Section: Management and Economics

Spiritual and Cosmological Applications of Triangles

Anantha Anantha
Anand Bhavan, Kanjampatti P.O, Pollachi Via, Tamil nadu 642003, India

Abstract:

It is well known that the laws of triangles are widely applied in classical mathematical branches, physics,
engineering and almost all the areas of science, technology and other fields. Trigonometry is the extension
of triangles. Cosmology is the application of trigonometry. The Jews, Vedic Aryans, Islam and Taoism
were all well versed with triangles and other geometrical figures. In this article, the author attempts to
unlock the hidden spiritual mysteries of triangles and also about the part played by triangles in cosmology.
MSC: 51 M04

Keywords: Euclidean Triangles, Spiritual Applications; Cosmological Consequences

Introduction:
The Star of David, a symbol of Judaism, as a religion, and of the Jewish people as a whole. And it also thought
to be the shield (or at least the emblem on it) of King David. Jewish lore links the symbol to the "Seal of
Solomon", the magical signet ring used by King Solomon to control demons and spirits. Jewish lore also links
the symbol to a magic shield owned by King David that protected him from enemies. Following Jewish
emancipation after the French revolution, Jewish communities chose the Star of David as their symbol. The
star is found on the Flag of Israel.
The six-pointed Star of David is a common symbol for both Judaism and Israel. Known in Hebrew as a Magen
David (Shield of David), geometrically it is two triangles superimposed on each other, forming the shape of a
hexagram.
Though today the symbol popularly communicates Jewishness, its associations with Judaism are newer than
one might think. Some historians trace it to Jewish communities in the Middle Ages, but these claims are
neither fully substantiated nor widely accepted [See figure 3]
Geometry is used throughout the Rig Veda. However, unlike modern geometry, the emphasis was not on
proofs but on usage. Furthermore, the rishis had knowledge of the concept of precision, and this is evident
from various descriptions of applications and use of geometry. Further, the depth of precision was based on
the requirements of the task or study being described. For example, descriptions of constructions were limited
in precision whereas descriptions of astronomical phenomena were described in greater precision.
The following verse in the Rig Veda deals with the formation of the universe.
Who was the measurer prama? What was the model pratimâ? What were the building materials for things
offered nidânam ãjyam? What is the circumference (of this universe) paridhih? What are the meters or
harmonies behind the Universe chandah? What is the triangle (yoke) praugam [which connects this
universe to the source of driving force, the engine]?[2]

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All these Sanskrit words (ie: prama) are geometrical terms which also occur later in the Sulbasutra (where
they are also defined).
Chariots are described in great detail in many different verses in the Rig Veda and Yajur Veda. Dr. Kulkarni
writes: The proficiency in chariot building presupposes a good deal of knowledge of geometry... The fixing
of spokes of odd or even numbers require knowledge of dividing the area of the circle into the desired numbers
of small parts of equal area, by drawing diameters. This also presupposes the knowledge of dividing a given
angle into equal parts.
The Rig Veda is full of references to words in rituals whose definitions we find in subsequent Brahmanas and
in the Sulba Sutra to be pointing to geometrical figures. For example, three types of fire altars, garhapatya,
ahavaniya and dakshina are mentioned in the Rig Veda but defined in the Shatapatha Brâhmana as being
square, circular and semi circular, respectively, and also having the same area. Considering that ritualistic fire
altar designs were not changed over a period of time and that the shastras were recited for several millennia
before being written down, the rishis must have had a method to calculate the square root of the number two
and the value of pi, without which they would not be able to determine whether the three altars had the same
area or not.[ http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Mathematics_of_the_Vedas]
The concept of infinity was also known during Vedic times. They were aware of the basic mathematical
properties of infinity and had several words for the concept-chief being ananta, purnam, aditi, and
asamkhyata. Asamkhyata is mentioned in the Yajur Veda[11], and the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad as describing
the number of mysteries of Indra as ananta[12]. These two statements are elaborated in the opening lines of the
Isha Upanishad (Shukla Yajur Veda). This sholka is as much metaphysical as it is mathematical.
pûrnâsya pûrnamadaya pûrnamevâvasishyate
From infinity is born infinity.
When infinity is taken out of infinity, only infinity is left over.
The concept of Shunya, or zero void, was originally conceived as the symbol of Brahman, expressing the sum
of all distinct forms. The symbol of zero and the decimal system of notation is described in the Atharvaveda.
it describes how the number increases by 10 by writing zero in front of it. While there is no explicit mention
of zero, it must have been common knowledge based on how it is used.
In fact, the concept of shunya was not just mathematical or scientific, but is deeply rooted in all branches of
thought - especially metaphysics and cosmology. Shunya is the transition point between opposites, it
symboliss the real balance between divergent tendencies. Most ancient mathematicians defined zero as the
sum of two equal and opposite quantities. Zero produces all figures, but is itself not limited to a certain value.
Zero is the primary or final reservoir of all single numbers. The symbol of zero and the decimal system of
notation is described in the Atharvaveda. It describes how the number increases by 10 by writing zero in
front of it.
Sacred geometry is the basis through which the ―multiverse‖ — as the Ancient One references
— comes into being. Sacred geometry is the mathematical formulas that serve as the foundation or the
springboard upon and through which everything exists. Sacred geometry is the place where mind and matter,
the spiritual and the physical, the manifest and unmanifest, the bound and boundless meet. If you can imagine
an architect‘s blueprint you can capture a snapshot of just how integral to life sacred geometry is. Just as the
blueprint informs the layout, placement, spacing and more of a building, so too does sacred geometry inform
the layout, placement, and spacing of Earth, the universes, and all of their inhabitants. Sacred geometry is
found everywhere, even your body! At the heart of everything is a mathematical code that inspires, influences,

