Acknowledgement:

In the name of ALLAH, the most beneficent and merciful who gave me
strength and knowledge to complete this assignment. This report is the part of
our course. This has proved to be a great experience.

I would like to express my gratitude to our professor Dr. Omar Zain Farooq;
who gave us this opportunity to fulfill this report. He gave us moral support
and guided in different matters regarding this topic. He had been very kind
and patient while suggesting me the outline of this report.

I am also thankful to everyone who all supported me, for that I have
completed my report effectively and moreover on time. They gave me many
helpful comments which helped me a lot in preparing this assignment.
Contents:
Introduction……………………………………………………………3
Literature review……………………………………………………….5
Research Question……………………………………………………..7
Research Methodology………………………………………………..7
United States policy in Syria…………………………………………...7
Trump administration in Syria policy…………………………..9
Presidential Authority to Strike Syria under U.S Law…………10
U.S military Presence in Syria…………………………………11
U.S Nonlethal assistance to Syria and Syrian Operations……..14
Chemical weapons Use and U.S Response…………………….17
Consolidating Gains against Islamic State……………………..18
The Future of Displaced Syrians………………………………..19
Reconstruction…………………………………………………..20
United States Policy in North Korea…………………………………...20
Financial and Diplomatic Efforts to Compel Denuclearization……22
Trump Administration Policy…………………………………….23
2017 “Most Extreme Pressure” and Hostile Rhetoric
Shift to Diplomacy in 2018
U.S Sanctions…………………………………………………….25
U.S Goals and Military Options………………………………….26
Conclusion……………………………………………………………..28
References……………………………………………………………..29

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 Donald’s Trump Diplomacy in Conflict Arena
(Syria and North Korea)

Introduction:
In March 2011, many riots started against government in Syria, which has been
managed by the Asad family for over four decades. The dissents spread, brutality
heightened (principally yet not solely by Syrian government powers), and various
political and many other groups were formed which were against government. In August
2011, President Barack Obama approached Syrian President Bashar-al-Asad to stand
down. After some time, the rising loss of life from the contention, and the utilization of
chemical weapons by the Asad government, heightened weight for the United States and
others to help the resistance. In 2013, Congress discussed deadly and nonlethal help to
reviewed Syrian resistance gatherings, and approved the last mentioned. Congress
likewise discussed, however did not approve, the utilization of power in light of an
August 2013 compound weapons assault.

The Syria struggle remains a noteworthy strategy challenge for the United States. U.S.
arrangement toward Syria in the previous years has given most importance to counter the
mongering activities against the Islamic State (IS, otherwise called ISIL/ISIS), and has
likewise offer help for discretionary endeavors to achieve a political settlement to the
civil war, and the arrangement of philanthropic help with Syria and encompassing
nations. The counter-IS crusade works fundamentally "by, with, and through" nearby
accomplices prepared, and exhorted by the U.S. military, per a more extensive U.S.
methodology started by the Obama Administration and adjusted by the Trump
Administration.

U.S. furthermore, alliance sponsored powers in Syria prevailing with regards to retaking,
from 2015 through mid-2018, almost the majority of the domain once held by the Islamic
State. In the interim, other outside on-screen characters (Lebanese Hezbollah, Iran, and
Russia) kept on supporting the Syrian government's military crusades against resistance
3
gatherings. Strife between the alliance's Syrian accomplices and different U.S. partners
has additionally confounded the circumstance, as have the development of Al Qaeda-
associated bunches among the restriction and the progressing compassionate emergency.
As of mid-2018, more than 5.6 million Syrians have fled to close-by nations, with 6
million all the more inside uprooted inside Syria.

The U.N. has supported harmony talks in Geneva, however it is indistinct when (or
whether) the gatherings may achieve a political settlement that could result in a change
far from Asad. With many equipped restriction bunches debilitated, vanquished, or
geologically disconnected, military weight on the Syrian government to make concessions
to the resistance has been diminished. U.S. authorities have expressed that the United
States is focused on the continuing annihilation of the Islamic State and won't finance
remaking in Asad-held territories except if a political arrangement is come to as per U.N.
Security Council Resolution 225 Congress is thinking about enactment that would
condition the utilization of U.S. assets in Asad-controlled territories for non-
philanthropic purposes and has guided the Administration to answer to Congress on its
system.

In U.S. foreign policy the threatening conduct of North Korea and the improvement of
prohibited nuclear and chemical weapons and many illegal activities which are going on
in North Korea has created several problems in post cold war era. In 1948 when North
Korea is formed, the United States has never had formal political relations with the
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK, the official name for North Korea). Since
mid 1990's many progressive U.S. Organizations have tried to utilize a blend of
transactions, assistance, and bilateral and global sanctions to end North Korea's weapons
programs, yet have not checked the DPRK's expanding capacities.

In North Korea U.S. has great interest in enveloping serious security, political, and
human rights affairs. Two-sided military engagement with the Republic of Korea (ROK,
the official name for South Korea) and Japan commit the United States to guard these
partners from any assault from the North. A huge number of U.S. troops situated in South
Korea and Japan, and also a huge number of U.S. regular people dwelling in those
nations, are positioned inside striking scope of North Korean middle range rockets. North

4
Korea's fast advances in its atomic and long-extend rocket abilities may put the U.S.
country in danger of a DPRK strike. A contention on the Korean landmass or the fall of
the legislature in Pyongyang would have extreme ramifications for the provincial
economy. Transactions and discretion encompassing North Korea's atomic weapons
program impact U.S. relations with all the real powers in the area, especially with China
and South Korea.

