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Earthworks

Engineering surveying

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Joshua Steven Abangco
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20K views

Earthworks

Engineering surveying

Uploaded by

Joshua Steven Abangco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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| |= the pr prismoidal correction formula for a nd areas using the prismoidal eb [bam 2bahn, bate] y 5h? 2 2 =bitbe veo [Puts tba but, bee] pat ba tai a ae) c= 3k2 4 Fancine asigg vet hy bes J V2 bs thy ha) balby-ha) tbr bal ha) (prismoidal correction to be subtracted algebraically from the volume by end area method.) Derive the Prismoidal Formula for determining volumes of regular solid Va ey Aly Ai) Solution: vegtad-ha) A Veg 2 Pat) (he + bah, +h) ih We snehe tion ve Bt Aah, Arh 3h?’ 3h, * 3 aes Ale At 3A; eclan, +A) i on meh Aa, 2 Ay WF 4Aq= saheeana om A ear MF 2h 4g = Ay +Ag + 24, 82 Ay 4 Ag = Ay + Ay +2 VASA 2V Ay AQ=4 Ay Ay Ay Vannaheg A & V=3 (A+ 29-8 As Ae FtA) Lea, +4 Aya + 24] vel, +4. Ay, + Ap) Prismoidal Formula (1) End area y= Atade 2 (2) Prismoidat Formula h*5 Lined aga) An = area of mid-section (3) Volume with Prismoidal Corection: (Applicable only to three level section) Dr V=Ve-Vep Ve = volume by end area Veg = prismoidal correction Veg =7p(C1-C2)Oy-D2 Te cnss section nates ofthe groind surface atsta.1# 200 of a road survey, shows that the issloping ata 10% grade downward to ‘herght. The elevation of the ground along the ‘enter line of the proposed road at this station {is 90 m. and that of the finished subgrade is ‘82m, Width of subgrade is 7.00 m. with side sipesf 15:4. © Compute the distarice of the right slope ste fom the center ofthe road. © Compute the distance of the left slope ‘take from the center of the road. © Compute the difference in elevation of the ‘ght slope stake and the left slope stake. Solution: 9 Distance of right slope stake from center of bere 10 he? pe Bag gro +205 s0%5 O55, 235 " he27% Distance Dang SOP sae = 3541.5h, ann gp Pe Stoke = 3.5 + 152.76) "OM slope stake = 7.64 m, S-407 ® Distance of left siope st Faia, ape stake from center of Geen f0e 15h, +35 "100 2-h, =0.15 hy + 0.35 1.15 hy = 1.65 net Distance of left slope stake = 1.5 h, +35 Distance of left slope stake Distance of left slope stake = 6.65 m. ® Diff. in elevation of right and left slope ‘stake: Eley of right slope stake Elev. of right slope stake = 149.24 m. Given the cross section notes of an earthwork between station 10 + 100 to 10 + 200. Assume both slations to have the same side slope and width of the base. STA. 10 + 100 Center Right ls AS. 15 +40 $TA.10+200 60. a $3. 20 x #26 © Compute the side slope of both sections, @ Compute the value of x at station 10 + 200 ifit has a cross sectional area of 14.64 m?, ® Compute the volume between. stations 40 + 100 and 10 + 200 using end area method with prismoidal correction, SS S-408 EEE EEE EES Ses p eae EEn GEG ncenGhesee Ee eenc cen essa By2as=64s 8 al yt tos=45 13$=1.95 $215 B 7+ 10(1.8)=45 B=6m. ® Value of x: Pee 7), 8 8900 , 126) Army tat 2° 2 A= 14.64 xe42 @ Volume between sta. 10 + 100. and 40+ 200: y= 250) 15888), 4509) 0) Ay = 13.1625 m? Ag= 14.64 me (A+ AdL ve = AS V_= (13:1625 + 1469) (1 eS 2 Ve = 1390.125 m? Prismoidal correction: L Vp 93 (Ci-C)(0,-D) 400 = 4 [(10.95- 12.9) (1.5- 1.2) SS eV, Vio = 1390-425--(-4875) Vey = 1395 m9 Problem 423 | From the given cross section ofan earthworks between A (20 + 200) and B (20 + 220) ‘assuming both have same slope and width of base. STA A ss AB 424 420 12 STAB 63 Oe 42.2 2 4280 ® Compute the width of the base. ® Compute the value of cut af station B iti thas an