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Synchronous Generators: Module 5-1

Synchronous generators have a rotor that rotates within a stationary stator and produce electrical power through electromagnetic induction. The rotor is made of coils that produce a magnetic field, while the stator contains winding coils where the output voltage is generated. Large synchronous generators can produce power ranging from a few watts to hundreds of megawatts. The rotational speed of the rotor determines the electrical frequency of the output. Brushless exciters and pilot generators are often used to provide direct current to the rotor coils to produce its magnetic field.

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Shiza Shakeel
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40 views

Synchronous Generators: Module 5-1

Synchronous generators have a rotor that rotates within a stationary stator and produce electrical power through electromagnetic induction. The rotor is made of coils that produce a magnetic field, while the stator contains winding coils where the output voltage is generated. Large synchronous generators can produce power ranging from a few watts to hundreds of megawatts. The rotational speed of the rotor determines the electrical frequency of the output. Brushless exciters and pilot generators are often used to provide direct current to the rotor coils to produce its magnetic field.

Uploaded by

Shiza Shakeel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Synchronous Generators

Module 5-1

School of Science & Engineering


Covered So Far …
Machines perform electrical to One of these is free to rotate – Rotor
mechanical energy conversion and and the other is fixed in space – Stator
vice-versa Generator action is when the armature
Two independent windings/structures windings interact with the field to
i.e. Armature and Field produce electrical output
Armature, with windings, is where the Motor action is when the current
electrical power is input/output flowing in armature produces field that
Field, with windings or magnet, produces interacts with the Field to produce
magnetic field that does allows energy
conversion but does not directly take part Torque
Electromagnetic interaction between
armature and field

School of Science & Engineering


Synchronous Generators – Structure and Overview
Synchronous machines are mainly generators Rotor is either a permanent magnet or excited
although Permanent Magnet Synchronous by dc current to produce dc magnetic field in
Motors (PMSM) are becoming very popular steady state
Some of the largest machines – power varies Stator is laminated to reduce eddy current
from few Watts to hundreds of MWs losses
Cylindrical structure. Size is mainly governed Rotor may be laminated but is not required as
by its length as diameter is limited by high the field is dc
linear speed at its circumference for a given Rotor for high speed machines, 2 or 4-poles, is
rotational speed generally non-salient but for others is salient
Generally the Stator is outside – fixed pole with number of poles as high as 100
structure. Contains bulk of electrical power. Stator windings are sinusoidally distributed in
Armature Windings slots on the stator circumference
Generally the Rotor is inside – Field windings.
Produces the magnetic field but does not
directly participate in electrical to mechanical
energy conversion
School of Science & Engineering
2-Pole Generator for
Gas Turbine - Siemens

School of Science & Engineering


4-Pole Generator –
Alstom Power

School of Science & Engineering


Rotor
Slip Rings with carbon brushes used to provide
dc supply to the rotor windings
Higher losses and maintenance
Brushless Exciter: Is a second generator with
armature on rotor and field windings on stator
Produces ac on the rotor
Rectified to produce dc for supply to the main rotor
windings
Pilot Generator
A third, even smaller generator with permanent
magnets on the rotor
Armature windings on the stator with rectifier to
produce field excitation for brushless exciter

School of Science & Engineering


Frequency and Voltage
Speed of rotation is directly
related to the electrical
frequency
fe = P/2 fm = nmP/60 where:
nm is the mechanical speed in rpm
P is the number of pole pairs
RMS armature induced voltage is
given by:
EA=√2NCf = K
Variation with field excitation is
not linear and dependent on the
B-H curve
School of Science & Engineering
Next Topic
Synchronous Machine Model

School of Science & Engineering

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