JTG

Professional Standard of the People's Republic of China

中华人民共和国行业标准
JTG E42-2005

Test Methods of Aggregate for Highway Engineering

公路工程集料试验规程

Issued on March 3, 2005 Implemented on August 1, 2005

Issued by the Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China
 Professional Standard of the People's Republic of China
中华人民共和国行业标准

Test Methods of Aggregate for Highway Engineering

公路工程集料试验规程
JTG E42—2005

Chief Development Organization: Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport

Approval Department: Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China
Implementation Date: August 1, 2005
 Announcement by the Ministry of Communications of the People's
Republic of China

No.3

Announcement on issuing "Test Methods of Cement and Concrete for

Highway Engineering" (JTG E30-2005), "Test Methods of Rock for
Highway Engineering" (JTG E41-2005) and "Test Methods of Aggregate
for Highway Engineering" (JTG E42-2005)

"Test Methods of Cement and Concrete for Highway Engineering" (JTG E30-2005) and "Test Methods of
Rock for Highway Engineering" (JTG E41-2005) and "Test Methods of Aggregate for Highway Engineering"
(JTG E42-2005) has been issued and will be implemented on August 1, 2005. The original "Testing Methods
of Concrete for Highway Engineering" (JTG 053-94), "Test Methods of Stone Material for Highway
Engineering" (JTJ 054-94) and "Test Methods of Aggregate for Highway Engineering" (JTJ 058-2000) shall
be abolished simultaneously.
"Test Methods of Cement and Concrete for Highway Engineering" (JTG E30-2005) and "Test Methods of
Aggregate for Highway Engineering" (JTG E42 rd005) were chiefly prepared by Research Institute of
Highway Ministry of Transport, while "Test Methods of Rock for Highway Engineering" (JTG E41-2005)
was chiefly prepared by CCCC Second Highway Consultants Co. Ltd (CCSHCC). The Ministry of Transport
of the People's Republic of China is in charge of the administration and explanation of this Test Method,
while the Chief Development Organization is responsible for its explanation of specific technical contents and
supervisory work.
All relevant units are kindly requested to sum up material and accumulate experience in practice, any
problem and modification opinion found shall be reported to the chief development organization in writing
(Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, No.8 Xitucheng Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing City,
100088, China; CCCC Second Highway Consultants Co., Ltd. (CCSHCC), No.498 Yingwu Street, Hanyang
District, Wuhai City, 430052, China) for further reference.
Notice is hereby given.
Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China
March 3, 2005

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 Foreword
The original "Test Methods of Aggregate for Highway Engineering" (JTJ 058-2000) (hereinafter referred to
as "the original test method") is mainly revised by the Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport
based on that of Version 1994. The content Version 1994 are mostly quoted from the relevant test methods of
original "Test Methods of Cement Concrete", "Standard Test Methods of Bitumen and Bituminous Mixtures
for Highway Engineering" and "Test Methods of Highway Roadbases". After revising the Version 2000, the
original test method was issued on February 22, 2000 and implemented on July 1, 2000 all over the country.
The revised has been widely used in China, playing an important role in strengthening the production,
management and quality inspection of aggregate for highway engineering.
Size of asphalt pavement aggregate is subject to the square hole screen instead, which is the major revision
of the original test method. However, seeing that the aggregate of cement concrete pavement used round-hole
screen, the original test method still reserves two meshes: round mesh sieve and square mesh sieve. After the
publication of the test method, the end users show great objections, they thought that the two sets of sieves
were easy to confuse the testing personnel in operation. In addition, the national standard "Pebble and
Crushed Stone for Building" (GB/T 14685-2001) and "Building Sand" (GB/T 14684-2001) mainly prepared
by the building material department were changed into square mesh sieve integrate, and the mesh series are
identical to those of the original test method, the standard would be implemented on February 1, 2002. So it is
necessary to revise the original test method after the revision since 2000.
The keypoint of this revision is aim at the difference between the test methods and requirements of
cement concrete and asphalt mixture for the aggregate specified in the original test method, and it is revised
based on the uniform principle as far as possible. It covers 19 revised test methods, 3 supplemented test
methods and 1 appendix; deletes 5 test methods and original round mesh sieve appendix. Main content of this
revisions covers:
1. Unify the aggregate of all the test methods into specification of square mesh sieve
2. Revised and perfected the sampling method of aggregate, so as to make it be representative;
3. Revised the water sieve test method of coarse aggregate and added aggregate mixtures sieve test
method;
4. Unified the crushed stone value test method of coarse aggregate;
5. Unified the Los Angeles abrasion test method of coarse aggregate;
6. Revised the ground value test method of coarse aggregate;
7. Revised the test methods of various relative densities of fine aggregate, so that its scope of application
expanded into chips, crushed sand and natural sand; deleted the content of surface water absorption
8. Unified the fineness modulus calculation method after natural sand sieving
9. Revised the sand equivalent test method of fine aggregate
10. Added methylene blue test method of fine aggregate
11. Added slag activity and dilatability test methods
12. Added crush index test method of fine aggregate
13. Deleted the original T 0315 "crush value test of coarse aggregate for cement concrete", T 0318
"gravel abrasion test (Deval method)", T 0319 "crushed stone abrasion test (Deval method)", T 0329 "fine
aggregate apparent density test (Le Chatelier Flask)", T 0342 "water ratio short-time test of fine aggregate
(carbide pneumatic process)" and other methods out of use basically.
14. Those test method prepared and revised in 1994 and 2000 without material modification were made
with local editorial modifications and effective confirmation.

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 Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport is responsible for the interpretation of this test
method. All units should pay attention to lessons learned in use, any opinions and advises found in the
implementation process shall be timely reported to the Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport,
address: No.8 Xitucheng Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing City, 100088, China; tel: +86-10-62025078,
62079576; E-Mail: ja.shen@_rioh.cn or fp.li@_rioh.cn
Chief Development Organization: Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport
Major Drafting Staffs: Shen Jin'an, Li Fupu, Niu Kaimin, Xia Lingling, Liu Qingquan and Chen Jing

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 Contents
1. General Provisions .................................................................................................................................................. 1
2. Terminologies and Symbols .................................................................................................................................... 1
3. Coarse Aggregate Test ............................................................................................................................................. 4
T 0301-2005 Sampling Method of Coarse Aggregate ................................................................................................. 4
T 0302-2005 Sieve Test of Coarse Aggregate and Aggregate Mixtures...................................................................... 6
T 0303-2005 Sieve Test of Soil-containing Coarse Aggregate.................................................................................. 11
T 0304-2005 Coarse Aggregate Density and Water Absorption Test (Wire-Mesh Basket Method) ......................... 13
T 0305-1994 Coarse Aggregate Water Ratio Test ..................................................................................................... 16
T 0306-1994 Water Ratio Short-time Test of Coarse Aggregate (Alcohol Combustion Method) ............................. 17
T 0307-2005 Water Absorption Test of Coarse Aggregate ........................................................................................ 17
T 0308-2005 Coarse Aggregate Density and Water Absorption Test (Volumetric Flask Method) ............................ 18
T 0309-2005 Accumulated Density and Voidage Test of Coarse Aggregate ............................................................. 21
T 0310-2005 Silt Content and Clod Content Test of Coarse Aggregate .................................................................... 23
T 0311-2005 Flat and Elongated Particle Content Test in Coarse Aggregate for Cement Concrete (Gauge Device
Method) ..................................................................................................................................................................... 25
T 0312-2005 Flat and Elongated Particle Content Test in Coarse Aggregate (Vernier Calipers Method) ................ 26
T 0313-1994 Organic Content Test of Coarse Aggregate.......................................................................................... 28
T 0314-2000 Coarse Aggregate Consistency Test ..................................................................................................... 29
T 0316-2005 Coarse Aggregate Crush Value Test ..................................................................................................... 30
T 0317-2005 Coarse Aggregate Abrasion Test (Los Angeles Method) ..................................................................... 32
T 0320-2000 Coarse Aggregate Soft Particle Test .................................................................................................... 34
T 0321-2005 Polished Stone Value Test of Coarse Aggregate .................................................................................. 35
T 0322-2000 Aggregate Impact Value Test ............................................................................................................... 40
T 0323-2000 Coarse Aggregate Abrasion Test (Dory Test)....................................................................................... 42
T 0324-1994 Alkali Active Test of Aggregate (Lithofacies Method) ........................................................................ 44
T 0325-1994 Alkali Active Test of Aggregate (Mortar Length Method)................................................................... 47
T 0326-1994 Potency Test Restraining Aggregate Alkali Reactivity ........................................................................ 49
T 0346-2000 Crushing Gravel Content Test.............................................................................................................. 51
T 0347-2000 Aggregate Base Number Test .............................................................................................................. 53
T 0348-2005 Steel Scrap Activity and Dilatability Test ............................................................................................ 54
4 Fine Aggregate Test ................................................................................................................................................ 56
T 0327-2005 Fine Aggregate Sieving Test ................................................................................................................ 56
T 0328-2005 Apparent Density Test of Fine Aggregate (Volumetric Flask Method) ................................................ 58
T 0330-2005 Fine Aggregate Density and Water Absorption Test ............................................................................ 60
T 0331-1994 Accumulated Density and Loading Density Test Of Fine Aggregate .................................................. 63
T 0332-2005 Water Ratio Test of Fine Aggregate ..................................................................................................... 65
T 0333-2000 Silt content test of fine aggregate (sieving method) ............................................................................ 65
T 0334-2005 Sand Valent Weight Test of Fine Aggregate......................................................................................... 66
T 0335-1994 Clod Content Test of Fine Aggregate................................................................................................... 72
T 0336-1994 Organic Content Test of Fine Aggregate.............................................................................................. 72
T 0337-1994 Mica Content Test of Fine Aggregate .................................................................................................. 73
T 0338-1994 Light Material Content Test of Fine Aggregate ................................................................................... 74

