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Hierarchical Cell Structure

Objectives

The participant is able to

- create hierarchical cell structures

Contents

1 Objectives

2 Mobile Speed Sensitive Handover

3 Priority Layer

4 Exercises

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1Objectives

As mentioned in Chapt.1, the capacity of a mobile radio network is given by the number of radio channels
NTCH per unit area A, e.g. per km 2:

N TCH N 1
 CPF x total x
A K CA

where Ntotal: total number of frequencies for the radio network,

K: cluster size,
CA: cell area,
CPF: channels per frequency.

Hence, there are two possibilities to increase the network capacity:

· to increase the number of channels per BTS by decreasing the cluster size,

· to increase the density of BTS locations, i.e. to use smaller cells.

A reduction of cluster size can be achieved by the interference reducing features discussed in
Chapt. 6.
In this chapter we focus on the the second possibility: the capacity increase by introducing micro cells.

To give an example, reducing the cell radius from 1000 m to 100 m reduces the cell area by factor 100. Hence,
the number of channels per area is increased by the same factor 100. This illustrates the huge potential of
micro cells.
But this extremely high capacity is not expected to be needed all over the radio network, but only in certain
regions, e.g.

· Hot Spots as Railway Station, Airport or a Shopping Mall which can be covered by a small number of
micro cells (1 ... 10),

· City Center covered by about 100 micro cells.

Due to economical reasons micro cells are intended to be served by cheaper and smaller BTSs (Micro BTSs)
which are easy to be installed with antennas installed below the roof top level, especially for the second
scenario with a large number of micro cells. Nevertheless, in principle it is possible to install very small cells
(also called micro cells in the following sections) for hot spot coverage (scenario 1) using classical BTSs.
Micro cells shall be embedded in an (existing) overlayer network of (conventional) macro cells.
A network consisting of (at least) two layers of cells of different dimensions (macro - micro cells) is called a
Hierarchical Cell Structure.

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The overlayer macro cells are needed for the following reasons:
· to achieve a global coverage,
· to serve as a rescue cell in the case of a rapid decrease of link quality (road corner effect),
· to serve fast moving MSs.

Additionally, the macro cell can be used

· to serve overflow traffic load from the micro cells (all channels busy within the micro cells),
· as a redundancy measure in case of a failure of a micro cell BTS.
In the following chapter it is focused on the aspect of separating mobiles according to their velocity (fast
moving mobiles server by macro cells - slow moving mobiles served by micro cells).

The following example illustrates why it is advisable to install macro cells to serve fast moving mobiles:

Example:
Assumptions:
· only micro cells of radius R = 100 m (no macro cell)
· mobile speed 20 m/s = 72 km/h
· mean call duration 100 s
· 10 simultaneously active calls per cell

Consequences:
=> 1 handover per call each 10 s
=> 10 handovers per call
=> 1 handover per second per cell.
=> Serving fast moving mobiles by micro cells would cause a high handover rate!

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=> Serving fast moving mobiles by macro cells reduces the handover rate

=> significant reduction of call drop probability

=> significant reduction of unnecessary handover signaling load

The discussion is summarized on the following:

Hierarchical Cell Structure

Upper layer: macro cells

· high transmit power

· antenna above roof top level

· global coverage

· basically handles high speed mobile

· Lower layer: micro cells

· low transmit power

· antenna below roof top level

· coverage of regions of high traffic load

· basically handles low speed mobile

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The following figure gives an illustration of the application of hierarchical cell structures:

· indoor coverage by an outdoor BTS; mobiles passing that BTS on the street are served by the macro cell;

· a parking lot served by a micro cell;

· a busy street canyon served by a chain of micro cells; in this example micro cells are assumed to have a
radius of 200 m (along the busy street) and to serve pedestrians (~ 1 m/s = 3.6 km/h) as well as mobiles
with a speed up to about 10 m/s = 36 km/h;
mobiles moving in side road are served by the macro cell; they shall be kept in the macro cell when they
cross the busy street canyon (no handover into the micro cell);
this illustrates that whether to serve a mobile by the micro or macro cell is not matter of absolute mobile
speed, but of mobile speed relative to the dimension of the micro cell, i.e. the criterion for serving a mobile
by a micro cell should be the expected duration of stay within the respective micro cell.

