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Macromolecules Worksheet

The document summarizes the four main classes of organic macromolecules that are essential to life: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes their structures, functions, and key components. Carbohydrates are made of sugars and provide energy. Lipids are made of fatty acids and glycerol and store energy. Proteins are made of amino acids and serve as enzymes, hormones, and structures. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA contain nucleotides and store and express genetic information. The document also includes a matching section to test comprehension of the macromolecule terms.

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678 views2 pages

Macromolecules Worksheet

The document summarizes the four main classes of organic macromolecules that are essential to life: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes their structures, functions, and key components. Carbohydrates are made of sugars and provide energy. Lipids are made of fatty acids and glycerol and store energy. Proteins are made of amino acids and serve as enzymes, hormones, and structures. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA contain nucleotides and store and express genetic information. The document also includes a matching section to test comprehension of the macromolecule terms.

Uploaded by

ddhhdhdhd
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Macromolecules Worksheet

Compounds can be organic or inorganic


Organic - compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms
Inorganic - compounds that DO NOT contain both carbon and hydrogen

There are four classes of organic compounds that are central to life on earth.
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates (Long chains of sugars/monosaccharides)


1. Functions - energy
a. Sugar - quick energy
b. Starch - long term energy
2. Make up - C, H, and O
a. Monosaccharides - carbohydrate made up of one type of sugar (ex. Glucose)
b. Disaccharides - carbohydrates made up of two sugars bonded together
(ex. Glucose + Glucose = Maltose)
c. Polysaccharide - complex carbohydrate made up of chains of monosaccharides
ex. Starch - food storage compound found in plants
Cellulose - makes up the cell wall of plants
Glycogen - a food storage compound in animals

Lipids (Fats, Oils, Waxes. Long chains of fatty acids/triglycerides)


1. Function
a. Fat - stores energy (twice as much as carbohydrates)
b. Plant Wax – keeps plants from dehydrating
c. Cholesterol – forms membranes of cells and organelles
2. Make-Up - C, H, and O (less oxygen than in carbohydrates)
Triglyceride - consists of 3 fatty acids and one molecule of glycerol
(fatty acids are made from CH2 units)
3. Insoluble in Water
4. Fats that are in a liquid state at room temperature are OILS

Proteins (long chains of amino acids)


1. Functions
a. Enzymes
b. Hormones
c. Structural Parts of Organisms
2. Make-Up - C, H, O, and N
a. There are 20 different kinds of amino acids
b. amino acids are held together by a peptide bond (when a peptide bond is formed,
a molecule of water is lost)
c. Dipeptide - two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond
Tripeptide - dipeptide and an amino acid
Polypeptide - long chain of amino acids

Nucleic Acids (made up of nucleotides)


1. Functions
a. DNA - stores genetic information
b. RNA - makes proteins
2. Make-Up
a. made up of nucleotides
b. a nucleotide consists of a 5-carbon sugar group, a phosphate group, and a
nitrogenous base
3. There are two basic kinds of nucleic acids. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) which contains the
sugar ribose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which contains the sugar deoxyribose.
4. DNA - 2 strands of nucleotides; RNA - 1 strand of nucleotides

Match the term with the description. A term can be used more than once. Some questions may have
more than one answer.

_____1. Monomer of carbohydrates A) Amino Acids


_____2. Subunit of lipids B) Nucleic acids
_____3. Monomer of nucleic acids C) Carbohydrates
_____4. The single most important fuel or energy source for a cell D) Lipids (fats)
_____5. Hydrophobic and grouped as saturated or unsaturated E) Nucleotides
_____6. Molecules that have large amounts of carbon and F) Monosaccharides
hydrogen with little oxygen. G) Fatty acids
_____7. These building blocks have Nitrogen, along with carbon, H) Proteins
hydrogen and oxygen. Doesn’t normally have Phosphate
_____8. Which has a peptide bond?
_____9. Always has a purine or a pyrimidine
_____10. Primary type of macromolecule found in
hormones/structure
_____11. Contains phosphate as well as nitrogen, carbon, oxygen
and hydrogen.
_____12. Steroids like cholesterol and testosterone
_____13. Made of molecules with guanine, thymine, and uracil

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