NOTRE DAME OF SALAMAN COLLEGE, INC.

Founded in 1965 by the Oblates

Owned by the Archdiocese of Cotabato
Managed by the Diocesan Clergy of Cotabato (DCC)
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Amare Est Servire

ICT 1 HANDOUT
Introduction to Computer Literacy 1
SECOND SEMESTER | SCHOOL YEAR 2020-2021

Program/Year : BSCRIM 1 – C & D | BSCRIM 1 – A & B

Instructor/tress : PRUDENCE A. FUENTES, MIT | ROXANNE C. DELA CERNA
Duration: : 4 Weeks

Course Description: The course is designed to enable the non-IT students to appreciate, use and understand the core
of Information and Communication Technology. Introduces topics including computer hardware and software, the
Internet, e-mail, social networking sites, security and computer ethics, and office productivity tools.
Grading Criteria Midterm Final
Activity 25% 25%
Quiz 25% 25%
Exam 50% 50%
Topic Coverage:
Chapter I – Introduction to Computer Literacy
1.1 Computer Literacy
1.2 Hardware
1.3 Software
Chapter II – Introduction to Information and Communication Technology
2.1 Introduction to Information and Communication Technology

Lesson Objectives:
 Discuss the Introduction to Computer
 Identify the different types of software and parts of computer hardware devices.
 Explain the functions of Input and Output devices.

CHAPTER I. COMPUTER LITERACY

As technology continues to advance, computers have become a part of everyday life. Thus, many people believe that
computer literacy is vital to success in today’s world. Computer literacy, also known as digital literacy, involves having
a current knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses. Because the requirements that determine
computer literacy change as technology changes, you must keep up with these changes to remain computer literate.

What is Computer?
An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data,
process the data according to specified rules, produce results, and store the results for future use.
Data and Information. Computers process data into information. Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which
can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video. Information conveys meaning and is useful to people.
Information Processing Cycle. These are the steps that are taken to convert raw facts, which is data, into
information. It starts with data collection.
Figure 1.1
Information DATA INFORMATI
Processing
INPUT PROCESS STORAGE OUTPUT
Cycle

Input Devices Processing Devices Storage Devices Output Devices

1. Keyboard 1. Random Access Memory (RAM) 1. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) 1. Printer
2. Mouse 2. Central Processing Unit (CPU) 2. Solid-State Drive (SSD) 2. Monitor
3. Microphone 3. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) 3. USB Flashdrive 3. Speakers
4. Scanner or Video Card 4. CD/DVD’s 4. Projector
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mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the writer except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other
non-commercial uses permitted by copy right law.
ICT 1 – Introduction to Computer Literacy 1|P a g e
Data. Refers to the symbols that represent facts, objects, or ideas.

Information. Processed, stored, or transmitted data.

Input Devices. Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer. Five widely used input devices are the
keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, and Web cam.

Output Devices. An output device is any hardware component that conveys information to one or more people.
Three commonly used output devices are a printer, a monitor, and speakers.

Storage Devices. A computer keeps data, instructions, and information on storage media. Examples of storage media
are USB flash drives, hard disks, optical discs, and memory cards. A storage device records (writes) and/or retrieves
(reads) items to and from storage media.

System Unit. Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data.

Components of Computer

SOFTWARE HARDWARE PEOPLEWARE

Figure 1.1 Components of Computer

Hardware. Refers to the physical parts of a computer and related devices. Internal hardware devices
include motherboards, hard drives, and Random Access Memory (RAM). External hardware devices include monitors,
keyboards, mice, printers, and scanners. The internal hardware parts of a computer are often referred to
as components, while external hardware devices are usually called peripherals.

Software. also called a program, consists of a series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose, that
tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them.

Peopoleware. Computers operate using a combination of hardware and software. However, without user

interaction, most computers would be useless machines. Therefore, "peopleware" is sometimes considered a third
aspect that takes into account the importance of humans in the computing process.

1.1 HARDWARE
Parts of Computer
1. Computer Case. The computer case is an enclosure that includes lots of main
components. The computer case is also called system unit, box, tower, housing and
other names (Fisher, n.d).

2. Motherboard. The motherboard is the main circuit board of your computer and is

also known as the mainboard or logic board. If you ever open your computer, the
biggest piece of silicon you see is the motherboard. Attached to the motherboard,
you'll find the CPU, ROM, memory RAM expansion slots, PCI slots, and USB ports.
It also includes controllers for devices like the hard drive, DVD drive, keyboard, and
mouse. Basically, the motherboard is what makes everything in your computer
work together.

3. Central Processing Unit (CPU). The CPU is the primary component of a computer

that processes instructions. It runs the operating system and applications,
constantly receiving input from the user or active software programs. It processes
the data and produces output, which may stored by an application or displayed on
the screen.

