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Ideal Regenerative Cycle - Sample Problem

This document provides information about a regenerative steam cycle problem. It includes: - Steam conditions at key points in the cycle, including pressure, temperature, and enthalpy. - Calculations to determine the mass of steam extracted at two feedwater heating points, which total 4,293 kg/hr. - Schematic and temperature-entropy diagrams are required to analyze the cycle and calculate work, efficiencies, and energy flows.

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John David Divinagracia
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739 views

Ideal Regenerative Cycle - Sample Problem

This document provides information about a regenerative steam cycle problem. It includes: - Steam conditions at key points in the cycle, including pressure, temperature, and enthalpy. - Calculations to determine the mass of steam extracted at two feedwater heating points, which total 4,293 kg/hr. - Schematic and temperature-entropy diagrams are required to analyze the cycle and calculate work, efficiencies, and energy flows.

Uploaded by

John David Divinagracia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SAMPLE PROBLEM:

In an Ideal regenerative cycle, 54,500 kg/hr of steam generated at 7.0 MPa, 550°C is received by a regenerative
engine. Extraction for feedwater heating occurs at 3.0 MPa and again at 2.0 MPa, with the remaining steam
expanding to 20.0 kPa.
Determine:
a. Schematic and Ts diagram
b. Enthalpies, kJ/kg
c. Hourly quantities of steam extracted, kg/hr
d. Heat added and rejected, kW
e. Turbine and Total Pump work, kW
f. Net work and Energy Chargeable, kW
g. Overall cycle thermal and engine efficiency, %

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

TS DIAGRAM:
At Point 1: 𝑃 = 7.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑇 = 550℃
Condition: Superheated Steam

𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟏 = 𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟎. 𝟗
𝒌𝒈
𝑘𝐽
𝑠 = 6.9486
𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾

At Point 2: 𝑃 = 3.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑠 = 𝑠 = 6.9486


Condition: Superheated Steam

By Interpolation:

s, h, T, °C
6.9211 3230.8 400
6.9486 ℎ 𝑇
7.0833 3344.0 450

𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟐 = 𝟑𝟐𝟒𝟗. 𝟗𝟗𝟐𝟒
𝒌𝒈
𝑇 = 408.48℃

At Point 3: 𝑃 = 2.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑠 = 𝑠 = 6.9486


Condition: Superheated Steam

By Interpolation:

s, h, T, °C
6.7663 3023.5 300
6.9486 ℎ 𝑇
6.9562 3137.0 350

𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟑 = 𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟐. 𝟒𝟓𝟕𝟔
𝒌𝒈
𝑇 = 348.00℃

At Point 4: 𝑃 = 0.020 𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑠 = 𝑠 = 6.9486


Condition: Wet-mixture

Solving for quality using the given entropy, x:

𝑠 −𝑠 6.9486 − 0.8319
𝑥= =
𝑠 7.0766

𝑥 = 0.8644
Solving for ℎ ;

ℎ =ℎ + 𝑥ℎ
𝑘𝐽
ℎ = [251.38 + (0.8644)(2358.3)]
𝑘𝑔
𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟒 = 𝟐𝟐𝟖𝟗. 𝟖𝟗𝟒𝟓
𝒌𝒈

At Point 5: 𝑃 = 0.02 𝑀𝑃𝑎


Condition: Saturated Liquid

𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟓 = 𝟐𝟓𝟏. 𝟑𝟖
𝒌𝒈
𝑚
𝜐 = 0.001017
𝑘𝑔

At Point 6: 𝑃 = 2.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎


Condition:Compressed Liquid

Using Approximate pump work;

𝑊 = 𝜐 (𝑃 −𝑃 )
𝑚 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 0.001017 (2000 − 20)
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝑘𝐽
𝑊 = 2.0137
𝑘𝑔
Solving for ℎ ;
ℎ =𝑊 +ℎ
𝑘𝐽
ℎ = (2.0137 + 251.38)
𝑘𝑔
𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟔 = 𝟐𝟓𝟑. 𝟑𝟗𝟑𝟕
𝒌𝒈

