SP200: CENTRAL

HVAC SYSTEMS
and SPACE
PLANNING
Justin Aubrey paz

2019180014

AR154P_A51
Contents

Total cooling
Problem Total Cooling load Total Cooling load
capacity of the
Statement of the building of the occupants
Chiller

AHU footprint
Type of Size of the Size of the AHU
area required for
Compressor Cooling Tower room
each floor

Summary of the
data gathered
 Follow Follow the list of instructions for SP200:

Determine Determine the total cooling load of the building.

Determine Determine the total cooling load of the occupants.

Determine the cooling capacity required for the

Determine
chiller. Specify type of compressor for the chiller.

Determine size of cooling tower (chiller capacity +

Determine
20%).

Determine the footprint area of the AHU required for

Determine
each floor of the building.

Determine Determine the size of the AHU room.

ALL COMPUTATIONS/CALCULATIONS MUST BE

BE
SHOWN!!
 Givens:
A. Determining the total cooling of the Total Building Area: 9575.386 sqm
building Total # of floors/stories: 3
Total # of users: 904

Conceptually, the cooling load is the amount of heat that is needed to be removed within a space
to maintain temperature or cool that space.

We can compute that cooling in the following steps presented below:

First, we need to determine the total gross floor area of the whole building. In this case its
9575.386 sqm (square meter)

Rule of thumb: the common rule of thumb for a space with a large area is 350 sf/ton (square
feet per ton of ice). The idea is that for a space of smaller area the demand would be higher
while a space with a larger area will have a lower demand.

Second, we need to convert square feet into square meter.

Lastly, we divide the TGFA (total gross floor area) to the value resulting from step 2.

*WORKED SOLUTION ON THE NEXT SLIDE*

 Givens:
A. Determining the total cooling of the Total Building Area: 9575.386 sqm
building Total # of floors/stories: 3
Total # of users: 904

Step 1. Determine TGFA

TGFA = 9575.386 sqm

Step 2. Convert 350 square foot to sqm (square meter)

1 square meter = 10.76 square feet

1 𝑠𝑞𝑚 𝑥
=
10.76 𝑠𝑓 350

𝐱 = 𝟑𝟑𝒔𝒒𝒎

Step 3. Divide the TGFA to the converted value to get the total cooling of the building.

9575.386 𝑠𝑞𝑚
= 290 tons
33 𝑠𝑞𝑚

Thus, the total cooling load is 290 tons

 Givens:
B. Determining the total cooling load of the Total Building Area: 9575.386 sqm
occupants Total # of floors/stories: 3
Total # of users: 904

Concepts: by average an adult produces a total heat of about 360btu/hr (Btu= British Thermal units). However, in
this scenario we would assume that the people are producing heat at a metabolic rate, thus, we use 400btu/hr.

It also important to know that a ton of cooling is the heat extraction of 12,000btu/hr. Theoretically, is the required
energy to melt a ton of ice in 24 hours.

We can compute the total cooling load of the occupants following the steps presented below,

First, we need to determine our givens. In this case, there are a total population of 904 users occupying or using the
building.

Second, we multiply the total population in a building to the average metabolic heat rate produce by an average
adult in this case 400btu/hr

Third, once the product of step 2 is known we need to convert that value into tons, which is our desired unit.

*WORKED SOLUTION ON THE NEXT SLIDE*

 Givens:
B. Determining the total cooling load of the Avg. metabolic rate of an adult=400btu/hr.
occupants 1 ton of cooling= 12000 btu/hr.
Total # of occupants=904 users

Step 1. Givens

Total # users = 904

1 ton of cooling= the extraction of 12,000btu/hr
Avg. metabolic heat rate = 400btu/hr

Step 2. Multiply the total users to the Avg. Metabolic heat rate

btu btu
904 ⋅ 400 = 361600
hr hr

Step 3. Convert 361600 btu/hr to tons.

1 ton of cooling = 12,000 btu/hr

1 𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑥
=
12000 𝑏𝑡𝑢/ℎ𝑟 361600 𝑏𝑡𝑢/ℎ𝑟

𝑥 = 30.14 tons

Therefore, the total cooling load of occupants is 30.14 tons

 Givens:
C. Determining the total cooling capacity of Total cooling load of the building=290 tons
the chiller. Total cooling load of the occupants=30.14 tons

What are chillers?

Chillers are the most important piece of equipment in a building it removes the heat gathered from
a space and re-circulates cooled refrigerant to the HVAC system where it the process of
refrigeration occurs.