Congress has both immediate and roundabout effect on the U.S. approach on North
Korea. Through approvals enactment, Congress has set the terms for U.S. limitations on
exchange and commitment with the DPRK, and in addition on the President's opportunity
to straightforwardness or lift sanctions against the DPRK. Congress has likewise passed
and over and again reauthorized the North Korean Human Rights Act, which approaches
the U.S. government to address the DPRK's poor human rights record and in addition
acknowledge North Korean displaced people. Under past atomic understandings,
Congress approved a huge number of dollars in vitality help, now and again putting
conditions on the arrangement of help on the off chance that it questioned North Korean
consistence. In future game plans, if the United States consents to give help in return to
DPRK ventures on denuclearization, Congress should approve and proper assets, as it
apparently would if the Administration looked to standardize conciliatory relations as the
June 2018 Singapore understanding infers. In its oversight limit, Congress has held many
hearings with both government and private observers that question North Korea's
capacities, goals, human rights record, sanctions avoidance, and linkage with different
governments, among different subjects.

Literature Review
This research involves the United States policies in the Syria and North Korea which are
basically conflict areas. United States has developed several policies regarding control of
conflict. Syria has been in violence state since many years therefore United States has a
different approach towards their condition. First Barak Obama and then Trump has
policies to control Syrian Civil war. United States thus has provides many military and
financial support to Syria. U.S has deployed many troops in Syria and has done many
operations. Many political negotiations are done to control the devastation. Many

5
chemical weapons attack in different regions are being considered done by Syria thus U.S
has responded in by investigating the whole scenario. Much Nonlethal assistance has
been provided to them by United States.

Similarly, North Korea has also been a problem for United States since Cold war. Due to
development of nuclear capabilities in North Korea it is under management of Unites
States because U.S faces threat from nuclear armed North Korea. Therefore it is facing
several sanctions from Unites States and United Nations. Many research articles has
discussed about the military activities and sanctions on North Korea. Many negotiations
were held between the countries for non-proliferation. Now Trump has opened a new
chapter in relations with North Korea by having a Summit meeting with Kim Jong-un.

 Emma Chanlett-Avery, Mark E. Manyin have wrote an article “North Korea:

U.S Relations, Nuclear Diplomacy and Internal Situation” along with others
contributors in which basically discusses about the threat North Korea is posing
and how Unites States is dealing with the problem. The authors have discussed
the relations between the United States and North Korea. It discusses the U.S
engagement activities during Trump era and what sanctions are put on North
Korea.
 Kathleen J. McInnis, Andrew Feickert and Steven A. Hilderth along with other
specialist have written an article “The North Korean Nuclear Challenge:
Military Options and Issues for Congress”. In this article, the authors have
talked about the Military capabilities of DPRK and ROK. It has discussed the
mass casualties in North Korea due to military operations. United States goals
and use of force to eliminate nuclear facilities is another topic in discussion.
 “Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S Response” is another article
written by Carla E. Humud, Christopher M. Blanchard and Mary Beth D.
Nikitin. This article talks about the Syrian Civil war and developments in
conflict. Many negotiations done are part of this article. They have discussed
the U.S policy in Trumps era and how much assistance it is providing. Military
personals in Syria and operations are part of this article. It involves the use of
chemical weapons by Syria and U.S response on it.

6
Research Question :
1. What is the Syrian Civil war?
2. What is North Korea conflict?
3. What is the policy of Donald Trump in the conflict?
4. What assistance is U.S providing in the conflict?

Research Methodology:
I have used qualitative and analytical research methodology in this research paper.
Different articles, research papers and sites were read and then this data has been
interpreted to get the comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the research
questions.

United States policy in Syria

Since 2011, U.S. arrangement toward the distress and strife in Syria has endeavored to
seek after parallel interests and oversee interconnected difficulties, with fluctuating
degrees of progress. Among the destinations recognized by progressive Administrations
and by numerous Members in progressive sessions of Congress have been:

 Supporting Syrian-drove endeavors to request more agent, responsible, and

successful administration.
 looking for an arranged settlement that incorporates a change in Syria far from the
authority of Bashar-al-Asad and his supporters;
 restricting or keeping the utilization of military power by state and non state
performing artists against non military personnel populaces;
 relieving transnational dangers presented by Syria-based Islamist radical
gatherings;
 meeting the philanthropic needs of internal and remotely dislodged Syrians;
 preventing the presence and necessities of Syrian evacuees from destabilizing
neighboring nations;

7
  constraining the negative impacts of other outsider mediations on territorial and
worldwide balance of power; and
 reacting to and keeping the utilization of chemical weapons

. As Syria's contention has changed after some time from a circumstance of common
distress and low force strife to one of across the nation military clash including various
inner and outer performers, the strategies, methodologies, and priorities of the United
States and others likewise have changed. As of August 2018, the United States and its
Syrian and local accomplices have not prevailing with regards to inciting or convincing
Syrian President Bashar-al-Asad to leave office or anchored a central reorientation of
Syria's political framework as a feature of an arranged settlement process. The United
States keeps on pushing for a comprehensive arranged arrangement, however has to a
great extent submitted to Asad's re-assumption of political and security control. The over
the top utilization of military power against regular citizen populated regions has been a
predictable component of the Syrian clash since 2012, with infringement of the law of
furnished clash ascribed by worldwide spectators to the Syrian government, a few of its
residential rivals, and universal performing artists, for example, Russia.

Transnational fear based oppressor dangers exuding from Syria have brought about
psychological militant assaults in Europe and the Middle East, however have all the
earmarks of being more contained at present with the Islamic State's rule of dread over a
lot of northeastern Syria and northwestern Iraq having arrived at an end. The United
States remains the main contributor to progressing worldwide philanthropic aid projects
to help a large number of inside and remotely uprooted Syrians and in addition the
networks that battle to help them in neighboring nations. Intense intercessions in Syria by
Russia, Iran, Turkey, the United States, and Israel are making an on a very basic level
distinctive arrangement of counts for policymakers to consider in respect to those that
won preceding the contention. Likewise, the utilization of compound weapons by the
Syrian government in the contention and the U.S. also, universal reactions to that
utilization have reshaped worldwide standards and instruments for reacting to concoction
weapons dangers.

