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Product: WHEEL LOADER
Model: 950F WHEEL LOADER 7ZF00701
Configuration: 950F WHEEL LOADER 7ZF00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY
3116 ENGINE

Testing and Adjusting

950F & 950 SERIES II WHEEL LOADER STEERING SYSTEM
Media Number -SENR4928-02 Publication Date -01/07/1993 Date Updated -11/10/2001

Testing And Adjusting

Introduction
Reference: For Specifications with illustrations, make reference to SENR4927, 950F & 950F Series II
Wheel Loader Steering Systems Specifications. If the Specifications in SENR4927 are not the same as in
the Systems Operation and the Testing and Adjusting, look at the printing date on the cover of each book.
Use the Specification in the book with the latest date.

Steering System

Personal injury or death can result from improperly checking for a

leak.

Always use a board or cardboard when checking for a leak. Escaping

fluid under pressure, even a pinhole size leak, can penetrate body tissue,
causing serious injury, and possible death. If fluid is injected into your
skin, it must be treated immediately by a doctor familiar with this type
of injury.

Sudden movement of the machine or release of oil under pressure can

cause injury to persons on or near the machine.

To prevent possible injury, perform the procedure that follows before

testing and adjusting the hydraulic system.

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1. Move the machine to a smooth horizontal location. Move away from working machines and personnel.
Stop the engine.

2. Permit only one operator on the machine. Keep all other personnel either away from the machine or in
view of the operator.

3. Engage the parking brake. Lower the bucket to the ground. Stop the engine. Put blocks in front of and
behind the wheels.

4. Push on the brake pedal many times until there is no more brake oil pressure. When the pressure has
been removed from the brake circuit, there will be no pressure in the hydraulic circuit.

5. Make sure all hydraulic pressure is released before any fitting, hose or component is loosened,
tightened, removed or adjusted.

When any test is made to the steering hydraulic system, the hydraulic oil must be at the normal
temperature for operation. To increase the oil temperature, start the engine, lift the bucket and turn the
machine in both directions.

Visual Checks

Personal injury or death can result from improperly checking for a

leak.

Always use a board or cardboard when checking for a leak. Escaping

air or fluid under pressure, even a pin-hole size leak, can penetrate body
tissue, causing serious injury, and possible death. If fluid is injected into
your skin, it must be treated immediately by a doctor familiar with this
type of injury.

The 5S5123, 8T5320 and 6V4161 Hydraulic Test Groups, or 1U5481 Pressure Gauge Group are used to
make the pressure test of the steering system. Before any tests are made, visually inspect the complete
steering system for leakage of oil and for parts that have damage. For some of the tests, a magnet and a
measuring rule (either for inches or millimeters) are usable tools.

Visual checks and measurements are the first step when troubleshooting a possible problem. Then
perform the operation checks and last the instrument tests. Lower the bucket to the ground and stop the
engine. To remove the hydraulic tank fill cap, slowly turn the fill cap until it is loose. If oil comes out,
allow the tank pressure to lower before the fill cap is removed. Before any operation checks are made to
the steering system, visually inspect the complete system as follows:

1. Measure the oil level.

2. Check for cracks or wear in hoses and lines.

3. Check for restriction of flow; like sharp bends, clamps that are not installed correctly, and damage to
hoses and lines.

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4. Check for loose connections.

5. Check for damage to components.

Performance Tests
Performance tests of the steering system can be used for a diagnosis of poor performance and to find the
source of internal and external oil leakage in the hydraulic system.

Problem: Steering wheel is hard to turn.

Probable Cause:

1. Oil is cold.
2. Restriction in metering pump pilot lines.
3. Pilot lines to metering pump are not connected to proper ports.
4. Steering pump pressure is low.
5. Bolts are too tight for metering section of metering pump.

Timing Of Metering Pump Drive

(1) Pin. (2) Internal pump gear.

6. Timing of metering pump drive is not correct [pin (1) must align with valley of internal pump
gear (2)].

Problem: Steering wheel is hard to turn when steering quickly away from a full turn.

Probable Cause:

Not enough clearance between ball check and plug assembly in neutralizer valve.

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Problem: Steering wheel can be turned when the machine is at full turn.

Probable Cause:

1. Adjustment of striker (stud assembly) for neutralizer valve is not correct.

2. Seat for the neutralizer ball check has a defect.
3. Relief valve opens before striker moves the neutralizer valve stem.

