Control No: _______________

SLK for STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

QUARTER 3 WEEK 7 - 8

I. PRELIMINARIES
Competenc 1. Illustrates the Central Limit Theorem; (M11/12SP-IIIe-2)
y 2. Defines the sampling distribution of the sample mean using the
central limit theorem; (M11/12SP-IIIe-3)
3. Solves problems involving sample distributions of the sample
mean. (M11/12SP-IIIe-f-1)
Objective The learners are expected to:
1. illustrate the central limit theorem;
2. define the sampling distribution using the central limit theorem;
and
3. solve problems involving sampling distribution of the sample
mean.
Topic/
Subject
Matter SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION AND THE CENTRAL LIMIT
THEOREM

Textbook Belecina, R., Baccay, E., & Mateo, E. (2016). Statistics and
Probability. REX Publishing.
Materials Paper, Pen, Sheets of paper, coloring material (optional), dice
Copyrights DepEd Talisay
Total Points
Date Week 7 (April 26 – 30, 2021), Week 8 (May 3 – 7, 2021)

II. CONTENT MAP

SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION

CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM SAMPLE MEAN

NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

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III. CONTENT NOTES

THE CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM

“The Central Limit Theorem states that the sampling distribution of the sample
means approaches a normal distribution as the sample size gets larger, no matter
the shape of the population distribution.” (Source: Statistics How To)

Source: Statistics Lesson 5.4 Notebook

An example of this is rolling a dice. The more times you roll the die, the more likely
the shape of the distribution of the means tend to look like a normal distribution
graph, as shown in the illustration below.

Remember:
As the sample size (n) increases, the distribution becomes
more and more normal and the spread of the distribution
decreases.

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 DEFINING THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE MEANS
USING THE CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM

Recall:

Sampling distribution refers to how a sample statistic is distributed

when repeated trials of size n are taken from the population. If the
sample statistic is the sample mean, then the distribution is called
the sampling distribution of sample means. Every sample
statistic has a sampling distribution.

Properties of Sampling Distributions of Sample Means

1) The mean of the sample means ( μ x́ ) is equal to the population mean ( μ ) .

In symbols, we have: μ x́ =μ

2) The standard deviation of the sample mean ( σ x́ ) is equal to the population

standard deviation ( σ ) divided by the square root of the sample size n.
σ
In symbols, we have: σ x́ =
√n
The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample means is also
called the standard error of the mean.

Example:

1. A certain population has a mean of 60 and a standard deviation of 5. If

random samples of 20 measurements is drawn from this population, how
will you describe the sampling distribution of the sample means?

Assuming that the population is infinite, we have:

Population mean = 50 ( μ=50 )
Step 1. Identify the given information.
Population standard deviation = 5( σ =5 )
Sample size = 20 (n=20)

Step 2. Determine the mean of the sampling distribution.

Using the central limit theorem, we know that μ x́ =μ, since μ=50, then our
sample mean is μ x́ =50.
This means that the sample mean is also 50.

Step 3. Solve the standard deviation of the sampling distribution.

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 σ
Using the central limit theorem, we know that σ x́ = , therefore, we can solve:
√n
5 5
σ x́ = = =1.1180 ≈ 1.12
√ 20 4.472135955
This means that the sample standard deviation of the sampling

Conclusion: The sampling distribution has the mean of 50 and a standard

deviation of 1.12. Since the standard deviation is large and is far from zero, the
sample mean is a poor estimate for the population mean.

Example #2.

2. The heights of female SHS students are normally distributed with a mean of
70 inches and a standard deviation of 2 inches. If 30 students are drawn
from the population, what would be the mean and standard deviation of the
computed sampling distribution of means?

Assuming that the population is infinite, we have:

Step 1. Identify the given information. Population mean = 70 ( μ=70 )

Population standard deviation = 2( σ =2 )
Sample size = 30 (n=30)

Step 2. Determine the mean of the sampling distribution.

Using the central limit theorem, we know that μ x́ =μ, since μ=70, then our
sample mean is μ x́ =70.
This means that the sample mean is also 70.