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mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the writer except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other
non-commercial uses permitted by copy right law.
ICT 1 – Introduction to Computer Literacy 2|P a g e
4. Random Access Memory (RAM). A common hardware component found in electronic devices,
including desktop computers, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. In computers, RAM may be installed
as memory modules, such as DIMMs or (SO-DIMMs sodimm). In tablets and smartphones, RAM is typically
integrated into the device and cannot be removed.
RAM is also called as a “Primary Storage”. The amount of RAM
in a device determines how much memory the operating system and
open applications can use. When a device has sufficient RAM, several
programs can run simultaneously without any slowdown. When a
device uses close to 100% of the available RAM, memory must be
swapped between applications, which may cause a noticeable
slowdown. Therefore, adding RAM or buying a device with more RAM
is one of the best ways to improve performance.
"RAM" and "memory" may be used interchangeably. For
example, a computer with 16 GB of RAM has 16 gigabytes of memory. This is different than storage capacity,
which refers to how much disk space the device's HDD or SSD provides for storing files.

5. Graphics/Video Card. In order to give the CPU a break and help it run more efficiently, a
video card can be used to process the graphics portion of the processing load. Because
most of today's programs are graphically oriented, the video card can help almost any
program run more efficiently. However, the difference in performance is especially
noticeable in image editing applications and 3D games.

6. Hard Disk Drive (HDD). It is also called a “Secondary Storage”. A hard disk drive is a non-
volatile data storage device. It is usually installed internally in a computer, attached directly
to the disk controller of the computer's motherboard. 
Other Types of Secondary Storage
 Solid State Drive (SSD). An SSD is a type of mass storage device similar to a hard
disk drive (HDD). It supports reading and writing data and maintains stored data in
a permanent state even without power. Internal SSDs connect to a computer like a
hard drive, using standard IDE or SATA connections.
 Universal Serial Bus Flash Drive (USB FD or USB Flash Drive or Flash Drive). a
device used for data storage that includes a flash memory and an integrated
Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface. Most USB flash drives are removable and
rewritable. Physically, they are small, durable and reliable. The larger their storage
space, the faster they tend to operate.
 A USB flash drive with On-the-go (OTG). Technology is equipped with a standard
USB connector on one end, and a micro-USB connector on the other end. In this way,
you can connect the USB flash drive directly to your smartphone or digital camera
without using a cable, allowing you to read and transfer data quickly and
immediately.
 Flash Memory Card or Memory Card. Mainly used as a primary and portable flash
memory in mobile phones, cameras and other portable and handheld devices. Some
of the most popular forms of memory cards are Secure Digital (SD) card,
CompactFlash (CF) card, SmartMedia, Memory Stick, and MultiMediaCard (MMC).
 Optical Disc. Primarily used as a portable and secondary storage device. It can store
more data than the previous generation of magnetic storage media, and has a
relatively longer lifespan. Compact disks (CD), digital versatile/video disks (DVD) and
Blu-ray disks are currently the most commonly used forms of optical disks. These
disks are generally used to:
o Distribute software to customers
o Store large amounts of data such as music, images and videos
o Transfer data to different computers or devices
o Back up data from a local machine
7. External Hard Drive. A portable storage device that can be attached to a computer through a
USB or FireWire.

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mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the writer except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other
non-commercial uses permitted by copy right law.
ICT 1 – Introduction to Computer Literacy 3|P a g e
 8. Power Supply Unit (PSU). A power supply mounts inside the computer case. This converts the AC mains
supply from the wall socket and supplies the correct DC voltages to all the components inside the computer.
A computer power supply supplies the following voltages:
 +3.3v: This voltage is supplied to the motherboard.
 +5V: This voltage is supplied to the motherboard and other internal components.
 +12V: This voltage is supplied to the motherboard and other internal components.
 -12V: This voltage is supplied to the motherboard.

9. Monitor. An output device that displays video images and text.

Different Types of Monitor
1. Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Monitor. An LED monitor or LED display is a flat screen, flat-panel
computer monitor or television. It has a very short depth and is light in terms
of weight. The actual difference between this and a typical LCD monitor is
the backlighting.
2. Liquid-Crystal Display (LCD) Monitor.  A flat display technology used
in laptops, cell phones, calculators, digital cameras, and flat screen displays.
The LCD is made of two sheets of a flexible polarizing material and a layer of liquid crystal
solution between the two. An LCD is available as an active-matrix, dual-scan, or passive-
matrix display and are most common with laptop computers. An input and output device.
3. Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) Monitor. The technology used in traditional
computer monitors and televisions. The image on a CRT display is created by
firing electrons from the back of the tube to phosphors located towards the
front of the display.