Problem: Machine does not turn smoothly.

Probable Cause:

Flow control valve does not move freely.

Problem: Machine turns too slow in both directions.

Probable Cause:

1. Springs for flow control valve are not adjusted correctly.

2. Not enough flow from primary steering pump section.
3. Main control spool does not move all the way.

Problem: Machine turns too slow in one direction.

Probable Cause:

Flow balance adjustment of main control spool is not correct. (See Steering Time Check in Testing and
Adjusting).

Problem: Machine turns correctly when moving, but is slow in both directions when the machine
turns against a load (high resistance).

Probable Cause:

1. Leakage past relief valve seat or seals.

2. Leakage past both ball resolver seats.
3. The fit of the flow control valve in the bore is not correct.

Problem: Machine turns correctly when moving, but is slow in one direction when the machine
turns against a load (high resistance).

Probable Cause:

1. Right turn: leakage past upper ball resolver seat or seal.

2. Left turn: leakage past lower ball resolver seat or seal.

Problem: Machine does not turn when steering wheel is turned.

Probable Cause:

1. Flow control valve will not move from the open position.
2. A defect in the pilot relief valve or seat.
3. Failure of the seal around the seat for the pilot relief valve at higher system pressures.

NOTE: Some steering "slip" is normal. See Steering Slip Check in Testing and Adjusting.

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Problem: Machine turns by itself (operator does not turn the steering wheel).

Probable Cause:

1. Spool in steering valve does not return to neutral correctly.

2. The mounting bolts for the steering control valve are too tight.
3. The bolts are too tight for the end covers of the steering control valve.
4. Manufacturing tolerances on spool in steering control valve do not permit spool to go back to
neutral.

NOTE: This may be corrected by turning the spool in steering control valve around in its bore
(turn end for end). To do this, the spring, retainer, and shims must be installed on the opposite end
of the spool. An adjustment may be necessary for the steering times.

5. Steering wheel turns without operator turning it.

a. Foreign material causes sleeve valves in metering pump to stick.
b. Metering pump centering (leaf) springs are broken or damaged.

Problem: Machine turns too fast to make small steering corrections when the machine moves at fast
speeds.

Probable Cause:

1. Flow control valve adjustment is not correct. (See Steering Time Check in Testing and
Adjusting).
2. Main control spool does not move freely.
3. Metering orifices on main control spool are filled with foreign material or were not drilled
correctly.

Problem: Pump makes noise and the steering cylinder rod does not move smoothly.

Probable Cause:

1. Air in the steering hydraulic circuit.

2. The pump has too much wear.
3. Loose connection of the oil line on the inlet side of the pump.
4. The viscosity of the oil is incorrect.
5. The relief valve opens at a low pressure.
6. The oil level in the tank is low.

Pump Efficiency Check

For any pump test at a given rpm, the pump flow at 690 kPa (100 psi) will be larger than the pump flow at
6900 kPa (1000 psi). The difference between the pump flow of the two operating pressures is the flow
loss.

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Flow loss when expressed as a percent of pump flow is used as a measure of pump performance.

If the percent of flow loss is more than 10%, pump performance is not good enough.

*Numbers in examples are for illustration and are not values for any specific pump or pump condition.
See Specifications for pump flow of a new pump at 690 kPa (100 psi) and 6900 kPa (1000 psi).

Machine Test
Install a Flow Meter. For Formula I, measure pump flow at 690 kPa (100 psi) and at 6900 kPa (1000 psi)
with the engine at high idle rpm.

Bench Test
If the test bench can be run at 6900 kPa (1000 psi) and at full pump rpm, find the percent of flow loss
using Formula I.

If the test bench cannot be run at 6900 kPa (1000 psi) and at full pump rpm, run the pump shaft at 1000
rpm. Measure the pump flow at 690 kPa (100 psi) and at 6900 kPa (1000 psi). Use these values in the top
part of Formula II. For the bottom part of the formula, run the pump shaft at 2000 rpm. Measure the pump
flow at 690 kPa (100 psi).

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Steering Force Check

Check the force needed to turn the steering wheel very slowly.

