Mountain Province

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to navigationJump to search

Mountain Province

Province

Overlooking the Maligcong Rice Terraces in Bontoc

Flag

Seal
 Location in the Philippines

Coordinates: 17°05′N 121°10′ECoordinates: 17°05′N 121°10′E

Country Philippines
Region Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)

Founded 1908

Capital Bontoc

Government
 • Type Sangguniang Panlalawigan
 • Governor Bonifacio C. Lacwasan Jr.
 • Vice Governor Francis O. Taulif
 • Representative Maximo Y. Dalug Jr.

Area
[1]

 • Total 2,157.38 km2 (832.97 sq mi)
Area rank 58th out of 81

Highest elevation 2,717 m (8,914 ft)

 (Mount Singakalsa)

Population
  (2015 census) [3]
 • Total 154,590
 • Estimate  156,988[2]
(2020)
 • Rank 76th out of 81
 • Density 72/km2 (190/sq mi)
 • Density rank 75th out of 81

Divisions
 • Independent cities 0
 • Component cities 0
 • Municipalities
10
 • Barangays 144
 • Districts Lone district of Mountain Province

Time zone UTC+8 (PHT)

ZIP code 2616–2625

IDD : area code  +63 (0)74
ISO 3166 code PH-MOU

Spoken languages  Bontoc

 Kankana-ey
 Ilocano
 Tagalog
 English

Website mountainprovince.gov.ph

Mountain Province (Filipino: Lalawigang Bulubundukin) is a landlocked province of

the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Bontoc.
Mountain Province was formerly referred to as Mountain in some foreign references.
The name is usually shortened by locals to Mt. Province. The province was named so
for being in the Cordillera Central mountain range found in the upper realms of Luzon
island.
Mountain Province was also the name of the historical province that included most of
the current Cordillera provinces. This old province was established by the Philippine
Commission in 1908,[4][5][6] and was later split in 1966 into Mountain
Province, Benguet, Kalinga-Apayao and Ifugao.[7][8][9]
The province is also known for its mummy caves, which contain naturally mummified
bodies, and for its hanging coffins.[7]
 Contents

 1History
o 1.1Spanish period
o 1.2American period
o 1.3Post-war era
 2Geography
o 2.1Administrative divisions
o 2.2Barangays
 3Demographics
o 3.1Religion
 4Economy
 5Tourism
 6Government
o 6.1List of former governors
 7References
 8External links

History[edit]
Spanish period[edit]
The area of the Cordillera mountains proved difficult to control by the Spaniards. During
the long Spanish rule, not much was done to bring the province under control. From
1566 to 1665, they sent expeditions to conquer the land but the rugged terrain and
hostile indigenous population at the time were major obstacles to complete subjugation.
[10]
 The first serious effort to subjugate them was made in 1785 when soldiers were sent
from Cagayan to put down a revolt of the Kalingas. A famous Spanish explorer,
Guillermo Galvez, conducted more than 40 forays to the mountainous region. [11]
Formerly called La Montañosa by the Spanish colonizers due to its mountainous terrain,
[7][12]
 the area was subdivided into 6 comandancias politico-militar.[13]

The 6 former Comandancias Politico-Militar of La Montañosa [13]

Comandanci Comandanci
Year established Year established
a a

Benguet 1846 Amburayan 1889

Lepanto 1852 Kayapa 1891

Bontoc 1859 Cabugaoan 1891

American period[edit]
On August 19, 1908, during the American rule, the Philippine Commission enacted Act
No. 1876, which organized the entire area of the Cordilleras into one large province,
named Mountain Province.[4][6][7][14]
The first governor was Samuel Cane, and the town of Bontoc was made the capital. It
was originally composed of the sub-provinces of Amburayan, Apayao, Benguet,
Lepanto-Bontoc, Ifugao and Kalinga. [6][12]
Amburayan was later abolished in 1920 and its corresponding territories were
transferred to the provinces of Ilocos Sur and La Union. Lepanto was also reduced in
size and its towns were integrated into the sub-provinces of Bontoc and Benguet, and to
the province of Ilocos Sur.[10][15] [16]