area of 16.82 m*. ® Compute the volume between A and B with Prismoidal Correction. Solution: © Width of base: a 8 63722842 8 1222889 09-088 g215 63-2215) +2 Be6m. 8 «9 Value of cut at station +728, 28) r682 22 67517932 x= 1430m. Volume using Prismoidal correction: ‘Ay= 16.80 m? (Ay + Ap) L vers (16.80 + 16.8220) 2 Ve= 33620 y= (G0) 01-0) V2 Se-138yt140- 135) Vpe. Ve Ve, v= 336.28. (2.17) V= 336.37 cum. AL station 1+ 100 of a portion of a highway Stretch has an area of 100 sq. meters in cut While that of sation 1 + 200 the area is 240 sq. matsin cu. Al station 1 + 100, the grou ten tothe let ofthe center tne is Hat and helght of the right slope stake above the Ofat® 8 one half tha ofthe fe, whe that sist" + 200, tha height of the tight slope Shope gage? tigher than that of the tet The width The canter cut at station 1 + 200. Sop 8 Foadway is 10 m with a side a S-409 © Determine the height of cut at the center of sta. 1+ 100. ® Determine the height of the right slope stake af sta. 1 + 200... Determine the volume between sla: 1+ 100 and 1 + 200 by applying prismoida! correction. Solution: ® Height of cut at the center of sta. 1 + 100: ® Station 1 + 100 A= 100 sqm. Sh n(5+ 2h), h(S+H va 2 2 2 2 5h +5h+ 2h? + Sh +h? + 2.5h=200 3h? + 17.5h - 200 = 0 part VON SP 494-200) 2(3) 5- V2706 6 _-175 +522 6 h A h=5.78m. ® Height of the right slope stake at sta 1+ 200: Station 1 + 200 S-410 sy, paisa 200662, 5240 5x + 14.45 + §,78x + 14.45 + 17.34x + 15x = 480 43.12 = 451.1 x= 10.44, 3x= 91.32 m. ® Volume between sta. 1 + 100 and 1 + 200: Volume by end area: (Ata) L i \ (100 + 240) (100) cE 2 Ve = 17,000 cum. L G= 7p (Cr Co (01-03 100 y= yy (678- 2.8927.24 93.52) 100 C= 49 (2.89) (- 66 18) C,=-1594 um. Corrected volume: V=Ve- Vp V= 17,000 -(. 1594) V= 18,594 cum. Problem 42. | In a certain portion of road fo be constryseg the following data were taken, 1+040 aE 4B Om 1+100 te aoe x 1.098 405 OD Base for cut= 9m Sideslopes Base for fill = 8 m ‘Sidesiopes 1 5A ® Compute the area of station 1 +040. @ Find the area of station 1 + 100. ® Determine the dif. in volume of cut and using end area method. Solution: © Area of station 1 + 040: a= (4) 184 +5 (122) 67 500 22) 463+} (4)042 Agi = 11.47 m? ® Area of station 1+ 100: S-411 ce Soluti © Value of x: 098 +306) 548 As?? 4 19085745105 ge 1934 mF | ga vue of cut and fil using end |? jeanebed 3.05 Veg? 413.18 m3 41.47 +1 ae our 14) Vg= 98.3 m3 Ot = 395.54 m? Gi fhe folowing section of an earthworks Proposed road construction on a hilly. frente rote The width of the road base asnom for allowance of drainage canals fata eat Sides slopes for cutis 1:1 and 8 0 x. +18 x=3418 x48 ©, Area of fil: rea oftt= 25.08) Area of l= ® Area of cut: avaoreut= 308) Area of cut= 27 m? | Problem 427: The following is a set of notes of an earthworks of a road construction which is Undertaken by the Bureau af Puble Works. Station ‘Cross section irom 2% 48 129 $0 45. 80 43: 4 WS HO 15. 48 45 90. 0 0 #9 20 0. 4+080 The base of the road way Is 9 m. which ‘conforms with the BPWH standards, Side slope is 1. bs @ Compute the cross sectional area at. sla. 1 +020. @ Compute the cross sectional. area at sta. +040. ® Compute the volume between the two * stations using end area method. Solution: ® Ares section f + 020: 42249 22S laa 2 Q+ 1.54.5) | 15(1.5) +2 iA +! 