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and informs it and how it appears in physical reality. In short, sacred geometry is the underlying and
organizing principle of Creation.[ https://www.sagegoddess.com/what-is-sacred-geometry/]
Sacred triangles are applied in Tantra. In this article, section1 deals with the tremendous mysteries of
equilateral triangles in Tantra and section 2 attempts by the applications of isosceles triangles that the shape
of our universe is flat.
SECTION 1
Applications of equilateral triangles in Tantra
Case 1
4 Yogini Vidya is an important mode of worship in Tantra. 64 equilateral triangles should be inscribed either
in a wooden plate or on a cotton piece of cloth. The performer should sit on this and mediate by reciting the
64 yogini mantras. The practitioner will attain spiritual bliss and ecstasy. The author reveals this hidden
spiritual and triangle mystery for the benefit of humankind.
See Figure 1

Describe an equilateral triangle ABC. [Elements I, prop.1]. Locate the mid points D. E and F of sides AB, BC
and CA respectively. Join DE, EF and FD.
In triangle ABC, all the sides are equal. Since an equal side subtends equal angles, angles ABC, BCA and
CAB are equal. i. e each of these angle is 60 degrees.
Now by side, angle side correspondence, triangles AED, BEF and CDF are congruent. So, the base angles
AED, ADE, BEF, BFE, CFD and CDF are equal. This shows us that teach of these angles is equal to 60
degrees. So, sides DE, EF and FD are equal. Consequently we obtain that triangles AED, BEF, CFD and EDF

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Anantha Anantha / Spiritual and Cosmological Applications of Triangles

are all equilateral triangles. There are five equilateral triangles in figure 1.We can describe a number of
equilateral triangles in each triangle AED, BEF, CDF and DEF.
In figure 1, O is the center of both equilateral triangle ABC and DEF. But it is not the center for equilateral
triangles AED, BEF and CDF. So, this construction is mathematically consistent but spiritually incorrect. It is
very very essential and important that the center/ brahmastan/bindu should be the same for all 64 yogini
triangles. So, such constructions are not acceptable. Some so called spiritual experts foolishly argue that such
equilateral triangles hold good for 64 yogini triangles.

Let us switch over to the spiritually and mathematically correct description of equilateral triangles.

See Figure 2

Draw an equilateral triangle ABC. [Figure 2 ] Let the bisectors of angles ABC and ACB meet at O. This is
the center, brahmastan/bindu of equilateral triangle ABC. On BO and CO make BE and CF such that BE =
CF. Join EF. On CF describe an equilateral triangle DEF. Similarly, inscribe an another equilateral triangle
KLM. So, O is the center, brahmastan/bindu for all the equilateral triangles ABC, DEF and KLM. This is
the [figure 2] spiritually and mathematically correct and consistent construction. By repeating this process
we can construct 64 equilateral triangles within the biggest equilateral triangle ABC. [Figure 2] In figure b2,
each equilateral triangle REPRESENTS a particular deity. There are 64 tantra and 64 yoginis.
The readers may find below the relevant 64 yogini mantras for worship: Worshipping Kali and Her 64 Yoginis
Kali is in all forms. She is particularly present in the 64 Yoginis, all extensions of her Cosmic Personality.
This 64 Yogini Namavali wins the grace of Maha Kali and her ancient mother aspects.