Historical sub-provinces of Mountain Province under Act No. 1876[4][6][13][16]

Sub-province Abolished? Notes

Yes, in
Amburayan Territories annexed to Ilocos Sur and La Union[6][16]
1920

Apayao No

Benguet No Eastern towns annexed to Ilocos Sur and La Union in 1920[16]

Ifugao No

Kalinga No

Yes, in
Lepanto-Bontoc Territories annexed to Ilocos Sur, Bontoc and Benguet[6][16]
1920
 Bontoc sub-province in 1918

The province in 1918

Post-war era[edit]
Effective on April 7, 1967, Republic Act No. 4695 abolished the old Mountain Province,
converting its sub-provinces into 4 independent provinces: Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga-
Apayao and Mountain Province (corresponding to the former Bontoc sub-province).[7][9]
[12]
 On June 15, 1987, the Cordillera Administrative Region was established upon the
issuance of Executive Order 220 by then-President Corazon Aquino, and Mountain
Province was made one of its provinces.[10][17][18]

Geography[edit]

The Chico River with the capital town of Bontoc in the background

Mountain Province covers a total area of 2,157.38 square kilometres (832.97 sq mi)

[19]
 occupying the central section of the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. The
province is bordered on the north by Kalinga, south by Ifugao, southwest by Benguet,
west by Ilocos Sur, and northwest by Abra.
Situated within the Cordillera Central, Mountain Province is 83% mountainous while
17% make up hills and levels. The province has many rivers, waterfalls, mountains, and
caves. The central and western areas of the province are characterized by rugged
mountains and steep cliffs, while the eastern portion has generally sloping terrain. [7][12]
Administrative divisions[edit]
Mountain Province comprises ten municipalities, all encompassed by a lone legislative
district.[19]
 Political divisions

Municipality [i] Population ±% Area[19] Density (2015) Barangay

p.a.
(2015) [3] (2010) [20] km2 sq mi /km2 /sq mi
Barlig 3.1% 4,819 5,838 −3.59% 228.64 88.28 21 54 11
Bauko 20.1% 31,065 30,172 +0.56% 153.00 59.07 200 520 22
Besao 4.6% 7,040 7,818 −1.98% 173.62 67.04 41 110 14
Bontoc † 15.9% 24,643 23,980 +0.52% 396.10 152.94 62 160 16
Natonin 6.6% 10,272 10,048 +0.42% 252.00 97.30 41 110 11
Paracelis 18.2% 28,121 26,476 +1.15% 570.16 220.14 49 130 9
Sabangan 6.0% 9,315 8,741 +1.22% 72.04 27.81 130 340 15
Sadanga 5.7% 8,799 9,181 −0.81% 83.30 32.16 110 280 8
Sagada 7.2% 11,127 11,244 −0.20% 83.32 32.17 130 340 19
Tadian 12.5% 19,389 20,689 −1.23% 145.20 56.06 130 340 19

T OTAL 154,590 154,187 +0.05% 2,157.38 832.97 72 190 144

 †  Provincial capital   Municipality

1. ^ The globe   icon marks

the town center.

Barangays[edit]
Mountain Province has 144 barangays comprising its 10 municipalities. [20]
As of 2010, the most populous barangay in the province is Poblacion in the municipality
of Paracelis, with a total of 5,687 inhabitants. Balintaugan in the municipality
of Bauko has the least population with only 144.  [20]
Further information: List of barangays in Mountain Province
Demographics[edit]
Further information: Kankanaey people, Bontoc people, Balangao people, Igorot
people, and Ilocano people
The population of Mountain Province in the 2015 census was 154,590 people,  [3] with a
density of 72 inhabitants per square kilometre or 190 inhabitants per square mile.