10. Keyboard. One of the primary input devices used with a computer. Similar to an electric typewriter, a
keyboard is composed of buttons used to create letters, numbers, and symbols, and perform additional
functions.

Figure 1.2 Computer Keyboard Parts and Functions

Symbols and Punctuations

Keys NAME FUNCTIONS
TILDE This serves to indicate different pronunciations like Sto. Niñ0, in
~ mathematical numbers, is used to describe a range of properties, like
220~240 volts of wall outlet standard voltage.
ACCENT GRAVE This is used for the stressed vowel of the last letter of the multivoxel word.
`
EXCLAMATORY It is used for uttering forceful feelings and also use for coding language
! POINT purposes.
at sign It's a replacement of a word and commonly used for an email address after
@
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mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the writer except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other
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ICT 1 – Introduction to Computer Literacy 4|P a g e
 the name or in between of email name and the email provider., ex.
[email protected]
hashtag This symbol is describing a number to follow and describe as no., it is also
# used of other social media to describe a keyword or a topic within your post.
 Currency Symbol This is used to denote a monetary value or money, in the keyboard, you
$ will see the dollar symbol.
 Percentage It is used in mathematical operations as a division property of a whole
 % number. It's a division of 100, example 5% can be divided into 5/100 is
equal to 0.05
 Caret This key found at the top of 6 numbers and it is used to indicate an
 ^ exponent in mathematical operations.
 and sign or Use to describe the word and, the ancient name is the ampersand. This is
 & ampersand used also for coding language like Visual Basic.
 Asterisk This used to express Mathematical operations of Multiplication instead of
 *
using X in a spreadsheet application. And also use of coding language.
 Open Paren thesis This is mainly used to separate a sentence or a word that is different from
 (
the meaning of a word or sentence. It is also for the spreadsheet
application like the IF function of Microsoft Excel. 
 Close Paren This is mainly used to separate a sentence or a word that is different from
  ) Thesis the meaning of a word or sentence. It is also for the spreadsheet
application like the IF function of Microsoft Excel. 
 Dash In Mathematical operations dash is the minus
-
 
 Underscore It's an alternate of the space-bar key, it is used when the space-bar not in
 _ use. And in coding language, its use in creating a variable like
$my_example.
 plus In Mathematical operations, it is used to add numbers. 
  +
 Equal It's used to show a result of calculations, in a spreadsheet application, it is
 = the first to type before the logical formula.
 Curly brackets It is used to enclose a group of statements. And in other coding languages,
 {
its use to enclose a variable.
 Curly Brackets It is used to enclose a group of statements. And in other coding languages,
} its use to enclose a variable. 
 Square Brackets In writing its denotes error, in Mathematical operations, it used to enclose
 [ ] integer numbers.
 Colon In URL it's the use of the end of HTTP, and use to describe a drive of
 : computer storage, like C:
 Semi-Colon In programming language used to describe the end of the instructions. In
 ; other use, this serves as equal or use to separate two sentences that have
the same equal. 
 Pipe or Vertical It is also used to separate a combination word, in a command like MS-
 | Bar DOS it is used as a separator.
 Back Slash In a command like MS-DOS, it is used as a separator indicates as a
 \ directory or a folder. 
 Double Quotation It is used to enclose a group of text that use to describe as a sentence or a
 " Mark quote, like the remarks. Example in MS-Excel, =if (d4>100, "very
high","very low")
 Single Quotation Use to quote within a quotation, ex. Philippines President said, 'I hate
 ' Mark drugs'. In other programming languages, it is used to describe lateral
strings.
 Less Than Use to compare numbers that lower to other numbers in Mathematical
 < calculations, like 5 < 10
 Greater Thank  Use to compare numbers that higher to other numbers in Mathematical
 > calculations, like 10 > 5
Comma Its a punctuation mark describes in programming as an operator or
 , instruction. This is used also to indicate thousands and logical operations
it's used to separate logical tests and the value. 
Period This is used to indicate the end of a sentence or a full stop of a paragraph.
. In MS-DOS it indicates a parent directory.
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mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the writer except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other
non-commercial uses permitted by copy right law.
ICT 1 – Introduction to Computer Literacy 5|P a g e
 Question Mark It indicates a question, need to answer. And in the browser, it indicates a
? web address.
Forward Slash In Mathematical operations, it is used as a division symbol and separator
/ of an item of command in MS-DOS.
Minus Mathematical operations of subtractions.
-
Special Keys Belong to Alphanumeric Character
KEYS NAME FUNCTIONS
 TAB   Tabulator  This is the indention key for the document and the tabulator of the windows.
 Caps Lock  Capital Letter Lock  For the capital letter of a document during writing.
 Shift  Shift key There are 2 shift keys, this is the use for single upper keys during writing.
 CTRL  Control key There are 2 control keys, use of partner-specific keys to function another
command.
 Windows Flying Windows  This is used to open or customize the start menu of the desktop.
Logo key
 ALT  Alternate key There are 2 ALT Keys, this is used to partner the numeric keypad and other
special keys to function another specific command like the character map or
other symbols of computer application.
 Spacebar  spacebar This is used to give a space between letters and words or use to indent a
character in a document at the specific size of 0.1 inches
Desktop Desktop Property This is used to open the backdoor command, just like a right-click of the
Property Key mouse in the blank of desktop or in a template of application.
Key
Backspace Backspace This is used to erase a character position on the left side.
Enter key Enter key Use as to accept any command.