Step 3. Solve the standard deviation of the sampling distribution.

σ
Using the central limit theorem, we know that σ x́ = , therefore, we can solve:
√n
2 2
σ x́ = = =0.3651 ≈ 0.37
√ 30 5.4772255751
This means that the sample standard deviation of the sampling
distribution is 0.37

Conclusion: The sampling distribution has the mean of 70 and a standard

deviation of 0.37. Since the standard deviation is small and is close to zero, the
sample mean is a good estimate for the population mean.

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PROBLEMS INVOLVING SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE MEAN

In this part, we are going to use the sampling distribution of the mean to get
information about the sample mean.

The Central Limit theorem justifies the use of the following formula when
computing the probability that the x́ will take on a value within a given
range in the sampling distribution of x́ :
x́−μ
z=
σ
√n
Where;
x́=sample mean
μ= population mean
σ = population standard deviation
n=sample ¿ ¿

Example #1.

1) The average time it takes a group of SHS students to complete a Statistics

test is 54.8 minutes. The standard deviation is 5 minutes. We shall assume
that the data are normally distributed. What is the probability that a
randomly chosen SHS student will complete the test in less than 53
minutes?
Solution:

Step 1. Identify the given information.

Population mean = 54.8 ( μ=54.8 )

Population standard deviation = 5 ( σ =5 )
Observed score: ( x=53 )

Step 2. Identify what is asked.

The probability that a randomly chosen SHS student will complete the test in
less than 53 minutes.
In symbols,
P( x <53)

Step 3. Identify the formula to be used.

When dealing with an individual data obtained from the formula to be used to
standardized 53 would be the z-score formula
x−μ
z=
σ

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Step 4: Solve the problem.

Using the formula, we have;

x−μ 53−54.8 −1.8

z= = = =−0.36
σ 5 5

z=−0.36
Now that we know the z- score, we would refer to the z table, we
would get:

The Illustration:

The area under the normal curve for z -score = -0.36 is 0.3594. Thus, the
probability of finishing the test is 0.3594.

P ( x<53 )=0.3594

Step 5. State the final answer.

Thus, the probability that a randomly chosen SHS student will finish the test
in less than 53 minutes is 0.3594 or 35.94%. This is likely to happen.

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Example #2.

2. If there are 50 randomly selected SHS students, what is the probability that
the mean time it takes the group to finish the test will be less than 53 minutes?

Solution:
Step 1. Identify the given information.

Population mean = 54.8 ( μ=54.8 )

Population standard deviation = 5 ( σ =5 )
Observed score: ( x=53 )
Sample size: (n = 50)

Step 2. Identify what is asked.

The probability that the mean time it would take the group to finish the test will
be less than 53 minutes.
In symbols,
P( x <53)

Step 3. Identify the formula to be used.

Since we are dealing with data about sample means, we use:

x́−μ
z=
σ
√n
Step 4: Solve the problem.
Using the formula, we have;

x́−μ
z=
σ
√n
x́−μ 53−54.8 −1.8 −1.8
z= = = = =−2.55
σ 5 5 0.7071
√n √ 50 7.0711

z=−2.55

Illustrating it, we have:

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 Now that we know the z- score, we would refer to the z table, we would get:

Step 5. State the final answer.

Thus, the probability that 50 randomly selected SHS students will finish the
test in less than 53 minutes is 0.0054 or 0.54%. This is very unlikely to
happen.

IV. ACTIVITIES

Activity 1.
Competency: Illustrates the Central Limit Theorem; (M11/12SP-IIIe-2)
Date: April 30, 2021 – May 4, 2021
Directions: Answer the questions that follow.
HPS = 15 points

A certain activity result showd that the birth weights of babies could be modeled as
a normal distribution with a mean of 3250 grams and a standard deviation of 550
grams. The following histograms display the sample mean birth weights in 1000
samples of n = 5 babies and a 1000 samples of n = 10 babies:

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 Questions: Answer the questions below by answering A if the answer is the first
histogram, and B if the answer is the second histogram.