This criterion is used for the Cell Selection mechanism for phase 2 MSs (idle mode) already mentioned in
Chapter 4.1 as well as for the Mobile Speed Sensitive Handover described in the following chapter.

It should be noted that the Mobile Speed Handover works properly for both phase 1 and phase 2 MSs: phase 2
mobiles already set up a call in the correct layer and the handover algorithm keeps them in that layer (as long
as they do not change their speed); phase1 MSs may set up the call in the wrong layer, but the handover
algorithm will steer them to the correct layer after some seconds.

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Fig. 1

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2Mobile Speed Sensitive Handover

Mobile speed sensitivity is achieved

· by introducing timers T(n) for each connection in a cell and each handover candidate micro cell n
(analogous to the timers defined for cell selection of phase 2 MSs)

· and by using a time dependent handover margin for the better cell criterion.

The timer is started if both of the following conditions are fulfilled:

RXLEV_NCELL(n) > RXLEV_MIN(n) + Max(0, MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) - P ) (T1)

PBGT(n) > HO_MARGIN(n) (T2)

i.e. if the mobiles enters the coverage area of a micro cell.

Note: The quantities used in these inequalities are defined in Chapt. 4.2.2

After each SACCH frame in which these conditions are fulfilled the timer is incremented by 1. If one of these
conditions is not fulfilled the timer is reset to 0.

A better cell handover is initiated if

PBGT(n) > HO_MARGIN_TIME(n) (BC)

where the time dependent handover margin is given by

HO_MARGIN_TIME(n) = HO_MARGIN(n) + HO_STATIC_OFFSET(n)

for T(n) < DELAY_TIME(n) (HOM1)

HO_MARGIN_TIME(n)
= HO_MARGIN(n) + HO_STATIC_OFFSET(n) - HO_DYNAMIC_OFFSET(n)

for T(n)>= DELAY_TIME(n) (HOM2)

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Parameters for Mobile Speed Sensitive Handover

EN_PBGTD_HO

Object Package DB Name Range Step Size Unit

HAND - DPBGTHO TRUE/FALSE - -

Fig. 2

Flag to enable (TRUE) and disable (FALSE the mobile speed sensitive handover algorithm.

HO_STATIC_OFFSET

Object Package DB Name Range Step Size Unit

ADJC - HOMSOFF 0...127 1 dB

Fig. 3

HO_STATIC_OFFSET is added to the handover margin of those neighbor cells of the lower layer structure
whose timer has not yet been started or is still running. A high value of HO_STATIC_OFFSET effectively
prevents a handover into the respective cell during the runtime of the timer for that cell.

HO_DYNAMIC_OFFSET

Object Package DB Name Range Step Size Unit

ADJC - HOMDOFF 0...127 1 dB

Fig. 4

For those neighbor cells of the lower layer structure, whose timer has expired, the handover margin is reduced
by HO_DYNAMIC_OFFSET, i.e. corresponding handover margin is given by

HO_MARGIN_TIME(n)
= HO_MARGIN(n) + HO_STATIC_OFFSET(n) - HO_DYNAMIC_OFFSET(n).

This is the margin fixing the cell borders of the cell of the lower layer and replacing the usual
HO_MARGIN(n) within the standard handover (Chapter 4.2)
On timer expiry the reduced HO_MARGIN(n) allows a power budget handover into a cell of the lower layer
structure for a slow moving mobile which is expected to be still in the coverage area of that cell.

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On the contrary, a fast moving mobile is expected to have left the coverage area of an embedded cell of the
lower layer structure while the timer for that cell is running and therefore the conditions for a better cell
handover will be violated and thus preventing a handover request into that cell. Consequently fast moving
mobiles are kept in the macro cell.