2 2 2 Ay= 31.50 m? @ Area of secuon 1 + 040: Soe > 2 z 2 A= 45.75 m? Vowume between stations: (Art Ade ve 1.50 + 45.75)(20) y= B150 2 v= 725m? ‘ e In determining the position of the balance fine’ in the profile diagram, a horizontal grade line is drawn such that the length of the cut is 650 ‘m. and that of fill is 1200 m. The profle area between the ground line and the grade line in the cut is 7800 sq.m. while that of fill is 8500 sq.m the road bed is 10 m_wide for cut and '8 meters wide for fil and ifthe side slope for tis 151 while that for filis 21, Assume a level section with an ay of cut and fil foreach stretch. a Me ® Determine the volume of cut. ® Determine the volume of fil @ Ifthe shrinkage factor is 1.2, determine te volume borrow or waste, Solution: Average depth of cut: 7800 C= "850 C=9.18m. ‘Average depth of fil 18 Hl te f 1B.7-4—10— FB Side slope = 1.5:1 Cut 7.54) (9.18) ees $ 18) A= 218.21 sq.m. get pom Solution: roof cl: i iS 218.21 (850) = 105500 cum. 1416+ Side slope = 2:1 Fill feset 7.08) A= 156.89 sq.m. © Volume of il: y= 156.89 (1200) i= 188,000 cu.m, Volume of borrow: VoL cfbarow = 188000 (1.2) - 185500 Vol of borow = 40100 cum. The In ep htol he road at sta. 7 + 1101s Fan sa at sta. 7+ 160 itis 1.2m. cut. ang 7. + 110 to:the ‘other station the makes a uniform slope of 4.8%. © by ° Fad he ef SP ofthe new road, Tepe meters from station © Conia ti the fil is extended Fett ene sutod fe point here © Slope of the new road: Sopa = 24 = 0.016 @ Distance in which the fil is extended: 2+ 0.016(50-x) extended: From station A with center height-of 14 m. in fil the ground makes a uniform slope of 5% to station B whose center height is 2.8.m. in cut, ‘Assuming both sections to be level: sections having a width of roadway of 14 m. and side slope of 2:1 for both cut and fil, compute the cross-sectional area of cut 48 m. from sta. A. Distance from sta. Ato sta. B is 60 m. Solution: [6x00 3 ‘Slope of roadway = - 2% (downward) 24 : d 28 ® Area at each station: d= 196 ‘Slopes of 2: for Station 0 +100 © Find te “grade of the fished wad surface, , : a= 1480. +9 (1.40) ® Find the area a éach station, 5) A= 16.52 sq.m. (fil) ® By end areg ‘method, find the int Of ata nae A= M04 18.40) (2.8) ® wana” D988 No ats, iit tono _ 2 waste? A= 39.76 sq.m. (cul) oata? Bs 8.00 man for cut .00 m. ee sgrTH WORKS poe aaa ae EEE 3 Voumes of cut and fill: 140-002 x= 0.05 x 007 x= 1.40 2 60-x= 40 L Vol ot = (Ay + As) Vol, omn= 216 52+0) Vol. of fil= 165.20 cum. L VoLoteut= (A, + Aa) 40 VOl of cu = (39.76 + 0) Vol ofcut= 795,20 cum, 6 Bit? te volume of cutis excessive than thoy nol is then necassary fo by be excess volume of cut as waste amount equal to Ts 9620-16520 = 63.00 cum. | 429-A. Problem: The cross-sectional area of station 2 + 210 is 40 m? in fill and al station 2 + 810 is 60 m? in cut. The free haul distance is 100 m. The balancing point is at station 2 + 510. The (ground surface Is sloping upward from station 2 + 240 to station 2 + 510 and also uniformly upward from station 2 + 510 to station 2 + 810. Determine the stationing (along fil) of the limits of free haul. Solution: in beeeey 100-x 300 1 = =(100- b 3! x) 5(2) 15 42. ¥ = 400-x) 15, 10 2X. 00-x | 3 0.8165x = 100- x x= 55.05 Stationing of limits of free haul along the fil = (2+ 510) - $5.05 = 2+ 454.95 5-414 EARTHWORKS 7 ¥ 7 @® Area of section 0+ The following data are the cross section notes alt station 0 + 020 and 0 + 040. The natural {ground slope is almost even. Base width side slope Cut= 9m, Cut= 1:1 Fill= 8 m. Fill= =f ‘Station 0 + 020 HS 0 ho BO 4: 1° ‘Station 0 + 040 2 20 10 ? 4 0 0 a A=128 m? (fil) © Compute the area of section 0 +020. ® Volume of borrow or waste: © Compute the area of section 0 + 040. ® Compute the volume of borrow or waste from station 0 + 020 and 0 + 040 assuming shrinkage factor of 1.20. Solution: ® Area of section 0 + 020. (Ay + Ap) L Vol ofcut= At ; al ot Vou ofeut= CO25sOU2, Vol. of cut= 121.5 m? 01 (Ay + Ay) L( orn: At AVE -! : Vol. u 45h=1.5h+ 135 _ (128+ 06) pat Vol. of fill: 2 Az 45.9) Vol. of fil= 61.44 m? =n A=2025m? (cul) eo = oS Se inakes a uniform slope of 5.2% Te FETA B + 890 1 Station B. At tn t,t center eg ofthe roaday 443 mf. At the other station, the center is 757 m cut. if the finish road has @ clr grade of — 2.6%, wnat is the stationing 8? 