1) Which histogram goes with which sample size? Explain how you know.
2) Judging from these histograms, which sample size is more likely to produce
a sample mean birth weight below 2500 grams?
3) Judging from these histograms, which sample size is more likely to produce
a sample mean birth weight below 3000 grams?
4) Judging from the these histograms, which sample size is more likely to
produce a sample mean birth weight above 3500 grams?
5) Judging from the these histograms, which sample size is more likely to
produce a sample mean birth weight between 3000 grams and 3500
grams?
6) What do your answers to these questions reveal about the effect of sample
size on the sampling distribution of a sample mean?

Activity 2. Solve and Describe

Competency: Defines the sampling distribution of the sample mean using the
central limit theorem; (M11/12SP-IIIe-3)
Date: May 5, 2021
Directions: Read the given problem and solve by following the steps
provided. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
HPS = 20 points
Problem: The scores of the grade 12 students on the exit assessment have a
normal distribution with a mean of 20.8 and a standard deviation of 1.9. The total
number of students that took the test is 84. If the scores of the students have the
same distribution as the national scores, how will you describe the sampling
distribution of the scores of these students? Assume that the population is infinite.

Solution:
Step 1. Identify the given information
Step 2. Determine the mean of the sampling distribution.
Step 3. Solve the problem.
Conclusion: ______________________________________________________

V. EVALUATION

Date: May 6, 2021

Directions: Read and analyze each statement. Write the letter of the correct answer
on your answer sheet.
HPS = 15 points

1. A certain population has a mean of 13.2 and a standard deviation of 3.8. If

random samples of size 5 is taken from this population, which of the following

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 statements is correct?
a. The mean of the sampling distribution of the sample means is equal to
13.2
b. The mean of the sampling distribution of the sample means is less than
13.2
c. The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample means
is 3.8
d. The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample means
is 13.8
2. Which value of the standard deviation defines the best estimate of the
population mean?
a. 0.20
b. 0.37
c. 0.57
d. 1.3
3. A certain population has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 4. A random
sample of 15 are drawn from this population. Which describes the sampling
distribution of the sample means?
a. The sampling distribution of the sample means has a mean of 50,
variance of 1.067, and a standard deviation of 1.033.
b. The sampling distribution of the sample means ha s a mean greater than
50, and a standard deviation of 0.033.
c. The sampling distribution of the sample means has a mean less than 50,
and a standard deviation of 1.033.
d. The sampling distribution of the sample mean has a mean of 50, a
variance of 1.067, and a standard deviation of 0.033.
4. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. If samples of size n are drawn from a population, the sampling
distribution of the means approaches normal distribution as n gets
smaller in size.
b. If samples of size n are drawn from a population, the sampling
distribution of the means approaches normal distribution as n gets larger
in size.
c. If samples of size n are drawn from a population, the sampling
distribution of the means approaches normal distribution as the standard
deviation gets larger in size.
d. If samples of size n are drawn from a population, the sampling
distribution of the means approaches normal distribution as the standard
deviation gets smaller in size.
5. The Central Limit theorem says that the sampling distribution of the sample
mean is approximately normal if ____
a. All possible samples are selected.
b. The sample size is large.
c. The standard error of the sampling distribution is small.
d. All of the above.
6. The Central Limit theorem says that the mean of the sampling distribution of the
sample means is _____
a. Equal to the population mean divided by the square root of the sample
size.
b. Close to the population mean if the sample size is large.