A fast moving mobile initially connected to a cell of the lower layer structure (e.g. a phase 1 mobile or mobile
having changed its speed) is steered to the upper layer structure by requesting for it a handover based on the
absolute level criterion.

It should be noted that HO_MARGIN_TIME is not only used as a threshold for power budget handover
decisions, but also for ranking of cell within the target cell list, i.e. the order criterion for the target cell list
(refer to Chapt. 4.2.3) is modified to

PRIO_NCELL(n) = PBGT(n) - HO_MARGIN_TIME(n).

This means that a rescue handover (Quality, Level and Distance) into a cell of the lower layer get a lower
priority before the expiry of the timer.

To prevent a power budget handover from a cell of the lower layer to an macro cell n

HO_MARGIN(n)

has to be set to a high value for each macro neighbor cell. It should be noted that there is no time dependent
handover margin for the transition micro to macro cell (macro cell is not barred).

DELAY_TIME

Object Package DB Name Range Step Size Unit

ADJC - HOMDTIME 0...255 1 TSACCH

Fig. 5

DELAY_TIME defines the time a cell of the lower layer structure is “barred” (by applying the
HO_STATIC_OFFSET) for an incoming handover after the mobile has entered the “coverage area “ of that
cell defined by conditions (T1) and (T2).

DELAY_TIME(n) ~ cell size of neighbor micro cell n/ v critical

where vcritical is that mobile speed above which mobiles are considered as fast.

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HO_MARGIN

Object Package DB Name Range Step Size Unit

ADJC - HOM 0...48 1 dB

-24...24 dB

Fig. 6

The meaning of the HO_MARGIN for the mobile speed sensitive handover differs from that for the standard
handover. For the standard handover it defines the threshold for a better cell handover; for the mobile speed
sensitive handover it defines the location of the timer start according to the condition (T2). The role of the
handover margin is transferred to HO_MARGIN_TIME.

Choosing small or even negative values for HO_MARGIN results in an early timer start and thereby avoids
cell border displacements and interference problems. Setting HO_MARGIN to large negative values
effectively cancels condition (T2), and consequently the timer start is only triggered by condition (T1). Hence,
in this case the cell borders of the lower layer structure are independent of the cell site positions with respect
to the cell sites in the upper layer structure.

MICRO_CELL

Object Package DB Name Range Step Size Unit

ADJC - MICROCELL TRUE/FALSE - -

Fig. 7

Flag to indicate whether a neighbor cell is handled as a micro cell by the speed sensitive handover algorithm.
Only for micro neighbor cells the above mentioned timers are started and a handover is prevented using the
offsets.

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Example 1:

Figures 8 (Start in Micro Cell) and 9 (Start in Macro Cell) illustrate the parameter setting for the mobile speed
sensitive handover.

The received level from the micro cells (micro cell distance: 400 m) has been idealized by the COST 231
Walfish-Ikegami model (street canyon, line of sight, refer to GSM 03.30):

RXLEV(d) = const - 26 * log d

The received level from the macro cell was idealized to be constant (RXLEV = 26) within the region of the
micro cells.

In this example the adjustment of transmit power was chosen in such way that RXLEV = 26
(-84 dBm) at the position where PBGT = 0, i.e.

RXLEV(d) = 8 - 26 * log d [km].

Choosing

RXLEV_MIN(n) = 20 and HO_MARGIN(n) = 0

for neighbor micro cells n, the timer is started at the position

xstart at which PBGT(micro -> micro) = 0 or PBGT(micro -> Macro) = 0.

A fast moving mobile starting in a micro cell performs a handover to the macro cell at the position:

xlev at which the received micro cell level falls below L_RXLEV_H(micro) (= 14 in this example)

For the given example one has: xlev - xstart ~ 380 m.

Hence, calling the velocity for distinguishing between slow and fast v crit (= 10 m/s), the parameter
DELAY_TIME(micro -> micro) has to be set to

DELAY_TIME(micro -> micro) = (x lev - xstart ) / vcrit = 38 s.

DELAY_TIME(micro -> micro) can be reduced by increasing L_RXLEV_H(micro), e.g.

