Construction, Working, Armature Winding of Synchronous

Machines
Alternator operates on the principle of
A. electromagnetic induction
B. self induction
C. mutual induction
D. self or mutual induction
The armature of an alternator
A. is a stationary member
B. is a revolving member
C. is the frame
D. consists of the winding into which current is induced

In modern alternators, the rotating part is

A. field system
B. armature
C. armature as well as field system
D. none of the above
The current from the stator of an alternator is taken out to the external load
circuit through
A. slip rings
B. commuter segments
C. solid connections
D. carbon brushes
An alternator is
A. a polyphase synchronous machine operated with dc exciter
B. a polyphase synchronous machine operated with ac exciter
C. a three-phase induction machine with prime mover
D. any ac generator
Which one of the following is the primary reason for placing field on rotor in an
alternator?
A. Small power in the field circuit
B. Insulation of high voltage is made easy on stator than on rotor
C. Large power in stator.
D. Large current in stator

In an alternator, the armature winding is kept stationary while the field

winding is kept rotating for the following reasons:
1. Armature handles very large current and high voltage
 2. Armature fabrication, involving deep slots to accommodate large
coils, is easy if armature is kept stationary
3. It is easier to cool the stator than the rotor
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Which type of alternator is used in hydroelectric power stations?
A. Non-salient pole alternator
B. Turbo generator
C. Salient pole alternator
D. Steam turbine alternator
Consider the following statements:
1. Salient pole alternators have small diameters and large axial lengths
2. Cylindrical rotor alternators have a distributed winding
3. Cylindrical rotor alternators are wound for large number of poles
4. Salient pole alternators run at speeds slower than cylindrical rotor
machines.
Which of the above statements are correct?
A. 1 and 3 only B. 2 and 4 only
C. 1 and 4 only D. 2 and 3 only
Consider the following statements. The synchronous generators used In
thermal power stations have
1. Cylindrical rotors
2. Slip rings and brushes
3. Laminated rotor
4. Stator slots in the multiples of 6
5. 3-phase stator-connected windings
Which of these statements arc correct?
A. 1, 2, 3 and 4 B. 1, 2, 3 and 5
C. 3, 4 and 5 D. 1, 2, 4 and 5

Compared to the salient-pole hydroelectric generators, the steam and the gas
turbine generators have cylindrical rotors for
A. Better air-circulation in the machine
B. reducing the eddy-current losses in the rotor
C. accommodating larger number terms in the field winding
D. providing higher mechanical strength against the centrifugal
In case of turbo-alternators, rotor is made of
A. forged steel
B. cast iron
C. stainless steel
D. laminated silicon steel
In a synchronous machine, the stator frame serves the purpose of
A. holding the armature stampings in position and also in some cases for
circulating cold water for cooling
B. insulating the armature windings
C. providing path to the magnetic flux
D. protecting the whole machine
In a synchronous machine, the stator frame is made of
A. stainless steel
B. CRGOS
C. cast iron or welded steel plates
D. laminated silicon steel
The stator core of a synchronous machine is built up of laminations.
A. stainless steel
B. silicon steel
C. cast iron
D. cast steel
The stator core stampings also have openings which make ventilating ducts
to provide efficient cooling.
A. axial
B. radial
C. axial as well as radial
D. none of the above

The open slots are more commonly used in the stator of a synchronous
machine as
A. the inductance of the winding is less
B. they permit the placement of form wound and insulated coils giving
least expensive and more satisfactory
C. Both A. and B
D. none of these
The field system of an alternator is usually excited at
 A. 250/250 V dc
B. 110/220 V ac
C. 3-phase, 50 Hz 400 V
D. 230 V ac
The slip rings employed in a 3-phase synchronous machine are insulated for
A. output rated voltage
B. low voltage
C. very low voltage
D. very high voltage
In a large synchronous generator, the damper winding is provided for
A. absorption of energy of oscillations when operating in parallel with
another alternator
B. suppression of spontaneous hunting when supplying power to a
transmission line with high resistance/reactance ratio.
C. providing a low resistance path for the currents due to unbalancing of
voltages
D. all of the above
Damper bars in case of salient pole rotors of hydro alternators are usually
inserted in pole faces to
A. strengthen the excitation current of the poles
B. damp out the rotor oscillations during transient state owing to
sudden change in load conditions
C. help improve the power factor of load
D. reduce the no-load current when load is thrown-off.
Hydro-generators are generally employed to run at ______ rpm.
A. 500
B. 1000
C. 1500
D. 3000

The salient pole rotors have

A. a large number of projecting poles carrying the field coils
B. thick steel laminations riveted together and fixed to the rotor by a
dove-tail joint
C. pole faces usually provided with slots for damper windings
D. all of the above
In salient pole field structure, the pole shoes cover about _____ of pole pitch
A. one -third
B. one half
 C. two-third
D. whole
Larger diameter salient pole rotors have shorter axial length because
A. it occupies much less space
B. it saves lot of copper in stator winding
C. it reduces weight of the rotor
D. number of conductors held in large circumference of rotor is very
large and so they need not be long
In a salient pole synchronous machine, the air gap is
A. uniform under the whole pole shoe
B. least under the middle of the pole shoe and increases outwards
C. largest under the middle of the pole shoe and decreases outwards
D. least at one end of the pole shoe and increases to the maximum
value at the other end
The number of poles on turboalternator is usually
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
To obtain sinusoidal flux distribution, chamfering of poles is done in
A. salient-pole alternators only
B. smooth cylindrical pole alternators only
C Both of the above
D. none of these
The salient pole rotors are not suitable for high speed turbo-generators due to
A. excessive bearing friction
B. undesirable mechanical oscillations
C. high centrifugal force and windage loss
D. large eddy current losses
In turbo-alternators, smooth cylindrical rotors have very long axial length
because it
A. reduces friction and windage loss
B. reduces centrifugal force
C. number of conductors being less, they have to be necessarily long for
generating the required voltage.
D. none of the above
In cylindrical rotor ______ portion of rotor is wound
A. one-third
B. two-third
C. one-half
 D. whole
The maximum possible speed at which an alternator can be driven to generate
50 Hz and 4,000 V is
A. 4,000 rpm
B. 3,600 rpm
C. 3,000 rpm
D. 1,500 rpm
Two mechanically coupled alternators deliver power at 50 Hz and 60 Hz
respectively. The highest speed of the alternators is
A. 3,600 rpm
B. 3,000 rpm
C. 600 rpm
D. 500 rpm.
A three-phase 50 Hz, 11 kV and 37.5 MW at 0.9 p.f. capacity synchronous
generator has its stator bore diameter of 765 cm and an axial core length of 80
cm. For which power plant this generator is suitable?
A. Thermal coal fired plant
B. Hydroelectric power plant
C. Nuclear power plant
D. Pumped storage power plant
The most appropriate operating speeds is rpm of generators used in Thermal,
Nuclear and Hydropower plants would respectively be
A. 3000, 300 and 1500
B. 3000, 3000 and 300
C. 1500, 1500 and 3000
D. 1000, 900 and 75
The aircraft alternators are designed to generate emf of high frequency of 400
Hz in order to
A. reduce the bulk
B. compensate for high speeds
C. make the systems free from external disturbances
D. all of the above
Armature winding is one in which
A. emf is induced by the leakage flux
B. emf is induced by the main or working flux
C. working or main flux is created by the field current
D. working or main flux is created by the armature current

Armature winding in ac machines

A. is always closed one
 B. is always open one
C. may be either closed one giving delta connections or open one giving
star connections
D. None of the above
The stator of modern alternators are wound for phase groups
A. 180°
B. 120°
C. 60°
D. 240°
Concentrated winding has
A. One coil per phase
B. Two coils per phase
C. One coil per pair of pole per phase
D. One coil side per pole pair per phase
Armature Reaction, Testing, Voltage Regulation & Synchronous Condenser
Armature reaction effect is/are _____ on the main field flux.
A. distorting (or cross-magnetizing) as well as demagnetizing
B. only assisting
C. only demagnetizing
D. only distorting

The armature reaction effect in a synchronous machine depends

A. load current.
B. power factor of the load.
C. speed of the machine
D. both A. and B
In a synchronous generator, the effect of cross-magnetization is to make the
generated voltage
A. truly sinusoidal
B. non sinusoidal
C. free from harmonics
D. none of these
In an alternator, the armature mmf will be in phase with the main field flux
only when the load is purely
A. resistive
B. inductive
C. Capacitive
D. None of the above
The nature of armature mmf for a zero power factor lagging load in a 3-phase
alternator is
A. magnetizing
B. demagnetizing
C. neutral
D. cross-magnetizing
A synchronous motor is feeding a zero power factor (lagging) load at rated
current. The armature reaction is
A. magnetizing
B. demagnetizing
C. cross-magnetizing
D. ineffective
Armature reaction AT of a synchronous generator supplying power at rated
voltage with lagging power factor is
A. Magnetizing
B. Demagnetizing
C. Cross-magnetizing
D. Both demagnetizing and cross magnetizing

In an alternator, the armature reaction is considered to be equivalent to a

fictitious
A. reactance
B. resistance
C. impedance
D. admittance
The synchronous reactance is the
A. reaction due to armature reaction of the machine
B. reactance due to leakage flux
C. combined reactance due to leakage flux and armature reaction
D. reactance either due to armature reaction or leakage flux
The saturated synchronous reactance of an alternator is ________ its
unsaturated synchronous reactance
A. more than
B. less than
C. equal to
D. none of these
In an alternator, short-circuit current is limited by the
A. saturated synchronous impedance
B. unsaturated synchronous impedance
C. either of the above
D. none of these
A field excitation of 20 A in a certain alternator results in an armature current
of 400 A in short circuit and a terminal voltage of 2,000 V on open circuit. The
magnitude of the internal voltage drop within the machine at a load current of
200 A is
A. 1 V
B. 10 V
C. 100 V
D. 1,000 V
Regulation of an alternator supplying resistive or inductive load is
A. always positive.
B. always negative
C. either of the above or zero
D. none of the above

A leading pf load on an alternator implies that its voltage regulation shall be

A. positive
B. negative
C. zero
D. any one of these
The effect of leading power factor on the voltage regulation of an alternator is
A. increasing in nature
B. decreasing in nature
C. maintained at constant value
D. oscillating in nature
Which of the following operating aspects necessitate the computation of
regulation of an alternator?
1. When load is thrown off
2. For designing of an automatic voltage-control equipment
3. For determination of steady-state and transient stability
4. For parallel operation of alternators.
A. 1, 2 and 3 only B. 1, 2 and 4 only
C. 1, 3 and 4 only D. 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
The leakage reactance of a three-phase alternator is determined by performing
A. open-circuit and zero power factor tests.
B. zero power factor and slip tests
C. open- and short-circuit tests
D. short-circuit and slip tests
The 'synchronous impedance method or trading the voltage regulation of a
cylindrical rotor alternator is generally considered as
A. a pessimistic method because saturation is not considered
B. an optimistic method because saturation is not considered
C. a fairly accurate method even if power factor is not taken into
account while determining synchronous impedance
D. a fairly accurate method when power factor is taken into account
while determining synchronous impedance
The regulation obtained by synchronous impedance method is always higher
than actual value because
A. synchronous reactance is assumed variable while it is not
B. effective armature resistance is assumed constant
C. synchronous reactance is assumed constant while it is not
D. field current is increased to give short-circuit current about twice of full-
load current

The short-circuit characteristic of an alternator is

A. always linear
B. always nonlinear
C. either of A. or B
D. none of these
Under short-circuit conditions, the power factor of an alternator is
A. unity
B. almost zero lagging
C. almost zero leading
D. none of the above
The zero power factor characteristic for the Potier diagram can be obtained by
loading the alternator using
A. lamp load
B. synchronous motor
C. water load
D. dc motor
 To draw zero power factor full load voltage characteristics, the
machine is to be run on synchronous speed and delivering full-load
current at zero pf. For this, the alternator is to be loaded with (i)
pure inductive load operated at zero pf lagging or using an under
excited synchronous motor operated at zero pf (lagging).
Modern alternators are designed to have poor regulation as it
 A. increases the value of short-circuit current
B. limits the value of short-circuit current
C. increases the efficiency of operation
D. both A. and C

Armature reaction mmf and leakage reactance of a synchronous machine are

determined by
A. open-circuit and short-circuit tests
B. open-circuit and zero pf tests
C. open-circuit test only
D. zero pf test only
Consider the following
1. EMF 2. Reversal
3. MMF 4. Direct
Which methods among these are for the determination of voltage regulation
of an alternator?
A. 1, 2, 3 and 4
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1 and 3 only
Consider the following:
1. LPF method 2. EMF method
3. ZPF method 4. MMF method
Which of the above methods are correct for determination of voltage
regulation of an alternator?
A. 1, 2 and 3
B. 2, 3 and 4
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 3 and 4 only
Which one of the following methods would give higher than actual value of
regulation of an alternator?
 A. ZPF method
B. MMF method
C. EMF method
D. ASA method
Which one of the following methods gives more accurate result for
determination of voltage regulation of an alternator?
A. MMF method
B. Synchronous impedance method
C. Potier triangle method
D. American Institution Standard Method

The four methods of calculation of voltage regulation of a 3-phase alternator

are
1. EMF method
2. Saturated synchronous reactance method
3. New ASA method
4. MMF method.