Control Key
1. CTRL + Z= UNDO 5. CTRL + B= BOLD 9. CTRL + F= FIND 13. CTRL + U= UNDERLINE
2. CTRL + X= CUT 6. CTRL + N= NEW 10. CTRL + G= GOTO 14. CTRL + I= ITALIC
3. CTRL + C= COPY 7. CTRL + A= ALL (HIGHLIGHT) 11. CTRL + H= REPLACE 15. CTRL + O= OPEN
4. CTRL + V= PASTE 8. CTRL + S= SAVE 12. CTRL + Y= REDO 16. CTRL + P= PRINT
Other Shortcut Keys
Function Keys (F1-F12). The function keys or F-keys on a computer keyboard, labeled F1 through F12, are keys with a
special function defined by the operating system or the active program. In certain instances, they may be combined
with the Alt or Ctrl keys.

F1 = Used as the help key in almost every program. When pressed, a help screen opens, or you're directed to a web
page. Enter BIOS setup as the computer is booting. Windows key+F1 would open the Microsoft Windows help
and support center. In Excel, press Alt+Shift+F1 to create a new worksheet tab. Open the Task Pane.
F2 = In Microsoft Windows, renames a highlighted icon, file, or folder in all versions of Windows. In Microsoft Excel,
edits the active cell. Alt+Ctrl+F2 opens the open document window in Microsoft Word and allows you to select
a document to open in Word. Ctrl+F2 displays the print preview window in Microsoft Word. Enter BIOS setup as
the computer is booting.
F3 = Often opens a search feature for many programs, including Microsoft Windows, when at the  Windows
desktop on Windows 7 and lower. In some programs, after an initial search is performed, F3 finds the next
search value. In MS-DOS or Windows command line, F3 repeats the last command entered. In Microsoft
Word, Ctrl+F3 lowercases any highlighted text. Shift+F3 changes the text in Microsoft Word from upper to
lowercase or a capital letter at the beginning of every word. Windows key+F3 opens the Advanced find window
in Microsoft Outlook. In Windows Explorer, start the search function.
F4 = Open the address bar in Windows Explorer and Internet Explorer. Repeat the last action performed (Word
2000+). Alt+F4 closes the program window currently active in Microsoft Windows. Ctrl+F4 closes the open
window or tab in the active window in Microsoft Windows. While in the Excel formula box, pressing F4 switches
between an absolute and relative cell reference.
F5 = In all modern Internet browsers, pressing F5 refreshes or reloads the page or document window. Ctrl+F5 forces
a complete refresh of the web page, clearing the cache and downloading all contents of the page again. Refresh
the list of contents in a folder. Open the find, replace, and go to window in Microsoft Word. Pressing  F5 starts a
slideshow in PowerPoint from the first slide. Pressing Shift+F5 starts the slideshow from the currently active
slide.
F6 = Move the cursor to the address bar in Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, and most other Internet browsers.
Ctrl+Shift+F6 opens to another open Microsoft Word document.

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mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the writer except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other
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ICT 1 – Introduction to Computer Literacy 6|P a g e
F7 = Commonly used to spell check and grammar check a document in Microsoft programs such as Microsoft Word,
Outlook, etc.. Shift+F7 runs a Thesaurus check on the word highlighted. Turns on Caret Browsing in  Google
Chrome and Mozilla Firefox. Open the Layers panel in Adobe Photoshop.
F8 = Function key used to enter the Windows startup menu, commonly used to access Windows Safe Mode. Used by
some computers to access the Windows recovery system, but may require a Windows installation CD.
F9 = Refresh document in Microsoft Word.
F10 = In most Microsoft Windows programs, by default, F10 activates the menu bar or Ribbon of an open application.
Shift+F10 is the same as right-clicking a highlighted icon, file, or Internet link.
F11 = Enter and exit fullscreen mode in all modern Internet browsers.
F12 = Open the Save as window in Microsoft Word. Ctrl+F12 opens a document in Word. Shift+F12 saves the
Microsoft Word document (like Ctrl+S). Ctrl+Shift+F12 prints a document in Microsoft Word.

