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Magnetic Effect of Electric Current

The document discusses magnetic effects of electric current. It explains that a current-carrying conductor experiences a force when placed in a magnetic field, with the direction of the force determined by Fleming's left-hand rule. An electric motor converts electrical energy to mechanical energy using a current-carrying coil and magnet, with the force on the coil causing it to rotate and drive an axle. Electromagnetic induction produces an induced current in a coil when a magnet moves within the coil.

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Julia Nithdale
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102 views3 pages

Magnetic Effect of Electric Current

The document discusses magnetic effects of electric current. It explains that a current-carrying conductor experiences a force when placed in a magnetic field, with the direction of the force determined by Fleming's left-hand rule. An electric motor converts electrical energy to mechanical energy using a current-carrying coil and magnet, with the force on the coil causing it to rotate and drive an axle. Electromagnetic induction produces an induced current in a coil when a magnet moves within the coil.

Uploaded by

Julia Nithdale
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER: MAGNETIC EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

FORCE ON A CURRENT CARRYING CONDUCTOR IN A MAGNETIC FIELD

When a conductor carrying electric current is placed in a magnetic field such that the magnetic field is
not parallel to the conductor, then it always experiences a force which tends to displace it.

The displacement in the rod indicates that when a current carrying rod is placed in the magnetic field, a
force is exerted on it which depends on:
a) strength of the current flowing through the rod
b) magnetic strength of the magnet
c) the length of the rod.

The direction of the force on the conductor depends on:


a) the direction of the flow of current and
b) the direction of magnetic field relative to the direction of current.

The direction of motion of a conductor is determined by Fleming’s left -hand rule.


Fleming’s left-hand rule
According to this rule, stretch the thumb, the forefinger and the central finger of your left hand such
that they are mutually perpendicular. If the forefinger points in the direction of the magnetic field and
the central finger in the direction of current, then the thumb will point in the direction of motion or
force acting on the conductor.

Fleming’s left-hand rule

ELECTRIC MOTOR

An electric motor is a device that converts electric energy to mechanical energy.


It is used in electric fans, washing machines mixer etc.
PRINCIPLE: A current carrying conductor placed perpendicular to magnetic field experiences a force. The
direction of the force is given by Fleming’s Left Hand Rule.
CONSTRUCTION: A simple D.C motor consists of:
a) Armature coil : It consists of a single loop of an insulated copper wire in the form of a rectangle.

b) Magnet: Armature coil is placed between two poles of a strong magnet which provides strong
magnetic field.

c)Split ring commutator: It consists of two halves of metallic ring. The two ends of armature coil are
connected to these two halves of ring. Commutators reverses the direction of current in armature coil.
This ensures that the coil keeps rotating continuously in the same direction.

d) Carbon brushes: Two carbon brushes press against the commutator. These brushes act as contact
between the commutator and the battery.

e) Battery: It is connected across the carbon brushes. It supplies current to the armature coil.

WORKING:

 When current flows through the coil ABCD from the battery in the direction A to B in arm AB and
C to D in arm CD, the arm AB and CD experience force.
 According to Fleming’s left hand rule, arm AB of coil experiences force in the downward
direction, and arm CD experiences the force in the upward direction.
 These pair of forces rotate the coil in the anticlockwise direction until the coil is in the vertical
direction.
 At this position the, the contact of commutator and brushes break and the supply of current is
cut off. Hence, no force acts on arms of coil. But coil goes on rotating due to inertia of motion of
the coil until the commutator again comes in contact with the brushes.
 When commutators come in contact with the brushes again after half rotation, Q makes the
contact with brush X and P with brush Y, therefore, the direction of current in AB and CD is
reversed.
 Now the force acting on arm AB is in upward direction and force acting on arm CD is in the
downward direction. This rotates the coil and the axle half a turn more in the same direction.
 The reversing of current happens after every half a rotation and thus the coil of the DC motor
continues to rotate in the same direction. Hence, electrical energy is converted into mechanical
energy.

In a commercial motor, the power is increased by the use of following:


a) An electromagnet in place of a permanent magnet as the electromagnets are stronger than
permanent magnets and do not lose their strength until the current flowing through them is
stopped. Also, the strength of an electromagnet can be adjusted by the amount of electric
current flowing through it.
b) A soft iron core on which the coil is wound makes the magnetic field stronger.
c) Large number of turns of the insulated conducting wire in the current carrying coil to enhance
the magnetic field produced by the armature.

USES OF D.C MOTOR


It is used in electric cars, lifts, drilling machines, fans, hairdryers, washing machine, mixers,
blenders etc.

Electromagnetic induction

Michael Faraday showed that electric current could be produced in a circuit by changing magnetic field.

1. The motion of a magnet with respect to the coil produces an induced potential difference called
electromotive force which sets an induced current in the circuit.
2. The phenomenon of producing induced electric current in a conductor by moving it
perpendicular to a magnetic field as a result of changing magnetic field is called
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION.
3. Induced current will last as long as the change in magnetic field with the coil continues.
4. The direction of current changes with the change in direction of magnet and polarity of the
magnet and is given by Flemings Right Rule.

Fleming’s right hand rule: Stretch the forefinger, the central finger & the thumb perpendicular to each
other so that the forefinger indicates the direction of field & the thumb is in the direction of motion then
the central finger shows the direction of induced current in the conductor.

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