The selection of compressors for chillers are dependent on the type of fuel that is to be used and
the total cooling load of the building

Now, to compute the total capacity of the chiller we simply add the total cooling load of the
building + the total cooling load of the occupants.

Givens:

Total Cooling of the Building = 290 tons

Total cooling load of the occupants= 30.14 tons

Thus, 290+30.14= 320.14 tons

There the total capacity of the chiller is 320.14 tons

 Givens:
Total cooling capacity of the chiller=320.14
C. Determining the type of compressor

As previously mentioned, the type of compressor is dependent

on the type of fuel used or the total cooling capacity of the
chiller.

The total capacity of the chiller computed is 320.14 tons.

Therefore, the best for compressor for this chiller is the
Rotating Screw Compressor.

Rotating Screw Compressors, are compressor with two

threaded inter-fitting rotors or screws that is usually coupled to
compress the refrigerant. The capacity of these compressors
are between 50 to 1500 tons and is normally used in the
ranges of 200 to 800 tons, which is a perfect fit for the
chiller with a 320.14-ton capacity.

Advantages of Rotating Screw Compressors:

-They are energy efficient with an efficiency rating between 25

to 30 percent
-It produces less noise and vibration
-It occupies less space
-Minimal maintenance
 Givens:
D. Determining the size of the Cooling Tower Total cooling capacity of the chiller= 320.14 tons
(Chiller cap+20%)

Cooling towers are devices that reject the waste heat to the outside atmosphere occurring
from the refrigeration cycle happening inside the HVAC system.

To determine the size of the cooling tower we simply take 20% of the total cooling capacity of
the chiller then adding that value to the capacity of the same chiller, as shown below:

20% of 320.14 tons = 64.028

320.14 tons + 64.028 = 384.168

Thus, the total capacity of the cooling tower is 384.168 tons

 Givens:
E. Determining the AHU footprint area Total Cooling Capacity of Chiller=320.14
required per floor Air velocity=500 ft/min
Air volume=400 Cfm/ton
Total # floors=3

To determine the required footprint area of the AHU (Air Handling Unit) we follow steps
below:

First, multiply the Total cooling capacity of the Chiller (320.14 tons) to the air volume (400
cubic foot per minute/ton). 400cfm/ton is the required air volume to melt a ton of ice.

Second, divide the product from step 1 to the air velocity (500ft/min) to determine square
footage

Third, once the square footage is determined divide that value to the total number of floors
of the building to get the square footage for each floor of the building.

Lastly, convert square footage to square meters to match with the intended units

*WORKED SOLUTION ON THE NEXT SLIDE*

 Givens:
E. Determining the AHU footprint area Total Cooling Capacity of Chiller=320.14
required per floor Air velocity=500 ft/min
Air volume=400 Cfm/ton
Total # floors=3
1 sqm=10.76 sf
Step 1. Multiply total cooling capacity to the air volume.

cfm
320.14 tons + 400 = 128056 cfm
ton

Step 2. Divide 128056 cfm to 500 ft/min

ft
128056 cfm ÷ 500 = 256.112 square foot
min

Step 3. Divide 256.112 sf to the total # of floors.

256.112 sf ÷ 3 = 85.37 square feet of area

Step 4. convert 85.37 sf to sqm.

𝟖𝟓. 𝟑𝟕 𝐬𝐟 ÷ 𝟏𝟎. 𝟕𝟔 = 𝟕. 𝟗 𝐬𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐨𝐫 𝟖 𝐬𝐪𝐦
 Givens:
E. Determining the size of the AHU room AHU footprint area=8 square meters

To determine the size of the AHU room we need to find its width and length. To do this we
take the square root of 8 to get the width, thus:

8 = 2.83 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ

We then multiply the width by 2 to get the length of the room

2.85 ⋅ 2 = 5.66 meters long

AHU rooms must have a 2-meter offset on each side to allow for human use and circulation
thus,

2.83𝑚 + 4𝑚 = 6.83𝑛
5.66 m + 4𝑚 = 9.66𝑚

Thus, the AHU room will have a dimension of 6.83x9.66 m

SUMMARY

TOTAL COOLING LOAD OF THE BUILDING= 290 tons

TOTAL COOLING LOAD OF OCCUPANTS= 30.14

TOTAL COOLING CAPACITY OF CHILLER=320.14 tons

SIZE OF THE COOLING TOWER=384.168 tons

AHU FOOTPRINT AREA PER FLOOR= 8 square meters

AHU ROOM SIZE/DIMENSION= 6.83m x 9.66 m