Population census of Mountain Province

Year Pop. ±% p.a. Year Pop. ±% p.a.
1903 23,441 —     1980 103,052 +1.83%
1918 49,055 +5.05% 1990 116,535 +1.24%
1939 59,138 +0.89% 1995 130,755 +2.18%
1948 62,003 +0.53% 2000 140,439 +1.54%
1960 85,866 +2.75% 2007 148,661 +0.79%
1970 93,112 +0.81% 2010 154,187 +1.34%
1975 94,096 +0.21% 2015 154,590 +0.05%

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [3] [20] [21]

Population by ethnicity (2000)[22]

Ethnicity Number
Kankanaey   72,694 (51.80%)
Balangao / Baliwon   18,886 (13.46%)
Bontoc   17,234 (12.28%)
Ilocano   6,968 (4.97%)
Applai   2,947 (2.10%)
Binontok   2,510 (1.79%)
Kalinga   2,468 (1.76%)

Other local
  16,197 (11.54%)
ethnicity
Other foreign
  22 (0.02%)
ethnicity
Not Reported   413 (0.29%)

Based on the 2000 census survey, Kankana-ey comprised 51.8% (72,694) of the total

provincial population of 140,339. Balangao/Baliwon came in second
at 13.46% (18,886), and Bontoc at 12.28% (17,234). Other ethnicities were
the Ilocano at 4.97% (6,968), Applai at 2.1% (2,947), Binontok at 1.79% (2,510),
and Kalinga at 1.76% (2,468).[22]
Religion[edit]
An Anglican church in Sagada

Anglicanism predominates in the province with approximately 60% adherence with the
other religions such as Roman Catholicism, Seventh-Day Adventist Church, Iglesia
Filipina Indepiendente, Iglesia ni Cristo and Free Believers in Christ Fellowship. [citation needed]
Mountain Province is the only predominantly Protestant province in the Philippines.

Economy[edit]
Poverty Incidence of Mountain Province

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[23][24]

[25][26][27][28][29]

Tourism[edit]
The province has several rice terraces in seven of its different towns:[12]

 Ambasing Rice Terraces — Sagada

 Bangaan Rice Terraces — Sagada
 Bangen Rice Terraces — Bauko
 Barlig Rice Terraces — Barlig
 Bayyo Rice Terraces — Bontoc
 Besao Rice Terraces — Besao
 Bontoc Poblacion Rice Terraces — Bontoc
 Bucas Rice Terraces — Besao
 Bulongan Rice Terraces — Sagada
 Dalican Rice Terraces — Bontoc
 Fidelisan Rice Terraces — Sagada
 Focong Rice Terraces — Sadanga
 Kapayawan Rice Terraces — Bauko
 Kiltepan Rice Terraces — Sagada
 Maligcong Rice Terraces — Bontoc
 Natonin Rice Terraces — Natonin
 Sadanga Rice Terraces — Sadanga
 Suyo Rice Terraces — Sagada
  Tanulong Rice Terraces — Sagada
The mountainous province also offers excellent mountain climbing experiences with two of its mountains
among the top 10 highest points in the Philippines:

 Mount Kalawitan, 2,714+msl - Sabangan

 Mount Amuyao or Mount Finaroy, 2,702+msl - Barlig

Sagada rice terraces

 

Rice terraces in Barlig

Government[edit]
List of former governors[edit]

 2001–2004 — Sario M. Malinias

 2004–2010 — Maximo B. Dalog
 2010–2016 — Leonard G. Mayaen
 2016–present — Bonifacio C. Lacwasan Jr.

References[edit]
1. ^ "List of Provinces".  PSGC Interactive. Makati City,
Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board.
Retrieved 23 December 2013.
2. ^ "POPULATION PROJECTIONS BY REGION, PROVINCE,
CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES, 2020-
2025". www.doh.gov.ph. Department of Health. August 27,
2020. Retrieved  October 16,  2020.
3. ^         Census of Population (2015). Highlights of the
a b c d

Philippine Population 2015 Census of Population.  PSA.