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T 0339-1994 Expansion Ratio Test of Fine Aggregate ............................................................................................. 75
T 0340-2005 Obdurability Test of Fine Aggregate.................................................................................................... 75
T 0341-1994 Sulfur Trioxide Content Test of Fine Aggregate .................................................................................. 77
T 0343-1994 Quick Test on Water Ratio of Fine Aggregate (Alcohol Combustion Method) ................................... 78
T 0344-2000 Angularity Test of Fine Aggregate (Percentage of Voids in Aggregate) .............................................. 79
T 0345-2005 Fine Aggregate Angularity Test (Flow Time Method) ......................................................................... 81
T 0349-2005 Fine Aggregate Methylene Blue Test ................................................................................................... 83
T 0351-2000 Mineral Fines Sieve Test (Water Washing Method) ............................................................................ 87
T 0352-2000 Mineral Fines Density Test .................................................................................................................. 88
T 0353-2000 Mineral Fines Hydrophilic Coefficient Test ........................................................................................ 90
T 0354-2000 Mineral Fines Plasticity Index Test...................................................................................................... 91
T 0355-2000 Mineral Fines Heat Stability Test ........................................................................................................ 91
Appendix A Standard Test Sieves of Square Mesh Sieve Aggregate for Highway Engineering............................... 92
Appendix B Water Density Correction Methods at Different Temperatures ............................................................. 95

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 1. General Provisions

1.0.1 This test method is formulated with a view to accommodate the requirement of highway
construction in China and ensure the highway engineering requirements for the aggregate quality.
1.0.2 This test method specifies the test method of aggregate for cement concrete, asphalt mixture and
roadbases of newly-built and reconstructed highway engineering at all levels.
1.0.3 Technical requirements of various aggregates shall comply with the requirements of current
relevant technical codes.
1.0.4 Instruments for this test method shall be certified by the national relevant detection mechanism and
comply with the requirements of this test method.
1.0.5 The testing personnel shall comply with the requirements of safe operation, fire protection, gas
defense and environmental protection in testing.
1.0.6 Aggregate samples delivered for test shall be labeled with origin, specification, quantity, delivery
unit, test item and delivery date, and they shall be packed to prevent pollution and damage.

2. Terminologies and Symbols

2.1 Terminologies
2.1.1 Aggregate
Grains for supporting and filling in the mixtures, including rubble, gravel, crushed sand, chips and sand
2.1.2 Coarse aggregate
In asphalt mixtures, the coarse aggregate refers to rubble, crushing gravel, screening gravel and slag with
size of greater than 2.36mm; in cement concrete, the coarse aggregate refers to rubble, gravel and crushing
gravel with size of greater than 4.75mm.
2.1.3 Fine aggregate
In asphalt mixture, fine aggregate refers to natural sand, manufactured sand (including crushed sand) and
chips with size of less than 2.36mm; in cement concrete, fine aggregate refers to natural sand and
manufactured sand with size of less than 4.75mm.
2.1.4 Natural sand
Rock particles with size of less than 4.75mm and formed by natural weathering, current scouring and
stacking is divided into river sand, sea sand and pit sand by living environment.
2.1.5 Manufactured sand, synthetic sand
Fine aggregate meets the specification requirements and is obtained by artificial processing generally
remove most of the soil and fines with vacuum draw method in the stone manufacturing procedure, or clean
fine aggregate obtained by chips water washing. Broadly, it is divided into crushed sand, slag sand and
burning sand which is all manufactured sand.
2.1.6 Crushed sand
Manufactured sand repeatedly crushed with sand making machine by rubble and gravel to that with size
of less than 2.36mm, it is also known as broken concreting sand.
2.1.7 Crushed stone dust, screenings, chips

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 When processing rubble in stone pit, the undersize fraction through the minimum mesh (usually 2.36mm
or 4.75mm) is also known as screenings.
2.1.8 Blend sand
A general designation for the fine aggregate formed by natural sand, manufactured sand, crushed sand or
chips mixed in a certain proportion
2.1.9 Filler
Mineral powders in size of less than 0.075mm for filling in the asphalt mixture; generally, it is mineral
filler obtained by grinding limestone and other alkaline stone; sometimes, cement, slaked lime, fly ash and
other mineral may also be used as filler.
2.1.10 Mineral filler
Mineral powder, based on the main components of calcium carbonate, obtained by fine grinding the
limestone and other alkaline stone, for filler in the asphalt mixtures
2.1.11 Accumulated density
Mass per volume of substance grains (including the volume of grain solid, enclose, open void and
interparticle void); covering dry accumulated density and wet accumulated density
2.1.12 Apparent density
Dry mass per volume of substance grains (including volume of specific mineral component and closed
voids)
2.1.13 Apparent specific gravity
Ratio between the apparent density and the water density at the same temperature
2.1.14 Saturated surface-dry density
Saturated surface-dry mass per volume of substance grains (including all the bulk volume enclosed by the
specific mineral component, closed voids and open voids)
2.1.15 Saturated surface-dry bulk specific gravity
Ratio between the saturated surface-dry density and the water density at the same temperature
2.1.16 Bulk density
Dry mass per volume of substance grains (including all the bulk volume enclosed by the specific mineral
component, closed voids and open voids)
2.1.17 Bulk specific gravity
Ratio between the bulk density and the water density at the same temperature
2.1.18 Polished stone valve
The capacity for the stone resistance to the tyre polished action by the test method, that is, the friction
factor tested by portable pendulum tester after polished the stone
2.1.19 Aggregate impact value
Capacity for stone resistance to the shock load tested by the specified method, after impact test, it is less
than the stone mass percentage of the specified size.
2.1.20 Weared stone value
Capacity for stone resistance to the abrasion effect tested by the specified method, and the measuring
method covers respectively Los Angeles abrasion test, Dodgers abrasion test and Dory abrasion test.
2.1.21 Crushed stone value
Capacity for stone resistance to crushing tested by the specified method, after crushing test, it is less than
the stone mass percentage of the specified size.
2.1.22 Percentage of voids in aggregate
Intergranule void space percentage of aggregate accounting for the total aggregate volume

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 2.1.23 Alkali-aggregate reaction
The phenomena that the cement concrete damaged due to the adverse reaction between the excessive
alkali in the cement or admixture and some active aggregate in the cement concrete
2.1.24 Sand percentage
Sand mass to the total sand and stone mass of cement concrete mixtures, denoting by percentage
2.1.25 Flat and elongated particle in coarse aggregate
It refers to the elongated acicular particle and flat flaky particle in the coarse aggregate. When the ratio
between the minimum thickness (or diameter) of directions and the maximum length (or width) of the particle
shape is less than the specified ratio, it belongs to flat and elongated particle in coarse aggregate.
2.1.26 Standard test sieves
Series sample sifter for sieve test of granularity materials that comply with the standard shape and
dimensions; the standard test sieves mesh is square (square mesh sieve), the screen sizes are 75mm, 63mm,
53mm, 37.5mm, 31.5mm, 26.5mm, 19mm, 16mm, 13.2mm, 9.5mm, 4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 0.6mm,
0.3mm, 0.15mm and 0.075mm in turn. The dimension and technical requirements of various standard test
sieves shall comply with the requirements of Appendix A of this test method.
2.1.27 Maximum size of aggregate
The least screen size of standard test sieves requires 100% passing of aggregate
2.1.28 Nominal maximum size of aggregate
The minimum screen size for standard test sieves allowing all passing or slight non-passing aggregate
(generally, the allowed sieve residue is no more than 10%); usually, it is one grade less than the maximum
size of aggregate
2.1.29 Fineness modulus
Denoting the thickness degree and category of natural sand grain size
2.2 Symbols
Symbols and meanings see Table 1.
Table 1 Symbol and Meanings
Symbols Meaning SymbolsMeanings

βb Bulk specific gravity of aggregate γb Saturated surface-dry bulk specific gravity of

aggregate
ρb Bulk density of aggregate ρ Accumulated density of aggregate

ρa Apparent density of aggregate ω Water ratio of aggregate

γa Apparent specific gravity of aggregate ωx Water absorption of aggregate

ρb Saturated surface-dry density of aggregate ωs Surface water ratio of aggregate