RXLEV_MIN = 23 and L_RXLEV_H = 20.

Than one has xlev - xstart ~ 140 m, i.e.

DELAY_TIME(micro -> micro) = (x lev - xstart ) / vcrit = 14 s.

However, in a real environment due to fading effects there is a limitation of reducing the hysteresis between
L_RXLEV_H and RXLEV_MIN (an example will be shown below).

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For the case of start in the macro cell, the fast moving mobile leaves the coverage area at the second position
xout where PBGT(Macro -> micro) = 0. This means:

DELAY_TIME(Macro -> micro) = (x lev - xstart ) / vcrit = 400 m / 10 m/s = 40 s.

The handover offset parameters for the power budget handover micro -> micro and Macro -> micro can be set
in the following way:

HO_STATIC_OFFSET = 127 HO_DYNAMIC_OFFSET = 121.

This leads to an effective handover margin after timer expiry of

HO_MARGIN_TIME = HO_MARGIN+
HO_STATIC_OFFSET - HO_DYNAMIC_OFFSET = 6 dB.

To prevent power budget handover from micro to macro cells one should use:

HO_MARGIN (micro -> Macro) = 24 dB.

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Fig. 8

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Fig. 9

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Simulation Results:

The following example presents the parameter settings and the behavior of the speed sensitive handover
algorithm for a more realistic scenario.

The investigated scenario is a chain of 6 micro cells overlaid by one macro cell. The following figures show:

· the received downlink level from the 6 micro cells (distance 400 m) and from the macro cell
(fig. 11).

· the respective serving cell at a given location for different values of the MS velocity for 2 cases:

· MS starts in the micro cell (fig. 12),

· MS starts in the macro cell (fig. 13).

The received levels shown in the figure 11 are taken from real measured data which are composed to build up
this scenario. The scenario was investigated by computer simulations, i.e. within the computers „a mobile
drives through these cells“ where the speed of the mobile is incremented in steps of 6 km/h form 3 km/h to 57
km/h.

The figures for the channel occupancy show that critical velocity for separating between slow and fast was
chosen to be approximately 36 km/h. (Different shading represent the different micro cells.)

The following parameter setting has been used for the simulations:

Target ® Micro ® Macro

Serving

Micro ® HO_MARGIN = 0 dB HO_MARGIN = 20 dB

HO_STATIC_OFFSET = 126 dB HO_STATIC_OFFSET = -
HO_DYNAMIC_OFFSET = 120 dB HO_DYNAMIC_OFFSET = -
DELAY_TIME = 15 sec DELAY_TIME = -
HO_MARGIN_TIME = 6 dB HO_MARGIN_TIME = -
RXLEV_MIN = -90 dBm RXLEV_MIN = -90 dBm
L_RXLEV_H = -100 dBm L_RXLEV_H = -100 dBm

Macro ® HO_MARGIN = 0 dB
HO_STATIC_OFFSET = 126 dB
HO_DYNAMIC_OFFSET = 117 dB
DELAY_TIME = 60 sec
HO_MARGIN_TIME = 9 dB
RXLEV_MIN = -90 dBm
L_RXLEV_H = -100 dBm

Fig. 10

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Fig. 11 Received downlink level from micro cells and macro cell

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Fig. 12 Channel Occupancy (Serving Cell) as a function of location and mobile speed
for start in first micro cell

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Fig. 13 Channel Occupancy (serving cell) as a function of location and mobile speed
for start in macro cell

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3Priority Layer

In a Hierarchical Cell Structure the traffic should be supported on multiple layers of cells.

A Network Operator can for example implement a three layer network having the biggest cell on the Upper
Layer (Macro Cells), used to guarantee the coverage when it is not possible otherwise, the normal cell (typical
range larger than 1km) on the Middle Layer, and the microcells on the lower layer are used to handle high
traffic areas.

A Hierarchical Cell Structure configured with priority levels is also required in case of Multiband Systems
(GSM-DCS).