The correct sequence of the ascending order of the values of regulation

obtained by these methods is
A. 3, 4, 2, 1 B. 4, 3, 1, 2
C. 3, 4, 1, 2 D. 4, 3, 2, 1
A synchronous motor is operated from a bus voltage of 1.0 pu and is drawing
1.0 pu zero power factor leading current. Its synchronous reactance is 0.5 pu.
What is the excitation emf of the motor?
A. 2.0
B. 1.5
C. 1.0
D. 0.5
The relative speed between the magnetic fields of stator and rotor
under steady state operation is zero for
A. a dc machine
B. an induction machine
C. a synchronous machine
D. all the above machines
A 10 pole, 25 Hz alternator is directly coupled to and is driven by 60 Hz
synchronous motor. What is the number of poles for the synchronous motor?
A. 48
B. 12
C. 24
D. 16
Synchronous condenser means
A. a synchronous motor with capacitor connected across terminals
to improve pf
B. a synchronous motor operating at full load with leading pf
C. an overexcited synchronous motor partially supplying mechanical
load, and also improving pf of the system to which it is connected
D. an overexcited synchronous motor operating at no load with
leading pf used in large power stations for improvement of pf
Which of the following devices can be used as a phase advancer ?
A. 3-phase induction motor squirrel cage type
B. 3-phase induction motor slip-ring type
C. Synchronous motor working at leading power factor
D. Synchronous motor working at lagging power factor

Synchronous condensers, when operated at power factor ranging from

lagging through unity to leading for voltage control, are called the
A. voltage boosters
B. synchronous reactors
C. mechanical synchronizer
D. none of the above
The power factor of a synchronous motor
A. improves with increase in excitation and may even become leading at
higher excitation
B. decreases with increase in excitation
C. is independent of excitation
D. increases with loading for a given Excitation
A 3-phase induction motor draws 1,000 kVA at a pf of 0.8 lag. A synchronous
condenser is connected in parallel to draw an additional 750 kVA at a power
factor of 0.6 lead. The pf of the total load supplied by the mains is
A. unity
B. 0.707 lead
C. 0.6 lag
D. zero
An induction motor and synchronous motor are connected to a common
feeder line. To operate the feeder line at unity pf, the synchronous motor
should be
A. unexcited
B. overexcited
 C. Normally excited
D. Disconnected from the common Terminals
It is desirable to eliminate 5th harmonic voltage from the phase voltage of an
alternator. The coil should be short pitched by an electrical angle of
A. 300
B. 360
C. 720
D. 180

V-Curve, Inverted V-Curve, Parallel Operation of

Alternators
A synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus is supplying electrical
power at unity power factor to the bus. If the field current is increased
A. Both the active and reactive power output of the machine will remain
unchanged.
B. The active power of the machine will remain unchanged but the
machine will also supply lagging reactive power
C. The active power output of the machine will increase and the machine
will draw leading reactive power from the bus.
D. The active power output of the machine will remain unchanged but the
machine will also supply leading reactive power

If the excitation of a 3-phase alternator operating on infinite bus bars is

changed, which one of the following shall alter?
A. Active power of machine.
B. Reactive power of machine.
C. Terminal voltage of machine.
D. Frequency of machine
A 3-phase synchronous generator with constant steam input supplies power to
an infinite bus at a lagging power factor. If the excitation is increased
A. both power angle and power factor decrease.
B. both power angle and power factor increase.
C. the power angle decreases while power factor increases.
D. the power angle increases while power factor decreases
If a synchronous motor is running at a leading power factor, its excitation
induced voltage (Ef) is
A. Equal to terminal voltage Vt
B. Higher than the terminal voltage Vt
C. Less than terminal voltage Vt
 D. dependent upon supply voltage Vt
Variation in dc excitation of a synchronous motor causes variation in
A. speed of motor
B. power factor
C. armature current
D. both armature current and power factor

In synchronous motor, ‘V’ curves present the variation of

A. armature current with excitation (field).
B. armature current with maximum power developed.
C. field excitation with stalling torque.
D. field excitation with minimum power developed

For V-curves for a synchronous motor the graph is drawn between

A. terminal voltage and load factor
B. power factor and field current
C. field current and armature current
D. armature current and power factor
In the ‘V’ curve shown in the figure for a synchronous motor, the parameter of
x and y coordinates are, respectively

A. armature current and field current.

B. power factor and filed current.
C. armature current and torque.
D. torque and field current
An inverted V-curve of synchronous motor shows the variation of
A. Power factor and dc excitation at constant load.
B. Supply voltage and field current at constant excitation.
C. Power factor and supply voltage during hunting.
D. Supply voltage and excitation current at constant load
A synchronous motor, connected to an infinite bus, is working at a
leading power factor. Its excitation emf Ef and terminal voltage Vf are
related as under
A. Ef > Vt and Ef lags Vt
B. Ef < Vt and Ef lags Vt
C. Ef > Vt and Ef leads Vt
D. Ef < Vt and Ef leads Vt
If the field of a synchronous motor is under excited, the power factor will be
A. lagging
B. leading
C. unity
D. more than unity
A synchronous motor is operating on no load at unity power factor. If the field
current is increased, the power factor will become
A. leading and the current will decrease.
B. lagging and the current will increase
C. lagging and the current will decrease
D. leading and the current will increase
A 3-phase synchronous motor is operating at a given load. If an increase in
excitation reduces the armature current. it can be concluded that the motor is
A. Operating at lagging power factor and absorbing reactive power from
the mains.
B. operating at leading power factor and delivering reactive power to the
mains.
C. either (a) or (b).
D. none of these
A synchronous motor installed at the end of a transmission line is operating at
lagging power factor. With the fall in supply voltage, the power factor of the
synchronous motor will
A. Go down.
B. Improve.
C. Remain unchanged.
D. None of these
A synchronous motor operates at 0.8 pf lagging. If the field current of the
motor is continuously increased
 A. the power factor decreases upto a certain value of the field current and
there-after it increases.
B. the armature current increases upto a certain value of the field current
and thereafter it decreases.
C. the power factor increases upto a certain value of field current and
thereafter it decreases.
D. the armature current decreases upto a certain value of field current and
there after it increases.
E. both (c) and (d)

A synchronous motor will deliver maximum power when

A. Load angle is equal to internal angle θ.
B. input power factor is unity
C. load angle is 45°
D. load angle is 0°
A synchronous motor with negligible armature resistance runs at a load angle
of 20° at the rated frequency. If supply frequency is increased by 10%, keeping
other parameters constant, the new load angle will be
A. 16°
B. 18°
C. 20°
D. 22°
The power developed by a synchronous motor for constant supply voltage and
constant excitation will be maximum when load angle δ is
A. 90°
B. 0°
C. slightly less than 90°
D. slightly more than 90°
The maximum power delivered by 1,500 kW, 3-phase, star-connected, 4 kV, 48
pole, 50 Hz synchronous motor, with synchronous reactance of 4Ω per phase
and unity power factor is
A. 4,271.2 kW
B. 3,505 kW
C. 1,206.1 kW
D. 2,078 kW
The alternators are operated in parallel because it
A. increases the reliability or supply.
B. makes the repairing economical and convenient,
C. Is easy to install an additional unit as and when required.
 D. All of the above
Which one of the following is not a necessary condition to be satisfied for
synchronizing an incoming alternator to an already operating alternator?
a. Same voltage magnitude.
b. Same frequency.
c. Same prime mover speed.
d. Same phase sequence

Which of the following conditions are to be satisfied for proper

synchronization of alternators?
1. Equal terminal voltage.
2. Same frequency.
3. Same phase sequence.
4. Same kVA rating.
5. Same phase displacement
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. 1, 3 and 4 only. B. 1,2,4 and5 only
C. 2, 3, 4 and 5 only. D. 1,2,3 and5 only
Which of the following methods used for synchronizing of 3-phase
synchronous generators is considered best one?
A. Three dark lamp method.
B. two-bright and one dark lamp method.
C. Synchroscope
D. none of these
While synchronizing a 3-phase alternator to the bus-bar the paralleling switch
should be closed
A. just before the pointer reaches the vertical position when moving in the
fast direction.
B. just after the pointer passes the vertical position when moving in the
fast direction.
C. When pointer indicates fast position.
D. When pointer indicates slow position
The two-bright and one dark lamp method is used for
A. determination of phase sequence.
B. Synchronizing of 3-phase alternators.
C. Synchronizing of single-phase alternators.
D. transfer of load
Desirable feature for successful parallel operation of two alternators is that
both should have
A. same resistance.
B. same reactance.
C. high reactance in comparison to resistance.
D. low reactance in comparison to resistance

Two alternators are operating in parallel. For taking one of the alternators out
from the system
A. load shared by this alternator is transferred to the other by adjusting the
power fed to the prime mover before opening OCB.
B. power fed to the prime-mover is stopped.
C. OCB is switched off.
D. load connected to the bus-bar is reduced
Synchronising current means
A. the total current supplied to the load by the alternators operating in
parallel.
B. the current supplied by the synchronous generator.
C. the current circulating in the local circuit of two alternators operating in
parallel which brings the alternators in synchronism once they are out of
it.
D. none of the above
If the voltage of one of the two machines operating in parallel suddenly falls
A. both the machines will stop.
B. the machine whose voltage has suddenly decreased. will stop.
C. the synchronous torque will come into operation to restore synchronism.
D. none of the above
Synchronising torque will come into operation whenever
A. there is a difference in the magnitude of voltages.
B. there is a phase difference in the voltages.
C. there is a frequency difference between the two voltages.
D. in all of the above cases
 Starting, Hunting & Different Torques in
Synchronous Motors

In the measurement of Xd, Xq (in ohms), following data are obtained by the
slip test on a salient pole machine Id max = 10 A Id min = 6.5 A Vd max = 30 V
Vd min = 25 V. Which one of the following correct?
A. Xd = 3Ω, Xq = 3.83 Ω
B. Xd = 4.615Ω, Xq = 2.5 Ω
C. Xd = 3Ω, Xq = 2.5 Ω
D. Xd = 4.61Ω, Xq = 3.86 Ω
Which one of the following statements is not correct in respect of synchronous
machines?
A. In salient pole machines, the direct-axis synchronous reactance is
greater than the quadrature axis synchronous reactance
B. The damper bars help the motor to self start
C. Short-circuit ratio is the ratio of field current required to produce the
rated voltage on open circuit to the rated armature current
D. The V-curve of a synchronous motor represents the variation in
armature current with field excitation at a given output power

Slip test is performed to determine

A. slip
B. direct-axis reactance and quadrature axis reactance
C. positive-sequence reactance and negative sequence reactance
D. sub-transient reactance
For maximum current during slip test on a synchronous machine, the armature
mmf aligns along
A. d-axis
B. q-axis
C. 45° to d-axis
D. 45° to q-axis
In which one of the following is reluctance power developed?
A. Salient pole alternator
B. Non-salient pole alternator
C. Squirrel cage induction motor
D. Transformer

In a salient pole synchronous motor, the developed reluctance torque attains

the maximum value when the load angle in electrical degree is
A. 0
B. 45°
C. 60°
D. 90°
Which is the value of load angle when the power output of a salient pole
synchronous generator is maximum?
A. 0°
B. 45°
C. 90°
D. none of the above
Higher synchronous reactance is preferred in the present day alternators,
because one can have
A. reduced sub transient current
B. reduced harmonic currents
C. reduced transient currents
D. higher voltage regulation with load
When a 3-phase alternator is suddenly short-circuited at its terminals, the
initial value of short-circuit current is limited by which one of the following
 A. Su btransient reactance X”d
B. Transient reactance X’d.
C. Synchronous reactance Xs.
D. Sum of X”d, X’d and Xs
An alternator with higher value of SCR has
A. poor voltage regulation and lower stability limit
B. better voltage regulation and higher stability limit
C. poor voltage regulation and higher stability limit
D. better voltage regulation and low stability limit
X”d, X’d and Xs are steady – state d-axis synchronous reactance, transient d-axis
reactance and sub transient d-axis reactance of a synchronous machine
respectively. Which of the following statement is true?
A. Xd > X’d > X”d
B. X”d > X’d > Xd
C. X’d > X”d > Xd
D. Xd > X”d > X’d
Stability of a synchronous motor ________ with the increase in excitation
A. increase
B. decrease
C. remains unaffected
D. None of the above
A 12-pole, 440 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase synchronous motor takes a line current of 100
A at 0.8 pf leading neglecting losses, the torque developed will be
A. 705 Nm
B. 1058 Nm
C. 1165 Nm
D. 525 Nm

Which of the following graphs represents the speed-torque characteristic of a

synchronous motor
The phenomenon of oscillation of the rotor of a synchronous motor about its
equilibrium position corresponding to new load or sudden throwing off or
increasing of load is called the
A. swinging
B. crawling
C. hunting
D. none of these
A 3-phase synchronous motor hunts due to
A. fluctuating load
B. fluctuating supply voltage
C. excessive field current
D. Either A or B
In a synchronous motor hunting can be reduced to minimum possible by
A. providing- damper winding in the rotor pole faces
B. using a flywheel
C. designing the motor for adequate synchronizing power
D. any of the above methods
In a synchronous machine, damper windings are used to
A. help in starting as a motor
B. run it as an induction motor
C. help in starting as a motor and to reduce hunting
D. increase efficiency

During hunting of synchronous motor

A. negative phase sequence currents are generated
B. harmonics are developed in the armature circuit
 C. damper bar develops torque
D. field excitation increases
When a synchronous motor is running at synchronous speed, the damper
winding produces
A. damping torque
B. eddy current torque
C. torque aiding the developed torque
D. no torque
In a synchronous machine, hunting is predominantly damped by
A. mechanical losses in the rotor
B. iron losses in the rotor
C. copper losses in the stator
D. copper losses in the rotor
When the rotor speed, in a synchronous machine, becomes more than the
synchronous speed during hunting, the damper bars develop
A. induction motor torque
B. induction generator torque
C. synchronous motor torque
D. dc motor torque
The synchronous motor can be started by
A. providing damper winding in its rotor circuit
B. coupling it with a dc compound motor
C. coupling it with a small ac induction motor called the pony motor
D. any of the above methods
When a synchronous motor is started, the field winding is energized
A. in the very beginning
B. when the motor attains a speed slightly less than the synchronous speed
C. after the motor has attained the synchronous speed and synchronized
D. any time
A 3-phase synchronous motor provided with damper winding is started as a 3-
phase
A. synchronous motor
B. synchronous alternator
C. induction motor
D. induction generator
A cylindrical rotor synchronous motor is switched on to the dc supply with its
field windings shorted on themselves. It will
 A. not start
B. start but not run at synchronous speed
C. start as an induction motor and then run as a synchronous motor
D. start and run as a synchronous motor
If the field winding of a synchronous motor is short circuited and the motor
stator is connected to 3-phase ac supply through an auto-transformer, the
motor will
A. start and run as a 3-phase induction motor.
B. crawl
C. hunt D. not start
D. start and run as a 3-phase synchronous motor

While starting a synchronous motor its field winding should be

A. kept open
B. short circuited
C. connected to a dc source
D. none of the above
When a salient pole 3-phase synchronous motor is started by induction motor
action and its field is connected across a field discharge resistance, starting
torque is developed by
A. reluctance torque due to saliency of the rotor
B. eddy current and hysteresis torque in pole faces
C. induction motor torque in field and damper windings
D. all of the above
Which of the following methods is employed for starting a 3-phase
synchronous motor ?
A. Star-delta starter
B. Damper winding
C. Resistance starter in the stator circuit
D. Damper winding in conjunction with a star-delta starter or an auto-
transformer starter
While starting a 3-phase synchronous motor by induction motor action, very
high emf is induced in the field winding. The damage to the insulation of field
winding and slip-rings can be avoided by
A. splitting the field winding in several sections
B. short circuiting the field winding through field discharge resistance
C. either (a) or (b)
D. none of these
Synchronous motors are inherently not self-starting motors as
 A. the direction of instantaneous torque on the rotor reverses after each
half cycle
B. there is no slip
C. the stator does not produce revolving magnetic field
D. it has no starting winding
Electrical machines (ac) should have proper in order to limit the operating
temperature.
A. voltage rating
B. current rating
C. speed
D. kW rating
During short-circuit test on a synchronous motor is/are short circuited
A. armature terminals
B. field terminals
C. all stator phase windings
D. one of the stator phase winding
A synchronous motor may fail to pull into synchronism owing to
A. excessive load
B. low excitation
C. high friction
D. any of these
Which of the following is not the advantage of a synchronous motor
A. High operation efficiency
B. Operation over a wide range of power factor—from lagging to leading
C. It can always be adjusted to operate at unity power for optimum efficiency and
economy
D. Its rotor has 2 slip-rings
Which of the following is not the disadvantage of a synchronous motor?
A. Its torque is less sensitive to variations in supply voltage
B. DC excitation is required
C. It has tendency to hunt
D. Its starting under load is not possible
Which of the following synchronous motors has cost comparable to that of an induction
motor ?
A. High kW output high speed
B. High kW output low speed
C. Low kW output low speed
D. Low kW output high speed
Construction, Working Windings of Transformers
The working principle of transformer depends on
A. coulombs law
B. faradays law
C. amperes law
D. to decrease the air gap flux density
➢ Transformer: Transformer is a static device which transforms electrical
energy from one electrical coil to another through the magnetic field, at
one voltage and current level to another voltage and current level without
changing its frequency, nature of power and power handling capabilities.
➢ Transformer works on the principle of Faraday’s Law of
Electromagnetic Induction Principle.