αT Correction factor impact of water temperature upon the water specific gravity WSV Abbreviation of weared stone value

n Percentage of voids in aggregate AAV Aggregate abrasion value (Dory method)

Qe Flat and elongated particle content in coarse aggregate

Qn Silt content of aggregate AIV Abbreviation of aggregate impact value

Qk Clod content of aggregate

Qa Crushing value of coarse aggregate SE Abbreviation of sand equivalent value

PSV Abbreviation of polished stone value MBV Abbreviation of methylene blue value

Mx Fineness modulus of sand

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 3. Coarse Aggregate Test

T 0301-2005 Sampling Method of Coarse Aggregate

1. Scope
This method is not only applicable to sampling of coarse aggregate, but also applicable to sampling
methods of such coarse aggregate mixtures as graded gravel and natural gravel.
2. Sampling method and sample copies

T0301-1 Sampling Method on Belt Conveyer

2.1 The materials through the belt conveyer such as production line of stone pit, cold burden conveyer belt
of asphalt mixer plant, stable aggregate of inorganic binder and graded gravel mixtures shall be sampled from
the belt conveyer. When sampling, one segment of materials (figure T0301-1) may be cut while the belt
conveyer stops suddenly, or be obtained from the end of the belt conveyer continuously in certain time,
compose the samples cut for more than every three times into one group of sample as the representative ones.
2.2 When sampling form the stock pile of the same batch of incoming materials from the yard of material,
the unrepresentative parts at the stock foot shall be rooted out first, and then, obtain some approximately equal
samples from the different evenly distributed parts on the top, middle and bottom of the stock pile, as one
group, and make sure that all the samples obtained could represent the condition and quality of this batch of
incoming materials.
2.3 When sampling from train, automobile and cargo ship, abstract some copies of approximately equal
samples from different parts and depths to compose a group of sample. The specific copies hereof shall be
determined by the representative samples composing this batch.
Note: ① By the observation, if it is believed that the rubble or gravel quality discrepancy of train wagons, automobile or cargo ship are not too
great, one train wagon, one automobile and one cargo ship samples (namely one group of samples) are allowed to be taken to be used as
the representative sample of that batch of aggregate.
② If, by the observation, it is believe that the batch of rubble or gravel quality deviate greatly, the quality skeptical batch of aggregate shall
be sampled and accepted respectively.

2.4 When sampling from the hot bunker of asphalt mixer plant, it shall be sampled from the gross section of

4
the drain hole. Generally, the pots (at least 5 pots) charged according to formal production proportion at the
very start should be rejected, and then, discharge the hot bunkers to the loader, slump into cement ground, mix
properly, and sampling from more than 3 parts, mix evenly, sampling according to the quantity requested.
3. Sampling quantity
For each single test, sampling quantity of each group of samples should be no less than the minimum
sampling quantity specified in Table T0301-1. When several tests shall be made, if the sample after one test
could be ensured to finish the other test without affecting the result, the same group of samples may be used
to make several different tests.
Table T0301-1 the Minimum Sampling Mass of Coarse Aggregate Required for Test Items

Minimum sampling mass (kg) relative to the following nominal maximum size of aggregate (mm)
Test item
4.75 9.5 13.2 16 19 26.5 31.5 37.5 53 63 75

Sieve 8 10 12.5 15 20 20 30 40 50 60 80

Apparent density 6 8 8 8 8 8 12 16 20 24 24

Water ratio 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 6

Water absorption 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 6 6 6 8

Accumulated density 40 40 40 40 40 40 80 80 100 120 120

Silt content 8 8 8 8 24 24 40 40 60 80 80

Clod content 8 8 8 8 24 24 40 40 60 80 80

Flat and elongated particle content 0.6 1.2 2.5 4 8 8 20 40 — — —

Sulfide, sulfate 1.0

Notes: ① Organic content, consistency and crushing index value tests shall be sampled by the specified grade requirements, and the sample
quantity required for the test shall comply with the relevant regulations of this test method.
② When testing the apparent density with wide-mouth bottle method, that with the maximum size of aggregate of no greater than 40mm
shall be sampled at least 8kg.

4. Sample division

Figure T0301-2 Distributor

1-separatory funnel; 2-receiving hopper
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 4.1 Distributor method: mix the sample, see Figure T0301-2, it is divided into two equal copies
approximately through the distributor, and then, take one copy thereof, divide into two copies, divide into the
required quantity.
4.2 Quartation: see Figure T0301-3. Place the samples on the flat slab, mix evenly in a state of nature,
spread frat approximately, and then, unfold the samples from the middle to the sides in two orthogonal
directions, divide it into four equal copies approximately, take the two diagonal copies, mix again, repeat the
above process, until the divided materials is more than that required for the test.

Figure T0301-3 Quartation Schematic Diagram

4.3 The divided sample quantity shall comply with the requirements of specified quantity by tests.
5. Sample packing
Each group of sample shall be packed by container preventing the fines dissipation and pollution, and it
shall be carried out with card to indicate the sample number, sampling time, origin, specification,
representative sample quantity, sample quality, required test items and sampling method.

T 0302-2005 Sieve Test of Coarse Aggregate and Aggregate Mixtures

1. Purpose and scope of application

1.1 Composition of particles for the determination of coarse aggregate (rubble, gravel and slag); the coarse
aggregate for cement concrete may be sieved by dry-sieve method; while the coarse aggregate for asphalt
mixtures and bases must adopt water washing test.
1.2 This method is also applicable to sieve test of aggregate mixtures containing coarse aggregate, fine
aggregate and mineral filler at the same time, such as crush run stone, graded gravel, natural gravel, graded
grit gravel, stabilized base material of inorganic binder, cold burden mixtures of asphalt mixer plant, hot
bunker material and solvent extracted mineral aggregate of asphalt mixtures.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Test sieve: specified standard test sieves shall be adopted upon request.
(2) Sieve shaker
(3) Balance or platform balance: sensibility is no more than 0.1% of the sample mass
(4) Others: plate, shovel, brush and so on.
3. Test preparation
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 Divide the incoming material with distributor or quartation into volume required for the sample specified
in table T0302-1 according to the requirements, air day for standby. Sift it with mesh size of the maximum
size of aggregate upon request to remove the grains greater than the specified size, and then sieve.
Table T0302-1 Sample Mass for Sieving

Nominal maximum size of aggregate (mm) 75 63 37.5 31.5 26.5 19 16 9.5 4.75

Sample mass, no less than (kg) 10 8 5 4 2.5 2 1 1 0.5

4. Dry-sieve method test procedure of coarse aggregate for cement concrete

4.1 Take one sample, place it in the 105℃±5℃oven, dry to the constant weight, weigh the total mass of the
dry aggregate sample (m0), accurate to 0.1%.
4.2 Use the enamel tray as the screening container; screen the aggregate one by one according to screen size
order. When adopting artificial screening, it is necessary to make the aggregate do nonstop sport in horizontal
direction and above-below direction at the same time, so that the aggregate with size less than the mesh may
pass through the mesh hereof, until the aggregate mass passing through the mesh within 1min is less than 1%
of the screen residue; when screening with sieve shaker, it shall be artificially screened in addition after the
sieve shaker screening. Merge the passing grain into the next sieve; screen it together with the next sieve of
sample orderly, until all sieves are screened. Make sure that the mass of aggregate passing through the mesh
within 1min is less than 0.1% of the screen residue.
Note: since the 0.075mm mesh dry sieving can hardly screen out the rock flour less than 0.075mm on the coarse aggregate surface, and for the
coarse aggregate for cement concrete, 0.075mm passing rate has no consequence, so it may not be screened, and the undersize fraction of 0.15mm
mesh shall be used as 0.075mm for sieve residue calculation, suppose the 0.075mm passing rate of coarse aggregate is 0.

4.3 If the aggregate on some sieve is so much that it affects the screening, it may be screened in twice,
When the size of sieve residue aggregate is greater than 19mm, particles could be shifted with figure slightly
in the screening process, but it shall not screen out one by one.
4.4 Weigh the sieve residue on each sieve, accurate to 0.1% of the total mass; the difference between the
total dry mass m0 of the sample before screening, and the sum sieve residue of each sieve shaker and screen
bottom stock shall not exceed 0.5% of m0.
5. Water washing test procedure of coarse aggregate for asphalt mixture and base
5.1 Take one sample, place it in the 105℃±5℃ oven, dry to the constant weight, weigh the total mass of the
dry aggregate (m3), accurate to 0.1%.
Note: the constant weight refers to the former and latter weighing difference is less than the weighing accuracy required by the test in case that
the two adjacent weighing intervals are greater than 3h (generally no less than 6h). The same below

5.2 Place the sample in a clean container, add adequate volume of uncontaminated water, submerge the
aggregate completely, but shall not use any wash, dispersant or surfactant.
5.3 Sufficiently stir the aggregate with stirrer to wash clean the aggregate surface, so that fines suspend
under water, but shall not crush the aggregate or spill any aggregate from water.
5.4 Select aggregate by sizes to form a set of sieves, and its bottom is 0.075mm standard test sieves, top is
2.36mm or 4.75mm sieve. Pour out the suspension mixed with fines from the container, which flows into
another container through the set of sieves; never spill the coarse aggregate as far as possible lest damaging
the standard test sieves surface.
Note: it is unnecessary to spill all the aggregate from the container, but only suspension. And it cannot be directly poured on 0.075mm sieve to
avoid aggregate dropping out of the damaged screen surface.