In a hierarchical cell structure it is necessary to avoid a congestion in the Macro cells and to use as much as
possible the microcells. Therefore it is proposed, besides to the already implemented Speed Sensitive HO
(controlled by the dedicated O&M parameters), to provide the following possibilities :

a) For each adjacent /serving cell shall be indicated the priority layer it belongs to . This is set by an O&M
parameter having a range 0-15, to cope also with possible future use (e.g. pico cells, specific services
supported only in one layer, ect.).
The layer specifies the “Priority” of the cell.
Layer 0 has the highest priority and layer 15 the lowest one.

b) The list of preferred target cells after being built according to the present criteria is reworked, taking into
account the hierarchical priority of the cells, the handover causes and when it is required also a comparison
with a level threshold to guarantee that in the adjacent cell there is an acceptable signal level .

Handover Causes

The handover may be due to imperative causes or to PBGT, in the first case all the cells in the target list are
considered whatever are their hierarchical priority and how it is considered the MS speeds, according to the
Speed Sensitive HO algorithm ; in case of PBGT HO , the HO is not intended to be mandatory so it is carried
out only if a suitable cell is found, that is a cell having a priority equal or higher than the serving one .

The operator is free to choose the priority layer for each cell , this means for example , that a different priority
can be given to cells of the same layer.

It is then possible to apply the Speed Sensitive HO algorithm to evaluate the mobile speed (tipically this is
done for the lower layer and / or the standard one, those cells should have the already existing Microcell flag =
true) ; if the mobile is classified as slow, the layer maintains its priority otherwise it is penalized. The operator
has to define the penalized layer for the cell where the mobile is considered as an high speed MS.

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Parameters for priority layers in HCS

EN_HIERARCHICAL_CELL_HO

Object Package DB Name Range Step Size Unit

HAND - HIERC TRUE / - -

FALSE

Fig. 14

Flag to enable (TRUE) or disable (FALSE) the Hirarchical Cell Structure algorithm.

PRIORITY_LAYER

Object Package DB Name Range Step Size Unit

HAND - PL 0...15 1 -

Fig. 15

It indicates the priority of the serving cell.

0 = highest priority..................................15 = lowest priority

PRIORITY_LAYER_NCELL

Object Package DB Name Range Step Size Unit

ADJC - PLNC 0...15 1 -

Fig. 16

It indicates the priority of the adjacent cell .

0 = highest priority..................................15 = lowest priority

PENALTY_PRIORITY_LAYER_NCELL

Object Package DB Name Range Step Size Unit

ADJC - PPLNC 0...15 1 -

Fig. 17

It defines the penalized priority of the adjacent cell to be applied in case of high speed mobile.
The attribute defines the priority used for microcells for that the speed sensitive handover timer is currently
running.

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HIERARCHICAL_CELL_RANK_FLAG

Object Package DB Name Range Step Size Unit

HAND - HIERF RANK0 / - -

RANK1

Fig. 18

This flag is used on serving cell basis to choose between two different ranking methods in case of imperative
handover ( quality, level, distance) if HIERC = TRUE.

LEVEL_OFFSET_NCELL

Object Package DB Name Range Step Size Unit

ADJC - LEVONC 0...63 1 1 dB

Fig. 19

Level offset for the signal level of adjacent cell(n) in case of ranking method 1

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Priority in the Cell Ranking

In the case of powerbudget handover only the cells having a value of:

· PBGT(n) > HO_MARGIN(n) &

· PLNC(n) £ PL

are inserted in the target cell list.

1. These cells are sorted in increasing order of priority -PLNC(n)

2. Having the same priority these cells are sorted by: PBGT(n) - HO_MARGIN(n)

For the imperative handover two ranking possibilities are foreseen , according to the setting of a
HIERARCHICAL_CELL_RANK_FLAG.