At Point 7: 𝑃 = 2.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎


Condition: Saturated Liquid

𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟕 = 𝟗𝟎𝟖. 𝟕𝟕
𝒌𝒈
𝑚
𝜐 = 0.001177
𝑘𝑔

At Point 8: 𝑃 = 3.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎


Condition:Compressed Liquid

Using Approximate pump work;

𝑊 = 𝜐 (𝑃 −𝑃 )
𝑚 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 0.001177 (3000 − 2000)
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝑘𝐽
𝑊 = 1.177
𝑘𝑔
Solving for ℎ ;
ℎ =𝑊 +ℎ
𝑘𝐽
ℎ = (1.177 + 908.77)
𝑘𝑔
𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟖 = 𝟗𝟎𝟗. 𝟗𝟒𝟕
𝒌𝒈

At Point 9: 𝑃 = 3.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎


Condition: Saturated Liquid

𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟗 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟖. 𝟒𝟏
𝒌𝒈
𝑚
𝜐 = 0.001216
𝑘𝑔

At Point 10: 𝑃 = 7.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎


Condition:Compressed Liquid

Using Approximate pump work;

𝑊 = 𝜐 (𝑃 − 𝑃 )
𝑚 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 0.001216 (7000 − 3000)
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝑘𝐽
𝑊 = 4.864
𝑘𝑔
Solving for ℎ ;
ℎ =𝑊 +ℎ
𝑘𝐽
ℎ = (4.864 + 1008.41)
𝑘𝑔
𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟕𝟒
𝒌𝒈

C. MASS OF STEAM EXTRACTED, kg/hr


By Mass and Energy Balance at OH1 and OH2;

For OH1;
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐼𝑛 = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑂𝑢𝑡
𝑚 +𝑚 = 𝑚

𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐼𝑛 = 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑂𝑢𝑡


𝑚 ℎ +𝑚 ℎ =𝑚 ℎ
For OH2;
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐼𝑛 = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑂𝑢𝑡
𝑚 +𝑚 =𝑚

𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐼𝑛 = 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑂𝑢𝑡


𝑚 ℎ +𝑚 ℎ =𝑚 ℎ

Solving for the mass of the steam extracted;

For OH1;

Since;
𝑚 +𝑚 = 𝑚
Let;
𝑚 =𝑚 −𝑚
Substituting;
𝑚 ℎ + (𝑚 − 𝑚 )ℎ = 𝑚 ℎ

𝑚 ℎ +𝑚 ℎ −𝑚 ℎ = 𝑚 ℎ

𝑚 (ℎ − ℎ ) = 𝑚 (ℎ − ℎ )
Then;
ℎ −ℎ
𝑚 =𝑚
ℎ −ℎ

𝑘𝑔 1008.41 − 909.947
𝑚 = 54,500
ℎ𝑟 3249.9924 − 909.947

𝒌𝒈
𝒎𝟏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟗𝟑. 𝟐𝟏𝟕𝟕
𝒉𝒓
Also;
𝑚 =𝑚 −𝑚
𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = (54,500 − 2293.2177)
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 52,206.7823
ℎ𝑟

For OH2;

Since;
𝑚 +𝑚 =𝑚
Let;
𝑚 =𝑚 −𝑚
Substituting;
𝑚 ℎ + (𝑚 − 𝑚 )ℎ = 𝑚 ℎ

𝑚 ℎ +𝑚 ℎ −𝑚 ℎ =𝑚 ℎ

𝑚 (ℎ − ℎ ) = 𝑚 (ℎ − ℎ )
Then;
ℎ −ℎ
𝑚 =𝑚
ℎ −ℎ

𝑘𝑔 908.77 − 253.3937
𝑚 = 52,206.7823
ℎ𝑟 3132.4576 − 253.3937

𝒌𝒈
𝒎𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏, 𝟖𝟖𝟒. 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟔
𝒉𝒓
Also;
𝑚 =𝑚 −𝑚
𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = (52,206.7823 − 11,884.1016)
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 40,322.6807
ℎ𝑟