5.5 Repeat process 5.2~5.4, until the water poured is clean, if necessary, water flow may be adopted to flush
it slowly.
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 5.6 Reclaim all the aggregate in screens and containers of the set of sieves into the enamel tray, and the
container shall not carry any aggregate particle.
Note: fines clung to the 0.075mm screen surface is hard to be reclaimed into the enamel tray, by then, back-off the screen on the enamel tray, flush
and brush the fines into the enamel tray, it shall not be dissipated.

5.7 To ensure that fines are not subject to loss, filter the water accumulated in the enamel tray carefully,
place the enamel tray together with the aggregate in 105℃±5℃oven, dry to the constant weight, weigh the
total mass of the dry aggregate sample (m4), accurate to 0.1%. The difference between m3 and m4 is the
0.075mm undersize fraction.
5.8 Screening the reclaimed dry aggregate into sieve residue more than 0.075mm sieve by the dry sieving
method, by then, 0.075mm undersize fraction shall be 0; if it can screen out, it shall be merged into water
washing 0.075mm undersize fraction, and it shows that water does not clean the aggregate.
6. Calculation
6.1 Computation of screening result with dry-sieve method
6.1.1 Calculate the difference between the sieve residue and screen bottom stock sum and the total dry
mass of sample before screening m0, use it as the loss when screening, and calculate the attrition rate,
recording in Colum (1) of Table T0302-2; if the attrition rate is greater than 0.3%, it shall retest again.
m5=m0-(∑mi+m bottom) (T0302-1)
Where: m5——Loss resulted from screening (g);
m0——Total mass of dry aggregate for dry sieving (g);
mi——Sieve residue of sieves in different numbers (g);
i——Order of 0.075mm and 0.15mm to the maximum size of aggregate;
m bottom——Total mass of aggregate at the screen bottom (less than 0.075mm) (g)
6.1.2 Sieve residue percentage of dry sieve shaker
Sieve residue percentage of various sieves after dry sieving is calculated by formula (T0302-2), recording
in Column (2) of Table T0302-2, accurate to 0.1%.
mi
p 'i = × 100 (T0302-2)
m0 − m5
Where: P’i——Sieve residue percentage of various sieves (%);
m5——Loss resulted from screening (g);
m0——Total mass of dry aggregate for dry sieving (g);
mi——Sieve residue of sieves in different numbers (g);
i——Order of 0.075mm and 0.15mm to the maximum size of aggregate;
6.1.3 Sieve residues percentage of dry sieving
Sieve residue percentage of various sieves is the sum of all the sub sieve residue percentages on the sieve
of that number, recording in Column (3) of Table T0302-2, accurate to 0.1%.
6.1.4 Mass passing rate of various dry sieves
Mass passing rate of various sieves Pi is equal to 100 subtracts sieve residues percentage of that sieve,
recording in Column (4) of Table T0302-2, accurate to 0.1%.
6.1.5 0.075mm sieve passing rate is calculated by screen bottom stock being divided by loss-free total dry
aggregate mass.
6.1.6 Testing results is denoted by the average value of the two tests, recoding to Column (5) of Table
T0302-2, accurate to 0.1%. When difference of two testing results P0.075 exceeds 1%, the test shall be made
again.

8
 Table T0302-2 Screening Records of Dry Sieving Method of Coarse Aggregate
Total mass of dry Group 1 Group 2
Average
sample m0 (g) 3000 3000
Mass on the Sub sieve Sieve Passing rate Mass on the Sub sieve Sieve Passing rate Passing rate
Mesh size (mm) sieve mi (g) residue (%) residues (%) (%) sieve mi (g) residue (%) residues (%) (%) (%)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
19 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 100
16 696.3 23.2 23.2 76.8 699.4 23.3 23.3 76.7 76.7
13.2 431.9 14.4 37.6 62.4 434.6 14.5 37.8 62.2 62.3
9.5 801.0 26.7 64.4 35.6 802.3 26.8 64.6 35.4 35.5
4.75 989.8 33.0 97.4 2.6 985.3 32.9 97.4 2.6 2.6
2.36 70.1 2.3 99.7 0.3 68.5 2.3 99.7 0.3 0.3
1.18 8.2 0.3 100.0 0.0 7.9 0.3 100.0 0.0 0.0
0.6 0.5 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0
0.15 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0
0.075 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0
Screen bottom m bottom 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0
Total mass after
2997.8 100.0 2998.2 100.0
screening ∑mi (g))
Loss m5 (g) 2.2 1.8
Attrition rate (%) 0.07 0.06

6.2 Wet sieving result calculation

6.2.1 Calculate 0.075mm undersize fraction mass m0.075 and content P0.075 of coarse aggregate by
formulas (T0302-3) and (T0302-4), recording to Table T0302-3, accurate to 0.1%. When the difference of two
testing results P0.075 exceeds 1%, the test shall be made again.

m0.075 = m3 − m4 (T0302-3)

m0.075 m3 − m4
p0.075 = = × 100 (T0302-4)
m3 m3
Where: P0.075——Content of coarse aggregate less than 0.075mm (passing rate) (%);
m0.075——That with mass less than 0.075mm obtained by water washing in the coarse aggregate (g);
m3——Total mass of dry coarse aggregate for water washing (g);
m4——Total mass rear dry coarse aggregate after water washing (g);
6.2.2 Calculate the difference between the sieve residue and screen bottom stock sum and the total dry
mass m4 of sample before screening, use it as the loss when screening, and calculate the attrition rate,
recording in Colum (1) of Table T0302-3; if the attrition rate is greater than 0.3%, it shall retest again.
m5=m3-(∑mi+m0.075) (T0302-5)
Where: m5——Loss resulted from screening (g);
m3——Total mass of dry aggregate for water sieving (g);
mi——Sieve residue of various sieves (g);
i——Order of 0.075mm and 0.15mm to the maximum size of aggregate;
m0.075——Mass of aggregate with size of less than 0.075mm after water washing (g), namely (m3-m4)
9
 6.2.3 Calculate the sieve residue percentage, sieve residues percentage, mass passing rate of other sieves,
and the calculation method is identical to dry-sieve method. When the dry sieving losses some screening, it
shall subtract the loss from the total mass specified in the method of 6.1 (see report example), record the
results respectively into Columns (2), (3 and (4) of table T0302-3.
6.2.4 The testing result is denoted by two test average, recording in Column (5) of table T0302-3.
Table T0302-3 Screening Records of Wet Sieving Method of Coarse Aggregate
Group 1 Group 2
Total mass of dry sample m3 (g)
3000 3000
Total mass on the sieve after water washing
2879 2868 Average
m4 (g)
0.075mm undersize mass m0.075 after water
121 132
washing (g)
0.075mm passing rate P0.075 (%) 4.0 4.4 4.2
Sieve Sieve
Mass on the Sub sieve Passing Mass on the Sub sieve Passing Passing
residues residues
Mesh size (mm) sieve mi (g) residue (%) rate (%) sieve mi (g) residue (%) rate (%) rate (%)
(%) (%)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
19 5.0 0.2 0.2 99.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 99.9
16 696.3 23.2 23.4 76.6 680.3 22.7 22.7 77.3 76.9
13.2 882.3 29.4 52.8 47.2 839.2 28.0 50.7 49.3 48.2
9.5 713.2 23.8 76.6 23.4 778.5 26.0 76.7 23.3 23.4
4.75 343.4 11.5 88.1 11.9 348.7 11.6 88.3 11.7 11.8
2.36 70.1 2.3 90.4 9.6 68.3 2.3 90.6 9.4 9.5
1.18 87.5 2.9 93.3 6.7 79.1 2.6 93.2 6.8 6.7
Dry-sieve method
0.6 67.8 2.3 95.6 4.4 59.3 2.0 95.2 4.8 4.6
screening after water
0.3 4.6 0.2 95.7 4.3 4.3 0.1 95.3 4.7 4.5
washing
0.15 5.6 0.2 95.9 4.1 3.8 0.1 95.5 4.5 4.3
0.075 2.3 0.1 96.0 4.0 4 0.1 95.6 4.4 4.2
Screen

[note ] 0 0
bottom mbottom

Total mass after dry

2878.1 96.0 2865.5 95.6
sieving ∑mi(g)
Loss m5(g) 0.9 2.5
Attrition rate (%) 0.03 0.09
Total mass after subtracting the loss (g) 2999.1 2997.5
Note: If the screen bottom m bottom is not 0, it shall be merged into m0.075, and P0.075 shall be recalculated.