Rank0: All cells where:

RXLEV_NCELL(n) > RXLEV_MIN(n) + MAX( 0,MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) - P )
are sorted in in the target cell list into two groups:
1. Cells where:
PBGT(n) - HO_MARGIN(n) > 0
are followed by those cells where:
PBGT(n) - HO_MARGIN(n) £ 0
2. Inside these groups the cells are sorted in increasing order of priority - PLNC(n)
3. Having the same priority these cells are sorted by: PBGT(n) - HO_MARGIN(n)

Rank1: All cells where:

RXLEV_NCELL(n) > RXLEV_MIN(n) + MAX( 0,MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) - P )
are sorted in in the target cell list into two groups:
1. Cells where:
RXLEV_NCELL(n )> RXLEV_MIN(n)+MAX(0,MS_TXPWR_MAX(n)-P)
+LEVEL_OFFSET_NCELL (n)
are followed by those cells where:
RXLEV_NCELL(n )£ RXLEV_MIN(n)+MAX(0,MS_TXPWR_MAX (n)-P)
+LEVEL_OFFSET_NCELL (n)
2. Inside these groups the cells are sorted in increasing order of priority - PLNC(n)
3. Having the same priority these cells are sorted by: PBGT(n) - HO_MARGIN(n)

If the flag is set to ‘RANK0’ the cell ranking is reworked separately in the set of cells having
PBGT > HO_MARGIN and in the other one , that is PBGT < HO_MARGIN.

With the flag set to RANK1 the operator has the possibility to organize two sets of cells on the basis of a
signal level that it has been considered ‘Sufficient’ ; this method allows to further encourage, with respect to
the previous RANK0 the HO towards the lower layers.

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4Exercises

Exercise 1: Speed sensitive Handover

Consider a hierarchical cell structure with two micro cells with BTS distance 300 m (MS_TXPWR_MAX
(micro) = 23 dBm) and an overlaid macro cell with MS_TXPWR_MAX (macro) = 33 dBm. An MS of GSM
power class 2 is moving from the left to the right.

RXLEV
micro 1 micro 2

30 = RXLEV (macro)
A B 20
15 = RXLEV_MIN
C 10 = L_RXLEV_HO
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500

distance [m]

The recveived levels for the macro and the micro cells are idealized in the picture above.

1. The MS starts in the macro cell and the following parameters have been set:
HO_MARGIN (macro ® micro) = 0 HO_STATIC_OFFSET = 100 dB
DELAY_TIME (macro ® micro) = 60 sec HO_DYNAMIC_OFFSET = 100 dB
Calculate the critical velocity Vcrit, i.e. the velocity below which the MS is dropped to the micro cell 1
and above which it stays in the macro cell

2. Using the same margings and offsets for a micro ® micro handover, which DELAY_TIME (micro ®
micro) is required to obtain the same Vcrit.

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Exercise 2: Priority Layer

Concider the following adjacent cell parameter settings and measurement results for a GSM cell in connected
mode of MS powerclass P = 33 dBm:

Adj-Cell 1 Adj-Cell 2 Adj-Cell 3 Adj-Cell 4 Adj-Cell 5 Adj-Cell 6

RXLEV_NCELL(n) 18 18 20 13 17 18

RXLEV_MIN(n) 10 10 10 14 14 10

MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) 39 dBm 37 dBm 37 dBm 33 dBm 37 dBm 39 dBm

PBGT(n) 3 dB 3 dB 5 dB - 2 dB 2 dB 3 dB

HO_MARGIN(n) 4 dB 2 dB 1 dB 1 dB 2 dB 1 dB

PLNC(n) 1 3 8 2 4 3

LEV_OFFSET_NC(n) 1 dB 1 dB 6 dB 4 dB 4 dB 4 dB

The Priority_Layer serving cell is set to PL = 5

a) Generate the target cell list for the HO_COND_IND message with the following conditions:
HIERC=FALSE , HO-cause=emergency

b) Generate the target cell list for the HO_COND_IND message with the following conditions:
HIERC=TRUE , HO-cause=emergency , HIERF=RANK0

c) Generate the target cell list for the HO_COND_IND message with the following conditions:
HIERC=TRUE , HO-cause=emergency , HIERF=RANK1

d) Generate the target cell list for the HO_COND_IND message with the following conditions:
HIERC=TRUE , HO-cause=powerbudget