8
Trump Administration in Syria Policy

In 2018, the Trump Administration's Syria approach has allegedly been liable to an
internal senior-level survey. A few Members of Congress and different spectators have
communicated vulnerability about the official branch's anticipates future U.S. military
exercises and the explicit substance and extent of U.S. help programs. Since August,
Trump Administration authorities have reported a few choices clearly coming from
continuous reassessments of U.S. strategy and have put forth a progression of
arrangement expressions laying out the shapes of a changed U.S. approach.

Envoy (ret.) James Jeffrey has been named the Secretary of State's Special Representative
for Syria Engagement. In a meeting with the Washington Post distributed September 6,
Jeffrey expressed that the Administration plans to keep U.S. military powers in Syria past
"the year's end" to guarantee the persevering annihilation of the Islamic State. "That
means we are not in a hurry," he included. Jeffrey additionally suggested that U.S.
powers could seek after a persisting nearness to a limited extent to muddle Iranian
exercises in Syria. As to conciliatory endeavors to determine the contention, Jeffrey said
that the United States never again demands Asad's takeoff from power, expressing that
"Asad has no future, but it's not our job to dispose of him." He further distinguished
criteria under which Asad staying in office may be satisfactory to the U.S. government
and worldwide network, for example, if Asad "doesn't undermine his neighbors," misuse
his own nationals, and "doesn't permit synthetic weapons or give a stage to Iran."

Organization authorities reported in mid-August that the State Department plans to

reinvent almost $200 million in assets appropriated in FY2017 for Syria adjustment
projects to needs in different nations, and will depend on commitments from outside
accomplices, including a $100 million commitment from Saudi Arabia, to precede with
adjustment endeavors in northeastern Syria. As of September, the Administration had
started transmitting different reconstructing notification to that impact to congressional
boards of trustees of ward. The Trump Administration additionally has moved to end a
scope of U.S. nonlethal, non-philanthropic help programs for restriction held networks in

9
northwestern Syria, incorporating into Idlib territory. To date, the Administration has not
acted to commit or exhaust reserves appropriated by Congress in FY2018 remote
activities allotments enactment for nonlethal help or adjustment in Syria.

President Trump has repeated alerts to the Syrian government not to utilize compound
weapons and approached Syrian powers and their partners not to complete "careless"
military tasks against the huge territory in and close Idlib region staying outside the
Syrian government's control. On September 6, Ambassador (ret.) Jeffrey said "Any
hostile is to us questionable as a foolhardy acceleration. You add to that, on the off
chance that you utilize substance weapons, or make exile streams or assault honest
regular folks," and "the outcomes of that will be that we will move our positions and
utilize the majority of our instruments to clarify that we'll need to discover approaches to
accomplish our objectives that are less dependent on the generosity of the Russians."

Predictable with long-standing U.S. arrangement, a U.S. safeguard official has repeated
alerts to Syrian government powers and their partners not to assault U.S., alliance, or
accomplice powers in the midst of reports of a potential looming assault by master Asad
powers close to the U.S. battalion close At Tanf in southeastern Syria.

Presidential Authority to Strike Syria under U.S. Law

Since 2011, Members of Congress and progressive Administrations have discussed

presidential specialist to lead military activities in Syria missing an affirmation of war.
This has, after some time, included discussions with respect to the potential
inconvenience of no-fly zones over regions of the nation to secure regular people,
activities against different fanatic gatherings, constrain insurance for U.S. military work
force and accomplice powers inside Syria, and strikes against Syrian compound weapons
offices and related powers. In April 2018, U.S. rocket strikes focused on substance
weapons-related offices in Syria, because of a synthetic weapons assault in the city
Douma. The strikes happened a little more than a year after the U.S. strike on Al Shayrat
airbase in Homs territory, following the sarin gas assault in Khan Sheikhoun.

Correspondingly, in an April 8, 2017, letter to Congress, President Trump had expressed

that he had acted "in accordance with my sacred specialist to lead remote relations and as

10
Commander in Chief and Chief Executive" in requesting the April 6, 2017, U.S. rocket
strikes on Al Shayrat airbase. In the letter, President Trump says that he "acted in the
crucial national security and remote arrangement interests of the United States," and that,
"the United States will make extra move, as fundamental and suitable, to encourage its
imperative national interests."

In the past, Presidents have advocated the utilization of military power by depending on
presidential forces they state are intrinsic under Article II Commander in Chief and Chief
Executive Specialist. The official branch has guaranteed that a President may utilize
military power to guard U.S. national security interests (notwithstanding when a prompt
risk to the United States and its Armed Forces isn't really obvious) and to advance U.S.
outside approach.

Congress has discussed Syria-explicit and Islamic State-centered approval for military
power proposition discontinuously as of late. In 2013, the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee considered and announced a proposed approval for the utilization of military
power following a concoction weapons assault in suburbia of Damascus, Syria (S.J.Res.
21, 113th Congress). The Senate did not consider the measure further.

Since U.S. military activity against the Islamic State started in June 2014, beginning in
Iraq and after that spreading to Syria, Congress additionally has discussed the
requirement for sanctioning of another IS-explicit approval for utilization of military
power. President Obama declared that the battle against the Islamic State in Iraq and
Syria was approved by both the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001 AUMF;
P.L. 107-40; guaranteeing that the Islamic State was a successor association of Al Qaeda
and that components of Al Qaeda were available in Syria) and Authorization for Use of
Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002.

U.S. Military Presence in Syria

As of December 2017, U.S. authorities detailed that roughly 2,000 U.S. military faculties
were conveyed in Syria in help of counter-IS activities. These incorporate train and
prepare program-related exercises and "prompt and help" tasks in help of U.S. accomplice
powers. As indicated by 2018 oversight detailing, U.S. furthermore, alliance powers in

11
Syria have prepared in excess of 12,500 individuals from reviewed Syrian restriction
gatherings, among them in excess of 11,000 individuals from the SDF and individuals
from Internal Security Forces and innate powers. Four U.S. officers have kicked the
bucket in northern Syria since 2016, some in non-battle related occurrences. Military
authorities have distinguished the Special Operations Joint Task Force, Operation
Inherent Resolve (SOJTF-OIR) driven by Major General James Jarrard as "the essential
prompt, help and go with power in Syria, working intimately with the SDF."