(a) Torque to turn the steering wheel when the engine is stopped ... 4.0 to 4.5 N·m (35 to 40 lb in)

(b) Torque to turn the steering wheel when the engine is at low idle ... 2.3 to 2.8 N·m (20 to 25 lb in)

Steering Time Check

To check the steering time, put the machine on a dry, hard surface. With the engine at high idle, the time
for a full turn, from stop to stop, must not be more than 2.5 ± .4 seconds.

The difference between the time for a right turn and the time for a left turn must not be more than .3
second. With the brakes activated, the time must not increase more than .2 second.

If the difference between the times for a full right turn and a full left turn is more than .3 second:

Steering Control Valve

(1) Control valve. (2) Flow balance shims. (3) Cylinder flow shims.

1. Remove the end cover from steering control valve (1).

2. Add flow balance shims (2) to decrease the right turn time (steer faster) and increase the left turn time
(steer slower). If the flow balance shims are removed, the result is opposite.

3. Shims (2) are available in two thicknesses.

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5J4776 Shims are 0.13 mm (.005 in) thick. Two 5J4776 Shims will change the steering time high idle by
approximately .05 second. 4J8224 Shims are 0.25 mm (.010 in) thick. Two 4J8224 Shims will change the
steering time at high idle by approximately .1 second.

Example: A check of the steering times shows that the right turn time is .4 second more than the left turn
time. Shims (2) must be added to decrease the difference between the times. The addition of four 4J8224
Shims will decrease the right turn time by approximately .2 second and increase the left turn time
approximately .2 second. This will make the right and left turn times approximately the same.

4. Replace the end cover on the control valve.

If both steering times (right and left) are slow, cylinder flow shims (3) must be added.

4J6806 Shim thickness ... 1.22 mm (.048 in)

One shim will change the steering times at high idle by approximately .1 second.

Steering System Pressure Test

Slowly loosen the fill cap on the tank to permit the pressure in the tank
to go down before installation or removal of any test equipment. To
prevent personal injury, make reference to WARNING on first page of
Testing And Adjusting section.

Main Relief Valve

Steering Frame Lock Link Installed Steering frame lock link.

1. Install the steering frame lock link so the machine can not turn.

NOTE: If the steering frame lock link can not be installed, the pressure setting can be checked by an
adjustment of the striker that is not correct. This allows the front and rear frame stops come in contact.

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Steering System Pressure Tap

(1) Pressure tap.

2. Assembly the necessary hoses and install a pressure gauge (0 to 28 000 kPa or 0 to 4000 psi) to
pressure tap (1).

3. Start the engine and operate it at high idle.

4. Turn the steering wheel in both directions until the relief valve opens. Note the indication on the gauge.
The correct relief pressure setting is 17 225 ± 340 kPa (2500 ± 50 psi).

Steering Control Valve

(2) Shims. (3) Plug.

5. If the pressure is not the same in both directions, there is a problem in the shuttle valve. If the pressure
is the same in both directions, but the pressure is not correct, adjust the main relief valve.

6. Stop the engine.

7. Remove plug (3) from the steering control valve.

8. Add shims (2) to increase the pressure setting and remove shims if a decrease is necessary. Reinstall
the plug.

9. Start the engine and operate it at high idle.

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10. Turn the steering wheel in both directions until the relief valve opens. Note the indication on the
gauge. The correct relief pressure setting is 17 225 ± 340 kPa (2500 ± 50 psi).

11. After correct pressure setting is made, stop the engine. Remove the pressure gauge from the pressure
tap.

12. Remove the steering frame lock link.

Neutralizer Valve

Neutralizer Valve
(1) Striker. (2) Neutralizer valve. (3) Front frame stops (one on each side of machine).

To check the adjustment of striker (1):

1. Put a 12.7 mm (.50 in) ball of putty (or similar material) on front frame stops (3).

2. Start the engine and operate it at high idle.

3. Raise an empty bucket about 305 mm (12 in) and release the brakes.

4. With the engine at high idle, steer rapidly into both stops.

5. Stop the engine. Apply the parking brake.

6. Thickness of the putty must be 6.4 ± 3.0 mm (.25 ± .12 in) after the turns. This is the clearance between
the frame stops when a full turn is made.

7. If the clearance is not correct, adjust the strikers until the dimension is correct.

8. Repeat steps 1 through 6 until correct clearance is obtained.

Copyright 1993 - 2017 Caterpillar Inc. Wed Nov 01 2017 13:52:13 GMT-0500
All Rights Reserved.
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