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Solutions

Exercise 1: Speed sensitive Handover

1. PBGT (macro ® micro) = RXLEV_NCELL (micro) - RXLEV (macro)

+ MS_TXPWR_MAX (macro) - MS_TXPWR_MAX (micro)

= RXLEV_NCELL (micro) - RXLEV (macro) + 10 dB

Timer start at PBGT > HO_MARGIN = 0, i.e. RXLEV_NCELL (micro)=RXLEV(macro) - 10 dB i.e. at

point A = -150 m.

Since the static and dynamic offset have the same value, the handover margin is 0 after reset of the barring.
To do not handover to the first micro cell, the MS has to be beyond point B after timer expiry of
DELAY_TIME ® Vcrit = (B - A) / DELAY_TIME = 300 m / 60 s = 5 m/s = 18 km/s

2. PBGT (micro 1® micro 2) = RXLEV_NCELL (micro 2) - RXLEV (micro 1)

> HO_MARGIN (micro ® micro) = 0

Timer start at point B. A level handover from the micro to the macro cell is performed at point C, i.e. for a
slow moving MS (V < Vcrit) the offset has to be reset before C:

DELAY_TIME (micro 1® micro 2) = (C - B) / Vcrit = 100 m / 5 m/s = 20 s.

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Exercise 2: Priority Layer

a) Adj-Cells 1, 2, 3 and 6 fulfill the condition to be member in the target cell list:

RXLEV_NCELL(n) > RXLEV_MIN(n) + Max( 0 , MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) - P )

The ranking in this target cell list is due to: PBGT(n) - HO_MARGIN(n)

Target cell list:

Adj-Cell PBGT(n) -HO_MARGIN(n)
3 4 dB
6 2 dB
2 1 dB
1 - 1 dB

b) Adj-Cells 1, 2, 3 and 6 fulfill the condition to be member in the target cell list:

RXLEV_NCELL(n) > RXLEV_MIN(n) + Max( 0 , MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) - P )

The ranking in this target cell list is due to: 1. PBGT(n) > HO_MARGIN(n)
2. PLNC(n)
3. PBGT(n) - HO_MARGIN(n)

Target cell list:

Adj-Cell PBGT(n) > HO_MARGIN(n) PLNC(n) PBGT(n) -HO_MARGIN(n)
6 YES 3 2 dB
2 YES 3 1 dB
3 YES 8 4 dB
1 NO 1 - 1 dB

c) Adj-Cells 1, 2, 3 and 6 fulfill the condition to be member in the target cell list:

RXLEV_NCELL(n) > RXLEV_MIN(n) + Max( 0 , MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) - P )

The ranking in this target cell list is due to: 1. LEVEL_OFFSET_NC(n) condition
2. PLNC(n)
3. PBGT(n) - HO_MARGIN(n)

Target cell list:

Adj-Cell LEVEL_OFFSET_NC(n) PLNC(n) PBGT(n) -HO_MARGIN(n)
condition
1 YES 1 - 1 dB
2 YES 3 1 dB
6 NO 3 2 dB

3 NO 8 4 dB
LEVEL_OFFSET_NC(n) condition:
RXLEV_NCELL(n) > RXLEV_MIN(n)+Max(0,MS_TXPWR_MAX(n)-P)+LEVEL_OFFSET_NC(n)

5 - 30 A30181-X1789-X004-01-7635
 Siemens
Training Center
for Communication
Networks

d) The condition to be member in the target cell list is now:

RXLEV_NCELL(n) > RXLEV_MIN(n) + Max(0,MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) - P) &

PBGT(n) > HO_MARGIN(n)

PL ³ PLNC(n)

the condition is fulfilled for Adj-Cells 2 and 6 .

Target cell list:

Adj-Cell PLNC(n) PBGT(n) -HO_MARGIN(n)
6 3 2 dB
2 3 1 dB

A30181-X1789-X004-01-7635 5 - 31