Name:____________________________

Section:__________________________
LIVING IN THE IT ERA

MODULE I: LIVING IN THE IT ERA

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (ICT)

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to:
 Define ICT
 Trace the evolution of technology, particularly computers;
 Identify the different parts of the computer system, and categorize the different computer
peripherals;
 Assess why computers are considered powerful thinking machines;
 Explain the role of technology in media and how it affects communication; and
 Recognize the current trends in information technology.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Introduction to Information and Communication Technology
Sub topic: - Evolution of Technology
- History of Computers
- Component and Types of Computers
- Ethical Issues in ICT

III. PROCEDURE
A. Preliminaries
Pre- Assessment
1. Outline the evolution of technology and generation of computers.
2. Identify the different parts of the computer system, and categorize the different
computer peripherals.
3. Explain the role of technology in media and how it affects communication.
4. Recognize ethical issues in using ICT

B. Lesson Proper
In this module you can learn about different parts of a computer, as well as some of the
key concepts of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), such as those relating
to networks and security:
 Understand what hardware is, know about factors that affect computer
performance and know about the peripheral devices.
  Understand what software is and give examples of common applications software
and operating system software.
 Understand what Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is and give
examples of its practical applications in everyday life.
 Understand health and safety and environmental issues in relation to using
computers.
 Recognize the important security issues associated with using computers.
 Recognize the important legal issues in relation to copyright and data protection
associated with using computers.

1. Information Communications Technology

 Information and communications technology (ICT) refers to all the technology
used to handle telecommunications, broadcast media, intelligent building
management systems, audiovisual processing and transmission systems, and
network-based control and monitoring functions.
 “Related technologies that facilitate the transfer of information and various types
of electronically mediated communication.” (Zuppo, 2012)
 Technology presently includes advancements in communication and how
information is handled, thus enabling governments, organizations, industries, and
ordinary individuals to improve on their decision making, business processes, and
everyday living.

2. ICT Hierarchy by Colrain Zuppo

3. IT versus ICT
 ICT (Information Communications Technology) is technology that supports
activities involving information such as gathering, processing, storing, and
presenting data. These activities involves collaboration and communication.
  IT (Information Technology) pertains to the industry that involves computers,
software, networking, and other IT infrastructure to help relay or manage
information important in modern-day living as seen primarily in large companies
or corporations.

4. Breakdown of ICT
 Information
- refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study or research
some tools that transmit information are the telephone, cellphone, television and
radio
- regarded as processed data
- needed to make decisions and to foresee the future
Example:

 Knowledge
- Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or
something, such as facts, skills, or objects. It is usually called the processed
information. It helps to fulfill daily tasks.
 Communication
 It is considered a process in which information is exchanged between
individuals through verbal and non-verbal things.

 Technology
- a powerful tool that can be used by individuals to gather needed
- information to aid them in their day-to-day activities, simple to complex
- has evolved in ways that improves people’s daily activities
- it has made communication easier and faster
- it also made broadcasting of information more effective
5. Evolution of Technology
 The best technological breakthroughs aim for convenience, and, certainly,
technology has made people’s lives easier.

6. History of Computers
 First Generation: Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956)
- The first computer systems used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums
for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms.
- First generation computers relied on machine language, the lowest-level
programming language understood by computers, to perform operations, and
they could only solve one problem at a time.
- The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing
devices. The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered to a business
client, the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.

 ENAIC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer)

The first electronic general-purpose computer. It was Turing-complete, digital, and
could solve "a large class of numerical problems" through reprogramming.

 Second Generation : Transistors (1956-1963)

- The world would see transistors replace vacuum tubes in the second generation
of computers.
- The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to
become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than
their first-generation predecessors.
- Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to
symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify
instructions in words. High-level programming languages were also being
developed at this time, such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN.

 Third Generation : Integrated Circuits (1964-1971)

- The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third
generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon
chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency
of computers.
  Fourth Generation: Microprocessors (1971-1980)
- Very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits were used to build computers.
- Circuits have about 5 000 transistors and other circuit elements with their
connected circuits on a single chip known as microprocessor.
- Microprocessor technology has also been used and applied for pocket calculators,
television sets, automotive devices, and audio and video appliances.
- Personal computers, become more powerful, dense, reliable, and inexpensive.

 Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence (1980-onwards)

- The VLSI technology has evolved into Ultra Large-Scale Integration (ULSI)
technology.
- With the manufacture of microprocessor chips having 10 million electronic
components.
- Involves computer intelligence which is associated with Artificial Intelligence
(AI), natural language, and expert systems that interpret the means and
practices of producing computers that think like human being.

7. Elements of Computer System

 People
- The most important element of a computer system.
- They run and operate the computer.
- They build and improve computers.
- They write the programs and design desired output from a set of input data.
 Software
- Sets of instructions that tell the computer what to do to fulfill its task.
- Its purpose is to process data into useful information for people.
 Hardware
- The physical components that you can feel and touch.
- It includes the CPU, mouse, keyboard, printer, speaker and the monitor.
- It needs software to function properly.
 Data
- Philosophy
Things known or assumed as facts, making the basis of reasoning or
calculation.
- Computing
The quantities, characters, or symbols on which operations are performed by
a computer, being stored and transmitted in the form of electrical signals and
recorded on magnetic, optical, or mechanical recording media.
 Connectivity
- A computer means that a computer must be connected to other computers
especially through the internet.
 - Using the internet, people can share and access data and greatly expands
ones capability and reach.
 Procedure
- Are step by step instruction to follow when using hardware, software, and
data.
- List of procedures are normally written in manuals of hardware and software
manufacturers.

8. Types of Computers
 Supercomputers
- Very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require
immense amounts of mathematical calculations.
- Applications:
Weather Forecasting
Molecular Modeling
Quantum Physics
Nuclear Weapons Simulations
 Mainframes
- A very large and expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds, or even
thousands, of users simultaneously.
- Used by large corporations and organization for bulk data processing.
- Some applications:
Bank transactions
Consumer statistics
Large databases
 Servers
- A computer or device on a network that manages network resources.
- Different Types of Servers
a. File server: a computer and storage device dedicated  to storing files
b. Print server: a computer that manages one or more printers
c. Network server: is a computer that manages network traffic
d. Database server: a computer system that processes database queries
 Workstation
- A powerful, single-user computer
- Similar to personal computer but has more powerful microprocessor and a
higher- quality monitor
 Personal Computers
- A small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor.
- Designed to be operated by an individual whose size, price and capabilities
are determined by the usual application the person uses it for.

9. Types of Personal Computers

 Desktop Computers
- A personal computer in a set-up wherein it is located in one desk or table.
- Come in a variety of sizes usually determined by the size of the motherboard.
 NETTOP
- A new breed of desktop computers introduced by Intel
- Small in size and low in cost
 iMac
- Manufactured by Apple
- Development allowed the manufacture of desktop computers which are
combined in one case
- Reduce space requirement
- Improved aesthetically displayed desktop PC
 Laptop Computer
- A small personal computer whose components, display, keyboard, pointing
device, CPU and rechargeable battery are packed together in one single
portable unit intend for mobile use.
- Types of Laptop Computer:
Standard Laptop
Subnotebook
Netbook
 Table PC
- A notebook equipped with touchscreen which allows the user to operate the
computer using a digital pen, stylus or finger.
- Offers flexibility and functionality that a standard notebook cannot do.
Usually comes at a high price.
 Portable Computers
- Generally consider as microcomputers.
- Designed to be moved from one place to another and includes a display and
keyboard.
- Has a standard motherboard or backplane providing plug-in slots for add-in
cards.
- Types of Portable Computers
Pocket PC
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
Smart Phone
 Wearables
- Also known as, fashion technology, tech togs, or fashion electronics.
- Smart electronic devices (electronic device with micro-controllers) that can be
incorporated into clothing or worn on the body as implants or accessories.
- Includes fitness trackers and smartwatches.

 Smart TVs
 - The latest television sets that include applications present in computers.
- Can also be used as computer monitor and gaming monitor.

10. Input Devices

- Ways for people to interact with the computer.
- Allow the user to input data and commands into the computer.

 Mouse
- Acts as a pointing device.
- Used to choose and open programs and data files.
 Trackball
- A pointing device that uses a ball house in a socket to detect rotation.
- The user uses the thumb to move the ball and thereby the mouse pointer on
screen.
 Keyboard
- Converts numbers, letters and other characters to signal that the computer
can understand.
 Scanner
- An input device that copies the images and text on a piece of paper and then
converts them into signal that the computer can store and process.
 Digitizing Tablet or Graphic Tablet
- An electronic device that allows one to draw images by hand.
 Web Camera
- Also known as webcam
- Functions just like a digital camera
- Allows the user to place images video into the computer
 Microphone
- A voice and sound input into the computer.
- Allows user to speak and the computer will accept and record your voice into
the computer to enable it for processing.
 Joystick
- A pointing input device like a mouse.
- A control device that pivots around to move in any direction.
- Usually used in video games that involves aircraft control.
 Game pad/ Joy Pad
- A handheld game controller for computer games.
- It has buttons with which to control actions on the screen.