Transformer
A. Changes AC to DC
B. Changes DC to AC
C. Steps up or down DC voltages and current
D. Steps up or down AC voltages and Current
Which of the following is not a part of transformer?
A. Commutator
B. Conservator tank
C. Radiator
D. Tap changer
➢ A conservator tank of transformer provides adequate space to this
expanded transformer oil. It also acts as a reservoir for transformer
insulating oil.
➢ Radiator is a bank of hollow pipe line which is used to transfer the
thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling. It
is used at the power transformer for cooling the transformer oil as well as
reduces the winding temperature under loading condition
➢ The purpose of a tap changer is to regulate the output voltage of a
transformer. It does this by altering the number of turns in one winding
and thereby changing the turns ratio of the transformer. There are two
types of transformer tap changers: an on-load tap changer (OLTC) and a
deenergised tap changer (DETC).

The no load current in a transformer is

A. Sinusoidal
 B. Non Sinusoidal
C. Trapezoidal
D. Stepped
 If there is no load then due to excessive mmf, flux will be getting
saturated. So, waveform is non-sinusoidal.
The purpose of the conservator in transformer is
A. to cool the winding
B. to prevent moisture in the transformer
C. to prevent short circuit of primary and secondary winding
D. to take up contraction and expansion of oil
If a 500 KVA, 200 Hz transformer is operated at 50 Hz, its KVA rating will be
A. 2000 KVA
B. 125 KVA
C. 250 KVA
D. 1000 KVA
The power factor at which transformer operates:
A. Is unity
B. is 0.8 lag
C. is 0.8 lead
D. Depends upon the power factor the Load
Which of the following will improve the mutual coupling between primary and
secondary circuit?
A. Transformer oil of high break down voltage
B. High reluctance magnetic core
C. Winding material of high resistivity
D. Low reluctance magnetic core
➢ Transformer Oil is used in transformers for insulation as well as
cooling purpose.
➢ Low reluctance magnetic core is used for providing low reluctance
path for magnetic flux which improves the mutual coupling between
primary and secondary circuit.

If the frequency of input voltage of a transformer is increased keeping the

magnitude of the voltage unchanged, then
A. both hysteresis loss and eddy current loss in the core will increase
B. hysteresis loss will decrease
C. hysteresis loss will decrease but eddy current loss will remain unchanged
D. hysteresis loss will decrease but eddy current loss will increase
A 10 Ω resistive load is to be impedance matched by a transformer to a source with 6250 Ω
internal resistance. The ratio of primary to secondary turns of transformer should be:
 A. 25
B. 10
C. 15
D. 20
Low voltage windings are placed nearer to the core in the case of concentric windings
because
A. it reduces hysteresis loss
B. it reduces eddy current loss
C. it reduces insulation requirement
D. it reduces leakage fluxes

The primary and secondary winding of a transformer are wound on the top
each other in order to reduce _____ ?
A. Iron losses
B. leakage losses
C. copper losses
D. winding resistance
Stepped core is used in transformer in order to reduce
A. volume of iron
A. B volume of copper
B. iron loss
C. reluctance of core

If the AC supply to transformer is replaced by DC _____ .

A. the primary winding will burn
 B. the secondary winding will burn
C. the transformer has no effect
D. All options are correct
For a 100% efficient transformer, the primary winding has 1000 turns and the
secondary 100 turns. If the power input top the above transformer is 1000
watts, the power output ______ .
A. 1000 watts
B. 100 watts
C. 10 watts
D. 10 kW
What is the efficiency of transformer compared with that of electrical
motors of the same power?
A. Much smaller
B. Somewhat smaller
C. About same
D. Much higher
Which of the following transformer is smallest?
A. 1kVA, 50 Hz
B. 1 kVA, 200 Hz
C. 1 kVA, 400 Hz
D. 1 kVA, 600 Hz
➢ Higher the applied frequency of the transformer, smaller will be the
size.
In relation to a transformer the ratio 20 : 1 indicates that ______ .
A. There are 20 turns on primary and one turns on secondary
B. Secondary voltage is 1/20th of primary voltage
C. Primary current is 20 times greater than secondary current
D. For every 20 turns on primary, there is one turn on secondary
The main purpose of using core in a transformer is to ____
A. Decrease iron losses
B. Prevent eddy current loss
C. Eliminate magnetic hysteresis
D. Decrease reluctance of the common

Compered to the secondary of a loaded step-up transformer, the primary has

_____ .
A. lower voltage and higher current
 B. higher voltage and lower current
C. lower voltage and lower current
D. higher voltage and higher current
When a 400-Hz transformer is operated at 50 Hz, its kVA rating is _____ .
A. reduced to 1/8
B. increased 8 times
C. unaffected
D. determined by load on secondary
The advantaged of putting tappings at the phase ends of a transformer is to
obtain fine variation of voltage
A. to operate with case
B. to reduce the number of bushings
C. to obtain better regulation
➢ If the tappings are provided at phase ends of transformer, the number
of bushing insulators is reduced.
In a power transformer, the breather is provided in order to ______ .
A. filter transformer oil
B. prevent ingress of moisture with air
C. the cooling oil
D. provide fresh air for increasing cooling effect
➢ Breather is provided in order to prevent ingress of moisture with air.

In a transformer the resistance between its primary and secondary is

A. zero
B. 1 ohm
C. 1000 ohms
D. infinite
Tappings of a transformer are provided
A. at the phase end of LV side
B. at the phase end of HV side
C. at the neutral side end of HV side
D. at the middle of HV side
➢ The tapping on the middle of high voltage side provides magnetic
symmetry.
A single phase 50 Hz transformer has high voltage and low voltage windings
of 2200/220 V. What is the transformation ratio?
A. 10
 B. 1/10
C. 1
D. None of these
An Isolation transformer has primary to secondary turns ratio of
A. 1 : 2
B. 2 : 1
C. 1 : 1
D. Can be any ratio
Input of a transformer is square wave, then the output will be _____ .
A. pulsed wave
B. square wave
C. triangular wave
D. sine wave
In case of core type transformer which type of winding is done near the core
A. low voltage
B. high voltage
C. primary winding
D. secondary winding
In case of core type transformer which type of winding is done near the core
A. low voltage
B. high voltage
C. primary winding
D. secondary winding
The core flux in transformer depends mainly on
A. Supply voltage
B. Supply voltage, Frequency and Load
C. Supply voltage and load
D. Supply voltage and frequency
In a transformer, electrical power is transferred from primary to secondary
A. through air
B. by magnetic flux
C. through insulating medium
D. none of these
The flux created by the current flowing through the primary winding induces
emf in
A. primary winding only
 B. secondary winding only
C. transformer core only
D. both primary and secondary windings
The primary and secondary windings of power transformer always have
A. a common magnetic circuit
B. separate magnetic circuits
C. wire of same size
D. same number of turns
The iron core in transformer provides a _____ path the main flux.
A. low reluctance
B. high reluctance
C. low resistance
D. high conductivity
Which of the following would refer to an ideal transformer?
1. Winding resistance are negligible.
2. Leakage-fluxes are included
3. Core losses are negligible
4. Magnetization characteristic is linear
A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 1, 3 and 4 only
C. 1, 2 and 4 only
D. 2, 3 and 4 only
The applied voltage of a certain transformer is increases by 75%; while the
frequency of the applied voltage is reduced by 25%. The maximum core
flux density will:
A. increase by seven times
B. increase by three times
C. reduce to one quarter
D. remain the same
A 250 kVA, 11,00 V/400 V and 50 Hz single-phase transformer has 80 turns
on the secondary, what is the maximum value of flux?
A. 2475 mWb
B. 0.2 mWb
C. 22.5 mwb
D. 55.2 mWb

Insulation, Cooling, OC & SC Test, Polarity & Sumpner’s

Test of Transformers
In the transformer circuit model, the core loss is represented as a
a) Series resistance
b) Series inductance
c) Shunt resistance
d) Shunt inductance

Open-circuit test in a transformer is performed with

a) Rated transformer voltage
b) Rated transformer current
c) Direct current
d) High frequency supply
➢ Open Circuit Test is carried out at rated voltage and frequency to
determine the core loss.
Cores of large power transformers are made from which of the following?
a) Hot-rolled steel
b) Cold-rolled Non-grain Oriented Steel
c) Cold-rolled Grain Oriented Steel
d) Ferrite
➢ CRGO has large value of Magnetic Flux density and low reluctance.
Hence, it reduces the hysteresis loss.
The function of oil in a transformer is
a) To provide insulation and cooling
b) To provide protection against lightning
c) To provide protection against short-circuit
d) To provide lubrication
A Buchholz relay is used for
a) Protection of transformer against all internal faults
b) Protection of a transformer against external faults
c) Protection of transformers against both internal and external faults
 d) Protection of Induction Motors
The high frequency hum in the transformer is mainly due to
a) Laminations being not sufficiently tight
b) Magnetostriction
c) Oil of the transformer
d) Tank walls
➢ When ferromagnetic materials are subjected to magnetizing mmf,
these undergo small changes in dimensions. The lengthwise change is
of the order of 10-5 m and is accompanied by transverse changes of
the opposite sign. These changes are caused by magnetostriction.

During short-circuit test, iron losses are negligible because

a) The current on secondary side is negligible
b) The voltage on secondary side is not vary
c) The voltage applied on primary side is low
d) Full-load current is not supplied to the transformer
➢ Since the voltage required to circulate full load current on short-circuit,
would be low as 5-10% of the rated voltage. The iron loss may be
ignored and the no-load current may also be neglected.

In case of power transformer, the no-load current in terms of rated current is

a) 10 to 20%
b) 2 to 6%
c) 15 to 30%
d) 30 to 50%
The equivalent circuit of a transformer has the leakage reactances X1, X2 and the
magnetizing reactance Xm. What is the relationship between their magnitude?
a) X1 >> X2 >> Xm
b) X1 << X2 << Xm
c) X1 ≈ X2 >> Xm
d) X1 ≈ X2 << Xm

In an actual transformer the iron loss remains practically constant from no-load
to full-load because
a) Value of transformation ratio remains constant
b) Permeability of transformer are remains constant
c) Core flux remains practically constant
d) Primary voltage remains constant
The no-load input power to a transformer is practically equal to ______ loss in
the transformer.
 a) Windage
b) Eddy Current
c) Copper
d) Iron
When the secondary of a transformer is loaded, the current in the primary side
will
a) Be the same of no-load current and excess current drawn due to the
secondary current
b) Not be affected
c) Increase
d) Decrease
The low voltage winding of a 400 / 230 V single phase 50 Hz transformer is to
be connected to a 25 Hz supply. In order to keep the magnetizing current at the
same level in both the cases, the voltage at 25 Hz should be
a) 230 V
b) 460 V
c) 115 V
d) 65 V
The short circuit test in a transformer is used to determine _________
a) Iron loss at any load
b) Copper loss at any load
c) Hysteresis loss
d) Eddy Current loss
A single-phase transformer when supplied from 220 V, 50 Hz has eddy current
loss of 50 W. If the transformer is connected to a voltage of 330 V, 50 Hz, the
eddy current loss will be
a) 168.75W
b) 112.5W
c) 75 W
d) 50 W
1 kVA, 230 V, 50 Hz single phase transformer has an eddy-current loss of 30
W. The eddy current loss when the transformer is excited by a dc source of
same voltage will be
a) 30 W
b) More than 30W
c) Less than 30 W
d) Zero watts
The power factor of a power transformer on No-load will be about
a) unity
 b) 0.75
c) 0.5
d) 0.35
While conducting short-circuit test on a transformer, the following side is short-
circuited ______
a) HV side
b) LV side
c) Primary side
d) None of these
The inductive reactance of a transformer depends on
a) Electromotive force
b) Magnetomotive force
c) Magnetic flux
d) Leakage flux
The heat generated in the transformer is dissipated mainly by

a) Conduction
b) Radiation
c) Convection
d) All options are correct

Consider the circuit shown in the given figure. For maximum power transfer to
the load, the primary to secondary turn ratio must be
a) 9 : 1
b) 3 : 1
c) 1 : 3
d) 1 : 9
A 4 kVA, 400/200 V single-phase transformer has resistance of 0.02 pu and
reactance of 0.06 pu. Its actual resistance and reactance referred to high voltage
side are respectively
a) 0.2 Ω and 0.6 Ω
b) 0.8 Ω and 2.4 Ω
 c) 0.08 Ω and 0.24 Ω
d) 2 Ω and 6 Ω
If the percentage resistance of a power transformer for secondary side is 2.5%
and turn ratio is 1 : 10, the percentage secondary resistance referred to primary
will be
a) 25
b) 2.5
c) 0.25
d) 0.025
In a 3-phase 5 kV, 5 MVA transformer, what is the base impedance?
a) 5 Ω
b) 50 Ω
c) 500 Ω
d) 0.52 Ω
The main purpose of performing open-circuit on a transformer is to measure its
a) Copper loss
b) Core loss
c) Total loss
d) Insulation resistance
Hysteresis loss in a transformer varies as (Bmax = maximum flux density)
a) Bmax
b) Bmax1.6
c) Bmax1.85
d) Bmax2.4

The transformer laminations are insulated from each other by

a) Mica strip
b) Thin coating of varnish
c) Paper
d) Any of the above
Which of the following property is not necessary desirable in the material for
transformer core?
a) Mechanical strength
b) Low hysteresis loss
c) High thermal conductivity
d) High permeability
Transformer cooling and insulation oil must be of
a) Low viscosity
 b) High viscosity
c) Low BDV
d) Low resistivity
The chemical used in breather is
a) Asbestos Fiber
b) Silica Sand
c) Sodium Chloride
d) Silica Gel
➢ Silica gel is used in breather transformers for controlling the level of
moisture and prevents it from entering the equipment.
The chemical used in breather form transformer should have the quality of
a) Ionizing air
b) Absorbing moisture
c) Cleansing the transformer oil
d) Cooling the transformer oil
The type of oil used in a transformer is
a) Olive
b) Coconut
c) Mineral
d) Palm

Match List-I with List-II with select the correct answer:

List-I List-II
A. Silica Gel 1. Bushing
B. Porcelain 2. Buchcholz Relay
C. Mercury 3. Tank
D. Fins 4. Breather
Codes: A B C D
a) 2 1 4 3
b) 4 3 2 1
c) 2 3 4 1
d) 4 1 2 3
On which of the following factors does hysteresis loss depends?
1. Flux density
2. Frequency
3. Thickness of lamination
4. Time
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) 2 and 3
b) 1 and 2
c) 3 and 4
d) 1 and 4
Sludge formation in transformer oil is due to which one of the following?
a) Ingress of duct particles and moisture in the oil
b) Appearance of small fragments of paper, varnish, cotton, and other
organic materials in the oil
c) Chemical reaction of transformer oil with the insulating materials
d) Oxidation of transformer oil
Consider the following tests:
1. Load test
2. Short circuit test
3. OC test
4. Retardation test
Which of the above test are to be conducted for the determination of voltage
regulation of a transformer?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 2 and 3
d) 3 and 4
At which condition of the transformer the equivalent circuit will be as shown in
the below figure?
a) Under short circuit
b) Under open circuit
c) Under no-load
d) Under rated load

At which condition of the transformer the equivalent circuit will be as shown

below ?
a) Under short circuit
b) Under open circuit
c) Under no-load
 d) Under rated load
A single-phase two winding transformer is designed to operate at 400/200 V, 50
Hz. If the HV side is now energized from a 400 V, 40 Hz source, the no-load
LV side voltage would be
a) 300 V
b) 250 V
c) 200 V
d) 150 V
To conduct Sumpner’s test on transformer :
(a) Only one transformer is sufficient
(b) Two identical transformers are needed
(c) Two un-identical transformers are needed
(d) At least three transformers are necessary
Open circuit test and short Circuit test does not determines:
1. Parameters of equivalent circuit
2. Constant losses
3. Voltage regulation
4. Efficiency
INCORRECT amongst the given is/are :
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(b) Only 1
(c) Only 3
(d) Nonelation, Losses & Efficiency, Autotransformers
A transformer has maximum efficiency at full load, when iron losses are 800 W.
Copper losses at half load will be
a) 1600W
b) 800W
c) 400W
d) 200W
A 100 / 10 V, 50 VA transformer is converted to 100 / 110 V autotransformer, the
rating of the autotransformer will be
a) 550 VA
b) 500 VA
c) 110 VA
d) 100 VA
If copper loss of transformer at 7/8th full load is 4900 W, then its full load copper loss
would be
a) 5600W
b) 6400W
c) 373W
d) 429W
The efficiency of a 100 kVA transformer is 0.98 at full as well as half load. For this
transformer at full load, the copper loss
a) Is less than core loss
b) Is equal to core loss
c) Is more than core loss
d) All of the above
A 2 kVA transformer has iron loss of 150 W and full load copper loss of 250 W.
The maximum efficiency of the transformer will occur when the total loss is
a) 500W
b) 400W
c) 300W
d) 275W
A 100 kVA single phase transformer exhibits maximum efficiency at 80% of
full load and the total loss in the transformer under this condition is 1000 W.
The ohmic losses at full load will be
a) 781.25W
b) 1250W
c) 1562.5W
d) 12500W
An autotransformer used with a sodium vapour lamp should have high
a) Transformation ratio
b) Winding resistance
c) Leakage reactance of windings
d) VA rating
➢ In order to protect the device from heavy current, we need to
introduce a bearing in current path, which can either be a resistance or
inductance. Since, resistance causes high active power loss so we use
high inductance autotransformer.
➢ Due to high inductance, high leakage reactance becomes high

In an autotransformer, the number of turns in primary winding is 210 and in

secondary winding is 140. If the input current is 60 A, the current in output and
in common winding are respectively
a) 90 A, 150 A
b) 40 A, 20 A
 c) 40 A, 100 A
d) 90 A, 30 A
In an autotransformer of voltage ratio 𝑽𝟏/𝑽𝟐 , V1 > V2, the fraction of
power transferred inductively is proportional to
a) V1 / (V1 + V2)
b) V2 / V1
c) (V1 – V2) (V1 + V2)
d) (V1 – V2) / V1
The Voltage Regulation of a transformer having copper loss 1% of output and
percentage reactance drop of 5% and power factor 0.9 lagging is ______.
a) 3.08%
b) 3%
c) - 3.08%
d) 3.8%
A transformer has a core loss of 64 W and copper loss of 144 W, when it is
carrying 20% overload current. The load at which this transformer will operate
at the maximum efficiency ______.
a) 80%
b) 66%
c) 120%
d) 44%
Under heavy loads, transformer efficiency is comparatively low because
________.
a) Voltage drop both in primary and secondary becomes large
b) Secondary output is much less as compared to primary input
c) Copper loss becomes high in proportion to the output
d) Iron loss increased considerably
The ordinary efficiency of a given transformer is maximum when _____.
a) It runs at half full load
b) It runs at full load
c) Its copper loss equals iron loss
d) It runs overload
A single phase transformer is connected as shown in below figure. When a
voltage of 100 V (rms) was applied across AB, the voltmeter connected across
AC measured 100 V (rms). The turns ratio N1 : N2 is
a) 1 : 2
b) 2 : 1
c) 1 : 4
d) 4 : 1
What is load at which maximum efficiency occurs in case of a 100 kVA
transformer with iron loss of 1 kW and full load copper loss of 2 kW?
a) 100 kVA
b) 70.7 kVA
c) 50.5 kVA
d) 25.2 kVA
The all day efficiency of a distribution transformer will be high with low
_______
a) Copper losses
b) Iron losses
c) Operating temperature
d) Copper as well as iron loss
An air gap is usually inserted in magnetic circuits so as to ________
a) Prevent saturation
b) Increase mmf
c) Increase flux
d) Increase in inductance
The all day efficiency of a transformer depends primarily on ____
a) Its copper losses
b) The amount of load
c) The duration of load
d) Both the amount and duration of load

In a transformer, zero voltage regulation is achieved at a load power factor

which is
a) Zero
b) Leading
c) Lagging
d) Unity
In an autotransformer, a part of energy transfer is through
a) Convection process
b) Conduction process
c) Induction process
 d) Radiation process
Which is the only transformer whose primary and secondary are connected to
each other electrically?
a) Shielded Winding transformer
b) Insulating transformer
c) Autotransformer
d) Isolating transformer
 Voltage regulation of a transformer is given by

A 10 kVA autotransformer, turn ratio is 0.4. find the power transferred

inductively
a) 4 kVA
b) 6 kVA
c) 10 kVA
d) 0 kVA
The primary and secondary windings of an autotransformers are
a) Magnetically coupled
b) Electrically coupled
c) Both magnetically and electrically coupled
d) None of these
A step-up transformer increases ______.
a) Power
b) Voltage
c) Frequency
d) Current
Secondary winding of an autotransformer is also called _____
a) Compensating winding
b) Common winding
c) Tertiary winding
d) Damping winding
The total core loss is also referred as
a) Eddy current loss
b) Hysteresis loss
c) Magnetic loss
d) Copper loss
The magnitude of the induced emf in the primary winding will be ______ but
opposite to the applied voltage.
a) Higher
b) Almost equal
c) Lower
d) Negligible
I2R loss or ohmic losses are also known as
a) Copper losses
b) Iron losses
c) Eddy current losses
d) Hysteresis losses

The hysteresis and eddy current loss of 1-phase transformer working on 200 V,
50 Hz supply are Ph and Pe respectively. The percentage decrease in these
losses when operated on 160 V, 40 Hz supply would respectively be
a) 32, 36
b) 20, 36
c) 25, 50
d) 40, 80
If P1 and P2 be the iron and copper losses of a transformer at full load and the
maximum efficiency is at 75% of the full load, then what is the ratio of P1 and P2?
a) 9/16
b) 10/16
c) 3/4
d) 3/16
Grain oriented laminated steel sheet in transformer reduces
a) Copper loss
b) Eddy current loss
c) Hysteresis loss
d) None of the above
A distribution transformer is selected on the basis of
a) Voltage regulation
b) Efficiency
c) All day efficiency
d) None of these
In an autotransformer, power is transformed through
a) Conduction process only
b) Induction process only
c) Both conduction and induction process
d) Mutual coupling
A single phase transformer has rating of 15 kVA, 600/120 V. It is reconnected
as an autotransformer to supply at 720 V from a 600 V primary source. The
maximum load it can supply is
a) 90 kVA
b) 18 kVA
c) 15 kVA
d) 12 kVA
An autotransformer having a transformation ratio of 0.8 supplies a load of 10
kW. The power transformed inductively from the primary to secondary is
 a) 10 kW
b) 8 kW
c) 2 kW
d) zero

It is advisable to use autotransformer if the transformation ratio is

a) Greater than 1
b) Near to 1
c) 0.25
d) 0.5
What is the efficiency of an autotransformer in comparison to that of a two winding
transformer of the same rating?
a) Slightly less than that of a two winding transformer
b) Same as that of a two winding transformer
c) More than that of a two winding transformer
d) As low as 1/5th of the efficiency of a two winding transformer
The maximum efficiency of a distribution transformer occurs at
a) No load
b) 50% of full load
c) 80% of full load
d) At full load
➢ Distribution transformer works almost at 70 – 80% of full load capacity practically
because of different habits of consumers.

Which of the following is the main advantage of an autotransformer over a two

winding transformer?
a) Hysteresis losses is reduced
b) Saving in winding material
c) Copper losses are negligible
d) Eddy losses are totally eliminated
A transformer has a percentage resistance of 2% and percentage reactance of 4%.
What are its regulations at power factor 0.8 lagging and 0.8 leading, respectively?
a) 4% and – 0.8%
b) 3.2% and – 1.6%
c) 1.6% and – 3.2%
d) 4.8% and – 0.6%
Which of the following insulation can withstand the highest temperature safely?
a) Cellulose
b) Asbestos
c) Mica
d) Glass fiber
The maximum load that a power transformer can carry is limited by its
a) Temperature rise
b) Dielectric strength of oil
c) Voltage ratio
d) Copper loss
The degree of mechanical vibrations produced by the laminations of a
transformer depends on
a) Tightness of clamping
b) Gauge of lamination
c) Size of lamination
d) All of the above
The thickness of laminations used in a transformers is usually
a) 0.4 mm to 0.5 mm
b) 4 mm to 5 mm
c) 14 mm to 15 mm
d) 25 mm to 40 mmhase Transformers, Scott Connections, V-V Conn
Two coupled coils with L1 = L2 = 0.6 H have a coupling co-efficient of k = 0.8.
The turn ratio N1/N2 is
a) 4
b) 2
c) 1
d) 0.5
A 3-phase transformer has its primary connected in delta and secondary in star.
Secondary to primary turns ratio per phase is 6. For a primary voltage of 200V,
the secondary voltage would be
a) 58 V
b) 2078 V
c) 693 V
d) 1200 V
If k is the phase to phase voltage ratio, then the line to line voltage ratio in a 3-
phase Y-Δ transformer is
a) k
b) k/√𝟑
c) √𝟑k
d) √𝟑 /k
The load carried by V-V connection is ________.
a) 47.7% of the original load
b) 57.7% of the original load
c) 67.7% of the original load
d) 87.7% of the original load
Scott connection are used for
a) Single phase to three phase transformer
b) Three phase to single phase transformer
c) Three phase to two phase transformer d) Any of the above
In which transformer, the tertiary winding is used
a) Star - delta
b) Star - star
 c) Delta - delta
d) Delta – star
Three single phase 11000/220 V transformers are connected to form 3- phase
transformer bank. High voltage side is connected in star and low voltage side is
in delta. What are the voltage ratings and turns ratio of 3-phase transformer?
a) 19052 / 220 V, 50
b) 19052 / 220 V, 50√𝟑
c) 11000 / 381 V, 50√𝟑
d) 11000 / 220 V, 50
What is the phase displacement between primary and secondary voltages for a
star delta, 3-phase transformer connection shown below?
a) 300 lagging
b) 300 leading
c) 00
d) 1800

Which three-phase connection can be used in a transformer to introduce a phase

difference of 300 between its output and corresponding input line voltages?
a) Star – delta
b) Star – star
c) Delta – delta
d) Delta – zigzag
If the iron core of a transformer is replaced by an air core, then the hysteresis
losses in the transformer will
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) Remain unchanged
d) Become zero
If the voltage applied to a transformer primary is increased by keeping the V/f
ratio fixed, then the magnetizing current and the core loss will, respectively
a) Decreases and remains the same
b) Increases and decreases
c) Remains the same & Remains the same
d) Remains the same & increases
What is the core loss in a high frequency ferrite core transformer used in SMPS
power supply?
 a) 10% of rated power
b) 5% of rated power
c) 2% of rated power
d) 1% of rated power
➢ Core losses will be lesser in case of using high frequency ferrite core.
 In Scott connection, if the turns ratio of main transformer is K, then the
teaser transformer has turns ratio of
A Δ/Δ connected transformer is connected to V/V connected transformer. The
ratio of VA rating of V/V connected transformer and Δ/Δ connected transformer
is
a) 57.7%
b) 100%
c) 50%
d) 75%
In a transformer, zero voltage regulation at full load is
a) Not possible
b) Possible at leading power factor load
c) Possible at lagging power factor load
d) Possible at unity power factor load
When one transformer is removed from a Δ - Δ bank of 30 kVA transformer,
the capacity of the resulting 3-phase transformer corresponding input line
voltages?
a) 11.5 kVA
b) 17.3 kVA
c) 20 kVA
d) 25.9 kVA
In Scott-connections, the teaser transformer operates on 0.866 of its rated
a) Impedance
b) Current
c) Voltage
d) power
A Transformer at no load is excited by rated voltage. Now a cut is made in
transformer yoke thus creating a small air gap with this
a) Core flux will decrease and magnetizing current 𝑰𝒎 will increase
b) Core flux will remain constant and 𝑰𝒎will increase
c) Core flux and 𝑰𝒎 both will increase
d) both remain unchanged
In a 3-phase transformer, the turn ratio K is given by
a) 𝑲 = 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐
b) 𝑲 = √𝟑 × 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐
c) 𝑲 = 𝑷𝒉𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐
d) 𝑲 = √𝟑 × 𝑷𝒉𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐
Star-star transformers works satisfactorily with
 a) Load is unbalanced only
b) Load is balanced only
c) a balanced as well as unbalanced load
d) None of the above
When a Transformer winding suffers a short circuit, the adjoining turn of the
same winding experiences
a) an attractive force
b) a repulsive force
c) no force
d) none of the above
Which type of winding is used in 3-phase shell type transformer
a) circular type
b) sandwich type
c) cylindrical type
d) rectangular type
The transformer exciting current has two components, magnetizing component
and core-loss component neglecting impedance drop
a) both of them are in phase with the supply voltage
b) the former lags the supply voltage by 90°while the later is in the phase
with the supply
c) both of them lags the supply voltage by 90°
d) the former is in phase with the supply voltage while the later lags the
supply voltage by 90°
The impedance of a Δ/𝒀, 11000 V/400 V, transformer of capacity 100 KVA on
its name plate data base is (0.02+j0.07) pu. The ohmic impedance pu phase
referred to the primary (11000 V) side is
a) (𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 + 𝒋𝟎. 𝟎𝟕)Ω
b) (𝟎. 𝟓𝟓 + 𝒋𝟏. 𝟗𝟐𝟓)Ω
c) (𝟒𝟐 + 𝒋𝟏𝟒𝟕)Ω
d) (𝟕𝟐. 𝟔 + 𝒋𝟐𝟓𝟒. 𝟏)Ωallel Operation, Magnetizing Inrush Current,
Buchholz Relay
Which of the following conditions is /are necessary for the parallel operation of
two transformers?
A. Percentage impedance should be the same
B. Polarities of both secondaries should be the same
C. Voltage ratings should be the same
D. both (B) and (C)
Condition to be satisfied for the parallel operation:
➢ Same polarity
➢ Same voltage rating
➢ Same per unit impedance
➢ Same X/R ratio
➢ Same phase sequence
➢ Zero phase difference
For successful parallel operation of two single phase transforms, the essential
condition is that their
A. percentage impedance are equal
B. polarities are properly connected
C. turns-ratio are exactly equal
D. kVA ratings are equal
Two transformers when operating in parallel will share the load depending
upon which of the following?
A. Magnetizing current
B. Leakage reactance
C. Per unit impedance
D. Efficiency
Two transformers, with equal rating and negligible excitation current
connected in parallel, share the load in the ratio of their kVA ratings only, if
their pu impedances (based on their own kVA) are
A. equal
B. in the inverse ratio of their ratings
C. in the direct ratio of their ratings
D. pure reactive
Two transformers are to be operated in parallel such that they share load in
proportion to their kVA ratings. The rating of the first transformer is 500 kVA
and its pu leakage impedance is 0.05 pu. If the rating of second transformer is
250 kVA, its pu leakage impedance is
A. 0.20
B. 0.10
C. 0.05
D. 0.025
➢ Per unit impedance should be same on their own kVA based so that
they share the load in proportional to their kVA rating.
The B-H curve is used to find the mmf of particular section of the magnetic
circuit. The section is
A. vacuum
B. iron part
C. air gap
D. both iron part and air gap
The core flux of a practical transformer with a resistive load
A. is strictly constant with load changes
B. increase linearly with load
C. increase as the square root of the load
D. decreases with increase of load
The core used in high frequency transformer usually
A. copper core
B. cast iron core
C. air core
D. mild steel core
The main reason for generation of harmonics in a transformer could be
A. fluctuating
B. poor insulation
C. mechanical vibrations
D. saturation of core
Sumpner’s test is conducted on transformers to determine
A. temperature
A. B stray losses
B. all-day efficiency
C. none of the above