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 Anantha Anantha / Spiritual and Cosmological Applications of Triangles

First published in 1990, these mantras come directly from Sathguru Babaji. Devotees of the Mother and her
64 forms will be pleased to know that they have been posted extensively in multiple sites throughout the
internet. All are welcome to use these sacred sounds which will elevate humanity.
For the absolving of sins, clarity of consciousness, a peaceful heart, massive protection, dynamic aura, robust
health, and the magnificent grace of abundance of every type, one should chant the sacred names of the sixty-
four Yoginis. We should never minimize their potential. They are not minor deities, but the supreme divinity;
none other than emanations of the one cosmic Prakriti residing over every aspect of the relative plane. They
can pull a soul from the lowest depths of illusion into the most elevated heights of grace- light.
To perform this puja, simply prepare a copper yantra with sixty-four petals and chant the following mantras
with an open heart. If copper is not available, draw the yantra with India ink using Bhoj Patra. The daily
repetition of these mantras with purify all darkness, jealousy and resentment within. Seek out direct spiritual
guidance from a soul animated by the Divine. As the Siddha Rama Devar said, ―Surrender to the young Shakti,
and she will not forget you for the rest of your life.‖
Kali and Her 64 Yogini Namavali
1. Om Kali Nitya Siddhamata Swaha
Mother of the Siddhas
2. Om Kapalini Nagalakshmi Swaha
Lakshmi of Naga
3. Om Kula Devi Svarnadeha Swaha
Of golden body
4. Om Kurukulla Rasanatha Swaha
Ruler of physical pleasure
5. Om Virodhini Vilasini Swaha
Residing within Self
6. Om Vipracitta Rakta Priya Swaha
Who loves passion
7. Om Ugra Rakta Bhoga Rupa Swaha
Enjoyer of passion in the form
8. Om Ugraprabha Sukranatha Swaha
Ruler of the seminal essence
9. Om Dipa Muktih Rakta Deha Swaha
Liberation through the body of passion
10. Om Nila Bhukti Rakta Sparsha Swaha
Who receives pleasure from the touch of passion
11. Om Ghana MahaJagadamba Swaha
Great Mother of the world

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12. Om Balaka Kama Sevita Swaha

Attended by the God of Love
13. Om Matra Devi Atma Vidya Swaha
The Goddess with knowledge of Self
14. Om Mudra Poorna Rajatkripa Swaha
Who competely radiates compassion
15. Om Mita Tantra Kaula Diksha Swaha
Initiatress of the Tantric Kaula Path
16. Om Maha Kali Siddhesvari Swaha
Queen of the Siddhas
17. Om Kameshvari Sarvashakti Swaha
Shakti of All
18. Om Bhagamalini Tarini Swaha
Who delivers from calamity
19. Om Nityaklinna Tantraprita Swaha
Fond of Tantra
20. Om Bherunda Tatva Uttama Swaha
Essence of Sexual Fluid
21. Om Vahnivasini Sasini Swaha
Radiance of the moon
22. Om Mahavajreshvari Rakta Devi Swaha
Sensuous Goddess
23. Om Shivaduti Adi Shakti Swaha Original Feminine Energy
24. Om Tvarita Urdvaretada Swaha
Giver of the Upward Ecstasy
25. Om Kulasundari Kamini Swaha
Desire Itself
26. Om Nitya Jnana Svarupini Swaha
The Great form of Wisdom
27. Om Nilapataka Siddhida Swaha
Giver of perfection
28. Om Vijaya Devi Vasuda Swaha
Goddess who is Giver of wealth
29. Om Sarvamangala Tantrada Swaha