7. Report
7.1 The screening result is denoted by mass passing rate of various meshes, it should be recorded in the
form of Table T0302-2 or Table T0302-3.
7.2 The aggregate for asphalt mixture and base material mix design should draw aggregate grading curve,
of which its horizontal coordinate is 0.45 orders (see Table T0302-4), its longitudinal coordinate is ordinary
coordinate, see Figure T0302-1.

10
 Table T0302-4 Horizontal Coordinate of Grading Curve (calculated by x = d i0.45 )
Mesh di(mm) 0.075 0.15 0.3 0.6 1.18 2.36 4.75

Horizontal coordinate x 0.312 0.426 0.582 0.795 1.077 1.472 2.016

Mesh di(mm) 9.5 13.2 16 19 26.5 31.5 37.5

Horizontal coordinate x 2.745 3.193 3.482 3.762 4.370 4.723 5.109

Mass passing rate (%)

Mesh size (mm)

Figure T0302-1 Aggregate Grading Curve and Mineral Aggregate Grade Design Curve
7.3 The same aggregate takes at least two samples to make parallel test, take the average as the testing
result of sieve residue on each number of sieve and report the aggregate grading composition passing rate and
grading curve.

T 0303-2005 Sieve Test of Soil-containing Coarse Aggregate

1. Purpose and scope of application

This method is applicable to determine the particles composition of clay soil-containing coarse aggregate.
Note: For the natural gravel soil, soil aggregate, and materials of middle and low-grade pavement, the
clay soil particles cover the gravel (rubble) and sand particles. The method of T0302 does not applicable to
such materials.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Test sieve: specified standard test sieves shall be adopted upon request.
(2) Balance or platform balance: sensibility is no more than 0.1% of the sample mass
(3) Oven: it may maintain temperature of 105℃±5℃
(4) Container: it may vigorously stirring samples in this container and the sample or water may not lose
(5) Others: plate, shovel, brush and so on.
3. Test preparation
Divide the incoming material with distributor or quartation into volume required for the sample specified
in table T0303-1 according to the requirements, drying or air dry for standby.

11
 Table T0303-1 Mass of Sample for Sieving
Nominal maximum size of aggregate (mm) 75 63 37.5 31.5 26.5 19 16 9.5 4.75

Sample mass, no less than (kg) 10 8 5 4 2.5 2 1 1 0.5

4. Sieve test process of soil-containing coarse aggregate

4.1 Place the sample in the tray, and put them together into 105℃±5℃ oven with constant temperature,
drying for 24h±1h
4.2 Take out sample from the oven, cooling, weighing, and accurate to 0.1% of the sample mass, denoted
by m1 (g)
4.3 Place the sample in the container, inject water in the container, and submerge the sample.
4.4 Vigorously stir the sample and water in the container, so that the particles cling to the coarse grain less
than 0.075mm separate completely and suspend under water.
4.5 When testing the liquid limit and plasticity index of the fine-grained soil, slump suspension in the
container on 0.6mm mesh sieve, a container is placed under the sieve for receiving suspension.
4.6 Reclaim the residue on the sieve into the cleaning container.
4.7 Repeat the above process, until the water in the cleaning container is clean
4.8 Place the clean aggregate into the tray, and place them together into 105℃±5℃ oven with constant
temperature, drying for 8h~12h.
4.9 Take out the sample from the oven, cooling, weighing the mass, accurate to 0.1% of the original sample
mass, denoted by m2 (g). Screening (dry sieving) the sample with methods specified in T 0302.
4.10 Clarify the suspension in the container, so that the fine-grained soil precipitates. In the precipitation
process, spill carefully the fresh water on the top layer by several times, please not to spill precipitate.
4.11 Air drying the fine-grained soil on the container bottom, take out and shatter it, mix evenly, take out
part of it therefrom to make liquid limit and plasticity test.
4.12 Take part of air dried fine-grained soil, place in the 105℃±5℃ oven, dry for 24h±1h, cooling,
weighing 100g, denoting by m3 (g)
4.13 Place the drying fine-grained soil in a container, inject water into the container, vigorously stir the
water and soil in the container, so that the particles less than 0.075mm may separate from the
0.075mm~0.6mm particles
4.14 Dump suspension on the 0.075mm mesh sieve; continue to clean the residue on the screen, until the
undersized lotion is clean.
4.15 Back put the sieve, carefully flush it with water into the tray, place it in the 105℃±5℃ oven, drying
for 8h~12h, cooling and weighing the mass, denoting by m4 (g)
4.16 When it is unnecessary to test the liquid limit and plasticity index of fine-grained soil, suspension may
be directly dumped onto 0.075mm mesh sieve, repeatedly clean the aggregate in the container, until the water
in the container is clean.
4.17 Reclaim the cleaning material on the sieve by methods specified in 4.15, dry them together with the
cleaning material in the container, weighing the mass, denoting by m5 (g)
4.18 Screening the dried aggregate by methods specified in T 0302
5. Sieve test process of aggregate mixture
Determine the 0.075mm undersize fraction content (passing rate) by methods specified in T 0302
6. Calculation
6.1 Calculate the content of particle less than 0.6mm by formula (T0303-1)

12
 m1 − m2
C= × 100 (T0303-1)
m1
Where: C——Content of particle less than 0.6mm (%);
m1——Mass of dried sample (g);
m2——Dried mass of aggregate on 0.6mm mesh sieve (g)
6.2 Calculate the content of particle less than 0.075mm in the fine-grained soil by Formula (T0303-2)
m3 − m4
F' = × 100 (T0303-2)
m3
Where: F——Content of particle less than 0.075mm in the fine-grained soil (%);
m3——Dried mass of fine-grained soil (g);
m4——Dried mass of 0.075mm~0.6mm particle (g)
6.3 Calculate the content of particle less than 0.075mm in the whole aggregate by Formula (T0303-3)

F = C×F' (T0303-3)

Where: F——Content of particle less than 0.075mm in the whole aggregate (%);
6.4 Calculate the content of particle less than 0.075mm in the whole aggregate by Formula (T0303-4)
m1 − m5
G= × 100 (T0303-4)
m1
Where: G——Content of particle less than 0.075mm in the whole aggregate (%);
m5——Dried mass of all the aggregate on 0.075mm mesh sieve (g)

T 0304-2005 Coarse Aggregate Density and Water Absorption Test (Wire-Mesh

Basket Method)

1. Purpose and scope of application

This method is applicable to determine the apparent specific gravity, saturated surface-dry bulk specific
gravity, bulk specific gravity, apparent density, saturated surface-dry density, bulk density and water
absorption of various coarse aggregates.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Balance or soaking balance: suspensible hanging basket determines the aggregate mass in water, the
weighing shall meet the requirements for weighing sample quantity, and the sensibility is no greater than
0.05% of the maximum weighing.
(2) Hanging basket: made of rust protection materials, the diameter and height are about 150mm, it is
made of 1mm~2mm sieve mesh in the surroundings and bottom, or it is provided with dense eyelet.
(3) Overflow trough: it may maintain a certain water gage height when weighing the mass in water.
(4) Oven: it may control temperature to be 105℃±5℃.
(5) Towel: made of purified cotton, clean, and it may also be replaced by purified cotton singlet cloth
(6) Thermometer

13
 (7) Standard test sieves
(8) Water container (such as enamel tray)
(9) Others: brush
3. Test preparation
3.1 Remove the fine aggregate from the sample with standard test sieves, for the coarse aggregate,
screening with 4.75mm sieve, for 2.36mm~4.75mm aggregate, or coarse aggregate mixed in the 4.75mm or
below chips, they shall be screened by 2.36mm standard test sieves, divide with quartation or distributor
method into two copies by the required mass for standby. It shall test respectively the coarse aggregate for
asphalt pavement in different specifications, but shall not mix, the aggregate sample taken thereof shall
basically maintain the original grade. When testing the 2.36mm~4.75mm coarse aggregate, the test process
shall be careful, but shall not lose aggregate.
3.2 The mass of divided coarse aggregate for density and water absorption testing shall be in accordance
with those specified in Table T0304-1.
Table T0304-1 Minimum Mass of Sample for Testing the Density
Nominal maximum size of aggregate (mm) 4.75 9.5 16 19 26.5 31.5 37.5 63 75