What will happen if the transformers working in parallel are not connected with regard to
polarity?
A. The power factor of the two transformers will be different from the power factor of
common load
B. Incorrect polarity will result in dead short circuit
C. The transformers will not share load in proportion to their ratings
D. None of the above
If the percentage impedances of the two transformers working in parallel are different, then
A. transformers will be overheated
B. power factors of both the transformers will be same
C. parallel operation will be not possible
D. parallel operation will still be possible, but the power factors at which the two
transformers operate will be different from the power factor of the common load
The full-load voltage regulation of a power transformer is zero when power
factor of the load is near
A. unity and leading
B. unity and lagging
C. zero and leading
D. zero and lagging
A 5 kVA, 250/125V, 1-phase transformers has leakage impedance of (0.02 + j0.08) pu. Its
value in ohm referred to H.V. side is
A. 0.25 + j1
B. 0.02 + j0.08
C. 0.0625 + j0.25
D. 02 + j0.8
When two transformers of different kVA ratings are connected in parallel, they will divide
the total load in proportion to their respective kVA ratings when their
A. equivalent impedance are equal
B. efficiencies are equal
C. equivalent impedances are inversely proportional to their respective ratings
D. None of the above
If the transformers operated in parallel are not connected with regard to polarity
A. the transformers will not share the load in proportion to their kVA ratings
B. dead short-circuit will the place
C. a circulating current will exist on no-load
D. the transformer of lower rating will be out of operation
Maximum transient currents flow through a transformer winding when it is
switched on the secondary ______ circuited and when the input voltage wave
is passing through the ______ value.
A. short, zero
B. open, maximum
C. open, zero
D. short, maximum
➢ When transformer is switched at an instant when V = 0, flux in the
core rises from 0 to +2𝜙𝑚 in half cycle (doubling effect) and calls for
huge magnetizing current in the primary winding of the transformer.
A two-winding single phase transformer has a voltage regulations of 4.5% at
full load and unity power factor. At full-load and 0.80 power factor lagging load
the voltage regulation will be
A. 4.5%
B. more than 4.5%
C. less than 4.5%
D. 4.5% or more than 4.5%
A 1 : 5 step – up transformer has 120 V across the primary and 600 ohms
resistance across the secondary. Assuming 100% efficiency, the primary
current equals
A. 0.2 Amp.
B. 20 Amp.
C. 10 Amp.
D. 5 Amp.
A tap changer is provided on transformers for
A. Maintaining the secondary voltage constant with a varying primary
voltage
B. Providing an auxiliary secondary voltage for a special purpose
C. Providing a low voltage for starting rotating machines
D. All of the above
In doubling effect, flux changes
 A. From − 𝜙𝑚 to + 𝜙𝑚
B. From 0 to + 2𝜙𝑚
C. From 0 to + 𝜙𝑚
D. From − 𝜙𝑚 to + 2𝜙𝑚
Magnetizing Inrush current is a
A. Primary winding phenomenon
B. Secondary winding phenomenon
C. Both (A) and (B)
D. None of the above
For protecting transformer from Magnetizing Inrush Current, a _______ relay is
used.
A. Mertz Price
B. Buchholz
C. Second Harmonic Restrained
D. None of the above

The HV side of 3-phase transformer should be of

A. Star connected
B. Delta connected
C. Either star or delta connected
D. None of the above
Distribution transformer should be of
A. Star-delta
B. Delta-star
C. Star-star
D. Delta-delta
A tertiary delta is used in star-star transformer due to problem related to
A. Magnetizing current phenomenon
B. Third harmonics
C. Communication interference
D. All of the above
Sumpner’s test is done for determining
A. Total loss
B. Temperature rise
C. Efficiency
D. All of the above
For parallel operation of two 3-phase transformer, transformers should be
belong to
A. Same phasor group
B. Different phasor group
 C. Either be same or different phasor group
D. none of the above
Polarity test is conducted on transformers for determining
A. Total loss
B. Voltage regulation
C. Relative polarity of two winding of the transformer
D. Efficiency
Stabilizing winding in transformer is also known as
A. Primary winding
B. Secondary winding
C. Tertiary winding
D. None of the above
In an autotransformer, % copper saving is equal to
A. % inductive power transfer
B. % conductive power transfer
C. Total power transfer
D. None of the above

Voltage regulation of transformer can be minimized by minimizing

A. Voltage rating of transformer
B. Current rating of transformer
C. Both (A) and (B)
D. pu impedance
Minimum regulation of transformer can be achieved at
A. Lagging power factor of load
B. Leading power factor of load
C. Either Lagging or Leading power factor of load
D. None of the above
Which one of the properties is necessary for the transformer oil
A. Low viscosity
B. Purity
C. High flash and fire point
D. All of the above
Minor insulation in transformer is
A. Conductor insulation
B. Winding insulation
C. Both (A) and (B)
D. None of the above
3-Phase Induction Motors
Construction, Working, Losses & Efficiency of 3-Phase Induction
Motors
1. If NS is the speed of rotating flux and N the speed of the rotor,
then, the rate at which the flux cuts the rotor conductors is
directly proportional to __________
A. NS
B. N
C. NS – N
D. N – NS
2. A 4 pole, 3-phase induction motor runs at 1440 rpm on a 50 Hz
supply. Find the slip speed.
A. 2970 rpm
B. 1500 rpm
C. 1440 rpm
D. 60 rpm

3. In a 3-phase induction motor running a slip ‘s’ the mechanical

power developed in terms of air gap power Pg is
A. (s –1)Pg
B. Pg/(1 – s)
C. (1 – s)Pg
D. s × Pg
4. A balanced 3-phase induction motor runs at slip s. If ωs is its
synchronous speed, what is the relative speed between the stator
mmf and rotor mmf?
A. sωs
B. (1 – s)ωs
C. ωs
D. zero
5. If the full-load speed of a 6-phase, 50 Hz induction motor is 950
rpm, what is its half-load speed nearly equal to?
A. 1,000 rpm C. 1,900 rpm
B. 450 rpm D. 975 rpm
6. A 3-phase induction motor is operating at slip s. If its two
supply leads are interchanged, then its slip at that instant will be
A. 2 – s
B. 2 + s
C. 1 + s
D. 1 – s
7. The mmf produced by the rotor current of a 3-phase induction
motor
A. rotates at the speed of rotor in the air gap.
B. is stand still with respect to stator mmf
C. rotates at slip speed with respect to stator mmf
D. rotates at synchronous speed with respect to rotor
8. A voltmeter gives 120 oscillations per minute when connected
to the rotor of an induction motor. The frequency is 50 Hz. The
slip of the motor is
A. 2%
B. 4%
C. 5%
D. 25%
9. In an induction motor, what is the ratio of rotor copper loss and
rotor input?
A. 1/s
B. (1 – s)
C. s
D. s/(1 – s)
10. In induction motor, air gap power is 10 kW and
mechanically developed power is 8 kW. What are the rotor
ohmic losses?
A. 1 kW B. 3 kW
C. 2 kW D. 0.5 Kw
11. What is the rotor copper loss of a 3-phase 550 volt, 50 Hz,
6 poles induction motor developing 4.1 kW at the shaft with
mechanical loss of 750 W at 970 rpm?
A. 175 W
B. 150 W
C. 100 W
D. 250 W
 12. If the load on an induction motor is increased from no load
to full load, its slip and the power factor, will, respectively:
A. decrease, decrease
B. decrease, increase
C. increase, decrease
D. increase, increase
13. Open-circuit test is usually conducted on
A. slip-ring motors.
B. wound rotor motors
C. either of A and B
D. none of these
14. If the rotor power factor of a 3-phase induction motor is
0.866, the spatial displacement between the stator magnetic field
and the rotor magnetic field will be
A. 30°
B. 90°
C. 120°
D. 150°
Spatial displacement between the stator magnetic field and the
rotor magnetic field,
𝜹 = 900 + 𝜱2
15. The shaft of an induction motor is made
A. stiff
B. flexible
C. hollow
D. any of the above
16. The efficiency of an induction motor can be expected to be
nearly
A. 60 to 90%
B. 80 to 90%
C. 95 to 98%
D. 99%
17. The number of slip rings on a squirrel cage induction
motor is usually
A. two B. three
C. four D. none
18. The good power factor of an induction motor can be
achieved if the average flux density in the air gap is
A. absent
B. small
C. large
D. infinity
19. Size of a high speed motor as compared to low speed
motor for the same H.P will be
A. bigger
B. smaller
C. same
D. any two the above
20. 5 H.P, 50 Hz, 3-phase, 440 V, induction motors are
available for the following rpm. Which motor will be the
costliest?
A. 730 rpm
B. 960 rpm
C. 1440 rpm
D. 2880 rpm
21. In a three-phase induction motor
A. iron losses in stator will be negligible as compared to that in
rotor
B. iron losses in motor will be negligible as compared to that in
rotor
C. iron losses in stator will be less than that in rotor
D. iron losses in stator will be more than that in rotor
22. An induction motor can run at synchronous speed when
A. it is run on load
B. it is run in reverse direction
C. it is run on voltage higher than the rated voltage
D. emf is injected in the rotor circuit
23. In an induction motor, at no-load, the slip is generally
A. less than 1%
B. 1.5%
C. 2%
D. 4%
 24. In medium sized induction motors, the slip is generally
around
A. 0.04%
B. 0.4%
C. 4%
D. 14%

25. Slip rings are usually made of

A. copper
B. carbon
C. phosphor bronze
D. aluminium
Phosphor bronze is a member of the family of copper alloys.
➢ It is composed of copper that is alloyed with 0.5–11% of tin and 0.01–0.35% phosphorus,
and may contain other elements to confer specific properties (e.g. lead at 0.5–3.0% to form
free-machining phosphor bronze).
➢ Alloyed tin increases the corrosion resistance and strength of copper, while phosphorus
increases its wear resistance and stiffness.
26. A 3-phase 440 V, 50 Hz induction motor has 4% slip. The
frequency of rotor emf will be
A. 200 Hz
B. 50 Hz
C. 2 Hz
D. 0.2 Hz
27. What will happen if the relative speed between the rotating
flux of stator and rotor of the induction motor is zero?
A. The slip of the motor will be 5%
B. The rotor will not run
C. The rotor will run at very high speed
D. The torque produced will be very Large
28. The low power factor of induction motor is due to
A. rotor leakage reactance
B. stator reactance
C. the reactive lagging magnetizing current necessary to
generate the magnetic flux
D. all of the above
 29. If a 3-phase Induction Motor is running at a slip s, then the
approximate efficiency of the motor is _______
A. s2
B. 1 + s
C. S – 1
D. 1 – s
Performance, Torque Equation & Ratio, Testing of 3-Phase
Induction Motors
30. The torque characteristic of a 3-phase induction motor is
similar to that of______
A. d.c. series motor
B. d.c. shunt motor
C. d.c. differentially motor
D. d.c. cumulatively compounded motor
31. The starting torque of a 3-phase induction motor is _____
supply voltage
A. independent of
B. directly proportional to
C. directly proportional to square of
D. none of the above

32. The starting torque of an induction motor is maximum

when rotor resistance per phase is ______ rotor reactance/phase.
A. equal to
B. two times
C. four times
D. none of the above
 33. Under running conditions, the maximum torque of 3-phase
induction motor will occur at that value of slip at which rotor
resistance/phase is ______rotor reactance/phase.
A. two times B. four times
C. equal to D. none of the above
34.The maximum torque of a 3-phase induction motor under running
conditions is _____
A. inversely proportional to supply voltage
B. inversely proportional to rotor reactance at standstill
C. directly proportional to rotor resistance
D. none of the above