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Who Bestows Tantra

30. Om Jvalamalini Nagini Swaha
Snake Goddess
31. Om Chitra Devi Rakta Puja Swaha
Goddess who is worshipped with passion
32. Om Lalita Kanya Sukrada Swaha
Pure Maiden
33. Om Dakini Madasalini Swaha
Shining with rapture
34. Om Rakini Papa Rasini Swaha
Destroyer of sin
35. Om Lakini Sarvatantresi Swaha
Ruler of all tantras
36. Om Kakini Naganartaki Swaha
Who dances with Nagaraj
37. Om Sakini Mitrarupini Swaha
Friend
38. Om Hakini Manoharini Swaha
Mind Stealer
39. Om Tara Yoga Rakta Poorna Swaha
Who in union bestows complete passion
40. Om Shodashi Latika Devi Swaha
Creeper Goddess
41. Om Bhuvaneshwari Mantrini Swaha
Energy of all mantras
42. Om Chinamasta Yoni Vega Swaha
With dripping yoni
43. Om Bhairavi Satya Sukrini Swaha
Supreme Purity
44. Om Dhumavati Kundalini Swaha
Primordial energy of self
45. Om Bagla Muki Guru Moorthi Swaha
Form of the guru
46. Om Matangi Kanta Yuvati Swaha

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Youthful beauty enhanced by Love

47. Om Kamala Sukla Samsthita Swaha
Residing in the Semen
48. Om Prakriti Brahmandri Devi Swaha
Goddess residing in the crown
49. Om Gayatri Nitya Chitrini Swaha
Eternal core of the energy of Self
50. Om Mohini Matta Yogini Swaha
Intoxicated
51. Om Saraswathi Svarga Devi Swaha
Goddess of Heaven
52. Om Annapoorni Shiva Samgi Swaha
With Shiva
53. Om Narasimhi Vamadevi Swaha
Beloved Goddess
54. Om Ganga Yoni Svarupini Swaha
Energy of the Yoni
55. Om Aprajita Samaptida Swaha
Who Bestows Orgasm
56. Om Camunda Parianganatha Swaha
Ruler of sacred erection
57. Om Varahi Satya Ekakini Swaha
Oneness of Truth
58. Om Kaumari Kriya Shaktini Swaha
Energy of dedicated action
59. Om Indrani Mukti Niyantri Swaha
Guide to bliss
60. Om Brahmani Ananda Moorthi Swaha
Image of bliss
61. Om Vaishnavi Satya Rupini Swaha
Form of truth
62. Om Mahesvari Para Shakti Swaha
Transcendental energy
63. Om Lakshmi Monoramayoni Swaha

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With beautiful yoni

64. Om Durga Satchitananda Swaha
Truth consciousness and bliss
The Sanskrit sacred mantras Om and Aum are identical. But Tantra asserts that males should recite
Om whereas females MUST avoid Om recitation and SHOULD recite Aum.
Case 2
Look at figure 3

In Christianity the word Amen is very important. Every discourse ends with Amen. In Hindu philosophy, Om
and its equivalent word Aum are sacred. It is stated in Tantra that the TANTRIC sexual union of male and
female is identical with Universal consciousness. The genitals of males and females are SACRED SPACES
in Tantra. The Tantric Monks had formulated a RULE to experience spiritual bliss/enlightenment and
universal consciousness and Oneness for the partners. The rule is that the couples must perform by sitting or
laying on a cot/ bed/cotton cloth with the sacred equilateral triangles as shown in figure 3. In the sexual
equilateral triangles ABC and DEF O is the center/ brahmastan/bindu. So , if a couple enjoy sex on the bed
which possesses the sacred sexual equilateral triangles as indicated in the figure 3, certainly they will get
climax and orgasm and attain spiritual bliss and universal consciousness and Oneness with the Almighty.
Before coitus, the couples are requested to meditate at least for five minutes.
The Sanskrit sacred mantras Om and Aum are identical. But Tantra asserts that males should recite
Om whereas females MUST avoid Om recitation and SHOULD recite Aum
[https://www.yoginiashram.com/namavali-of-kalis-64-yoginis/]

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SECTION 2
Applications of isosceles triangles in cosmology
According to Freedman equations, the geometry of the universe has three possibilities namely open, closed
and flat. Closed universe obeys the properties of spherical geometry, open universe has the properties of
hyperbolic geometry and flat universe agrees with the concepts of classical Euclidean geometry. Recent
measurements of WMAP and Planck predict that to a margin of 0.02% error, our universe is flat. But there is
no mathematical formulation for the shape of our universe. In this work, the author attempts to show seven
mathematical methods for the fate of our universe. The author‘s findings are just some attempts. The author
does not seek any TOP claims. But the author sincerely believes that these studies may be a small clue for
further probes and research.
Case 1 Look at figure 4 ( Euclidean