0621 = 7.57 + 4.13 -0.026L) OO = 7.57 + 4.13 L460 fomia: t= Hon * Ha yard ” Sona te A18+757_ 0062-0026) L450 88.018 =8 +90 + 150= 94 040 See eee pS it of rapt scons 65 ae 36 sqm and 72 sq.m. weet y-Base-width is 10 m., side slope of ; Using prisoidal correction formal, find he feo satan of cut in cu.m. between ‘S-415 Dy=1171 1043C, Vol.of end area: +72 v-(52)e Vv, =3510m? AS (ee) (C,)=38 (20+3C))C, *71 3C? +20C, -71=0 C2 +667C,~24=0 c,=2591 10 +3C, +10 cee (2472) = (20+3C,)C, ac? +200, -144=0 *C} +6676, -48=0 ©, =4.35 |e S-416 EARTHWORKS ds Prismoidal Correction L Ye ® $ ,-€,N0,-0,) & ((2.591 - 4.35)(17.77 - 23.05)] "2 V,. = 50.307 V=V,-Vi. V = 3510-50307 V = 3459.69 m7’ Given the following cross-section notes for a road grading work: A212 442,28 x, 0 35 x, ‘The road bed is.9 m wide and the side slope for cut is 1:1 and for fil is 1.5:1. Determine the area of cut of the section, Solution: 22273 m Aq, = 5(254)(1.2) +35(12) 1.2+28 1 i 78) 3 (28K28) Ay = 9.404 mt i 2 SE The cross-sectional area of a road with width of 10 m is 42.9 square meters. The cross: sectional area is as follows: s8 0 4 2A ena a Determine the value of x. Solution: AZA+AtAStA, 42.9 = YA5)(2.4)+ 1(0)(.8)* HOON?) x= 43.94 sa 193m a 93 vot 12 12432 ‘A particular station has the following a=254m cross-section. . 93-a=676m 90°. 48 yg AB GG Ae (196932) Ag =3.136 m? y +40 rr A the width of the road base is 9 Hy Side slopes are 1V:1.5H, the qué! equal to: S-417 9 10 afd 12454826 Fad the area of the given cross-section if the wah of roadway is 12 m. A= 146)3.2)+ 142.8)(9.8) + 14(2.8)(11.2) 7 Msieage M9 eC EEE PEP EE EE EEE eer — j Problem 432-E: { The \ asigutita data of a oad survey is recorded j Jes By ein Se a8 {ena 0 135 Side: Toadway = 20 m. Slope for cut = 4:4 Side slope for fl ="1: Assume ground surface transverse to the center of the road fo have a uniform slope. Compute the eccentciy of the area offi from the centertine of the road. Solution: jas x=4 e=7+ 4(7)=9.33m. The Engineering Battalion of the Phil. Army constucted a toad of the vicinity of Maguindanao. The width of the road at the formation level is 20 m, with side slopes of 1:1 for cut and 1:2 for fil. The original ground transverse to the center of the road has a slope of 15. Ifthe depth of excavation atthe center of the section is 0.80 m, compute the eccentricity of the centroid of the area in cut measured from the centerine of the road. Solution: S-418 — AD= $(14)=7 0D=7-4= e=3+ 4(105) € = 6.5 m.from the center Problem #33: A highway fill at stations 5 + 040 has a uniform ground slope. It has a side slope of 2: 1 and width of roadway is 12 m. Find the area of sta 5+ 040. STA. 5 +040 Mea eS 2 @ e 0 % Solution: STAS +040 Sef y 2h, + 12+ 18 54-6, = 2h, +30 8h, = 24 h=3m. The location survey of the proposed rid passes through a rough terrain, and cass @ small valley between two points along te centerline of the proposed road. One ol be ° points is at station 40 + 536,00 and a elevation (150.42 m.), the other point is station 40 + 584.00 and at elevaton (149.82 m.). The lowest point a the bottom the valley is 23 m. from the highest point ard has an elevation of its bottom equal ® 140.64 m. The road passes through Hs three points. All sections on this prop roadway are three level secions hava & width of roadway equal fo 12 m. wih 3 Slope of 1.5 : 1. Assume shrinkage fae" be 1.30. © Compute the ross sectoral 3@# # slation 40 + 559, ® Compute the volume of fil nected Sa from the highest point of road to the’ point ofthe valley. © Compute the volume of fil neaded station 