The Administration's FY2019 ask for Syria train and prepare reserves imagines the asked
for subsidizing supporting the obtainment of weapons, vehicles, and supplies and the
arrangement of life bolster and operational sustainment for a 35,000-man Internal
Security Force (ISF) and 30,000-man battle compel (counting ISF stipends). As indicated
by the demand, starting at mid 2018, 10,000 verified Syrian association individuals were
getting Defense Department-subsidized month to month stipends, albeit ensuing oversight
reports have point by point changes to the positions of Syrian gatherings accepting DOD
stipend bolster.

Congress has not appropriated assets explicitly for the Syria train and prepare program
since the program's origin. Or maybe, Congress has approved the Department of Defense
to reinvent assets from worldwide counter psychological oppression help records to tasks
and upkeep records to help program exercises, with each reconstructing subject to the
earlier endorsement of the four congressional barrier councils. Starting at July 2018, more
than $2.2 billion has been reinvented or asked for the program.

Assets appropriated for the Counter-ISIL Train and Equip Fund (CTEF) account by the
FY2017 Defense Appropriations Act (Division C of P.L. 115-31) stay accessible to
finance the program until September 30, 2018, subject to "earlier endorsement"
reconstructing strategies. President Trump asked for $500 million in FY2018 protection
CTEF assets for the program. The FY2018 NDAA approves the allocation of that sum,
and the FY2018 safeguard assignments act (P.L. 115-141) appropriated the asked for
CTEF sum, yet the demonstration does not determine the sum for Syria-explicit projects.

12
 Table.1 Syria Train and Equip Program

FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2017 FY 2018 FY 2019 Syria

Approved Approved Approved FY 2017 Syria Specific Specific
Transfers Transfer Transfer Requests Requests Requests
225000 116453 50000
(O&M FY15) (CTPF FY15/16) (CTFP FY16/17)
220500 300000 168000 c
(CTPF FY15/16) (CTPF FY16/17) (CTEF FY17/17)
279500 500000 b 300000
(CTPF FY15/16) __ __ 430000 a (CTEF) (CTEF)
-157408
(CTPF FY15/16) __ __
Net Total: Net Total: Net Total: Net Total: Net Total: Net Total:
567592 416453 218000 430000 500000 300000

Note: Counterterrorism Partnerships Fund (CTPF), Counter-Islamic State of Iraq and

Syria (ISIS) Train and Equip Fund (CTEF). The expert for the Syria Train and Equip
Program requires the Department of Defense to submit earlier endorsement notification to
move assets into different administration and office wide Operations and Maintenance
represents program exercises. Assets recorded were endorsed for exchange by the
required congressional safeguard and appointments advisory groups amid the monetary
years noted.

a. In 2016, President Obama asked for $250 million for the Syria train and prepare
program for FY2017, and, in March 2017, the Trump Administration asked for an
extra $180 million in FY2017 assets for the program.
b. The Trump Administration asked for $500 million for Syria train and prepares
program endeavors as a feature of its FY2018 barrier allotments ask for the
Counter-IS Train and Equip Fund (CTEF).
c. Amid the period for which a proceeding with goals was dynamic for FY2017
protection subsidizing, DOD looked for and got advisory group endorsement for

13
 the reconstructing of $250 million in CTPF assets to O&M accounts. The last
FY2017 barrier appointments act did not proper CTPF reserves, and in August
2017, DOD dropped earlier endorsement reinventing demand 17-05 and submitted
ask for 17-26 to repay O&M represents the dropped assets utilizing CTEF monies.
The sum repaid was $168 million.

U.S. Nonlethal assistance to Syria and Syrians Opposition

A wide arrangement of reciprocal U.S. authorizes on Syria existed before the episode of
contention, and a few, for example, those activated by Syria's assignment as a state
supporter of psychological oppression, at first limiting affected the conveyance of U.S.
help with the nation. At the official branch's demand, Congress has conceded it explicit
expert to give nonlethal remote help with Syria for specific purposes despite different
arrangements of law, and the official branch has acted to forgo different confinements
forced by law. Outside of the prohibited qualified purposes, U.S. help to Syria stays
confined by a progression of prior arrangements of law (counting some fear based
oppression related approvals arrangements). Regional gains by the Syrian military over
the previous year have escalated congressional worry (as observed in authoritative
recommendations, for example, H.R. 4681) about whether U.S. assets could
coincidentally profit the Asad government, and have brought up issues about the eventual
fate of U.S. help inside Syria.

Trump Administration authorities have expressed their view that the reported changes in
U.S. adjustment financing arrangement won't reduce the extent of adjustment exercises or
U.S. initiative of adjustment endeavors. It stays to be seen whether the progressions result
in courses of action in which U.S. government work force are less straightforwardly
associated with program usage and the board than they would have been if U.S.-
supported projects were kept up. The Administration has repeated its purpose to organize
the course of adjustment help to regions freed from the Islamic State over different zones
where non-IS fanatic gatherings are dynamic or where the Syrian government and its
partners have reasserted control.

14
From 2014 ahead, as coordinated by explicit arrangements in allocations charges, U.S.
help with Syria extended to envelop a scope of littler, nearby gatherings and performing
artists, including civil specialists, neighborhood boards, and nongovernmental
associations in restriction held zones. Syrian beneficiaries have utilized U.S. help to
support administration by giving administrations, for example, crisis control, and
sanitation, water, and instruction administrations. Different U.S. help programs have
bolstered the support of open well being, principle of law, and the documentation of
human rights infringement.