Retrieved 20 June  2016.
4. ^ a b c Worcester, Dean C.; Philippine
Commission (1908).  Seventh Annual Report of the Secretary
of the Interior to the Philippine Commission for the Fiscal
Year Ended June 30, 1908  (Digitized by Google on 23 Nov
2005 (Original file from the  University of Michigan)). Manila: U.S.
Government Printing Office. pp.  17–19. Retrieved  2
January  2015. (Google Books link)
5. ^ Keesing, Felix Maxwell; Keesing, Marie Margaret; Keesing,
Marie Martin; Institute of Pacific Relations (contributor);
International Research Committee (contributor)
(1934).  Taming Philippine Headhunters: A Study of
Government and of Cultural Change in Northern Luzon.
Stanford University Press. p.  69. ISBN 9780804721103.
Retrieved 2 January2015.
6. ^ a b c d e f Ingles, Raul Rafael (2008). 1908 :The Way it Really
was  : Historical Journal for the UP Centennial, 1908-2008 .
Diliman, Quezon City: University of the Philippines  Press.
p. 339.  ISBN  9789715425803. Retrieved  22 October 2014.
7. ^ a b c d e f Lancion, Jr., Conrado M.; de
Guzman, Rey  (cartography) (1995). "The Provinces". Fast
Facts about Philippine Provinces  (The 2000 Millenium  ed.).
Makati, Metro Manila: Tahanan Books. pp.  108–
109.  ISBN  971-630-037-9. Retrieved 16 January2015.
8. ^ "Natural Attractions found in Atok". Province of Benguet.
Retrieved 13 August  2013.
9. ^ a b "Republic Act No. 4695: An Act Creating the Provinces of
Benguet, Mountain Province, Ifugao and Kalinga-
Apayao". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved  22
October2014.
10. ^ a b c "Mt. Province".  VisitMyPhilippines.com The Ultimate
Travel Guide for Tourists. Department of Tourism.
Retrieved 23 December 2013.
11. ^ "Area of Coverage: The Region". https://ati.da.gov.ph/ati-
car/content/area-coverage. ati.da.gov.ph. External link in |
website= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help); |
access-date= requires |url= (help)
12. ^           "Facts & Figures: Mountain Province". Philippine
a b c d e

Statistics Authority - National Statistical Coordination Board

- Cordillera Administrative Region. Archived from  the
original on 1 September 2016. Retrieved 22 October  2014.
13. ^ a b c "Benguet History".  Province of Benguet (official
website). Archived from the original  on 19 October 2014.
Retrieved 22 October  2014. Benguet was once part of
Mountain Province.
14. ^ "Act No. 1876". PhilippineLaw.info. 18 August 1908.
Archived from  the original on 15 October 2014. Retrieved 22
October  2014.
15. ^ Philippines. Census Office; Buencamino, Felipe; Villamor,
Ignacio (1920).  Census of the Philippine Islands Taken Under
the Direction of the Philippine Legislature in the Year 1918,
Volume 1. Bureau of printing. p. 68.
16. ^           "Cordillera Administrative Region History". Cordillera
a b c d e