40 + 559 to 40 + 584. i : ASAT ERS SE latin, 7023 #5 180.42-0.29- 140.64 1949, fimg= (12+ 40.47) (9.49) 2 ‘Mea = 248,97 m? es ‘lume offi from 40 + 596 to 40 + 559: v=(0+248.97) (23) (130) z V=3722.10 m? BV lume of fom (40 + $59 fo 40 + 584): vs (+ 248.97) (25) (43 V5 4045.76 my) S-419 Given the following ross Section notes of an earthwork on a roling terrain, > STA 5 + 000 #0 8 pe a 0 35 STA5 +020 of a aS a 0 725 ‘The width of the toad Is 12 m. and the side slope is 2.5: 1. © Compute the volume using Prismoidal formula. © Compute the volume using End area with Prismoidal : ® Compute the volume using ‘End area with curvature correction if the road is on ab’ curve which tuins to the ight with the given cross, sections. Solution: © Volume using Prismoidal Formuta: fo S-420 EARTHWORKS: Use average values of dimensions of Ay and Az A, (mid-section) Ay = 150.25 m? = (14) , 741) , 711725) , 6(4.5) ee ee Ag = 259.375 m? = 1206), 636), 615375) 3.756) ty eee Ary = 201.375 m2 Vol = & (Ai +4An + As) Va. = 15025 + 4(201.375) + 259.375) Vol. = 4050.42 cum. ® Volume by End area with Prismoidal Correction: Vol = Ve~ Vp vee ths L 150.25 + 259.375) (20 Ve= ? Ve = 4096.25 m? L Vp= 79 (Cr) (0-02) Yp= jpll5-1) (445-8825) Vp=45.83 m? Vol. = Ve-f Vol, = 4986.25 - 45.83 Vol. 4050.42 m? - 7 y Nolure with curvature conection: ad 5 (4 45,-A1- PDS 28) As, @1 = 14.83 (positive the excess areais away from the center of cune) , 717.25) , 6 (4.5) Asp = hy [228,865] As, = 259.375 - 147.75 sy = 111.625 m? @=F 825 3 & = 19.42 (positive) Vol. = Ve + Ve L Ye pgs @y + Aspen) 1145916 Fam) ioaaeg R= 190.99 2B aaso9e: V, = 163.78 m> (A+ An) L ves > 2 150.25 = 259,375) (20 Ve= 2 e+ Ve Vol, = 4096.25 + 163.78 ad ( oreo ns S-420-A pees fame foloving rosssecton noes for a gad work eee ad 35 ap ‘The road bed is 9 m. wide and the side slope forcatis 1:1 and for fil is 1.5 : 1. Determine thearea of cut of the section. Solution: ‘Area of cut: A : 25a +1989 + (2228, 45.2 Z ‘A= 9.404 mt? Pixie The areas in cut of two imegular sections 65 m. apart are 36 sqm. and 72 sqm respectively. Base width is 10 m., side slope of 3H: 2V. Using prisoidal correction formal, find the corrected volume of cut in cu.m. between the two stations. Solution: Vol.of end area: ve (22) fe 2 V, = 3510 m? a (2% 2) cea (20#2¢,)c, =71 3C7 +20€, -71=0 Ci +6670, -24=0 C, =2591 10+3C, +10 : (22h, (2X72) =(20+30,)C, 3C; +200, - 144=0 Ci +6670, -48=0 C, =435 L Ye? Cr-CrNO,-0) 5 Vpe® $5 H2581 4 3941777-2305) V = 3610-50307 \V = 3459.69 m? “A haa fil stretches between stations Aino and 5+ 140 wih a uniform grand doe thas a side slope of 1 and widh of roy 8 12M. Area Siaions 92,5+ 40 126 m= ga 5e140 << 20675 m? cane bo orate corecton between the two siaons ifthe road is on a 5degree curve vfich tums fo the right ofthe cross sections in oun. e175. [20 $12) 242 2 2 Je S421 64> 3(01) 4 61= 3 (36) @; == 12 (neg. towards the canter of curve) As) = 206.75- ‘As_ = 74.15 m? 1 73 D2 1 e #3 (45) e=- 15 {eg towards the conter of curve) 1145916 Rep p= 48216 «20, Ve2 Halts 01 AS260) vee sem (4aye 12) +74.75(- 15) Vq=-370.58 m? Area= Ait Aat Ast Aa BBA = 45/24) + YAX\S + 4.8) + AlXKS +24) +4(5)(1.2) x= + 3.186 m. oad 96 ‘bses “012m and“ aide ae es econ tele eerie y proposed grade is $5.03 m. and the Hil Solution: © Rod reading for t Re srag aa Bade alan 5+ 109 R=-0.68m, (fi) ® Rod reading = 0.78 m. Elevation of ground = $5.03 - 074 Elevation of ground = 53.57 m ‘Amount ffl = $6.03 ~53.57 «144 @ True distance from the center hu= 1.35 + 0.68 = 203m Di=6 + 5h D.