Trump Administration authorities have noticed that U.S. endeavors to convey and screen
security help and other guide inside Syria have now and again been blocked by host
country regulatory methods, outskirt terminations, battling inside Syria, and dangers from
radical gatherings. Before, some U.S. nonlethal help to outfitted Syrian restriction
bunches has fallen under the control of unintended beneficiaries and has prompted
changes in conveyance and oversight systems. Infighting among some resistance powers,
the strengthening of the Islamic State in Syria, and concerns communicated by other
outside performing artists, for example, Russia and Turkey have made further
complexities after some time. In spite of the fact that the Islamic State has lost control of
outskirt intersections it in the past held, other enemy of U.S. fanatic gatherings control
some fringe intersections in northwestern Syria. Current law requires the Secretary of
State to screen U.S. help inside Syria and to advise Congress of examples in which U.S.
reserves "have been occupied or obliterated.

To screen and execute U.S. help programs, a U.S. Syria Transition Assistance and
Response Team (START) has worked from Turkey and facilitated U.S. philanthropic and
outside help to northern Syria, including help to resistance held zones. In Jordan, the
Southern Syria Assistance Platform (SSAP) has observed and composed tantamount U.S.
compassionate and outside help to southern and eastern Syria, including help to
restriction held zones. The Trump Administration likewise has conveyed a little group of
U.S. regular citizen help authorities (known as START Forward) inside zones of northern
Syria where DOD prepared as well as prepared neighborhood powers are in charge. Some
START programs have been changed and additionally finished in 2018 in accordance

15
with the Administration's intends to concentrate on settling previous IS held zones toward
the east. The eventual fate of SSAP-oversaw programs in southern Syria seems
unverifiable, as the Syrian government and its partners are reasserting power over
southwest Syria, including over zones long held by restriction bunches in which U.S.
programs have been dynamic.

Looking forward, progressively vocal requests by the Syrian government and its
worldwide supporters for a conclusion to cross-fringe help tasks may fundamentally
confound U.S. help activities and incite troublesome choices for U.S. policymakers. This
dynamic was apparent in Russian protests amid late 2017 to the year recharging of the
U.N. Security Council command for cross-fringe and cross-line helpful tasks (Resolution
2393), yet it also applies to continuous Syrian government dismissals of non
philanthropic help activities in restriction held zones. Organization authorities have
expressed that U.S. staff will stay present inside Syria to aid the usage of adjustment
endeavors in zones recovered from the Islamic State, yet their arranged jobs and duties
with respect to remote subsidized adjustment programs have not been freely depicted in
detail.

In the midst of the continuous reassertion by national specialists of political and security
power over previously resistance held regions, past beneficiaries of U.S. outside help may
turn out to be politically presented and subject to oppression. This, thusly, may incite
recharged strife or populace relocation. In the event that a future arranged or forced
political answer for the Syria strife results in a still more noteworthy reassertion of power
by the Syrian government, worldwide on-screen characters may then expand their
acknowledgment of Syrian government sway. Under these conditions or fully expecting
this result, Congress and the Administration may return to essential inquiries regarding
the approval for, purposes and substance of, and volume or terms for U.S. guard and
remote help programs in Syria. Progressing banters about a proceeded with U.S. military
nearness and U.S. cooperation in potential remaking endeavors mirror these issues,
showing strains between U.S. worries about political results and the potential security and
philanthropic goals of balancing out clash torn zones.

16
Chemical Weapons Use and United States Response

The lion's share of reports of compound weapons use in Syria have comprised of chlorine
use in barrel bombs notwithstanding the utilization of sarin. The utilization of sarin by
the Syrian military in the assaults was affirmed by the United Nation. Reports of the
utilization of chlorine gas as a concoction weapon in barrel bombs utilized by the Syrian
military started to surface in April 2014 and proceed. U.N. agents have affirmed a couple
of instances of the utilization of mustard gas by the Islamic State. The OPCW built up a
reality discovering mission to research these charges. The Syrian government keeps on
denying completely that it has utilized compound weapons or dangerous synthetic
compounds, while blaming restriction powers for doing as such and raising doubt about
the techniques and aftereffects of a few examinations concerning asserted substance
assaults. The Russian Federation bolsters the Syrian position.

On April 7, Syrian government powers are suspected to have propelled a concoction

assault on Douma, murdering no less than 40 individuals and harming hundreds more.
U.S. authorities depicted the side effects shown by unfortunate casualties as steady with a
suffocation specialist and "a nerve operator of some kind." Defense Secretary Mattis
expressed, "We're exceptionally sure that chlorine was utilized. We are not precluding
sarin at the present time." The assault came surprisingly close to more extensive Syrian
government activities to retake the renegade enclave of eastern Ghouta, on the edges of
Damascus.

On April 13 (April 14 nearby time), in excess of 100 rockets were propelled into Syria
from British, French, and U.S. air and maritime stages in the Red Sea, the Northern
Arabian Gulf, and the Eastern Mediterranean. The strikes focused on three substance
weapons stockpiling and research destinations in Syria: the Barzeh Research and
Development Center on the edges of Damascus and the Him Shinshar synthetic weapons
stockpiling and dugout offices in Homs territory. Standing out the activity from the April
2017 U.S. strikes on Al Shayrat airbase, military authorities expressed, "A year ago the
attention was on the conveyance [of substance weapons. This time, we went the strikes

17
went to the specific heart of the venture, to the examination, to advancement, to
capacity." U.S. military authorities likewise expressed that "clearly the Syrian compound
weapons framework is bigger than the three focuses on that we tended to today around
evening time. Notwithstanding, these are the objectives that introduced the best chance to
limit blow-back, to abstain from murdering honest regular folks, but to send an
exceptionally solid message."

The Trump Administration has started to declare choices coming from its 2018 survey of
U.S. strategy toward Syria. The triumph of star Asad powers in the more extensive clash
seems likely, and, from a U.S. point of view, that may additionally confuse a few
uncertain issues, including:

 The adjustment and future administration of zones recovered from the Islamic
State; The goals of security dangers presented by fanatic gatherings dynamic in
northwest Syria;
 The arrival and reintegration of inside and remotely uprooted Syrians;
 The remaking of contention harmed zones;
 The administration of Syria-based dangers to U.S. accomplices among Syria's
neighbors; and,
 The meaning of a post struggle political request in Syria.