35.If the supply voltage of a 3-phase induction motor is increases two times,
then, torque is _____
A. increased two times
B. decreased two times
C. increased four times
D. decreased four times
36.If the air gap between the rotor and stator of a 3-phase induction motor is
increased, then, ____
A. no-load current is decreased
B. leakage reactance are decreased
C. leakage reactance are increased
D. none of the above
➢ If we increase the air-gap between stator and rotor that increases the leakage flux, which
increases the leakage reactance. Which reduces the torque of the motor.
R
p.f. = R + jX 𝐓 ∝ 𝑷 ∝ 𝒑. 𝒇.
37. If the slip of induction motor increases, then, current in the
stator winding___
A. increased
B. is decreased
C. remains unchanged
D. none of the above
➢ Slip indicates about lag of rotor speed with respect to the rotating magnetic field.
➢ When load on shaft increases, the load torque becomes higher than motor torque. Hence,
rotor decelerates. Reduction in rotor speed, increases the slip of motor. More slip means more
induced emf in the rotor and hence more current in rotor circuit. The air gap power being
transferred to rotor is now higher than before and hence more current is drawn in from supply
at stator terminals. Hence, motor torque has increases.
➢ So, this increase in slip /rotor induced emf /rotor currents/ air gap power/ motor torque
goes on until the motor torque become equal to the required load torque. The increased load
is now being driven at a lower speed.
➢ At no load, slip is quite small because the only amount of motor torque required is to
overcome friction and windage.
38. The conditions of induction motor at standstill resemble
those a transformer whose secondary is _____
A. short-circuited
B. open-circuited
C. supplying a variable resistive load
D. none of the above
39. The conditions of induction motor on load resemble those
of a transformer whose secondary is _____
A. open-circuited
B. short-circuited
C. supplying a variable resistive load
D. none of the above
40. In a wound rotor induction motor, the external resistance is
so adjusted in the rotor circuit that maximum torque developed
is ______
A. equal to its starting torque
B. equal to its full-load torque
C. less than its full-load torque
D. none of the above
41. For the same kVA rating, the leakage flux in
induction motor is ____ that of transformer.
A. more than
B. less than
C. about the same as
D. none of the above
42. A 50 Hz, 8-pole, 3-phase induction motor has full-load slip
of 4%. The rotor resistance and standstill reactance per phase are
0.01 Ω and 0.1 Ω respectively. The speed at which maximum
torque occurs is
A. 525 rpm
B. 715 rpm
C. 612 rpm
D. 675 rpm
43. A 50 Hz, 8-pole, 3-phase induction motor has full-load slip
of 4%. The rotor resistance and standstill reactance per phase are
0.01 Ω and 0.1 Ω respectively. The ratio of maximum torque to
full load torque is
A. 1.45
B. 1.1
C. 2.5
D. 3.4
44. The rotor of induction motor
A. always revolves in the direction of stator flux
B. always revolves in the direction opposite to stator flux
C. insufficient data
D. none of the above
45. A 480 V, 60 Hz, 50 h.p., 3-phase induction motor is
drawing 60 A at 0.85 p.f. lagging. The stator copper losses are
2 kW and the rotor copper losses are 700 W. The friction and
windage losses are 600 W and the stator iron losses are1800 W.
The air-gap power is
A. 25.7 kW
B. 40.4 kW
C. 38.6 kW
D. 32.4 kW
46. The power converted from electrical to mechanical form is
A. 37.3 kW
B. 38.6 kW
C. 42.4 kW
D. 37.9 kW
47. The motor output power is
A. 38.6 kW
B. 37.9 kW
C. 37.3 kW
D. 32.2 kW
48. The motor efficiency is
A. 88%
B. 85%
C. 78%
D. 82%
 49. In a 3-phase induction motor, R2 = rotor resistance per
phase, X2 = rotor leakage reactance per phase at standstill and
slip is s. The torque developed by the motor will be maximum
when
A. R2 = X2
B. R2 = sX2
C. R2 = R1
D. R2 = Z1
50. A 3ϕ, 6 pole, 50 Hz, slip ring induction motor (SRIM) has
stand still rotor reactance five times its resistance. To obtain the
maximum torque at a speed of 60 rpm its rotor resistance
A. remains unchanged
B. should be doubled
C. must be 3-times of its original value
D. must be equal to the rotor reactance
51. When supply voltage to a 3-phase squirrel cage induction
motor (SCIM) is reduced by 20%, the maximum torque will
decrease by
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 36%
D. 40%
52. A 3-phase, 6-pole, 50 Hz induction motor delivers
3.73 kW at 950 rpm. What is the stator input if the stator loss is
250 W?
A. 4825 W
B. 3150 W
C. 5720 W
D. 4176 W
53. For a slip-ring induction motor, if the rotor resistance is
increased, then
A. starting torque and efficiency increase
B. starting torque decrease but efficiency increases
C. starting torque increases but efficiency decreases
D. starting torque and efficiency decreases
 54. Break down torque of a 3-phase induction motor of
negligible stator impedance is
A. directly proportional to the rotor resistance
B. inversely proportional to the rotor resistance
C. directly proportional to the reactance
D. inversely proportional to the rotor leakage reactance

55. In a 3-phase induction motor, the torque developed is

maximum when the rotor circuit resistance per phase is equal to
A. rotor leakage reactance per phase at standstill
B. slip times the rotor leakage reactance per phase at standstill
C. stator resistance per phase
D. stator leakage reactance per phase
56. The torque-slip characteristic of a polyphase induction
motor becomes almost linear at small values of slip, because in
this range of slips.
A. the effective rotor circuit resistance is very large compared to
the rotor reactance
B. the rotor resistance is equal to the stator resistance.
C. the rotor resistance is equal to the rotor reactance
D. the rotor resistance is equal to the stator reactance
57. In the torque-speed characteristic of an induction motor
shown in the figure given below, stable region is
A. AB B. BC
C. CD D. DE
 58. Consider the following curve: Which of the following
characteristic of the induction motor is represented by the above
curve x-axis y-axis

A. Output pf
B. Speed pf
C. Load efficiency
D. Speed torque
 Stator pf improves as the load on the motor is increased. If the motor is
loaded beyond 80-90% of full load output, pf decreases slightly because
of the predominant effect of stator and rotor reactance drop.
59. In the circle diagram for induction motor, the diameter of
the circle represents
A. slip
B. rotor current
C. running torque
D. line voltage

60. The starting torque of a 3-phase squirrel cage induction

motor is
A. twice the full load torque
B. 1.5 times the full load torque
C. equal to full load torque
D. none of these
 61. The circle diagram for an induction motor cannot be used
to determine
A. efficiency
B. power factor
C. frequency
D. output
62. Insertion of reactance in the rotor circuit
A. reduces starting torque as well as maximum torque
B. increases starting torque as well as maximum torque
C. increases starting torque but maximum torque remains unchanged
D. increases starting torque but maximum torque decreases
63. Stepless speed control of induction motor is possible by
which of the following methods?
A. emf injection in rotor circuit
B. changing the number of poles
C. cascade operation
D. none of the above
64. Slip of an induction motor is negative when
A. Magnetic field and rotor rotate in opposite direction
B. Rotor speed is less than the synchronous speed of the field
and are in the same direction
C. Rotor speed is more than the synchronous speed of the field
and are in the same direction
D. None of the above
65. The shape of the torque/slip curve of induction motor is
A. parabola
B. hyperbola
C. rectangular parabola
D. straight line
66. In star-delta starting of 3-phase induction motor, the
starting voltage is reduced to
A. 1/√3 times of normal voltage
B. √3 times of normal voltage
C. 3 times of normal voltage
D. 1/3 times of normal voltage
Starting, Braking & Speed Control 3-Phase Induction Motor
67. The rotor of an induction motor never runs at synchronous
speed , because then the relative speed between the rotating flux
and rotor will be
A maximum and hence, torque will be maximum.
B maximum and hence , torque will be zero.
C zero and hence , torque will be maximum.
D zero and hence , torque will be zero.
68. What is the operating slip of a 400 V, 50 Hz, 6-pole, 3-
phase induction motor, while the speed is 936 rpm with a 400 V,
48 Hz , 3-phase supply ?
A 0.036
B 0.064
C 0.025
D 0.075
69. If any two leads from slip rings are interchange in 3-phase
induction motor, the motor will
A. Continue running in the same direction as before
B. Run in a direction opposite to that before maintenance
C. Not run
D. Get damaged
70. An increase in number of poles of an induction motor
results in
A. Decrease in maximum pf.
B. Increase in maximum pf.
C. No change in maximum pf .
D. Cannot be predicted
71. Increase in length of air gap in an induction motor causes
A. Decrease in power factor.
B. Decrease in pulsation losses.
C. Increase in ampere-turns required to produce same flux density in
the air gap.
D. All of the above.
 72. Squirrel cage induction motors have the disadvantages of
A. Higher starting current and poor starting torque
B. High sensitivity to fluctuations in supply voltage and low power
factor at light-load
C. No possibility of speed regulation
D. All of the above.
73. The torque developed by a 3-phase induction motor is
approximately proportional to
A. 𝑠
B. 𝑠2
C. s
D. 1/s
74. Insertion of resistance in the rotor circuit of an induction
motor to develop a give torque causes in rotor current.
A. Almost no change
B. Increase
C. Decrease
D. None of these
75. Slip-ring induction motors have the advantages of
A. High starting torque and high overload capacity
B. Nearly constant speed
C. Low starting current in comparison to squirrel cage induction
motor
D. All of the above
76. Slip-ring motors have the disadvantages of
A. Low efficiency and low power factor in comparison to squirrel
cage induction motors
B. Low power factor at light load
C. Sensitivity to fluctuations in supply voltage
D. All of the above
77. Unbalanced 3-phase voltage supply to an induction motor
causes excessive heating of
A. Rotor
B. Stator
C. Rotor shaft
D. None of these
 78. The starting current of a 3-phase induction motor is
about________ of its full-load rated current.
A. Half
B. Twice
C. 5 to 7
D. 15 to 20 times
79. The following starting method for an induction motor is
inferior from the point of view of poor starting torque per
ampere of the line current drawn
A. Direct-on-line starting
B. Auto transformer method of starting
C. Series induction method of starting
D. Star-delta method of starting
80. The starting current of a 3-phase induction motor is 5
times the rated current , while the rated slip is 4% the ratio of
starting torque to full-load torque is
A. 0.06
B. 0.8
C. 1.0
D. 1.2
81. A squirrel cage induction motor having a rated slip of 2%
on full-load has a starting torque of 50% of full-load torque. The
starting current is.
A. Two times the full-load current
B. Four times the full-load current
C. Five times the full-load current
D. Equal to the full-load current
82. A 3-phase, 4pole, 400 V, 50Hz star-connected induction
motor has following circuit parameters r1 = 1.0Ω, r’2=0.5Ω,
x1 = x’2 = 1.2Ω, xm = 35 Ω .The starting torque when the motor
is started direct-on-line is (use approximate equivalent circuit
model)
A. 63.6Nm
B. 74.3Nm
C. 190.8Nm
D. 222.9Nm
 83. With DOL start of an induction motor the heating during
acceleration of inertia load is proportional to
A. Slip at maximum torque
B. Maximum torque
C. Stored kinetic energy
D. Electromagnetic power developed on the rotor
84. For starting 3-phase squirrel cage induction motors
reactors are preferred over resistors as the reactors
A. incur less power loss and effectively reduce the applied voltage to
the motor
B. Increase the starting torque
C. Improve the power factor at start
D. All of the above
85. If the applied voltage across a 3-phase induction motor is
reduced to x times, the starting current and starting torque
will be reduced to______ and_________ times respectively
A. 𝑥, 𝑥
B. 𝑥, 𝑥2
C. 𝑥2, 𝑥
D. 𝑥2, 𝑥2
86. A 3-phase squirrel-cage induction motor is started by
means of a star/ delta switch .What is the starting current of the
motor?
A. 3 times the current with direct on line starting
B. 1/3 times the current with direct on line starting
C. 1/√3 times the current with direct on line starting
D. √3times the current with direct on line Starting
87. A starting torque of 80 Nm isdeveloped in an induction
motor by an auto-transformer starter with a tapping of 30%. If
the tapping of auto transformer starter is 60% , then what is the
starting torque?
A. 40 Nm
B. 160 Nm
C. 240 Nm
D. 320 Nm
 88. For the purpose of starting an induction motor, Y/Δ switch
is an equivalent to an auto-transformer of ratio
A. 33.3%
B. 57.7%
C. 73.2%
D. 100%
89. A three phase squirrel cage induction motor has a starting
current of seven times the full load current and full load slip of
5%.
(i) If an auto-transformer is used for reduced voltage starting to
provide 1.5 per unit starting torque, the autotransformer ratio (%)
should be
A. 57.77%
B. 72.56%
C. 78.25%
D. 81.33%
(ii) If a star-delta starter Is used to star this induction motor , the per
unit starting torque will be
A. 0.607
B. 0.816
C. 1.225
D. 1.616
(iii) If a starting torque of 0.5 per unit is required then the per unit
starting current should be
A. 4.65
B. 3.75
C. 3.16
D. 2.13
90. Smooth speed control can be achieved by
A. Rotor resistance control only
B. Rotor slip power control only
C. Variation of supply frequency only
D. Both rotor slip power control and supply frequency
 91. The speed of a slip-ring three phase induction motor can
be controlled from the rotor side by
A. Changing the supply voltage
B. Changing the supply frequency
C. Rheostatic control
D. Changing the number of poles
92. During plugging of an induction motor
A. Phase sequence is reversed
B. A DC source is connected to stator
C. One phase is open circuit
D. Power is fed back to mains
93. Which of the following methods are suitable for the speed
control of squirrel cage induction motor ?
1. voltage control
2. rotor resistance control
3. Frequency control
4. Pole changing method
select the correct answer using following sequence given below
A. 2, 3 and 4
B. 1, 3 and 4
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 2 and 4
94. In a variable speed induction motor drive v/f is kept
constant over a wide range of its frequency variation . The
motor operates in the following mode
A. Constant power mode
B. Constant torque mode
C. variable power and variable torque mode
D. Constant slip mode
95. The speed of slip-ring induction motor cannot be
controlled by
A. Rotor resistance control
B. Pole changing method
C. Concatenation or cascade operation
D. Rotor slip power control
 96. For the applications requiring speed ratio other than 2:1
the speed control can be affected by varying the number of
stator poles employing
A. Multiple stator winding
B. Pole amplitude modulation technique
C. Consequent pole technique
D. Any of the above
97. The injected emf in the rotor of induction motor must have
A. The same frequency as the stator slip frequency
B. The same phase as the rotor emf
C. A high value for satisfactory speed control
D. The same phase as the rotor emf and a high value for
satisfactory speed control
98. In case of voltage injection method of speed control, the
injected emf should be of
A. Supply frequency (f)
B. Slip frequency (sf)
C. (1-s)f
D. (2-s)f
99. Speeds higher than synchronous speed control can be had
by
A. Line voltage control
B. Rotor slip power control
C. Rotor resistance control
D. Frequency control
100. Slip-changing method of speed control can be used in case
of
A. slip-ring induction motors only
B. Squirrel cage as well as slip-ring induction motors
C. Squirrel cage induction motors only
D. None of the above
 101. Cascade method of speed control involves the use of two
coupled induction motors. The necessary condition for speed
control is that
A. Both the motors are of the wound rotor type having the same
number of poles
B. Both the motors are of the squirrel cage rotor type having
different number of poles
C. One motor is of the slip-ring type but both the motors have the
same number of poles
D. One motor is of the slip-ring type and the two motors have
different number of poles