=6 +5(2.03) D,= 7.105 m. which is loss than 10.05 Therefore, the point should be mond towards the centor ofthe roadway. Eldvation at a point 10.05 m. away fon the, center of the roadway, having 2 ste slope of %:1 is equal fo: Elevation = 55.03 - 8.10 = 48.93 m. But the elevation of point B = $4.35 - 1.35 = 3.00 m. Therefore, the amount of cu at is pt = 53,00 — 46.93 = 6.07 m. | petmpasrarad From the given Grogs section Off POP \ STA. 1 +020 8 “sae : STA1 +040 60, & Sr HZ 28 Th & 2 3 3 E 3 . ; 5 ‘STA1 +020 8 2*238=6.45, a 2* S45 138=1.95 8 S15 2*15=45 8:6 42238) 1: La AES) 15445) 30) 118.1605 m2 2a a2 STA1 + 049 ‘Note; Use average dimensions of sta. 1+020 and 4+ 040 20) , 135(6225), 135152) (18) Aa mic gma ara ost An = 13974 m? Vol = (As +4Am + A) Vol = 2 13.1625) +4(13.974) + 14.64 Vol = 279 m? ® Volume by end area with Prismoidal correction: (Ay + Ap) L - fe= 2 (131825 + 14.64) (20) Ca 2 Ve= 278.025 rm? Vp= GplCr- C9 (O-D) vp SBU(1S- 12) (1095- 1290) Vp=-0.975m? Vep = Ve- Vp vo =270085-(.0975) Vep = 279m? ® Volume by end area with curvature As, = 13.1625 - [oun 28.45) Q As, =3.4125 (1095) 3.65 (neg. towards the center of curve) dors 464 (28h As = 1M 1 = 3 (1290) = 43 (positive away from center of curve) L Ve= 9p UAS + Asp 0) ver a (3.4125(- 3.65) + 1.444 3), V_=-0.313m? V= Vet Ve 78,025 + (-0:313) 77.742 mt? frome sf “The earthworks data of a proposed hightvay is ‘shown on the tabulated data. Length of economical haul = 450 m. Stationing of limits of economical haul = 2 + 498.03 and 2 + 948.03 ‘Stationing of limits of free haut =2+713.12 and 2 + 763.12 Free haul distance is 50 m. Assume the ground surface to be uniformly sloping. © Compute the overhaul volume. ® ‘Compute the volume of waste. ®. Compute the volume of borrow. Solution: © Overhaul volume: 5-425 Overhaul volume = 4819.10 m? & Volume of waste: y Hoses 80s C854 tbo = W254 * 70,018 Vol. ofbarow = 5451.06 m? Sonne Ly 4 x= 26.88 | i 50-x= 23.12 | te Free haul volume =" | ange 02 of @ proposed Manita Cavite Aree See eee The free haut perce, a the cast of borrow is SU an the sooo excavation is P350 per Salen Tye S28 of haut is P21 per meter ‘omy soo Sace ls asume be (41.13 + 4.57) (215.09) 2 Vj 24015 ‘The following data are results of the earthwork computations of areas, free haul distance and limits of economical haul by analytical solution instead of graphical solution (mass Giagrams). The cross sectional area at station 1+ 460 is 40 sq.m. in fil and at station 2 + 060 the cro». sectional area is 60 sq.m. in cut. ‘The bal. cing point is at station 1 + 760 where afea is equal to zefo, Assume the ground surface to be sloping upward uniformly from station 1 + 460 to 1 + 760 and then with slightly steeper slope to 2 + 060. Assume free haul distance = 50 m. and limit of economical « haul= 450m. Stationing of the limits of free haul distance = (1+732.47} and (1 #78247) Stationing the limits of economical haul = (1+512.26) and (1 + 962.26) ® ‘Determine the overhaul volume. ®@ Determine the volume of waste.- @ Determine the volume of borrow. Solution: @ Overhaul volume: hese wm Overhaul volume (4.494 + 40.452 HA 40482 yy = 4040 cum. ® Volume of waste: y 208828 oy 74 V= 4909 ® Volume of borrow: y= Moe $30% (22) (908 cu.m. Here under shows 2 table of quanies ¢ earthworks of a proposed Highway bo Bogo City and Danao City. The lenght free haul distance is specified fo be a H and the limit of economical haul 's Jong, Assume the ground surface © be [guess |G] _ 457590 182.27) Overhaul volume = 5510.99 m? ® Volume of borrow: Yotane of borrow = +86 (41.59) Voune of borrow = 1937.05 m? ® Volume of waste: Ve fase = 24571565 Volume of waste = 6435.84 17? bate he guna surtace along which Her line of the roadway i sloping ata ceriain grade. At sa 6 + 400 the biog ees sea 2088 min fil mate iy slopes upward producing @ SUS tonal area of 28.5 min ct at salon 5+ 859 i545) stationing of the balancing point a ta since = 891m, Coa ft = PO.20 per meter station : borrow = P4 per cu.m. ie 2 conf itt of economical haul eek, the stationing of the limits of © capil distance, "Put the freehaul volume. S-427 ion: Limit of economical haut ten: BE HO s = 420) UBH= 999 +50 LEH= 450m. ‘Stationing of limits of freehauf distance: Vol. afexcavation = Vo. of embankment nx (60-0) igi? 0.143 x(x), 0.08 (50-2) (50-2) 2° 2 0.143 2 =0.08 60-4)? 