11. Output Devices

- Any peripheral that receives data from a computer, usually for display, projection, or
physical reproduction.
 Monitor
 - A visual display device to present information in the form of text, graphics or
videos.
- Types of Monitor:
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
LED (Light Emitting Diodes)
 Printer
- A computer output device that produces a permanent copy on paper of any
information from the computer.
- Types of Printer:
Dot Max Printer
Inkjet Printer
Laser Jet Printer
Plotter
Thermal Printer
 Speaker
- A device that converts analog audio signals into the equivalent air vibrations
in order to make audible sound.
 Headphones
- A pair of small loudspeaker drivers that are designed to be worn on or around
the head over a user's ears.
 Data Projector
- A device which projects the visual output of a computer onto a remote
screen.
- It is widely used in classrooms and auditoriums for instruction and slide
presentations.

12. Input / Output Peripherals

- These are computer peripherals that functions as input and output devices that
provide input data as well as produces output information.
 Modulator-Demodulator (Modem)
- A communication device that allows the computer to receive and send data
and information to and from other computers.
 Headset
- A head worn unit containing a microphone and one or two speakers.
 Touch Screen
- A display that can sense the incidence and position of a touch within the
screen area.

13. System Unit

- The enclosure composed of the main elements of a computer that are used to
administer data.
 - Can be referred to as the computer case or tower.
- The circuitry contains the primary components of a computer with connectors into
which other circuit boards can be positioned, called motherboard.

 Components of System Unit

 Storage Devices
- Any computing hardware that is used for storing, porting and extracting data
files and objects.
14. Digital Age, Information Age, and Computer Age
- Characterized by the shift from traditional industry to information technology-based
economy brought by industrialization during the Industrial Revolution.
- Continues to change over time as new technologies, user devices, and methods of
interaction with other people and devices enter the domain of research,
development, and market launch.
- Characterized by digital industry creating a knowledge-based society surrounded by a
high-tech global economy that exerts its influence on how the manufacturing process
and the service sector work in an efficient and convenient manner.
 Media In the Digital Age
- The means of communication that uses unique tools to interconnect among
people.
- Forms of media include television, radio, cellular phones, and internet.
- Can be considered as the message, the medium and the messenger.

15. Evolution of Media

The media has transformed itself based on two things…
1. How information is presented
2. How connection is established.
 Woodcut printing on cloth or on
- Paper was used in the early 15th century.
 1436 when Johannes Gutenberg
 - Started working on a printing press which used relief printing and a molding
system.
 1800s when the telegraph was
- Developed followed by the telephone which made the two-way
communication possible.
 At the beginning of 1900s, broadcasting and recorded media were introduced.
 Radio and television were used to send sound and video to homes and offices
through electromagnetic spectrum or radio waves.
 Films and movies became popular as they catered to large audiences.
 As communication devices also evolved and became pervasive, so did information
distribution. A photo taken using a smartphone can immediately be uploaded and
shared on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram.
 Community websites such as OLX.ph, a Philippine counterpart of ebay.com, lets its
users buy and sell items online.

16. Overview of Current Trends

This refers to something hip or popular at a certain point in time. It can be a particular
style in fashion, devices, or entertainment. A new trend may always come along to replace
the old one. Following Moore’s Law, technology is bound to upgrade itself every two years.
In 1965, Gordon Moore predicted that the computing power would dramatically increase
over time. Bus as it increases, cost is expected to proportionally go down.

 Smartphones are capable of doing the aforementioned activities and a lot more
through applications or “apps” made available online. The term “smartphone” was
coined as the cellular or mobile phone has now become smarter—it can run apps
which help people perform their day-to-day activities.