102. A 4-pole induction motor (main) and a 6-pole motor

(auxiliary) are connected in cumulative cascade. Frequency in
the secondary winding of the auxiliary motor is observed to be
1Hz , For a supply frequency of 50Hz the speed of the cascade
set is
A. 1,485rpm
B. 990rpm
C. 608rpm
D. 588rpm

103. For obtaining very quick braking of 3- phase, wound-rotor

induction motor running on load
A. A large external resistance has to be inserted in the rotor-circuit
B. A large external resistance has to be inserted in the stator-circuit
C. Interchanging any two terminals of the stator supply
D. Interchanging any two terminals of the rotor to the slip-rings

104. In dynamic braking of 3-phase induction motors

A. The supply terminals of any two stator phases are interchanged
B. Any two stator terminals are earthed
C. The stator terminals are switched over to a DC source from the AC
Supply
D. A DC voltage is injected in the rotor circuit
 105. In a 3-phase induction motor, the regenerative braking
occur when
A. The load is lowered by a hoisting machine
B. The load is raised by a hoisting machine
C. The number of poles is reduced in a pole changing motor
D. The motor speed falls due to Overload
Deep Bar & Double Cage Rotor, Crawling and Cogging
Phenomenon
106. The rotor of a three-phase, 5kW, 400 V, 50 Hz, slip ring
induction motor is wound for 6 poles while its stator is wound
for 4 poles. The approximate average no load steady state speed
when this motor is connected to 400 V. 50 Hz supply is
A. 1, 500 rpm
B. 500 rpm
C. 0 rpm
D. 1,000 rpm
107. The direction of rotor current produced in an induction
motor can be determined by
A. Lenz’s law
B. induction law
C. Fleming’s right hand rule
D. Fleming’s left hand rule
108. In a 3-phase induction motor reactance under running
conditions is less than its standstill value. This is due to
reduction in
A. rotor inductance
B. stator magnetic flux
C. frequency of rotor emf
D. mutual flux linking the stator and rotor
109. In an induction motor under running condition, the rotor
reactance per phase is ______ its standstill phase reactance.
A. s times
B. equal to
C. 1/s times
D. (1-s) times
 110. In an induction motor for a fixed speed at constant
frequency
A. both line current and torque are proportional to voltage
B. both line current and torque are proportional to the square of
voltage
C. line current is proportional to voltage and torque is
proportional to the square of voltage
D. line current is constant and torque is proportional to voltage
111. A balanced three-phase voltage is applied to star-
connected induction motor, the phase to neutral voltage being V.
the stator resistance, rotor resistance referred to the stator, stator
leakage reactance, rotor leakage reactance referred to the stator,
and the magnetizing reactance are denoted by rs, rr, xs xr, and Xm,
respectively. The magnitude of the starting current of the motor
is given by

112. For achieving high starting torque and high operation

efficiency an induction motor should have ______ rotor circuit
resistance at starting and _______ circuit resistance under
operating condition.
A. high, low
B. low, high
C high, high
D. low, low
113. The synchronous speed for the seventh space harmonic
mmf wave of a 3-phase, 8-pole, 50 Hz induction machine is
A. 107.14 rpm is forward direction
B. 107.14 rpm is reverse direction
C. 5,250 rpm in forward direction
D. 5,250 rpm in reverse direction
114. An induction motor when started on load does not
accelerate up to full speed but runs at 1/7th of the rated speed.
The motor is said to be
A. locking
B. plugging
C. crawling
D. cogging
115. The crawling in the induction motor is caused by
A. improper design of stator laminations
B. low voltage supply
C. high loads
D. harmonics developed in motor
116. The phenomenon of crawling in a 3-phase induction motor
may be due to
A. unbalanced supply voltage
B. 7th space harmonics of air gap field
C. 7th time harmonics of voltage wave
D. 5th space harmonics
117. In an induction motor, when the number of stator slots is
equal to an integral multiple of rotor slots
A. there may be a discontinuity in torque-slip characteristics
B. a high starting torque will be available
C. the maximum torque will be high
D. the machine will fail to start
118. Presence of 5th harmonics in induction motor causes
A. cogging
B. crawling
C. small reverse braking torque
D. hunting
119. The cogging occurs in induction motors due to
A. harmonic induction torques
B. harmonic synchronous torques
C. vibration torques
D. Both A and B
 120. “Cogging” in induction motor occurs when
A. number of stator teeth – number of rotor teeth = odd number
B. number of stator teeth – number of rotor teeth = even number
C. number of rotor teeth – number of stator teeth = odd number
D. number of stator teeth – number of rotor teeth = negative number
121. To avoid cogging in a squirrel cage induction motor the
following stator slot(Z1) and rotor slot(Z2) combination must be
avoided
A. Z1 = Z2
B. Z1 – Z2 = P + 1
C. Z1 – Z2 = 3 P + 1
D. Z1 – Z2 = 3 P + 1
122. Cogging and crawling are phenomenon associated with
(a) cage induction machines and they are essentially the same
(b) squirrel cage induction machines, the former during starting
and the latter at a fraction of its rated speed.
(c) squirrel cage induction machines, the former at a fraction of
its rated speed and the latter during starting.
(d) wound rotor induction machines and they are reduced by
skewing, chording and distribution of windings.
123. If two induction motors A and B are identical except that
the air gap of motor 'A' is 50% greater than that of motor 'B'
then
(a) the no-load power factor of A will be better than that of B.
(b) the no-load power factor of A will be poorer than that of B.
(c) the core losses of A will be more than those of B.
(d) the operating flux of A will be smaller than that of B
124. In 3-phase induction motor, sometimes copper bars are
placed deep in the rotor. Its is done in order to improve
A. efficiency
B. starting torque
C. power factor
D. none of these
 125. In a squirrel cage induction motor high starting torque is
achieved by using
A. high resistance in series with the rotor circuit.
B. low resistance across the rotor circuit
C. double cage rotor
D. none of these
126. The outer cage of a double squirrel rotor consists of
A. manganese brass
B red copper
C. bronze
D. steel
127. In double cage induction motor the inner cage has
A. high resistance and high leakage reactance
B. high resistance and low leakage reactance
C. low resistance and high leakage reactance
D. low resistance and low leakage reactance
128. In the equivalent circuit of a double-cage induction motor,
the two rotor cages can be considered
A. to be in parallel
B. to be in series-parallel
C. to be in series
D. to be in parallel with stator.
129. The advantage of the double squirrel-cage induction motor
over single cage rotor is that its
A. efficiency is higher
B. power factor is higher
C. slip is larger
D. starting current is lower
 130. In a double squirrel cage induction motor, the resistance of
upper cage is ____ that of inner cage.
A. equal to
B. 4 to 5 times of
C. one-fourth of
D. none of these
131. During starting of a double cage induction motor, the
current induced in the rotor
A. flows mostly through the lower cage
B. flows mostly through the upper cage
C. is equally divided between the two windings
D. none of the above
132. Squirrel cage induction motors have the advantages of
A. cheaper in initial as well as in maintenance costs.
B. nearly constant speed, high overload capacity, simple starting
arrangement and high power factor
C. lower copper losses and higher operation efficiency.
D. all of the above
133. The speed regulation of 3-phase induction motor at full
load is about
A. 4%
B. 8%
C. 15%
D. 25%
134. When will slip-ring induction motor run at super
synchronous speed?
A. If a voltage is injected in the rotor circuit in phase opposition to the
rotor induced emf
B. If an emf is injected in the rotor circuit in phase with the rotor
induced emf
C. If motor is coupled with active load
D. If motor is coupled with passive load
135. The stator and the rotor of a 3-phase, 4-pole wound rotor
induction motor are excited respectively from a 50 Hz and
30 Hz source of appropriate voltage. Neglecting all losses,what
is/are the possible no-load speed/speeds at which the motor
would run?
A. 1,500 rpm and 900 rpm
B. 2,400 rpm and 600 rpm
C. 2,400 rpm only
D. 600 rpm only
136. If an induction motor hums during starting up, the possible
cause could be
A. Open circuit
B. unequal phase resistance
C. inter-turn short circuit on rotor
D. any of the above
137. Induction generators deliver power at
A. leading power factor only
B. lagging power factor only
C. leading as well as lagging power factor
D. unity power factor only
138. Which of the following is not the advantage of an
induction generator ?
A. It does not hunt or drop out of synchronism
B. It is simple and rugged in construction, cheaper in cost and needs
little maintenance
C. It delivers only leading current
D. When short circuited it delivers little or no sustained power
139. Which of the following is not the disadvantage of an
induction generator ?
A. It cannot be operated independently
B. When short circuited it delivers little or no sustained power
C. It can deliver only leading current
D. none of the above.
140. A 4-pole induction machine is working as an induction
generator. The generator supply frequency is 60 Hz. The rotor
current frequency is 5 Hz. The mechanical speed of the rotor in
rpm is
A. 1,350
B. 1,650
C. 1,950
D. 2,250
 141. In a 3-phase induction machine, motoring, generating and
braking operations take place in the range of slip “s” given by
A. motoring: 1 > s > 0; generating: 0 > s > –1; braking s > 1
B. motoring: s > 1; generating 1 > s > 0; braking: 1 > s > 0
C. motoring: s > 1; generating s > – 1 braking: 1 > s > 0
D. motoring; 0 > s > – 1; generating: s > 1; Braking

142. Crawling occurs in 3-phase induction motor due to

A. Odd harmonics
B. Even harmonics
C. Non-triplent odd harmonics
D. Non-triplent even harmonics

143. 5th space harmonic creates a revolving field

A. In reverse direction at 1/5th of the fundamental synchronous speed
B. In forward direction at 1/5th of the fundamental synchronous speed
C. In reverse direction at 1/7th of the fundamental synchronous speed
D. In forward direction at 1/7th of the fundamental synchronous speed

144. 7th space harmonic creates a revolving field

A. In reverse direction at 1/5th of the fundamental synchronous speed
B. In forward direction at 1/5th of the fundamental synchronous speed
C. In reverse direction at 1/7th of the fundamental synchronous speed
D. In forward direction at 1/7th of the fundamental synchronous speed
Construction, Working & Testing of 1-Phase Induction
Motors
Single-phase ac motors are used in largest number. This is due to
A. their great variety of useful services in the home, office, the factory, in
business establishment and on the farm
B. their wide applications in automatic control devices of various types
C. lower cost
D. both A. and B.
A dual voltage single phase ac motor can be operated on either
A. 230 or 400 V
B.30 or 400 V
C. 115 or 230 V
D. 160 or 320 V
Single-phase ac motors are classified on the basis of
A. construction
B. starting methods
C. size
D. Both construction and starting Methods
In a single-phase ac induction motor
A. stator is supplied with single-phase ac
B. rotor is supplied with single-phase ac.
C. rotor is a cage rotor
D. rotor is a wound rotor
E. both A. and C.
The rotor slots in an induction motor are, usually not kept parallel to the shaft
as it
A. helps the rotor teeth to remain under the stator teeth
B. helps in reducing the tendency of the rotor teeth to remain under the
stator teeth
C. improves pf
D. improves efficiency
A single-phase induction motor is
A. self starting
B. not self starting
C. self starting with the help of an auxiliary winding
D. none of the above
Double revolving field theory is based on the idea that pulsating field produced
in single phase motors can he resolved into two components of _____ its
amplitude and rotating in ______ direction with synchronous speed.
A. half, same
B. half, opposite
C. 1/√2 times, of same
 D. √2 times, opposite
When a single-phase induction motor is excited with single-phase ac voltage,
the magnetic field set up is equivalent to
A. two fields, rotating in opposite directions with different speeds
B. two fields, rotating at synchronous speed in opposite directions
C. two fields, rotating at synchronous speed
D. two fields, rotating in the same direction but at different speeds.

A single-phase induction motor with only the main winding excited would
exhibit the following response at synchronous speed
A. Rotor current is zero
B. Rotor current is non-zero and is at slip frequency
C. Forward and backward rotating fields are equal
D. Forward rotating field is more than backward rotating field
A single phase induction motor is running at N rpm. Its synchronous speed is
N1. If its slip with respect to forward field is s. what is the slip with respect to
the backward field?
A. s
B. -s
C. (1 - s)
D. (2 - S)
An 8-pole single-phase induction motor is running at 690 rpm. What is its slip
with respect to forward and backward fields, respectively?
A. 0.08. 2.0
B. 0.08. 1.92
C. 1.92, 0.08
D. 2.0, 0.08
A 230 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole, single-phase induction motor is rotating in the clockwise
(forward) direction at a speed of 1.425 rpm. If the rotor resistance at standstill
is 7.8 Ω, then the effective rotor resistance in the backward branch of the
equivalent circuit will be
A. 2 Ω B. 4 Ω C. 78 Ω
In a comparative study of the torque-slip characteristic of balanced polyphase
induction motor and that of single-phase induction motor, it is found that for
zero slip
A. the torque for the former is zero has a nonzero negative value for the
latter
B. the torque has a non-zero positive value on the former and has a non-
zero negative value on the latter
C. the torque is zero on both of the characteristics
 D. the torque has non-zero positive value on both of the characteristics