Connection (Blogspot). 14 August 2009. Retrieved 22

October  2014.
17. ^ "Regional Profile: Cordillera Administrative Region
(CAR)".  CountrySTAT Philippines. Archived from the
original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 22 October  2014.
18. ^ "The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Department
of Agriculture. Retrieved  22 October 2014.
19. ^ a b c "Province: Mountain Province". PSGC Interactive.
Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority.
Retrieved 8 January 2016.
20. ^ a b c d Census of Population and Housing (2010). Population
and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its
Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized
Cities  (PDF). NSO. Retrieved 29 June  2016.
21. ^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Cordillera
Administrative Region (CAR)". Total Population by Province,
City, Municipality and Barangay.  NSO. Retrieved  29
June2016.
22. ^ a b "Mountain Province – Home of the Kankanais; Table 4.
Household Population by Ethnicity and Sex: Mountain
Province, 2000".  Philippine Statistics Authority. 6 February
2002. Archived from the original  on 15 June 2002.
Retrieved 27 July  2016.
23. ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority.
Retrieved 28 December 2020.
24. ^ https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/NSCB_LocalPovertyPhil
ippines_0.pdf; publication date: 29 November 2005; publisher:
Philippine Statistics Authority.
25. ^ https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2009%20Poverty
%20Statistics.pdf; publication date: 8 February 2011;
publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
26. ^https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table
%202.%20%20Annual%20Per%20Capita%20Poverty
%20Threshold%2C%20Poverty%20Incidence%20and
%20Magnitude%20of%20Poor%20Population%2C%20by
%20Region%20and%20Province%20%20-%202006%2C
%202009%2C%202012%20and%202015.xlsx; publication
date: 27 August 2016; publisher: Philippine Statistics
Authority.
27. ^https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table
%202.%20%20Annual%20Per%20Capita%20Poverty
%20Threshold%2C%20Poverty%20Incidence%20and
%20Magnitude%20of%20Poor%20Population%2C%20by
%20Region%20and%20Province%20%20-%202006%2C
%202009%2C%202012%20and%202015.xlsx; publication
date: 27 August 2016; publisher: Philippine Statistics
Authority.
28. ^https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table
%202.%20%20Annual%20Per%20Capita%20Poverty
%20Threshold%2C%20Poverty%20Incidence%20and
%20Magnitude%20of%20Poor%20Population%2C%20by
%20Region%20and%20Province%20%20-%202006%2C
%202009%2C%202012%20and%202015.xlsx; publication
 date: 27 August 2016; publisher: Philippine Statistics
Authority.
29. ^https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table
%202.%20%20Updated%20Annual%20Per%20Capita
%20Poverty%20Threshold%2C%20Poverty%20Incidence
%20and%20Magnitude%20of%20Poor%20Population
%20with%20Measures%20of%20Precision%2C%20by
%20Region%20and%20Province_2015%20and
%202018.xlsx; publication date: 4 June 2020; publisher:
Philippine Statistics Authority.

External links[edit]
Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap 

Download coordinates as: KML

  Media related to Mountain Province at Wikimedia

Commons
  Geographic data related to Mountain
Province at OpenStreetMap
Places adjacent to Mountain Province
Abra Kalinga

Ilocos Sur Mountain Province Isabela

Benguet Ifugao

 Mountain Province

Bontoc (capital)

Barlig

Bauko

Besao

Bontoc

Natonin

Paracelis

Sabangan

Sadanga
 Sagada

Tadian

t of barangays in Mountain Province

Articles related to Mountain Province

LCCN: n82235871

VIAF: 157136817

WorldCat Identities: lccn-n82235871
Categories: 
 Mountain Province
 Provinces of the Philippines
 States and territories established in 1908
 1908 establishments in the Philippines
Navigation menu
 Not logged in
 Talk
 Contributions
 Create account
 Log in
 Article
 Talk
 Read
 Edit
 View history
Search
Search Go

 Main page
 Contents
 Current events
 Random article
 About Wikipedia
 Contact us
 Donate
Contribute
 Help
 Learn to edit
 Community portal
 Recent changes
 Upload file
Tools
  What links here
 Related changes
 Special pages
 Permanent link
 Page information
 Cite this page
 Wikidata item
Print/export
 Download as PDF
 Printable version
In other projects
 Wikimedia Commons
 Wikivoyage
Languages
 Acèh
 ‫العربية‬
 ‫تۆرکجه‬
 Bân-lâm-gú
 Bikol Central
 Cebuano
 Chavacano de Zamboanga
 Deutsch
 Español
 ‫فارسی‬
 Français
 한국어
 हिन्दी
 Ilokano
 Bahasa Indonesia
 Italiano
 Kapampangan
 Македонски
 Bahasa Melayu
 Nederlands
 日本語
 Norsk bokmål
 Pangasinan
 Polski
 Русский
 Suomi
 Svenska
 Tagalog
 ไทย
 Türkçe
 Українська
 ‫اردو‬
 Vèneto
  Tiếng Việt
 Winaray
 中文
Edit links
 This page was last edited on 11 March 2021, at 07:55 (UTC).
 Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using
this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
 Privacy policy

 About Wikipedia

 Disclaimers

 Contact Wikipedia

 Mobile view

 Developers

 Statistics

 Cookie statement