Figure 1.3 Parts of Keyboard

Keyboard shortcut keys for Windows 10

KEY DESCRIPTION KEY DESCRIPTION
Windows key Open or close Start Menu. Windows key + Left arrow key Snap app windows left.
Windows key + A Open Action center. Windows key + Right arrow key  Snap app windows right.
Windows key + C  Open Cortana in listening Windows key + Up arrow key  Maximize app windows.
mode.
Windows key + D Display or hide the desktop. Windows key + Down arrow key  Minimize app windows.
Windows key + E  Open File Explorer. Windows key + Comma  Temporarily peek at the
desktop.
Windows key + G  Open Game bar when a game Windows key + Ctrl + D  Add a virtual desktop.
is open.
Windows key + H Open the Share charm. Windows key + Ctrl + Left or Switch between virtual
Right arrow  desktops.
Windows key + I  Open Settings. Windows key + Ctrl + F4  Close current virtual
desktop.
Windows key + K Open the Connect quick action. Windows key + Enter  Open Narrator.
Windows key + L  Lock your PC or switch Windows key + Home  Minimize all but the active
accounts. desktop window (restores
all windows on second
stroke).
Windows key + M Minimize all windows. Windows key + PrtScn  Capture a screenshot and
save in Screenshots folder.
Windows key + R  Open Run dialog box. Windows key + Shift + Up arrow  Stretch the desktop window
to the top and bottom of the
screen.
Windows key + S  Open Search. Windows key + Tab  Open Task view.
Windows key + U  Open Ease of Access Center. Windows key + "+" key  Zoom in using the magnifier.
Windows key + X  Open Quick Link menu. Windows key + "-" key  Zoom out using the
magnifier.Alt + Shift +
T: Insert the current time.
Windows key + Open the app pinned to the
Number  taskbar in the position
indicated by the number.

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mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the writer except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other
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ICT 1 – Introduction to Computer Literacy 7|P a g e
11. Mouse. A handheld hardware input device that controls a cursor in a GUI (graphical user interface) and can
move and select text, icons, files, and folders on your computer.
Type Mouse and Keyboard Ports
1. Bluetooth 3. Infrared 5. PS/2 Port
2. Serial Port 4. USB

12. Printer. An external hardware output device that takes the electronic data stored on a computer or other
device and generates a hard copy. 
Types of Printers
 3D printer. Created by Chuck Hull in 1984, the 3D printer is a device that creates a
physical object from a digital model by layering materials. 3D printers use materials,
such as metal alloys, polymers, plastics, or even food ingredients.

 AIO (all-in-one) Printer. Referred as an MFP (multifunction printer), AIO is short

for All-in-One. AIO describes a hardware device such as an All-in-One printer that is a printer, fax, and
scanner all in one device. The picture is an example of a Samsung All-in-One printer that is a  fax, laser
printer, sheetfed scanner, and flatbed scanner.

 Dot Matrix Printer. The term dot matrix refers to the use of dots to form an image. In
a dot matrix image, the quality is determined by the number of dots per inch.
Referred as a pin printer, dot matrix printers were first introduced by IBM in 1957.
However, the first dot matrix impact printer was created by Centronics in 1970. Dot
matrix printers use print heads to shoot ink or strike an ink ribbon to place hundreds
to thousands of little dots to form text and images. Today, dot matrix printers are utilized far less than
they used to be due to their low-quality images and slow print speed compared to inkjet
printers and laser printers.

 Inkjet printer. The most popular printer for home computer users that prints by
spraying streams of quick-drying ink on paper. The ink is stored in disposable
ink cartridges, and often a separate cartridge is used for each of the major colors.
These colors are usually CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black). The picture is an
example of a computer inkjet printer.

 Laser Printer. The laser printer was first developed at Xerox PARC by Gary

Starkweather and released in 1971 that utilizes laser technology to print images on
the paper. Laser printers are often used for corporate, school, and other
environments that require print jobs to be completed quickly and in large quantities.
The picture is of an HP LaserJet printer and a good example of a laser printer. As the
image shows, a laser printer is usually larger than an inkjet printer found in most homes.

 LED Printer. Similar to a laser printer, LED printers are non-impact but use a light-
emitting diode instead of a laser in the printhead. LED printers were initially
developed by Casio and function by focusing light across the entire length of the
drum, thus creating areas that are less charged, which attracts toner. The printer then
transfers the toner from the drum to the paper and applies intense heat to fuse the
toner to the paper.

