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LAB 7 Emi

This document summarizes a lab report on learning the physical properties of infrared and sonar sensors using the NI QNET Mechatronics Sensors trainer. The pre-lab task involves writing a one page note on infrared and sonar sensors. Infrared sensors detect infrared radiation to output a voltage correlated to a target's distance, and are used for medium-range non-contact positioning. Sonar sensors emit and receive ultrasonic waves to measure the time between emission and reception to determine a target's distance, and are used for longer-range detection. The in-lab portion involves experiments with infrared and sonar sensors on the QNET trainer. Post-lab questions address sensor behavior at different target distances and the resolution and

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Hassan Aamer
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55 views

LAB 7 Emi

This document summarizes a lab report on learning the physical properties of infrared and sonar sensors using the NI QNET Mechatronics Sensors trainer. The pre-lab task involves writing a one page note on infrared and sonar sensors. Infrared sensors detect infrared radiation to output a voltage correlated to a target's distance, and are used for medium-range non-contact positioning. Sonar sensors emit and receive ultrasonic waves to measure the time between emission and reception to determine a target's distance, and are used for longer-range detection. The in-lab portion involves experiments with infrared and sonar sensors on the QNET trainer. Post-lab questions address sensor behavior at different target distances and the resolution and

Uploaded by

Hassan Aamer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAB#7: Learning the Physical Properties

of Most Common Sensors Used Today


Using National Instruments (NI) QNET
Mechatronics Sensors (MECHKIT) Trainer
(PART-1)

submitted to : Sir Saqib Irfan


submitted by: Hassan Aamer (FA18-BEE-205)
Mohsin Ali (FA18-BEE-186)

Pre-Lab Task:

 Write a 1-page note on Infrared and Sonar Sensors.

An infrared sensor is an electronic instrument that is used to sense certain


characteristics of its surroundings. It does this by either emitting or detecting
infrared radiation. An IR sensor is typically composed of an infrared emitting
diode (IRED), a position sensing detector (PSD), and a signal processing circuit. It
outputs a voltage the correlates to the distance of the remote target. Infrared (IR)
sensors are widely used in robots, automotive systems, and various other
applications that require an accurate, medium-range non-contact position
measurement Passive Infrared sensors are used for motion detection systems,
and LDR sensors are used for outdoor lighting systems. They have wavelengths
between 0.75 and 1000µm.
Sonar is simply making use of an echo. When an animal or machine makes a
noise, it sends sound waves into the environment around it. Those waves bounce
off nearby objects, and some of them reflect-back to the object that made the
noise. The sensor head emits an ultrasonic wave and receives the wave reflected-
back from the target. Ultrasonic Sensors measure the distance to the target by
measuring the time between the emission and reception. Ultrasonic sensors
work by emitting sound waves at a frequency too high for humans to hear. They
then wait for the sound to be reflected-back calculating distance based on the
time required.

In-Lab
Sonar SENSOR
Infrared SENSOR
Post-Lab
 What did you notice when the target is close to the IR sensor?
That is, did behavior of the sensor change when the target was in
close-proximity as opposed to being further away?

Infrared sensors are also used to measure distance or proximity. The


reflected light is detected and then an estimate of distance is calculated
between sensor and object.When objects pass within the range, the light
waves detect those objects and reflect the presence back to the sensor
Measuring range of the sensor is 10 cm – 80 cm. Minimum 10cm &
maximum almost 80 cm(6.6in.). When then target is out of ranges it cannot
measure correctly.
 What is the resolution and operating range of the sonar sensor?
How does the resolution and range compare with the IR sensor?

The resolution and operating range will be only 0.086 mm or (0.004


inches) with a resolution of 2.5 cm (1") for distances beyond 15 cm (6").
The resolution of a range measurement made with an ultrasonic
sensor is influenced by many factors.Like air pressure, temperature,
humidity etc.
The ultrasonic sensor calculates the distance of the object from the
speed of sound. When sound is propagated in air, the speed of sound is
about 344 m/s at room temperature. The resolution of a range
measurement made with an ultrasonic sensor is influenced by many
factors.Like air pressure, temperature, humidity etc.
The range & resolution both of SONAR sensor are larger then IR
sensors. As IR sensors have analog output that varies from 2.8V at
15cm to 0.4V at 150cm which is smaller than sonar sensor.

Critical Analysis
IN THIS LAB, WE LEARNT ABOUT INFRARED
DISTANCE MEASURING SENSOR ON QNET MECHKIT
AND ALSO ABOUT SONAR SENSORS ON QNET
MECHKIT FOR LOND DISTANCES.WE LEARNT THAT
SONAR EMIT SOUND WAVES AND INFRARED
SENSOR EMIT LIGHT WAVES (IR radiations). SONAR
SENSOR WORKS ON PRINCIPLE OF ECO SOUNDING
& ALSO THE IR SENSOR EMITS INFRARED
RADIATION & DETECTS WHEN THEY REFLETS
BACK.IR SENSOR ARE MEDUIM RANGE SENSOR &
SONAR SENSORS ARE LONG RANGES SENSORS.

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