Minimum mass of per share of sample (kg) 0.8 1 1 1 1.5 1.5 2 3 3

3.3 Soak all the aggregate samples into water, stir properly, carefully scour off the dust and rock flour clung
to the aggregate surface, repeatedly rinse it until the water is clean. Cleaning process shall not dissipate
aggregate particles.
4. Test procedure
4.1 Take one copy of sample, load in a clean enamel tray, inject clean water, the water surface shall be at
least 20mm tower above the sample, stir slightly to make the air bubble attached to the stone spill completely.
Soaking 24h at room temperature
4.2 Hang the hanging basket by the balance hook, immerge the overflow trough, inject water in the
overflow trough, the spout hole with gage height reaching the trough shall adjust the balance to zero. Sieve
mesh of the hanging basket shall ensure that the aggregate will not run off through the mesh, the
2.36mm~4.75mm coarse aggregate shall be screened by pinhole sieve mesh or a tray shall be put into the
wire-mesh basket.
4.3 Regulate the water temperature within 15℃~25℃. Move the sample to the hanging basket. The gage
height in the overflow trough is controlled by the spout hole of the trough, stable. Weigh the aggregate mass
in water (mw).
4.4 Lift the hanging basket, dribble a little, the coarse aggregate may directly slump into the wring out wet
towel. Take out the thinner coarse aggregate (2.36mm~4.75mm) together with the tray, slightly incline the
enamel tray, carefully spill the surplus water, slump the coarse aggregate into the wring out wet towel, absorb
the free water leaked from the aggregate with towel. This process shall pay special attention to be free of
particle loss, or finely ground particle attaching to the hanging basket. Slightly wipe dry the surface water of
aggregate particles with wring out wet towel, until the surface is imperceptible to bright water trace, namely,
saturate-surface-dry condition of aggregate. When the coarse aggregate size is larger, it should be wiped dry
one by one. Note: for the thicker coarse aggregate, it shall not be exerted when twisting the wet towel to
prevent too dry; for the thinner and water contained coarse aggregate, the towel may be twisted drier. When
wiping surface water on the particles, it shall not only erase the surface water, but shall not suck out the water
inside the particle. The whole process shall not lose any aggregate, and the dried aggregate shall not be placed
in the air continuously to prevent aggregate from drying.
Note: for 2.36mm~4.75mm aggregate, it is easy to attach fine grain aggregate when toweling, and thereby, resulting in aggregate loss, by then,
14
clean purified cotton singlet cloth should be used instead to wipe dry to the saturated surface-dry condition.

4.5 Weighing the saturated surface-dry mass (mf) of aggregate immediately in the saturated surface-dry
condition.
4.6 Place the aggregate on a tray, put them into the 105℃±5℃ oven, drying to constant weight; take out the
tray, place it into a covered container, cooling to room temperature, weighing the drying mass of the aggregate
(ma).
Note: the constant weight refers to the former and latter weighing difference is less than the weighing accuracy test requirement by the test in
case that the two adjacent weighing intervals are less than the accuracy required by the test, namely 0.1%. Generally, the baking time in oven shall not
be less than 4h~6h.

4.7 For aggregate of the same specification, it shall make twice the parallel test; take the average as the test
result.
5. Calculation
5.1 Apparent specific gravity γa, saturated surface-dry bulk specific gravity γs, bulk specific gravity γb are
calculated to be 3 decimal places by formulas (T304-1), (T0304-2) and (T0304-3)
ma
γa = (T0304-1)
ma − mω

mf
γa = (T0304-2)
m f − mω

ma
γb = (T0304—3)
m f − mw

Where: γa——Apparent specific gravity of the aggregate, zero dimension;

γs——Saturated surface-dry bulk specific gravity of aggregate, zero dimension;
γb——Bulk specific gravity of aggregate, zero dimension;
ma——Drying mass of aggregate (g);
mf——Saturated surface-dry mass of aggregate (g);
mw——Inwater mass of aggregate (g);
5.2 Water absorption of aggregate is based on the drying sample, calculated by formula (T0304-4), accurate
to 0.01%.
m f − ma
ωx = (T0304-4)
ma
Where: ωx——Water absorption of coarse aggregate (%)
5.3 Apparent density ρa, saturated surface-dry density ρs and bulk density ρb of coarse aggregate are
calculated by formulas (T0304-5), (T0304-6) and (T0304-7), accurate to 3 decimal places. Apparent density
of coarse aggregate measured at different water temperature shall correct the water temperature; the water
density ρT and water temperature derating factor aT at different test temperatures shall be adopted by
Appendix B.

ρ a = γ a × ρT or ρa =（γ a − α T）× ρ w (T0304-5)

ρ s = γ s × ρT or ρ s =（γ s − αT）× ρ w (T0304-6)

15
 ρb = γ a × ρT or ρb =（γ a − αT）× ρ w (T0304-7)

Where: ρa——Apparent density of coarse aggregate (g/cm3);

ρs——Saturated surface-dry density of coarse aggregate (g/cm3);
ρb——Bulk density of coarse aggregate (g/cm3);
ρT——Water density when test temperature is r, taking by Table B-1 of Appendix B
αT——Correction factor of water temperature when test temperature is T;
ρw——Water density at 4℃ (1.000g/cm3);
6. Accuracy or Permissible Difference
The two testing results' difference of apparent specific gravity; saturated surface-dry bulk specific
gravity and bulk specific gravity shall not exceed 0.02 for the repeated test accuracy; that for the water
absorption exceed 0.2%.

T 0305-1994 Coarse Aggregate Water Ratio Test

1. Purpose and scope of application

Determine the water ratio of rubble or gravel and other coarse aggregates
2. Tools and materials
(1) Oven: it may control temperature to be 105℃±5℃.
(2) Balance: weighing 5kg and the sensibility is no greater than 5g
(3) Container: such as tray
3. Test procedure
3.1 Select the representative sample according to the maximum grain size on the basis of methods specified
in T 0301, dividing it into two shares.
3.2 Place the sample on the clean dirt-free container, weigh the total mass of sample and container (m1), dry
to the constant weight in the 105℃±5℃ oven
3.3 Take out sample, cooling, and then, weigh the total mass of sample and container (m2)
4. Calculation
Water ratio is calculated by formula (T0305-1), accurate to 0.1%
m1 − m2
ω= × 100 (T0305-1)
m2 − m3
Where: ω——Water ratio of coarse aggregate (%);
m1——Total mass of sample and container before drying (g);
m2——Total mass of sample and container after drying (g);
m3——Container mass (g)
5. Report
Use the arithmetic mean value of the two parallel test results as the measured value

16
 T 0306-1994 Water Ratio Short-time Test of Coarse Aggregate (Alcohol

Combustion Method)

1. Purpose and scope of application

Rapid determination for water ratio of rubble or gravel
2. Tools and materials
(1) Balance: weighing 1000g and the sensibility is no greater than 1.0g
(2) Container: iron or aluminium tray
(3) Graduated cylinder or graduate greater than 50mL
(4) Alcohol: ordinary industrial alcohol
3. Test procedure
3.1 Take a clean container, weigh the mass (m0)
3.2 Add about 500g sample into the clean dirt-free container, weigh the total mass of sample and container
(m1)
3.3 Add about 50mL alcohol into the sample in the container, mix evenly, ignite for burning, and mix the
sample continuously, wait for the flame extinguishing, 1min later, add about 50mL alcohol again, and
continue the above processes.
3.4 Wait for the flame extinguishment for the second time, weigh the total mass of the dry sample and
container (m2)
Note: The sample surface shall be dry colored after the two burning; otherwise, it shall be burnt again by adding alcohol.

4. Calculation
Water ratio of coarse aggregate is calculated by formula (T0306-1), accurate to 0.1%
m1 − m2
ω= ×100 (T0306-1)
m2 − m0
Where: ω——Water ratio of coarse aggregate (%);
m0——Container mass (g)
m1——Total mass of sample and container before burning completely (g);
m2——Total mass of sample and container after drying (g);
5. Report
Use the arithmetic mean value of the two parallel test results as the measured value

T 0307-2005 Water Absorption Test of Coarse Aggregate

1. Purpose and scope of application

Test the rubble or gravel water absorption, that is, test the water ratio of saturate-surface-dry condition of
aggregate based on the drying mass
2. Tools and materials
(1) Oven: it may control temperature to be 105℃±5℃
(2) Balance: weighing 5kg and the sensibility is no greater than 5g
17
 (3) Standard test sieves: mesh diameters are 4.75mm, 2.36mm
(4) Others: container, tray, wire brush and towel
3. Test preparation
Screen the selected sample, adopt 4.75mm sieve for the cement concrete aggregate, 2.36mm sieve for
the asphalt mixture aggregate, respectively sift out the particles less than the mesh size; And then, prepare
sample according to methods specified in T 0301, divide it into two shares, and for standby after being
cleaned by scratch brush
4. Test procedure
4.1 Take one share of sample, place it in a water-contained container, make the water surface be about 5mm
higher than the surface, after 24h, take out the sample from water, and slightly wipe dry the water content on
the particle surface with wring out wet towel, namely, the saturated surface-dry sample. Immediately place the
sample hereof in the tray for weighing (m2); in the whole test process, the water temperature must be kept to
be 20℃±5℃.
4.2 Place the saturated surface-dry sample together with the tray into the 105℃±5℃ oven, drying to
constant weight; take out the tray, place it into a covered container, cooling for more than 1h, weighing the
total mass of the drying sample and tray (m1).
5. Calculation
Water absorption is calculated by formula (T0307-1), accurate to 0.01%
m2 − m1
ωx = × 100 (T0307-1)
m1 − m3
Where: ωx——Water absorption of aggregate (%);
m1——Total mass of drying sample and tray (g);
m2——Total mass of saturated surface-dry sample and tray before drying (g);
m3——Mass of tray (g);
6. Report
Use the arithmetic mean value of the two parallel test results as the measured value

T 0308-2005 Coarse Aggregate Density and Water Absorption Test (Volumetric

Flask Method)

1. Purpose and scope of application

1.1 This method is applicable to determine the apparent specific gravity, saturated surface-dry bulk specific
gravity, bulk specific gravity, and apparent density, and saturated surface-dry density, bulk density and water
absorption of rubble, gravel and various coarse aggregates.
1.2 The result tested by this method is not applicable to theoretical density computation of arbitration and
asphalt mixture mix design.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Balance or soaking balance: suspensible hanging basket determines the aggregate mass in water, the
weighing shall meet the requirements for weighing sample quantity, and the sensibility is no greater than
0.05% of the maximum weighing.