 Plotter. A computer hardware device much like a printer that is used for
printing vector graphics. Instead of toner, plotters use a pen, pencil, marker, or
another writing tool to draw multiple, continuous lines onto paper rather than a
series of dots like a traditional printer. Though once widely used for computer-aided
design, these devices have more or less been phased out by wide-format printers.
Plotters produce a hard copy of schematics and other similar applications.

 Thermal Printer. A thermal impact printer or electrothermal printer is a printer that

uses heated pins to "burn" images onto heat-sensitive paper. These printers are
commonly used in calculators and fax machines; and although they are inexpensive
and print relatively fast, they produce low resolution print jobs.
A thermal printer, thermal transfer printer, or thermal wax-transfer printer uses
thermal wax ribbon to melt colored wax on paper for a photo print. It was invented by Jack Kilby.
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mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the writer except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other
non-commercial uses permitted by copy right law.
ICT 1 – Introduction to Computer Literacy 8|P a g e
 13. Scanner. a scanner or optical scanner is a hardware input device that optically "reads" and
image and converts it into a digital signal. For example, a scanner may be used to convert a
printed picture, drawing, or document (hard copy) into a digital file which can be edited on a
computer.

14. Speaker. An output hardware device that connects to a computer to generate sound. The

signal used to produce the sound that comes from a computer speaker is created by the
computer's sound card.

15. Modem. A modem or broadband modem is a hardware device that connects

a computer or router to a broadband network. For example, a cable modem and DSL
modem are two examples of these types of Modems.

16. Microphone. Allows computer users to input audio into their computers. Use of microphone
in computer such as recording audio for a video, voice recorder, voice over internet protocol
(VoIP), voice recognition, computer gaming, online chatting, capturing any noise in a room,
recording voice for dictation, singing, and podcasts, and recording musical instruments.

Figure 1.4. Common computer hardware components include a keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, Web cam, printer, monitor, speakers,
system unit, hard disk drive, external hard disk, optical disc drive(s), USB flash drive, card reader/writer, memory cards, and modem.

1.3 SOFTWARE
Software Types
1. System software is responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing the individual hardware
components of a computer system so that other software and the users of the system see it as a functional
unit without having to be concerned with the low-level details such as transferring data from memory to
disk, or rendering text onto a display. Generally, system software consists of an operating system and some
fundamental utilities such as disk formatters, file managers, display managers, text editors, user
authentication (login) and management tools, and networking and device control software.
Example:

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 2. Application software is used to accomplish specific tasks other than just running the computer system.
Application software may consist of a single program, such as an image viewer; a small collection of programs
(often called a software package) that work closely together to accomplish a task, such as a spreadsheet or
text processing system; a larger collection (often called a software suite) of related but independent
programs and packages that have a common user interface or shared data format, such as Microsoft Office,
which consists of closely integrated word processor, spreadsheet, database, etc.; or a software system, such
as a database management system, which is a collection of fundamental programs that may provide some
service to a variety of other independent applications.

Example:

Comparison Application Software and System Software

System Software Application Software
Example: Example:
1) Microsoft Windows 1) Google Chrome (Web Browser)
2) Linux 2) Microsoft Word (Word Processing)
3) Unix 3) Microsoft Excel (Spreadsheet software)
4) Mac OSX 4) Mobile Legend (Mobile Game Software)
5) Android OS 5) Microsoft PowerPoint (Presentation Software)
6) Web OS 6) Adobe Photoshop (Graphics Software)
User Interaction: User Interaction:
Generally, users do not interact with system Users always interact with application software while
software as it works in the background. doing different activities.
Dependency: Dependency:
System software can run independently of the Application software cannot run without the presence
application software. of the system software.

Types of Computers
1. Microcomputer. It is a single user computer system having moderately powerful microprocessor.

Type of Microcomputers
1. Desktop computer. It is also called a Personal Computers and stationary PC. This is the most widespread
and universal computer for a wide range of users for both casual or commercial purposes.

2. Laptop. A laptop is a portable microcomputer, has an almost similar function to desktop computers.

3. Server Microcomputer. All the data and information available on the World Wide Web or Internet is
provided by different servers located in a different place. All the servers must be high-performance in order
to store data reliably. For the security purpose of data, server computers regularly back up all the
information.

4. Workstation. It is also a single user computer system, similar to personal computer however has a more
powerful microprocessor.

2. Mini-Computer. It is a multi-user computer system, capable of supporting hundreds of users simultaneously.

1. Smartphones. A smartphone has a phone-based operating system such as Android and iOS. The operating
system is a complex of all those applications, which makes an ordinary mobile phone to an advanced
versatile smartphone.