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 c. Exactly equal to the population mean.
d. None of the above.
7. What does the Central Limit theorem say about the standard deviation of the
sampling distribution of the sample means?
a. The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
is equal to the population standard deviation divided by the square root
of the sample size.
b. The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
is close to the population standard deviation if the sample size is large.
c. The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
is exactly equal to the population standard deviation.
d. The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
is less than the population standard deviation.
8. If samples of size 25 are selected from a population with mean of 40 and a
standard deviation of 7.5, what is the mean of the sampling distribution of
sample means?
a. 7.5
b. 8
c. 40
d. 25
9. If samples of size 25 are selected from a population with mean of 40 and a
standard deviation of 7.5, what is the standard deviation of the sampling
distribution of sample means?
a. 0.3
b. 1.5
c. 7.5
d. 4.0
10. The mean and standard deviation of a population are 200 and 20 respectively.
If the sample size drawn from the population is 25, what is the standard
deviation of the sampling distribution of sample means?
a. 200
b. 25
c. 16
d. 4
11. A large pizza chain tracks how many pizzas each customer buys per order. The
number of pizzaz customers buy in any given order has a mean of 2.5 pizzas
and a standard deviation of 1.5. Suppose that random samples of 7 orders from
this population is taken and the sample mean is calculated, what will be the
shape of the sampling distribution?
a. Skewed to the left
b. Skewed to the right
c. Approximately normal
d. Unknown; not enough information to determine the shape
12. Dr. Lopez gives students 90 minutes to complete the final exam for her Math
subject. Most students use almost all th e allotted time, and a relatively few
students finish early. The mean and standard deviation of the finishing times
are 85 and 10 minutes, respectively. Suppose a random sample of 40 students
was taken, what would be the shape of the sampling distribution of the sample
mean?
a. Skewed to the left

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 b. Skewed to the right
c. Approximately normal
d. Unknown; not enough information to determine the shape
13. A car manufacturer crash tests a certain model of car and measures the impact
force. The test and model in question produce impact forces that are normally
distributed with a mean of 30 metric tons and a standard deviation of 1.5 metric
tons. Suppose that the manufacturer tests a random sample of 3 cars, what will
be the shape of the sampling distribution of the sample mean?
a. Skewed to the left
b. Skewed to the right
c. Approximately normal
d. Unknown; not enough information to determine the shape
14. A professional basketball league records each player’s success rate on their
free throw attempts. Here is the distribution of success rates for the
approximately 400 players in the league who attempted at least 20 free throws
in a recent season. Suppose that random samples of 30 players from the
population was taken and calculated the sample mean, which graph shows the
most reasonable approximation of the sampling distribution of the sample
mean?

15. An auto-maker does a quality control test on the paint thickness at different
points on its car parts. The distribution of thicknesses is skewed to the right with
a mean of 2 mm with a standard deviation of 0.5 mm. A quality control check on
this part involves taking a sample of 100? Assuming the stated mean and
standard deviation of the thickness are correct, what is the probability that the
mean thickness in the sample of 100 is within the 0.1 mm of the target value?
a. 68%
b. 90%
c. 95%
d. 99.7%

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VI. ADDITIONAL ASSIGNMENT
Directions: Solve the following problem.
HPS = 20 POINTS

1. The average rating of a public senior high school students in a certain

division of region VII is 85 with a standard deviation of 3. If a student is
selected, what is the probability that his average rating is greater than 80?
2. The average rating of a public senior high school students in a certain
division of region VII is 85 with a standard deviation of 3. If a random
sample of 20 senior high school students is selected, what is the probability
that the average rating is less than 80?
Note: Follow the 5 steps in solving the word problems.
VII. ANSWER KEY
Activity 1

Activity 2

VIII. REFERENCES

Belecina, R., Baccay, E., & Mateo, E. (2016). Statistics and Probability. REX
Publishing.
Subject Teacher: ____________________________
Contact Number: ______________

Prepared by:

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Name: SHANNA A. ORACION
School: MOHON (DIVINO AMORE) NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Contact No: (032)4915748
IX. FEEDBACK NOTES

LEARNER’S FEEDBACK
______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

PARENTS’/GUARDIANS’ FEEDBACK
__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

X.__________________________________________________________________
ANSWER SHEET

Control No: _______________

SLK for STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

QUARTER 3 WEEK 7- 8

Name: __________________________________ Grade & Sec.: ______________

Contact No :______________School: ___________________________________
Subject Teacher: ____________________________________________________

Activity 1

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 1) _____________ 3) _____________ 5) _____________
2) _____________ 4) _____________ 6) _____________

Activity 2

Step 1.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Step 2.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Step 3.

Conclusion:
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Evaluation: Additional Reading:

1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______
5. ______
6. ______
7. ______
8. ______
9. ______
10. _____
11. _____
12. _____
13. _____

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14. _____
15. _____

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