A rotating magnetic field is produced by current in two windings displaced by

90 electrical degrees. This is the principle of
A. phase sequence
B. phase splitting
C. phase timing
D. none of these
In an induction motor
A. stator current, stator flux and rotor emf are in phase
B. Rotor current and rotor flux are in phase and both lag
C. Rotor current rotor flux and rotor emf are in phase
D. both (a) and (b) are correct
Field created by rotor currents is at right angle to the field created by stator
currents and is so called the Crossfield. The Crossfield is ______ stator field at
actually operating speeds
A. somewhat weaker than
B. somewhat stronger than
C. of the same strength as that of
D. any of the above
In comparison to three-phase induction motors, single-phase induction motors
have
A. lower efficiency
B. lower pf
C. poor speed regulation
D. more slip at full load
 E. All of the above
The power factor at which single-phase induction motors usually operate is
A. 0.7 lag
B. 0.8 lag
C. 0.7 lead
D. unity
The no-load current of a single-phase induction motor around _____ % of full
load current
A. 10
B. 20
C. 40
D. 80
Which of the following test are performed on single-phase ac motors?
A. Stator winding resistance test.
B. Block rotor test
C. No-load test
D. All of the above
Single-phase induction motors are made self-starting by
A. increasing rotor resistance
B. using an external starting device
C. providing an additional winding on the stator called the auxiliary
winding
D. any of the above methods
The two windings are provided on the stator of a single-phase induction motor,
one winding and the other auxiliary winding are connected
A. in parallel
B. in series
C. either in series or in parallel depending on the design of the motor
D. through inductive coupling
The stator winding of a single-phase induction motor is splitted into two parts
in order to
A. improve efficiency
B. improve power factor
C. development starting torque
D. increases speed
In a single-phase induction motor
A. both the main and auxiliary windings are placed on stator
B. both the main and auxiliary windings are placed on rotor
C. main winding is placed on stator and auxiliary windings on rotor
D. auxiliary winding is placed on stator and main winding on rotor
single-phase induction motor employs ______ rotor.
A. squirrel cage
B. wound
C. either squirrel cage or wound
D. none of the above
For the same rating, the size of a single phase induction motor is about ______
that of the corresponding 3-phase induction motor
A. 3 times
B. the same as
C. 1.5 times
D. 0.33 times
For the same rating, the p.f. of a single phase induction motor is _____ that of
3-phase induction motor.
A. the same as
B. less than
C. more than
D. none of the above
For the same rating, the efficiency of a single-phase induction motor is _____
that of 3-phase induction motor.
A. Less than
B. The same as
C. More than
D. None of the above
Most of the single phase induction motors are ________ machine.
A. 2-pole
B. 6-pole
C. 8-pole
D. 4-pole
The purpose of starting winding in a single phase induction motor is to
A. Reduce losses
B. Limit temperature rise of the machine
C. Produce rotating flux in conjunction with main winding
D. None of the above
Starting, Split Phase, Capacitor Start 1-Phase Induction Motors
In case of a split-phase motor, the phase shift between currents in the two
windings is around
A. 30°
B. 70°
C. 90°
D. 120°
The torque developed by a single-phase induction motor drops to zero at
A. synchronous speed.
B. a speed slightly above synchronous speed.
C. a speed slightly below synchronous speed.
D. none of the above.
Phase-splitting can be accomplished in a single-phase induction motor
A. only by adding a capacitor in series with the auxiliary winding.
B. only by causing the auxiliary winding to have high reactance.
C. only by causing the auxiliary winding to have low resistance.
D. by any one of the above three methods.
In a split-phase motor the ratio of number of turns on auxiliary winding to that
on main winding is
A. unity
B. less than one.
C. more than one.
D. two
Why is a centrifugal switch used in a single-phase induction motor?
(A) To protect the motor from overloading.
(b) To improve the starting performance of the motor.
(c) To cut off the starting winding at an appropriate instant.
(d) To cut in the capacitor during running Conditions

In a split-phase motor, the running winding should have

A. high resistance and low inductance.
B. high resistance as well as high inductance.
C. low resistance and high inductance.
D. low resistance as well as low inductance
Centrifugal switch fitted on the rotor will operate when
A. rotor speed reaches its rated condition.
B. rotor speed exceeds 70 per cent of its rated value.
C. rotor speed exceeds synchronous speed.
D. rotor speed exceeds 40 per cent of its rated value
The torque-speed characteristic of two phase induction motor is largely
affected by
A. voltage
B. speed
C. X/R ratio
D. supply frequency
Which of the following statement(s) about split-phase motors is/are correct?
 A. Its starting torque is 1.5 to 2 times of full-load running torque.
B. Its starting current is about 7 times of full-load current.
C. Main winding and auxiliary winding currents are about 30° out of
phase
D. All of the above
The direction of rotation of a split-phase induction motor can be reversed by
reversing the connections to the supply of
A. auxiliary winding only. B. main winding only.
C. either (a) or (b) D. both (a) and (b) simultaneously

Starting torque can be obtained in the case of a single-phase induction motor

with identical main and auxiliary windings by connecting
A. a capacitor across the mains.
B. a capacitor in series with the machine.
C. a capacitor in series with the auxiliary winding.
D. the main and the auxiliary winding in series
The capacitor in a capacitor start induction run ac motor is connected in series
with
A. Starting winding
B. Running winding
C. Squirrel cage winding
D. Compensating winding
In a single-phase capacitor-start induction motor, the direction of rotation
A. can be changed by reversing the main winding terminals.
B. cannot be changed.
C. is dependent on the size of the capacitor.
D. can be changed only in large capacitor Motors
In a single-phase induction motor driving a fan load, the reason for having a
high resistance rotor is to achieve
A. low starting torque.
B. quick acceleration.
C. high efficiency.
D. reduced size
Capacitor in a single-phase induction motor is used for
A. improving the power factor.
B. improving the starting torque.
C. starting the motor.
D. reducing the harmonics
For a single-phase capacitor start induction motor which of the following
statements is valid?
 A. The capacitor is used for power factor improvement.
B. The direction of rotation can be changed by reversing the main
winding terminals.
C. The direction of rotation cannot be changed.
D. The direction of rotation can be changed by interchanging the supply
terminals
The capacitor usually used on 1440 rpm, 50 Hz capacitor-start induction
motor is of electrolytic type and _______ capacity.
A. 10 μF
B. 100 μF
C. 350 μF
D. 800 μF
A capacitor selected for capacitor-start induction motor should be rated for
A. peak voltage
B. rms voltage
C. average voltage
D. none of these

The capacitor employed in a capacitor start induction motor has no

A. voltage rating
B. polarity marking
C. dielectric rating
D. definite capacitance value
The value of capacitor for a capacitor start induction motor is determined by
its
A. speed
B. efficiency
C. starting torque
D. power factor
The phase-split in a capacitor-start induction motor can be adjusted to
approximately 90° by
A. selecting capacitor employed in the auxiliary winding of correct value.
B. adjusting the reactance of the main winding.
C. adjusting the supply voltage
D. choosing correct number of turns of the auxiliary winding
A capacitor-start single phase induction motor is used for
A. easy to start loads.
B. medium start loads
C. hard to start loads.
D. any type of start loads
The capacitor-start motor like resistance-start motor, has the auxiliary winding
disconnected by means of a centrifugal switch as the motor picks up speed.
This is necessary because
(a) the capacitance that gives the largest starting torque is about four
times too big for the best running conditions.
(b) if the capacitor is used only for starting. It can be electrolytic type
which is much smaller and cheaper than the paper capacitor required for
continuous operation.
(c) both (a) and (b).
(d) none of these
In comparison to a resistance-start motor, the capacitor-start motor does
not have
A. high starting torque (about double).
B. low starting current (about half).
C. high running torque.
D. larger phase difference between two winding currents.
A capacitor-start induction motor is switched on to supply with its capacitor
replaced by an inductor of equivalent reactance. The motor will
A. not start at all.
B. start and run slowly.
C. start and run at rated speed.
D. start with humming noise
lf the capacitor of a capacitor-start induction motor is short circuited, the
motor will
A. start.
B. not start.
C. burn.
D. start with jerks
If the capacitor of a capacitor-start single phase motor fails to open when the
picks up speed.
A. The motor will stop.
B. The auxiliary winding will be damaged.
C. The winding will be damaged
D. None of the above
A single-phase induction motor is provided with capacitor and centrifugal
switch in series with auxiliary winding. The switch is expected
to operate at a speed of 0.7 NS, but due to malfunctioning the switch fails to
operate. The torque-speed characteristic of the motor is represented by
In comparison to resistance-start induction motor the permanent capacitor
motor
A. is more expensive
B. has better power factor
C. has better starting torque.
D. All of the above
Which one of the following capacitor-start split phase motor will have the
largest value of capacitance?
A.0.5 hp; 3,450 rpm.
B.0.25 hp;1,725 rpm.
C.0.5 hp;1,140 rpm.
D.0.75 hp;1,140 rpm.
Capacitor Run, Capacitor Start Capacitor Run & Shaded Pole Motor
The direction of rotation of a single-phase capacitor run induction motor is
reversed by
A. interchanging the terminals of the supply
B. interchanging the terminals of the capacitor
C. interchanging the terminals of the auxiliary winding
D. interchanging the terminals of both the Windings
Capacitor-stator capacitor-run induction motor is basically a ____ motor.
A. two phase
B. ac series
C. commutator
D. synchronous
In a capacitor-stator capacitor run induction motor
A. οil impregnated paper of small value and continuous rating is connected in
series with the main winding
B. larger value electrolytic short duty capacitor is connected in series with
auxiliary winding through a centrifugal switch.
C. low value oil impregnated paper capacitor is connected in series with the
auxiliary winding through a centrifugal switch
D. Both A and B
In a capacitor-start and run 1-phase induction motor, starting capacitor C1 and
permanent capacitor C2 are as under:
A. C1 : electrolytic type; C2 : paper type
B. C1 : electrolytic type; C2 : mica type
C. C1 : mica type; C2 : electrolytic type
D. C1 : paper type; C2 : electrolytic type
In a capacitor-start and run 1-phase induction motor, the value of capacitor
connected in series with starting winding is approximately ______ times that
of capacitor connected in the main or running winding.
A. 1/3
B. 3
C. ½ D. 2
Which one of the following statements regarding a capacitor start capacitor
run single phase induction motor is correct?
A. One of the capacitors in the circuit during starting and both are in the
circuit during running
B. Both the capacitors are in the circuit during staring and one of them in
the circuit during running
C. Both the capacitors are in the circuit during starting and running
D. One of the capacitor in the circuit starting and other is in the circuit
during running
As compared to capacitor-start motors two capacitor type induction motor
have
A. better power factor and better efficiency
B. constant torque and so quite operation
C. greater overload capacity
D. all of the above
Two capacitor type induction motors have the main drawback of
A. high cost
B. low power factor
C. pulsating torque
D. poor starting torque
Two capacitor type single phase induction motor is generally coupled with the
air conditioner compressor because it
A. is cheaper
B. is quite in operation
C. has low starting as well as running currents
D. Both (B) and (C)
Capacitor-start and capacitor-run motors are used in
A. hoists
B. rolling mills
C. mining
D. refrigerator
In a ceiling fan employing permanent capacitor motor
A. secondary winding surrounds the primary winding
B. primary winding surrounds the secondary winding
C. both are usual arrangements
D. none of the above

In comparison to capacitor-start capacitor-run motor, the permanent

capacitor motor has
A. simple construction and low cost
B. poor power factor
C. poor starting torque
D. all of the above
Which of the following statements regarding permanent capacitor motor is
false ?
A. It does not have a centrifugal switch
B. It does not have a starling winding and a squirrel cage rotor
C. Its auxiliary winding is designed for continuous rating
D. It is more sensitive to voltage variations due to its poor running
torque
In a shaded pole motor the phase splitting is achieved by placing a shading
coil at the slot cut around the
A. larger part of the pole
B. smaller part of the pole
C. both the parts of the pole
D. any of the above
In a shaded pole motor, the rotating field is developed by using
A. salient poles
B. a capacitor
C. shading coils
D. damper winding
Shaded pole motor is provided with
A. laminated salient poles and a squirrel cage rotor
B. a commutator.
C. a capacitor
D. a centrifugal switch
In a shaded-pole motor, shading coils are used to
A. reduce winding losses
B. reduce friction losses
C. produce rotating magnetic field
D. protect against sparking

In a shaded-pole induction motor, the rotor runs from the

A. shaded portion to the unshaded portion of the pole while the flux in
the former leads that of the latter
B. shaded portion to the unshaded portion of the pole while the flux in
the former lags that in the latter
C. unshaded portion to the shaded portion while the flux in the former
leads that in the latter
D. unshaded portion to the shaded portion while the flux in the former
lags that in the latter

Consider the following statements regarding fractional horse power shaded

pole motor;

1. Its direction of rotation is from unshaded to shaded portion of the poles

2. Its direction of rotation is from shaded to unshaded portion of the poles
3. It can remain stalled for short periods without any harm
4. It has a very poor power factor

Of these statements
A. 1, 3 and 4 are correct B. 2, 3 and 4 are correct
C. 2 and 4 are correct D. 1 and 3 are correct
Which of the following are the features of a shaded pole motor?

1. Salient pole stator

2. Uniform air gap
3. Two stator windings one of which is a short-circuited ring
4. Squirrel cage rotor

Select the correct answer using the codes given below: Codes:
A. 1 and 4
B. 2 and 4
C. 1, 3 and 4
D. 1, 2 and 3
In a shaded pole induction motor, locked rotor currents is ______ full-load
current
A. less than
B. equal to
C. slightly more than
D. several times the
The direction of rotation of a shaded pole induction motor
A. cannot be reversed unless there is a provision for shifting of shading
coil from one half to the other half of the pole
B. can be reversed by interchanging main winding terminals
C. can be reversed by interchanging the supply terminals
D. can be reversed by open-circuiting the shading rings
The speed of single-phase induction motors can be controlled by
A. varying the applied voltage to the stator winding
B. varying the number of poles on the stator
C. either A. or B.
D. none of these
The wattage rating for a ceiling motor will be in the range
A. 50 to 250 W
B. 250 to 500 W
C. 50 to 150 W
D. 10. to 20 W
In various types of split-phase 1-phase induction motors, the starting torques
produced are in the following descending order
A. Capacitor-split, resistor-split, shaded pole
B. Capacitor-split, shaded-pole. resistor split
C. Resistor-split, capacitor-split, shaded pole
D. Shaded pole. resistor-split, capacitor-split
Consider the following types of single-phase motors:
1. Capacitor start induction motor
2. Capacitor start and run induction motor
3. Permanent split capacitor motor
4. Shaded pole motor
The correct sequence of these in the ascending order of magnitude of starting
torque is
A. 1-2-3-4 B. 2-3-4-1
C. 3-4-2-1 D. 4-3-2-1
Consider the following single-phase motors
I Capacitor start motor
II Capacitor start and run motor
III Permanent split capacitor motor
IV Shaded pole motor The correct sequence of the increasing order of their
cost is
A. IV. Ill, II, I. B. IV. III, I, II. C. Ill. IV, II, I. D. Ill, IV, I, II.
A ceiling fan uses
A. capacitor run motor
B. capacitor-start capacitor run motor
C. capacitor start motor
D. universal motor
The washing machines generally employ
A. single phase series motor
B. resistance split-phase motor
C. shaded-pole motor
D. hysteresis motor
If a single phase induction motor runs at a speed lower than the rated one, the
most likely defect is
A. improper size fuses
B. worn-out bearings or low voltage or overload
C. open-circuit in the winding
D. short-circuit in the winding
An electric motor gets overheated. This may be due to
A. overloading
B. shorted stator winding
C. worn-out or dry bearings
D. any of the above
Burning out of windings is due to
A. open-circuited capacitor
B. short-circuited capacitor
C. capacitor of improper rating
D. none of the above
An open in the centrifugal switch circuit gives an indication of
A. open winding
B. shorted winding
C. grounded winding
D. none of these
Starting or auxiliary winding of a single phase motor used in a refrigerator is
disconnected from the circuit by
A. centrifugal switch
B. magnetic relay
C. thermal relay
D. any of the above
Which of the following motors are used in largest number ?
A. Fractional horse power motors
B. 3-phase induction motors
C. DC shunt motors
D. Synchronous motors
Which of the following is not the induction motor?
A. Squirrel cage
B. Slip-ring
C. Reluctance
D. Double cage
In hand tool applications, which one of the following single-phase motors is
used?
A. Shaded pole motor
B. Capacitor start motor
C. Capacitor run motor
D. AC series motor
The type of single-phase induction motor having the highest power factor
at full load is
A. Shaded pole type
B. Split-phase type
C. Capacitor start type
D. Capacitor run type