18
 (2) Volumetric flask: 1000mL or ground wide-mouth glass bottle may be used to replace it, and carried
out sheet glass
(3) Oven: it may control temperature to be 105℃±5℃.
(4) Standard test sieves: mesh diameters are 4.75mm, 2.36mm
(5) Others: brush, towel
3. Test preparation
3.1 Screen the selected sample, adopt 4.75mm sieve for the cement concrete aggregate, 2.36mm sieve for
the asphalt mixture aggregate, respectively sift out the particles less than the mesh size And then, divide it to
the mass required by Table T0308-1 with quartation or distributor method, divide into two shares for standby
Table T0308-1 the Minimum Mass of Sample for Testing the Density
Nominal maximum size of aggregate (mm) 4.75 9.5 16 19 26.5 31.5 37.5 63 75

Minimum mass of per sample (kg) 0.8 1 1 1 1.5 1.5 2 3 3

3.2 Soak all the aggregate samples into water, stir properly, carefully scour off the dust and rock flour clung
to the aggregate surface, repeatedly rinse it until the water is clean. Cleaning process shall not dissipate
aggregate particles.
4. Test procedure
4.1 Take one sample, load in the volumetric flask (wide-mouth bottle), inject in the clean water (drop
several drops of detergent), the surface towers above sample; slightly shake the volumetric flask, so that the
air bubble attached to the stone spills. Cover the sheet glass, soaking 24h at room temperature
Note: the water temperature shall be within 15℃~25℃, in the last 2h of soaking, the water temperatures difference shall not exceed 2℃

4.2 Add water into the flask until the surface expose of the flask neck, cover the volumetric flask plug, or
slide the sheet glass promptly along the wide-mouth bottle neck, so that it clings to the bottle neck surface.
The sheet glass and surface shall not have gap.
4.3 Make sure whether the bottle has air bubble, wipe dry the water outside the bottle, and weight the total
mass (m2) of aggregate sample, water, bottle and sheet glass
4.4 Pour the sample into the shallow enamel tray, slightly incline the enamel tray, pour out the running
water, absorb the leaked free water with towel; when necessary, weigh the mass of sample with surface water
(m4)
4.5 Slightly wipe dry the surface water of aggregate particles with wring out wet towel, until the surface is
imperceptible to bright water trace, namely the saturate-surface-dry condition of aggregate. When the coarse
aggregate dimension is larger, wipe dry it one by one. Note: do not exert when twisting the wet towel to
prevent too dry twisting. When wiping the surface water of the particle, it shall not only erase the surface
water, but shall not suck out the water inside the particle. The whole process shall not have aggregate loss.
4.6 Immediately weigh the saturated surface-dry mass of the saturated surface-dry aggregate (m3)
4.7 Place the aggregate on a tray, put them into the 105℃±5℃ oven, drying to constant weight; take out the
tray, place it into a covered container, cooling to room temperature, weighing the drying m0ss of the
aggregate (m0).
Note: the constant weight refers to the former and latter weighing difference is less than the weighing accuracy laboratory requirement by the
laboratory in case that the two adjacent weighing intervals are less than the accuracy required by the laboratory, namely 0.1%. Generally, the baking
time in oven shall not be less than 4h~6h.

4.8 Clean the bottle, load uncontaminated water again, cover the volumetric flask plug, or cling to the
wide-mouth bottle neck surface with sheet glass. The sheet glass and surface shall not have gap. Make sure
that the bottle is free of air bubble, wipe dry the water outside the bottle, weigh the total mass of water, bottle
and sheet glass (m1)

19
 5. Calculation
5.1 Apparent specific gravity γa, saturated surface-dry bulk specific gravity γs and bulk specific gravity γb
are calculated to 3 decimal places by formulas (T0308-1), (T0308-2) and (T0308-3).
m0
γa = (T0308-1)
m0 + m1 − m2

m3
γs = (T0308-2)
m3 + m1 − m2

m0
γb = (T0308-3)
m3 + m1 − m2
Where: γa——Apparent specific gravity of the aggregate, zero dimension;
γs——Saturated surface-dry bulk specific gravity of aggregate, zero dimension;
γb——Bulk specific gravity of aggregate, zero dimension;
m0——Drying mass of aggregate (g);
m1——Total mass of water, bottle and sheet glass (g);
m2——Total mass of aggregate sample, water, bottle and sheet glass (g);
m3——Saturated surface-dry mass of aggregate (g);
5.2 Water absorption of aggregate ωx and water ratio ω are based on the drying sample, calculated by
formulas (T0308-4) and (T0308-5), accurate to 0.1%.
m3 − m0
ωx = ×100 (T0308-4)
m0

m4 − m0
ω= ×100 (T0308-5)
m0
Where: m4——Wet mass of surface water-contained aggregate at saturated state (g);
ωx——Water absorption of aggregate (%);
ω——Water ratio of aggregate (%)
5.3 When the cement concrete aggregate must calculate the water absorption ωx of aggregate based on the
saturated surface-dry sample, it shall be calculated by formula (T0308-6), accurate to 0.1%, but it shall be
indicated in the report
m3 − m0
ωx = ×100 (T0308-6)
m3
Where: ωx——Water absorption of aggregate (%);
5.4 Apparent density ρa, saturated surface-dry density ρs and bulk density ρb of the coarse aggregate are
calculated to 3 decimal places by formulas (T0308-7), (T0308-8) and (T0308-9)
ρ a = γ a × ρT or ρ a = (γ a − α T ) × ρ w (T0308-7)

ρ s = γ a × ρT or ρ s = (γ a − αT ) × ρ w (T0308-8)

ρb = γ a × ρT or ρb = (γ a − αT ) × ρ w (T0308-9)
20
Where: ρa——Apparent density of coarse aggregate (g/cm3);
ρs——Saturated surface-dry density of coarse aggregate (g/cm3);
ρb——Bulk density of aggregate (g/cm3);
ρT——Water density when test temperature is T (g/cm3), taking by Table B-1 of Appendix B
αT——Correction factor of water temperature when test temperature is T, taking by Table B-1 of
Appendix B
ρw——Water density at 4℃ (1.000g/cm3);
6. Accuracy or Permissible Difference
The two testing results' difference of apparent specific gravity; saturated surface-dry bulk specific gravity
and bulk specific gravity shall not exceed 0.02 for the repeated test accuracy; that for the water absorption
exceed 0.2%.

T 0309-2005 Accumulated Density and Voidage Test of Coarse Aggregate

1. Purpose and scope of application

Test the accumulated density of the coarse aggregate, including accumulated densities at natural
accumulated condition, vibration compaction condition and tamping condition, and the voidage at
accumulated condition.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Balance or platform balance: sensibility is no more than 0.1% of the sample mass
(2) Graduated cylinder: applicable to graduated cylinder for testing accumulated density of coarse
aggregate, which shall be in accordance with those specified in Table T0309-1?
(3) Sharpshooter
Table T0309-1 Specification Requirements of Graduated Cylinder
Nominal Specification of graduated cylinder (mm)
Capacity of
maximum size of Thickness of the
graduated
coarse aggregate Inside diameter Net height Base thickness tunnel wall (mm)
cylinder (L)
(mm)
≤4.75 3 155±2 160±2 5.0 2.5
9.5~26.5 10 205±2 305±2 5.0 2.5
31.5-37.5 15 255±5 295±5 5.0 3.0
≥53 20 355±5 305±5 5.0 3.0
(4) Oven: it may control temperature to be 105℃±5℃.
(5) Vibration table: frequency is 3000 times/min± 200times/min; amplitude under load is 0.35mm and
that under no-load is 0.5mm
(6) Tamper: steel bar in diameter of 16mm, length of 600mm and with one end of round head
3. Test preparation
Sampling and cutting down according to method specified in T 0301, the mass shall comply with the test
requirements, dry in a 105℃±5℃oven, it may be spread on clean ground for air dry, mix evenly and divide
into two shares for standby.
4. Test procedure
4.1 Natural accumulated density