17. Ethical Issues in ICT

 Plagiarism
- It is an act of theft in which a person copies another person’s ideas, words, or
writings, etc., and pass them off as his or her own. Those who committed such
action may lead to serious legal and ethical defilements.
 Exploitation
- It is an action in which one deals with a person dishonestly, unethically, and
dishonorably, in order to take advantage of the latter’s works and/or
resources. This leads to unlawful actions.
 Libel
- It can either be an insult, slur, or slander. Either written or spoken or even
through actions, it may lead to libel if the accusation is not true and without
any piece of evidence.
 - Software Piracy refers to an act of installing or copying a software into the
computer in the absence of an end-user licensing agreement (EULA), and/or
producing a copy disregarding the copyrights.

ACTIVITY 1: EXTERNAL COMPUTER PARTS IDENTIFICATION

Identify the various external parts that make up a computer. Write your answer on the blank
spaces provided below.

1
2

3 4

5 6

1. _________________________ 4. _________________________
2. _________________________ 5. _________________________
3. _________________________ 6. _________________________
ACTIVITY 2: TYPES OF COMPUTERS
Identify the following types of computer. Write your answer on the blank spaces provided below.

Super Computer Workstation Wearables

Servers Laptop Smartphones
Mainframes Desktop Tablet PC

___________________1.

___________________2.

___________________3.
____________________4.

__________________5.

__________________6.

__________________7.

__________________8.
___________________9.

ACTIVITY 3. INPUT / OUTPUT

Classify the following devices on the box whether Input or Output.

Keyboard Joystick Microphone Monitor Earphones

Scanner Speakers Stylus Projector
Touchpad Mouse Camera (web, digital) Printer

INPUT OUTPUT

ACTIVITY 4: MULTIPLE CHOICE

Write the letter of the correct answer.
______1. Which of the following is not a hardware?
a) Printer c) Network Card
b) Internet browser d) Monitor
______2. Software for digital photo editing is called?
a) OpenOffice.org c) Microsoft Office
b) Adobe Photoshop d) Mozilla Firefox

______3. Which of the following is not an operating system?

a) OpenOffice.org c) Linux
b) DOS d) Windows XP

______4. Which of the following is not application software?

a) OpenOffice.org c) Sophos Antivirus
b) Mozilla Firefox d) Windows Vista

______5. Computers in a firm are connected to a network, so the staff could work together
on files and share printers. That network is called:
a) LAN c) WAN
b) FTP d) ISDN

______6. What is the name of the software, which is a core program on a computer, and is
automatically loaded when the computer is turned on?
a) Shareware c) Operating system
b) Freeware d) Licensed software

______7. Hardware component that integrates other components into a computer is:
a) Motherboard c) Hard disk drive (HDD)
b) Graphics card d) Keyboard

______8. Physical parts of the computer are called:

a) Hardware c) Personal Computer – PC
b) Network computer d) Software

______9. Type of malware that can replicate autonomously and can corrupt data on your
computer, is called:
a) Mouse c) Lion
b) Worm d) Sparrow

______10. Copyright
a) Inhibit software piracy
b) Protect software against viruses
c) Disable the firewall
d) Protect software author's rights (from unauthorized copying and distribution)
 ______11. Which of the following is the best way to protect your computer against data loss?
a) Create database c) “Surfing” the Internet
b) Create backup copies on storage media d) Often change password

______12. Which of the following is not a medium for data storage?

a) Keyboard c) USB Stick
b) Hard disk d) DVD disk
______13. The input device, designed for digitizing, i.e. direct input of paintings, drawings or
text, usually from paper to computer, is called:
a) Touch screen c) Plotter
b) Scanner d) Digital camera

______14. The number, that comes with legally purchased software and certifies the origin of
that program, is called:
a) Freeware c) Open source
b) Copyright d) Identification No. of the software product

______15. What is the function of Firewall?

a) Organizes the software installed on your computer
b) Creates complex documents
c) Monitors and enables control of incoming and/or outgoing data traffic
d) Does complex accounting calculations

ACTIVITY 5: FILL IN THE BLANKS

Answer the following questions by writing the appropriate words on the blank spaces.

1. A ___________ is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in

its memory, which accepts and processes data and outputs the results to a user.
2. Computer systems are made up of a number of ___________ which function together as a
complete unit.
3. Computers differ from other electronic devices since they can be_________ to solve a wide
variety of problems.
4. The __________ consists of input, processing, control, output and storage.
5. For a computer to operate, it must be given a detailed set of __________that tell it exactly
what to do.
6. The process of initial loading of the operating system is called_________ the computer.
7. ___________ software are programs that tell the computer how to perform specific task(s).