2. Tablet PC. portable computers and have various accessories to make it more personalized. Even in some
cases, it becomes more convenient than a laptop due to its smaller size.
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 3. PDA (Personal Digital Assistant). The Stylus Pen is used instead of a keyboard to write on the screen.
However, it supports voice and recognizes the touch of fingers. With this, it also has a storage capacity for
viewing images and videos.

4. Netbook. A small version of the normal laptop. They have a small screen and also the keyboard is smaller
in size. A netbook can perform all tasks like a personal PC but due to small size, they have some limitations as
well. They have low performances such as CPU, RAM and hard drive.

3. Main Frame. It is a multi-user computer system, capable of supporting hundreds of users simultaneously.
Software technology is different from minicomputer.

Supercomputer. It is an extremely fast computer, which can execute hundreds of millions of instructions per second.

CHAPTER II. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)

Information and Communication
Technologies (ICTs) is a broader term
for Information Technology (IT), which refers to all
communication technologies, including the
internet, wireless networks, cell phones,
computers, software, middleware, video-
conferencing, social networking, and other media
applications and services enabling users to access,
retrieve, store, transmit, and manipulate information in a digital form.
In the past few decades, information and communication technologies have provided society with a vast
array of new communication capabilities. For example, people can communicate in real-time with others in different
countries using technologies such as instant messaging, voice over IP (VoIP), and video-conferencing. Social
networking websites like Facebook allow users from all over the world to remain in contact and communicate on a
regular basis.
Modern information and communication technologies have created a "global village," in which people can
communicate with others across the world as if they were living next door. For this reason, ICT is often studied in the
context of how modern communication technologies affect society.

TOP 10 ICT Trends for 2021 According to yondu.com

1. Deployment of Mainstream 5G. The increasing variety of more complex IoT devices raises the demand for faster
internet connectivity. 5G offers lower latency and higher bandwidth alternatives to existing networks.
This means more devices can be connected with more capabilities such as artificial intelligence, edge
computing, and automation. Major telecom networks are preparing for the 5G revolution, with some
allocating heftier budgets in 2021.

2. Practical Deployment of Internet of Things (IoT). The Internet of Things (IoT) is changing the way we go about our
daily lives, from work, business, travel, and lifestyle. And it is seen to drive digital transformation, data-driven
automation, and customer-facing innovation even beyond 2021.
Advanced principal technologies and the proliferation of devices help fuel the growth of IoT
technologies. One of its practical applications is fleet management, where sensors can help improve the
vehicles’ interconnectivity with their managers.

3. Increased Demand for Edge Computing Processing Power. IoT has driven data growth multifold. Most devices
coming into the market are capable of gathering and sending data to the cloud.
Edge computing improves network performance by reducing inactivity. Forrester predicts that in
2021, AI and 5G will push edge computing “from science project to real value.”

4. Increase in Usage and Adoption of Mobile Wallets

Contact restrictions due to the pandemic increased the demand for online transactions, subsequently
raising the adoption and usage of e-wallets. According to Mastercard Impact Study 2020, the  Philippines
(36%) ranks second to Malaysia (40%) in mobile wallet usage in Southeast Asia.
The rapid changes in economic and social conditions and technological landscape drive a real
revolution in the payment processing sector. Digital payments through e-wallets are likely to stay in a post-
pandemic world.
5. Breakout Moment in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Over the last few years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies
have enabled various tools, platforms, and applications. In 2021, AI is seen to drive more radical changes in
innovations and business models.
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 For instance, AI is expected to manage customer interactions in real-time. Marketers will also find AI
helpful in targeting new markets across digital platforms, including social media.

6. Adoption of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in Enterprises. Due to lockdowns’ economic and financial
implications, companies are looking for ways to maintain or increase efficiency while reducing cost. Robotic
Process Automation (RPA) will free employees from mundane, repetitive tasks.
As a result, employees can redirect their efforts to more meaningful tasks that require crucial human
interaction. The pandemic has shown that RPA can weather challenging situations, indicating that it’s here to
stay to help businesses survive uncertainties.

7. Practical use of Blockchain Technology. Blockchain technology has grown quickly over the last two years. The IDC
earlier predicted that blockchain will have a major impact by 2021.
It said that first, blockchain-enabled in-industry value chains will extend their digital platforms to
their entire omni-experience ecosystems. Second, IDC predicts that about 30% of global retailers and
manufacturers will “build digital trust through blockchain services that enable collaborative supply chains and
allow consumers to access product histories.”