In light of current patterns and conditions identified with these issues, Administration
authorities and Members of Congress may reevaluate proper terms and conditions for
U.S. venture constrain organization, and the idea of associations with U.S. accomplices in
and around Syria.

Consolidating Gains against the Islamic State

Fighting the Islamic State in Syria has been the best need for U.S. policymakers since
2014, and, as of August 2018, the gathering has been everything except disposed of as a
lucid military power. U.S. - prepared and - prepared accomplice powers control the
majority of northeastern Syria. At present, U.S. policymakers have flagged their
expectation to prepare and prepare neighborhood powers to hold and secure territories
recovered from the Islamic State, however have flagged that U.S. assets will never again

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be contributed at beforehand winning dimensions to balance out clash harmed territories
under U.S. accomplice control in Syria's upper east. Rather, the Trump Administration
looks to empower alliance individuals and U.S. accomplices to add to adjustment
endeavors as methods for bringing down the immediate expenses to the United States.
Inquiries concerning program the executives, coordination, and assessment may go with
this arranged move toward joint adjustment.

In addition, the potential reintegration of zones of Syria's east and upper east by the Asad
government—regardless of whether by power or transaction—brings up other testing
arrangement issues. On the off chance that the resurgent Asad government embraces a
fierce stance toward U.S. powers and their nearby accomplices, reestablished struggle
could result and make new dangers to U.S. faculty, requests on U.S. assets, and problems
for U.S. leaders. On the off chance that the Asad government receives a moderately
mollifying methodology toward U.S. accomplices and moves to reintegrate the upper east
under its control through transaction, it might demand the removal of U.S. powers and
faculty or try to retain U.S. - prepared and - prepared powers into its very own positions.
In light of standing and proposed confinements on the utilization of U.S. non helpful
subsidizing in Asad-controlled territories, the development of Syrian government control
to the regions of northeastern Syria recovered from the Islamic State could force confines
on proceeded with U.S. association in adjustment exercises.

The Future of Displaced Syrians

Strife in Syria has ended the lives of a huge number of individuals and has dislodged
millions inside the nation and past its outskirts. As the force of contention has declined in
a few zones of the nation, uprooted Syrians have confronted troublesome options about
whether or how to come back to their home regions in the midst of vulnerability about
security, potential political mistreatment, wrongdoing, monetary conditions, lost or
missing documentation, and prospects for recuperation. The Asad government is
effectively reassuring inside uprooted Syrians to return home and is looking for the
arrival of Syrian evacuees from neighboring nations under a Russian-planned
arrangement. Helpful supporters and specialists keep on raising worries about the security
and insurance of returnees and dislodged people in light of conditions in numerous zones

19
of the nation and inquiries regarding the Syrian government's way to deal with political
compromise.

In addition, systems and orders that have accommodated the conveyance of helpful help
over the Syrian fringe without the assent of the Syrian government could confront
restored investigation in coming months, and the Asad government and its supporters may
weight neighboring nations to compellingly return Syrian displaced people that are inside
their purviews. The United States remains the main contributor for global compassionate
endeavors identified with Syria, and U.S. policymakers may confront a progression of
choices about whether or how to proceed or adjust U.S. bolster in light of evolving
conditions.

Reconstruction

U.N. Extraordinary Envoy for Syria Staffan de Mistura has evaluated that Syria's re-
creation will cost in any event $250 billion. The Trump Administration has expressed its
purpose not to add to the remaking of Asad-controlled Syria missing key political change
and to utilize U.S. discretionary impact to dishearten other global help to Asad controlled
Syria. Congress additionally has acted to limit the accessibility of U.S. assets for help
extends in Asad controlled territories and has considered enactment that would
additionally limit such help through FY2023 (H.R. 4681).

Without U.S. commitment, different on-screen characters, for example, Russia or China
could possibly give extra help to reproduction purposes, however might be probably not
going to assemble adequate assets or sufficiently arrange ventures with different
individuals from the universal network to meet Syria's significant needs. Savage
restrictive help could likewise promote paying off debtors the Syrian government to these
or other universal on-screen characters and may fortify vital ties among Syria and
outsiders in courses unfriendly to U.S. interests. An absence of reproduction, especially
of basic framework, could postpone the nation's recuperation and compound the
inheritance impacts of the contention on the Syrian populace, with negative ramifications
for the nation's security and strength.

United States Policy in North Korea

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U.S. authorities have been worried about the dangers North Korea postures to universal
request and territorial coalitions since Pyongyang's 1950 intrusion of South Korea. The
United Nations Security Council approved a 16-country Joint Command, of which the
United States was a noteworthy member, to mediate on the Korean Peninsula to help
repulse North Korean powers. Presently, when U.S. also, associated powers pushed far
into a North Korean area, China conveyed it’s military to help the North. The gatherings
in the long run battled back to the 38th parallel that initially separated the landmass
following World War II.

Over the resulting decades, the United States and its provincial partners have to a great
extent contained the military dangers to U.S. interests in Northeast Asia presented by
North Korea. The United States and its partner South Korea have dissuaded three ages of
the decision Kim tradition in Pyongyang from propelling extensive scale military
activities. The U.S. security promise to, and association with, the Republic of Korea has
helped South Korea to rise as one of the world's biggest industrialized nations and, since
the late 1980's, a prospering vote based system. South Korea today is one of the United
States' most imperative financial and conciliatory accomplices in East Asia and
comprehensively. As for the Korean Peninsula itself, two key parts of U.S. strategy have
been the U.S, ROK Mutual Defense Treaty, alongside the nearness of somewhere in the
range of 28,500 U.S. troops in South Korea. Congress has bolstered the general U.S.
security way to deal with Northeast Asia, with the Senate favoring resistance
arrangements (and their updates) with South Korea and Japan, and Congress giving
subsidizing to and oversight of the forward organization of U.S. troops in the two nations.