783 (50 +X) Limits of freehaul distance = (6 +650) + 21.40 25 +6740 +671.40)-50 25 +621.40 Limits ofreehau! distance 254 671.4000 5+ 62140 $-428 Sa RE el ® Freehaul volume: Solution: he © Overhaul volume: Froehaul vol. = over waste +h=0.143 (21.4) hau vo \ FUD=50- n=3.06 Toa a a, Froehaul vo! = 808214) Freehaul vol. = 32.74 m? ES ‘LEH =450—_$_, Overhaul volume = 285 40.1841 Overhaul volume = 3962.25 The gtading works of the: portion of the © Veturné of waste = 0.18 +60 98 Proposed expansion of the North expressway a shows the following notes. Free haul Volume of waste = 4908.82 cum. distance = 60 m. Limit of economical 2 haul 450 m. © Volume oftoow = 88* 40182 Umits of free haul distance is from sta. 1 +272 to 1 + 322. Limits of economical haut is from Sa.1+052 and 1 + 502 The following data represents a single sun STATION EAD AREAS (ea hase dag cla eoeant overage fies i Tolosa Expressway, 4+052 3 ONE: to 3, STATIONS aa Ee a ee 1#502 4048 10 +080 tees 1+600 69 10+ 120 +140 10+ 160 +110 Ascurethe ground surtace to be sloping ~ eae te fom one end tote other end. ora = 0 +280 Detemine the overhaul ume, 404320 2 ® Cote he vokme of boron, 10+360 es Determine he volime of waste, wee 4 + 10 +480 “4 10+520 0 10+560 wo 10+ 600 petal eM 0m © Velma o wat: Link x . 1 of waste = 350 - 200 vest oi iit of fe Da Vol. of waste = 150 m? sss era ctl ik ® Overhaul volume: conemical haul == #350) «9 cong te vlume of wast nt... a eee amp the vale of overhaul in cum. Ve OPO a +520 {9 Compute te voluie of borrow in cu, Volume of =870m? Solon: STATION VOLUME Mass Ordinates #200 +200 Ca van 1k single summit mass siagram fom station | Ue ft (0+ 100 to 0 + 800 ofa proposed extension of i Santander Highway. Has the following as em technical data 4 data a Hae Has arate of el tof eon ‘020 distance = +600 | - Free haul distance = 501m. mt 780 Litt naa = 450 ‘0+380° 90 0 Cost of berrow = POO per cum. 10+400 -80 +610 ‘Mass ordinate of station 0 + 100 =- 80 me? nae -200 +410 ‘Mass ordinate of station 0 + 800 = mm : fo 4H0 am © Compute the overhaul vokime it cam. i045) “agp aa @ Compute the lengh of overhaul in meters ig cn the total cost of hauling is P105,750.00 & Compute the toa cost of barow. Solution: © Overhaul volume: Borrow: Overhaul volume = 400 m? ® Length of overhaul teH= 22 Fp , 459-9 Ch=P25 per cum. meter station Total cost of haul = P105750,00 105750 = esac L=211.50m. ® Total cost of borrow: Vol. of borrow = 200 + 130 Vol. of borrow = 330 m? Cost of borrow = 330 (500) Cost of borrow = P165,000 ee The cost of bortow:per cum. is P500 and thie Cost of haul per meter station is P25. Cost of excavation is approximately P650 per cu.m The free haul distance is 50 m. long and the length of overhaul is equal 201.40 m. if the ‘mass ordinate of the initial point of the free haul distance is +800 m? and the mass ordinates of the summit mass diagram from 10 + 000 to 10 + 600 are - 60 m? and - 140 m3 respectively, © Compute the length of economical haul ® Compute the mass ordinate ofthe initial point of the limit of economical haut I the {otal cost of hauling is P171190, ® Compute the total cost of waste, Solution: ® Limit of economical haui: LEH= Ch +FHO Le1= "P20 , 59 LEH = 450 m. economic Cost of haul: a7 199 =25.201.40) Yel tote Vol. of overhaul = 680 m3 ® Mass ordinate of initay ical hau Mass