8. Commercialization of Quantum Computing Usage. This year, quantum computing has helped deal with COVID-19,
particularly in the search for potential vaccines. As data increases, quantum computing will play a pivotal role
in huge industries, such as healthcare and energy.
IBM’s Jai Singh Arun predicts it will radically change how we solve real-world problems by
“reimagining a new digital world.” As people understand its power, we’ll likely see quantum computing
applications in several ventures from 2021 and beyond.

9. Shift to Virtual Health Consultations. The COVID-19 crisis discouraged in-person meetings across all industries, and
the health sector is not an exemption. Today, people are limiting hospital visits over fears of catching the
disease.
The high infection risk in hospitals pushes the health sector to move routine and minor consultations
online. This will likely be the norm in 2021 until a potent vaccine becomes available.

10. Efficient Crop Growth Technology. The global digital agriculture market size is seen to reach $6.2 billion by 2021.
The increasing agricultural food product demand, concerns in food safety, and consumer preference changes
are some of the market drivers.
To match the supply with the demand, firms develop technologies to efficiently and effectively
produce more crops. Various apps will allow farmers to monitor their crops daily, and less expensive drones
will be helpful in delivery.

Activity Guide:

How to create gmail account in Personal Computer or Laptop or Netbook?

1. Open the Gmail account creation website. Go to https://www.google.com/gmail/about/# in your computer's web
browser. This will open a page with information regarding Gmail.

2. Click CREATE AN ACCOUNT. It's a red button in the top-right corner of the window. Doing so takes you to the first
page in the account creation section.

3. Enter your first and last name. Type your first name into the "First name" text box near the top of the page, then
enter your last name in the "Last name" box next to it.

4. Create a Gmail username. In the "Username" text box, type in the username you want to use for your email
address. This is the name which appears before the "@gmail.com" section of the address.
 If your selected username is already taken, you'll be asked to choose a different one upon clicking a
different text box on the page.

5. Enter a password twice. Type your preferred password into the "Password" text box near the bottom of the page,
then type the same password into the "Confirm password" box to the right of the first password box.
 These passwords must match before you can proceed.

6. Click NEXT. It's a blue button at the bottom of the page.

7. Enter account recovery options. While not mandatory, you can add up to two types of account recovery options to
your Gmail profile:
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  Phone number — Type your phone number into the "Phone number" text box near the top of the page.
 Recovery email address — Type any other email address into the "Recovery email address" text box near
the top of the page.

8. Add your date of birth. Click the "Month" drop-down box and select the month of your birthday, then type the day
and year into the "Day" and "Year" text boxes, respectively.

9. Select a gender. Click the "Gender" drop-down box, then select one of the gender options in the resulting drop-
down menu.
10. Click NEXT. It's a blue button at the bottom of the page.

11. Verify your phone number. If you added a phone number as an account recovery option, you can verify it now by
doing the following:
 Click SEND when prompted.
 Open your phone's text messages.
 Open the message from Google (usually a 5-digit number) and review the 6-digit number in the message.
 Enter the 6-digit number into the text box on the Gmail page.
 Click VERIFY
 You can also click the Not now link to skip verifying the account recovery options for now.

12. Scroll down and click I AGREE. It's at the bottom of the terms of service list on the left side of the page. Doing so
will accept the terms of service and sign you into your Gmail account.

How to send e-mail with attach file in gmail?

1. Select Compose to a new email message or create a reply to a message you received.
To: [email protected]
Subject: BSCRIM ICT 1 – Activity #1
Compose e-mail: Content of your message or e-mail.
Note: Click Submit if no attach file needed.

2. Select the Attach Files paperclip icon on the message window. An Insert File dialog box will open.
Note: You can create your own account in Gmail at any type or brand of smartphone.

3. Select the file or files you want to send and choose Open. The file or files will be attached to the email message.
4. Select the Attach Files paperclip again if you want to add more files from another location. Send the email
when you are ready.

ACTIVITY #1 – 10pts
1. Create Gmail Account using your real name.
Note:
 You can use your existing gmail account just make it sure it was named in your real name.
 You can create using your smartphone or personal computers.
ACTIVITY #2 – 100pts
1. Advantages and disadvantages of using computers.
2. Impact of Information and Communication Technology.
Directions and Distribution of Points:
 Type your answers in Microsoft Word Application. -10pts
 Do not forget to type your Name, Program and Section in the top of your answer. -10pts
 Minimum of 200 words per question. -60pts
 Send your answer using your Gmail Account.
Instructor/tress Gmail Account: [email protected] for BSCrim 1C&D
[email protected] for BSCrim 1A&B
To: Your instructor/tress Gmail Account -5pts
Subject: BSCRIM ICT 1 – Activity #1 -5pts
 Attach your fie or MS Word Document file -10pts

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mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the writer except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other
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