Figure 4 (Euclidean)
Let m, x, y and z denote the sum of the interior angles of cosmic triangles ADE, AFG, AHJ and ABC
respectively. In another words,
ADE = x [I] AFG = x [II] AHJ = y [III] ABC = m [IV]
Results:
xy = a (1) yz = b (2) zm = c (3)
Dividing (1) by (2), x / z = a / b (4) Dividing (2) by (3), y/ m = b/ c (5) Dividing (6) by (7), xm/ yz = a/ c (6)
Cross multiplying, xmc = yza (7)
Applying (1) in RHS, xmc = yz.xy
i.e mc = y2z
Assuming (3) in LHS, m.zm = y2z
i.e m =y (8)
Comparing [I], [IV] and (8) we obtain that the sum of the interior angles of triangles ABC and AHJ are equal.
In cosmic triangle ABC the latent sides are equal. And by construction the latent sides AH and AJ in triangle

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AHJ are equal.

The summit angle BAC is common to these two triangles.
Consequently we obtain that cosmic triangles ABC and AHJ are similar. (9)
Case 2 Look at figure 4 (Euclidean)
Let e, g, s and w denote the sum of the interior angles of cosmic triangles ADE, AFG, AHJ and ABC
respectively. In another words,
ADE = e [I] AFG = g [II] AHJ = s [III] ABC = w[IV]
Results
Applying the laws of tensor algebra, we can formulate the following tensors: Aeg (10)
Bws (11)
Cse (12)
Dws (13)
Eeg (14)
Fgw (15)

(10).(11).(13).(14).= Aeg BwsDws Eeg = Unity

(10).(12).(13).(15).= AegCse Dws Fgw = Unity
Equating the above two relations, (10).(11).(13).(14).= (10).(12).(13).(15).
i.e. BwsEeg = CseFgw
Mwseg = Nsegw (16)
According to the law of equality of tensors, if two tensors of same rank and same type are equal, then their
components are one to one equal, using this law in (16) we get the following relations:
w = s; s = e; e = g; g = w`
From the above relations we obtain that e = g = s = w From the above relation we obtain , e = g = w=s. (17)
From (17) and from we get that the cosmic triangles ADE, AFG, AHJ and ABC are similar. (18)
Case 3 Look at figure 4 ( Euclidean)
Let u, x, y and z denote the sum of the interior angles of cosmic triangles ADE, AFG, AHJ and ABC
respectively. In another words,
ADE = v [I] AFG = x [II] AHJ = y [III] ABC = z [ IV]
Results:
The angles BDE and DEC are straight angles and so their measures are equal to180 degrees.

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Let us assume that eqns. (21a), (22a), (22b) and (23aa) denote sets.
Intersection of the sets A and B, denoted by A ∩ B, is the set of all objects that are members of both A and B.
The intersection of {1, 2, 3} and {2, 3, 4}
is the set {2, 3} .
Let us assume that equations (21a) , (22b) and (23a) are sets.
Considering equations (21a) a n d (22b) and applying the intersection law of set theory we obtain that,
X ∩ A‘ = { V } (24)
Taking equations (3b) and (4a) and assuming interjection law of
set theory we have that, X ∩ A‘ = { - Z } (25)
Comparing (5) and (6) we get that V = - Z (26)
It is well known that in geometry minus theta refers to the vertically opposite angles. Since vertically opposite
angles are equal, (7) implies that V = Z (27)
A brief analysis of {I], {IV] and (27) clearly indicates that cosmic triangles ABC and ADE are similar
(28)
Discussion:
From the equations (9) of case ONE, (18) of case TWO, and (28 ) of case THREE we obtain that the cosmic
triangles we have studied are similar. The similar triangles are possible only in
classical Euclidean geometry. So, in brief we may conclude that the geometry of our universe is [ 1-8 ]
flat.
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Corresponding Author: Anantha Anantha

Email ID: [email protected]
Received: 2019-03-31
Accepted 2019-04-10
Publish Online 2019-04-12

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