oaginate of inital point of limit of economical haul = 800-680 = 120m ont OF ting duerhaut volume ® Cost of waste: Cost = 650 (120 + 60) Cost = P117,000 etn ae data ona simple summit ss diagram. MASS ORDINATE (rt) -80 =130 nfl point of imi of freehaul distance = +600 Intallimit of economic haul = +200 Frehaul distance = 60 m. Unitof economical distance = 400 m. Costofhaul = P120 per cu.m per meter station. © Determine the volume of waste in m®. Deterine the volume of borrow in m?. {Determine the overhaul volume in cu.m. { Detemine the length of overhaul ifthe {fl cost of hauling is P192,000. Solution: © Volume of waste Ven oa iste = 200 + 80. Volume of waste = 280m? ® Ms oro Vole {b0TOW = 200+ 130 Onn 80m Opal lame Overt volume = G00 — 200 Yohume = 409 m? Ren S-430-A @ Length of overhaul: 192,000 = x= 80m. 120400) x 0 a Using the following notes on cuts and fils and a shrinkage factor of 1.25. © Find the mass ordinate at station 20 + 040. ® Find the mass ordinate at station 20 + 120. @ Find the mass ordinate at station 20 + 180. STATIONS VOLUMES, ‘CUT(m?) Ih FiLL(m?) 20+ 000 60 20+ 020 70 20+ 040 30 20+ 060, 710 20+ 080 50 20+ 100 50 20+ 120 40 20+ 140 60 20+ 160 20 20+ 180 30 Solution: © Mass ordinate at station 20 + 040: STATIONS VOLUMES ae TOT] CORRECTED FIL (o>) (nm) 20+ 000, 125(60) = -75 | 20+ 000 20 + 020 1.25(70)=- 87.5 | 20% 020 20 + 040 1.25(30) == 37.5 _| 20+ 040 20 + 060 410 +110 | 20 + 060 20 + 080 50. +80 | 20+080 20 + 100 50. +50 | 20+ 100 20 + 120 1.25(40) = - 50 20+ 120 20 + 140 4.25(60) = - 75, 20+ 140 20+160_| 20 +20 [207 160 20 + 180 30 +30 [ 20+ 180 Mass ordinate at station 20 + 040 = - 200 $-430-B EARTHWORKS pS nn a a @ Mass ordinate at station 20+120=-10 @ Mass ordinate at station 20 + 180: =-35 _ The grading works of a proposed National Road shows the following data of an earthworks: Free haul distance = 50 m. Cost of borrow = PS per cu.m. Cost of haul ~ P0.25 per meter station Stationing of one limit of Free Haul = 2+ 763.12 ‘Stationing of one limit of Economical Haul =2+ 948.03 Assume the ground surface has a uniform slope from cut to fil. STATION ‘AREA CUT (rm) FILL (m2) 2+ 440 Sim? 2+ 740 0 Balancing Point 52040 69m? ® Compute the length of economical haut. ®@ Compute the overhaul volume. @ Compute the volume of borrow. ® Compute the volume of waste, Solution: ® Limit of economical haul: ©,20 Len = %0 Jen Cy ® Overhaul volume: oa 241.97 300 hy =41.13 hy _ 51 26.88 300 hy =457 (hs Pe) 945.09) Overhaul volume = (41.13 +457} Overhaul volume = (Aas Overhaul volume = 4915 m? ‘Check +hy) Vol, = 2." (184.91) | 2 vo, = OS = 85) (494.91) Vol. = 4915 m? ® Volume of borrow’ 9 Vol. of borrow = (88a m Vol of borow = 5378.95” “® Volume of waste: Vol of waste = creas sm") 3 Vol. of waste = 2673.15 5-430-B EARTHWORKS @ Mass ordinate at station 20 + 120-10 @ Mass ordinate at station 20 + 180:= - 35 eee The grading works of a proposed National Road shows the following data of an earthworks: Free haul distance = 50 m. Cost of borrow = PS per cu.m. Cost of haul ~ P0.25 per meter station ‘Stationing of one limit of Free Haul =2+ 763.12 ‘Stationing of one limit of Economical Haul =2+ 948.03 Assume the ground surface has a uniform slope from cut fo fil STATION | AREA CUT (nm) | FILL (m?) 24440 Stim? 2+740 0 Balancing Point 3+ 040 69m? ® Compute the length of economical haul. ® Compute the overhaul volume. ® Compute the volume of borrow. ® Compute the volume of waste. Solution: ® Limit of economical haul: C,20 LeH= 7 cp G, ten = $20) 025 * LEH= 450m “® Volume of waste: @® Overhaul volume: Os Peet | ‘Overhaul volume = overhaul voune= Msi | Overhaul volume = 4945 m? Check vo teth (184.91) Vo, = $0324 47.85),

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