U.S. /ROK endeavors, be that as it may, alongside those of different nations, need to date
neglect to force the DPRK to surrender its atomic weapons and ICBM programs. Since
Pyongyang started undertaking its weapons of mass pulverization (WMD) procurement
programs decisively during the 1980's, the United States and the global network writ
extensive have utilized a scope of devices, including strategy, sanctions, reinforcing of
the capacities of U.S. political and military coalitions, and endeavors to persuade China
to expand weight on the DPRK to change its conduct.

21
Financial and Diplomatic Efforts to Compel Denuclearization

The Trump Administration places critical accentuation on growing financial and

discretionary endorses on North Korea and outsider elements that bargain with North
Korea. At the U.N. Security Council, the United States drove endeavors to pass eight
assents goals, including the latest, Resolution 2375, which was embraced in September
2017. As far as it matters for its, Congress instituted the North Korea Sanctions and
Policy Enhancement Act of 2016 (NKSPEA; marked into law by President Obama in
February 2016) and the Korean Interdiction and Modernization of Sanctions Act (KIMS
Act; marked into law by President Trump in August 2017) to fortify moves effectively
made by the official branch to actualize sanctions required by the Security Council and to
grow those monetary exercises in which North Korea draws in that could be liable to
punishments—incorporating exchange and exchanges with third nations (auxiliary
authorizations).

Two key conciliatory endeavors have meant to initiate North Korea to desert its atomic
weapons program: the Agreed Framework (1994-2002) and the Six-Party Talks (2005-
2009). The Agreed Framework between the United States and North Korea pursued a
tightening up of strains that almost prompted a U.S. military strike. The Six-Party Talks,
which included the DPRK, China, Japan, Russia, South Korea, and the United States, kept
running from 2003 to 2009, a period that incorporated the primary North Korean atomic
test in 2006. Amid the two arrangements of transactions, in return for explicit monetary
and political increases, North Korea focused on inevitable denuclearization, solidified
atomic material generation, and in part destroyed key offices. Since pulling back from the
Six-Party Talks in 2009, North Korea has not consented to come back to its past
denuclearization promises.

Authorizations, discretion, ban, and military capacity building endeavors have seemingly
impeded, for example, through raising the expenses of securing materials, in spite of the
fact that not ended, the development of North Korea's WMD programs. As global
approvals have picked up energy amid the previous quite a long while, in any case, DPRK

22
advance in its rocket programs has additionally altogether quickened. Because of this
advancement, the Trump Administration seems to have raised the issue of North Korea's
atomic and rocket projects to a best U.S. remote and national security strategy need.
Portraying its arrangement as "most extreme weight," or "key responsibility," the
Administration has embraced a methodology of expanding weight on Pyongyang with an
end goal to persuade the North Korean routine "to de-raise and come back to the way of
exchange."

A key factor driving the Administration's activities and articulations has all the earmarks
of being the evaluation that at some point in 2018, North Korea is probably going to
procure the capacity of achieving the mainland United States with an atomic tipped
ICBM. This appraisal infers that the time allotment for leading military activity without
the danger of a North Korean atomic assault against U.S. region is narrowing. Such an
appraisal may expand the earnestness of endeavors to restart multilateral political
endeavors with North Korea, endeavors that some keep up could be reinforced and
quickened if both North Korea and China trust that a U.S. military strike on the Korean
Peninsula is ending up more probable.

Trump Administration Policy

2017 "Most extreme Pressure" and Hostile Rhetoric

At first, the Trump Administration reacted by receiving a "most extreme weight" strategy
that looked to constrain Pyongyang into changing its conduct through financial and
political measures. A large number of the components of the authoritatively expressed
strategy were like those utilized by the Obama Administration: tightening up financial
weight against North Korea, endeavoring to influence China—by a wide margin North
Korea's most essential monetary accomplice—and others to apply more weight against
Pyongyang, and growing the capacities of the U.S. - South Korea and U.S. - Japan unions
to counter new North Korean dangers. The Administration effectively drove the United
Nations Security Council (UNSC) including North Korea's customary supporters China
and Russia to pass four new authorizes goals that have extended the necessities for U.N.
part states to stop or reduce their military, political, and financial connection with the

23
DPRK. Both the Obama and Trump Administrations pushed nations around the world to
altogether cut as well as dispose of their connections to North Korea, regularly in
manners that go past UNSC necessities. In a takeoff from past Administrations, the
Trump Administration stressed the choice of propelling a preventive military strike
against North Korea.

Shift to diplomacy in 2018

In mid 2018, after long periods of effort by South Korean authorities wanting to bring
down strains, North Korea acknowledged a welcome from ROK President Moon Jae-in to
go to the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeong Chang, South Korea. Pyongyang sent an
abnormal state assignment, including Kim Jong-un's sister, giving an opening to hotter
North-South relations. In the blink of an eye a short time later, President Trump
acknowledged a welcome, conveyed by ROK authorities, to meet with Kim. Before the
June 2018 Singapore Summit among Kim and Trump, Kim having never met with a
remote head of state nor left North Korea since getting to be pioneer met twice with
Moon and twice with Chinese President Xi Jinping to set the phase for the phenomenal
gathering between U.S. what's more, DPRK heads of state.

On June 12, 2018, President Trump and Kim met in Singapore to talk about North Korea's
atomic program, assembling a harmony routine on the Korean Peninsula, and the eventual
fate of U.S. relations with North Korea. Following the summit, Trump and Kim issued a
short joint explanation in which Trump "resolved to give security assurances to the
DPRK," and Kim "reaffirmed his firm and immovable promise to finish denuclearization
of the Korean Peninsula. The Singapore archive is shorter on points of interest than past
atomic concurrences with North Korea and goes about as an announcement of standards
in the accompanying four regions:

 Standardization. The opposite sides "resolve to build up" new respective

relations.
 Peace. The United States and DPRK consent to work to construct "an enduring and
stable harmony routine."