D. HEAT ADDED AND REJECTED, kW

Solving for heat added in the boiler;

𝑄 = 𝑚 (ℎ − ℎ )

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 1 ℎ𝑟
𝑄 = 54,500 ( 3530.9 − 1013.274)
ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑔 3600 𝑠

𝒌𝑱
𝑸𝑨𝑩 = 𝟑𝟖, 𝟏𝟏𝟒. 𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟑 𝒐𝒓 𝒌𝑾
𝒔

Solving for heat rejected, 𝑄 in kW

𝑄 = 𝑚 (ℎ − ℎ )

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 1 ℎ𝑟
𝑄 = 40,322.6807 (2289.8945 − 251.38)
ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑔 3600 𝑠

𝒌𝑱
𝑸𝑹 = 𝟐𝟐 𝟖𝟑𝟐. 𝟖𝟖𝟎𝟒 𝒐𝒓 𝒌𝑾
𝒔

D. TURBINE AND PUMP WORK, kW

Solving for Turbine work in kW;

𝑊 =𝑚 ℎ −𝑚 ℎ −𝑚 ℎ −𝑚 ℎ
𝑘𝑔
𝑊 = [(54500)(3530.9) − (2293.2177)(3249.9924) − (11884.1016)(3132.4576) − (40322.6807)(2289.8945)]
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝐽 1 ℎ𝑟
∙ 𝑥
𝑘𝑔 3600 𝑠
𝒌𝑱
𝑾𝑻 = 𝟏𝟓, 𝟑𝟗𝟒. 𝟒𝟑𝟗𝟏 𝒐𝒓 𝒌𝑾
𝒔

Solving for the total Work pump in kW;

𝑊 = 𝑊

𝑊 =𝑊 +𝑊 +𝑊

𝑊 =𝑚 𝑊 +𝑚 𝑊 +𝑚 𝑊

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 1 ℎ𝑟
𝑊 = [(54500)(4.864) + (52206.7823)(1.177) + (40322.6807)(2.0137)] ∙ 𝑥
ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑔 3600 𝑠

𝒌𝑱
𝑾𝑷𝑻 = 𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟓𝟗𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝒌𝑾
𝒔

E. NET WORK AND ENERGY CHARGEABLE, kW

Solving for work net in kW;

𝑊 =𝑊 −𝑊

𝑊 = (15,394.4391 − 113.2592)𝑘𝑊

𝑾𝑵𝑬𝑻 = 𝟏𝟓, 𝟐𝟖𝟏. 𝟏𝟕𝟗𝟗 𝒌𝑾

Solving for Energy Chargeable in kW;

Since;

𝐸𝑐 = 𝐸𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 − 𝐸𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝐸𝑐 = 𝑚 (ℎ − ℎ )

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 1 ℎ𝑟
𝐸𝑐 = 54500 (3530.9 − 1008.41) 𝑥
ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑔 3600𝑠

𝒌𝑱
𝑬𝒄 = 𝟑𝟖, 𝟏𝟖𝟕. 𝟔𝟗𝟓𝟖 𝒐𝒓 𝒌𝑾
𝒔
F. OVERALL CYCLE THERMAL AND ENGINE EFFICIENCY, %

Solving for 𝑒 ;

𝑊
𝑒 = × 100
𝑄

15,281.799
𝑒 = × 100
38,114.0603

𝒆𝑪 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟑𝟑%

Solving for 𝑒 ;

𝑊
𝑒 = × 100
𝐸𝑐

15,394.4391
𝑒 = × 100
38,187.6958

𝒆𝑬 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟔%

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