balancing -5.4 -3.6 -4.0 -4.0

Carry Over -2.7 -2.0 -1.8 -2.0

Balancing 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.9

Carry Over 0.6 0.45 0.4 0.48

Balancing -0.27 -0.18 -0.2 -0.2

Carry Over -0.14 -0.1 -0.09 -0.4

Balancing 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.05

Final 6.76 4.59 -4.59 -4.74 4.75 6.35

Moments

Sway forces corresponding to the above moments.

Span AB:

Taking moments about A1 – FBA (4) + MBA + MAB = 0

FBA = (4.59 + 6.76) / 4

FBA = 2.84 KN = FAB ()

Span CD:

Taking moments about D1 – FCD (3) + MCD + MDC = 0

 (4.75  6.35)
FCD = = 3.7 KN = FDC ()
3

Total horizontal reaction at support = FAB + FDC = 2.84 () + 3.7 () = 6.54
KN ()
0.74
But the actual sway force is 0.74 KN. Hence the correction factor = =
6.54

0.113.

The moments have to be multiplied by 0.113. The following table shows the
non sway, moments, sway moments after correction and the final moments.

S.No. Moments MAB MBA MBC MCB MCD MDC

1. Non 14.78 29.60 -29.60 23.68 -23.68 -11.83

 Sway
moments

2. Sway 6.76 x 4.59x0.113 - - 4.75x0.113 6.35x0.13

moments 0.113 = 0.519 4.59x0.113 4.7x0.113 = 0.537 = 0.718
after = = -0.519 = -0.537
correction 0.764

3. Final 15.544 30.119 -30.119 23.143 -23.143 -11.112

Moments
(1) + (2)