24
  Denuclearization. North Korea "resolves to move in the direction of finish
denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula."
 POW/MIA Remains. The opposite sides will work to recuperate the remaining
parts of a large number of U.S. troops unaccounted for amid the Korean War.
The agreement made no mention of the DPRK’s ballistic missile program. The two
sides agreed to conduct follow-on negotiations, to be led on the U.S. side by
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo.

In the press conference following the summit, Trump declared that the United States
would suspend yearly U.S. - South Korea military activities, which Trump called "war
amusements" and "provocative." He said the move, which was not joined by any evident
proportionate move by Pyongyang and supposedly amazed South Korea and U.S. military
authorities, would spare "a gigantic measure of cash." Trump likewise communicated a
desire for in the end pulling back the roughly 30,000 U.S. troops positioned in South
Korea. The week after the summit, the Defense Department declared that the yearly U.S
South Korea "Ulchi Freedom Guardian" practices booked for August would be dropped.
The meaning of denuclearization, the sequencing of the procedure of denuclearization,
and the foundation of a harmony routine, and standardization of conciliatory ties were left
dubious. A few investigators trust that the routine's endeavor to anchor a harmony
arrangement finishing the Korean War as a precondition for denuclearization talks is a
ploy intended to slow down for time and gain acknowledgment as a by right atomic state.
A few veterans of past transactions with the DPRK alert that North Korea may look to
defer and draw out the procedure while endorse weight facilitates. Despite the fact that
U.S. furthermore, worldwide approvals stay set up, keeping up the political energy to
completely actualize existing authorizations is trying amidst a commitment activity.

U.S Sanctions :

The United States has forced its very own one-sided endorses on North Korea with the
end goal to apply more prominent weight. Presidents George W. Shrubbery, Barack
Obama, and Donald Trump have issued a progression of official requests focusing on
North Korea and North Korean substances. In 2016, the Obama Administration assigned
North Korea as a purview of essential tax evasion concern, and in 2017, the Trump

25
Administration re-assigned North Korea as a state supporter of fear based oppression.
Since 2015, Congress has passed two North Korea-explicit rules, including the North
Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act of 2016 and the Korean Interdiction and
Modernization of Sanctions act.

All things considered, U.S. sanctions have the accompanying ramifications for U.S. -
North Korea relations:

 exchange is constrained to nourishment, prescription, and other compassionate

related merchandise, all of which require a permit;
 money related exchanges are denied;
 U.S. new speculation is denied, and the President has new expert to deny
exchanges including North Korea's transportation, mining, vitality, or monetary
areas.
 U.S. outside guide is insignificant, crisis in nature, and regulated through midway
subsidized projects to evacuate any plausibility of the legislature of North Korea
profiting;
 U.S. people are denied from going into exchange and exchange with those North
Korean people, elements, and vessels assigned by the Department of the Treasury's
Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC);
 Remote budgetary organizations could end up subject to U.S. sanctions for
encouraging exchanges for assigned DPRK substances;
 U.S. people and elements are restricted from going into exchange and exchanges
with Kim Jong-un, the Korean Workers' Party, and others; and
 U.S. travel to North Korea is restricted and requires an uncommon approval
international ID issued by the State Department.

U.S. Goals and Military Options

Assents, tact, ban, and military limit building endeavors have apparently impeded for
example, through raising the expenses of getting materials in spite of the fact that not
ended, the development of North Korea's WMD programs. As global approvals have
picked up force amid the previous quite a long while, nonetheless, DPRK advance in its

26
rocket programs has additionally fundamentally quickened. Because of this advancement,
the Trump Administration seems to have raised the issue of North Korea's atomic and
rocket projects to a best U.S. remote and national security approach need. Depicting its
strategy as "most extreme weight," or "vital responsibility," the Administration has
received a methodology of expanding weight on Pyongyang with an end goal to persuade
the North Korean routine "to de-heighten and come back to the way of exchange."

Trump Administration authorities have accentuated that, while tact and weight will
proceed with, a full scope of military choices could be utilized to determine the
emergency. Director of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Joseph Dunford, for instance,
expressed at the Aspen Security Forum in July 2017 that "it isn't impossible to have
military choices to react to North Korean atomic ability. What's impossible to me is
permitting a capacity that would enable an atomic weapon to arrive in Denver, Colorado.
That is impossible to me. So my activity will be to create military choices to ensure that
doesn't occur."

A key factor driving the Administration's activities and articulations has all the earmarks
of being the evaluation that at some point in 2018, North Korea is probably going to
obtain the ability of achieving the mainland United States with an atomic tipped ICBM.
This evaluation suggests that the time span for directing military activity without the
danger of a North Korean atomic assault against U.S. region is narrowing. Such an
appraisal may build the direness of endeavors to restart multilateral conciliatory
endeavors with North Korea, endeavors that some keep up could be fortified and
quickened if both North Korea and China trust that a U.S. military strike on the Korean
Peninsula is winding up more probable.

27
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this report I must say that the reconciliation process in Syria will not
be easy. The devastation to human life and property will take a great time to get better.
Syria today is facing immense challenges therefore it have to be handled carefully so that
the process of undermining the conflict will bring good results. Syria will have to face
several excruciating choices as it balances U.S interest and as it attempts to match
practical policies with rhetorical commitments. Trump can say that he is developing a
narrower definition of American interests in Syria. Analysis says that Syrians want
America out of their country and work against what Americans are doing with
Democratic Federation of Northern Syria.

North Korea has been on U.S policy as a major concern due to development of nuclear
weapons. Administrations have tried to improve relations and end the objectionable
behavior. The administration should appoint special representatives for the Korean peace
process. The representative should have enough stature and experience to bring together
high-levels officials to create a coherent approach with bipartisan support. The new
administration should also establish a congressional observer group which should have
contacts with decision makers in the region i.e. North Korea. Now president of United
States is in hope that he will have another summit meeting with North Korea in early
2019. For this several potential meeting sites are being considered.

28
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