21
 Take one sample, place on the smooth and clean cement ground (or iron plate); scoop up sample with
sharpshooter, so that the pebble freely falls into the graduated cylinder. By then, the distance from the full
mouth of spade to the graduated cylinder upper port shall be kept to be about 50mm; fill the graduated
cylinder, remove the particles exposed out of the nozzle surface, and fill the recessed gap with appropriate
particles, so that the volume of exposed part and recessed part are approximately equal, weigh the total mass
of the sample and graduated cylinder (m2)
4.2 Vibration density
Place the sample-filled graduated cylinder on the vibration table according to accumulated density test
procedures, vibrate for 3min, or load the sample into the graduated cylinder in three layers: after loading one
layer, pad a stick of round bar in diameter of 25mm at the bottom of the cylinder, pin the cylinder,
alternatively hit the ground 25 times; and then, load the second layer, compact with the same method (but the
padding bar direction shall be perpendicular to that of the first layer placing direction); and then, load the third
layer, compact with the above methods. After loading the three layers, charge until the sample expose out of
the graduated cylinder mount, roll with bar along the nozzle edge, scrape the particle expose of the nozzle, fill
and level up the recession with appropriate particles, so that the volumes of the surface exposed part and
recessed art are approximately equal, weigh the total mass of the sample and graduated cylinder (m2).
4.3 tamping density
Determine the critical mesh (generally 4.75mm or 2.36mm) for framework according to type and nominal
maximum aggregate size of the asphalt mixture; Screen out the particle greater than the mesh from the
mineral aggregate mixtures, as sample to load it to 1/3 of the height of the standard container, evenly tamp 25
times from the side to middle with tamper. Load 1/3 height of sample to the container, evenly tamp 25 times
with tamper, the tamping depth is about to the lower layer surface. And then, repeat the above process, add the
last layer, tamp 25 times, so that the aggregate may be flush with vessel mouth. Fill the large gap on the
surface with appropriate aggregate, strike off with ruler generally, eye estimate that the volume of the exposed
part and the recessed part are approximately equal, weigh the total mass of the graduated cylinder and sample
(m2)
4.4 Calibration for capacity of graduated cylinder
Fill in the graduated cylinder with water, measure the water temperature, wipe dry the water outside the
cylinder, weigh the total mass of the graduated cylinder and water (mw), and calibrate the capacity of the
graduated cylinder according to water density
5. Calculation
5.1 Capacity of the graduated cylinder is calculated by formula (T0309-1)
m − m1
V= w (T0309-1)
ρT
Where: V——Capacity of graduated cylinder (L);
m1——Mass of graduated cylinder (kg);
mw——Total mass of graduated cylinder and water (kg);
ρT——Water density when test temperature is T (g/cm3), taking by Table B-1 of Appendix B
5.2 Accumulated density (including accumulated densities at natural accumulated condition, vibration
compaction condition and tamping condition) is calculated to 3 decimal places by formula (T0309-2).
m2 − m1
ρ= (T0309-2)
V
Where: ρ——Accumulated density correspondent to various conditions (t/m3);
m1——Mass of graduated cylinder (kg);

22
 m2——Total mass of graduated cylinder and sample (kg);
V——Capacity of graduated cylinder (L);
5.3 Voidage of coarse aggregate for cement concrete at vibration compaction condition is calculated by
formula (T0309-3).
ρ
Vc = (1 − ) × 100 (T0309-3)
ρa
Where: Vc——Voidage of coarse aggregate for cement concrete (%);
ρa——Apparent density of coarse aggregate (t/m3);
ρ——Accumulated density of coarse aggregate tested by vibro-compressor method (t/m3)
5.4 Voidage of coarse aggregate for asphalt mixture at framework tamping condition is calculated by
formula (T0309-4).
ρ
VCADRC = (1 − ) × 100 (T0309-4)
ρb
Where: VCADRC——Percent air voids in coarse aggregate at tamping condition (%);
ρb——Bulk density of coarse aggregate tested according to T0304 (t/m3);
ρ——Natural accumulated density of coarse aggregate tested according to tamping method (t/m3)
6. Report
Use the arithmetic mean value of the two parallel test results as the measured value

T 0310-2005 Silt Content and Clod Content Test of Coarse Aggregate

1. Purpose and scope of application

Test the total content of dust, silt and clay less than 0.075 in the rubble or gravel and content of clod
particles over 4.75mm
2. Tools and materials
(1) Balance or platform balance: sensibility is no more than 0.1% of the sample mass
(2) Oven: it may control temperature to be 105℃±5℃.
(3) Standard test sieves: when testing the clay content, use two square mesh sieves, one with mesh
diameter of 1.18mm and the other with diameter of 0.075mm; when testing the clod content, use two square
mesh sieves, one with mesh diameter of 2.36mm and the other with diameter of 4.75mm.
(4) Container: barrel or enamel tray with capacity of about 10L
(5) Tray and brush
3. Test preparation
Sampling according to T 0301 method, divide the sample into the mass specified by table T0310-1 with
quartation or distributor method (pay attention to prevent fines from losing and clay chunks from crushing),
place in a 105℃±5℃oven, dry to the constant weight, cool down to the room temperature, and then, divide
into two shares for standby.
Table T0310-1 Minimum Mass of Sample Required for the Silt Content and Clod Content Test
Nominal maximum size of aggregate (mm) 4.75 9.5 16 19 26.5 31.5 37.5 63 75

Minimum mass of the sample (kg) 1.5 2 2 6 6 10 10 20 20

23
 4. Test procedure
4.1 Silt content test procedure
4.1.1 Weigh one share of sample (m0), load into the container, watering, soak 24h, elutriate particles by
hand in water (or scrub by brush), so that the dust and clay may be separate from the thicker particles, so it
suspends in water; slowly pour the turbid liquid into the 1.18mm and 0.075mm set of sieves, filter the
particles less than 0.075mm.Both sides of the sieve before testing shall be wet by water, in the whole test
process, it shall pay attention to not loss the particles greater than 0.075mm.
4.1.2 Add water into the container again; repeat the above process, until the water is clean.
4.1.3 Wash the remained granule on the sieve, place the 0.075mm sieve in water (make the water surface
be higher above the particle a bit), shake to completely clean the particles less than 0.075mm, and then, load
the remained particle on the sieve and clean sample in the container together into the tray, place in a
105℃±5℃oven, dry to the constant weight, take out it, cool down to the room temperature, weigh the sample
mass (m1).
4.2 Clod content test procedure
4.2.1 Take one share of sample
4.2.2 Screen the sample with 4.75mm sieve, sift out the particle less than 4.75mm, and weigh the sample
mass (m2)
4.2.3 Spread the sample in the container, watering to make the water surface tower above the sample
surface, after 24h, drain the water, press the clod with hand, and then, wash the sample on a 2.36mm sieve by
water, until the water is clean
4.2.4 Carefully take out sample on the 2.36mm sieve, place in a 105℃±5℃oven, dry to the constant
weight, cooling to the room temperature, take out the sample and weigh it (m3)
5. Calculation
5.1 Silt content of rubble or gravel is calculated by formula (T0310-1), accurate to 0.1%
m0 − m1
Qn = × 100 (T0310-1)
m0
Where: Qn——Silt content of rubble or gravel (%);
m0——Mass of dried sample before test (g);
m1——Mass of dried sample after test (g);
Take the two tests' arithmetic mean value as the measured value, when the difference between two results
exceeds 0.2%, it shall be re-sampling to make test again. The silt content of the aggregate for asphalt
pavement is recorded as the content of particle less than 0.075mm.
5.2 Clay clod content of rubble or gravel is calculated by formula (T0310-2), accurate to 0.1%
m2 − m3
Qk = ×100 (T0310-2)
m2
Where: Qk——Clay clod content of rubble or gravel (%);
m2——Residue of 4.75mm sieve (g);
m3——Mass of dried sample after test (g);
Take the arithmetic mean value of the two test results for the two samples as the measured value, when
the difference of the two results exceeds 0.1%, test shall be made again by re-sampling.

24
 T 0311-2005 Flat and Elongated Particle Content Test in Coarse Aggregate for

Cement Concrete (Gauge Device Method)

1. Purpose and scope of application

1.1 This method is applicable to determine the flat and elongated particle content of coarse aggregate over
4.75mm for cement concrete, calculating by percentage.
1.2 The flat and elongated particle in coarse aggregate tested by this method refers to the particles with ratio
between the dimension in minimum thickness (or diameter) direction of coarse aggregate particle tested by
special gauge device and the dimension in the maximum length (or width) of less than a certain proportion.
1.3 Flat and elongated particle content in coarse aggregate tested by this method may be used for evaluating
the shape of aggregate and its applicability in engineering.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Flat and elongated gauge device of cement concrete aggregate sees Figure T0311-1 and Figure
T10311-2; thickness of steel plate substrate of flat gauge device is 3mm, the dimension shall be in accordance
with those specified in Table T0311-1.

Figure T0311-1 Elongated Gauge Device (Dimensional Unit: mm)

Figure T10311-2 Flat Gauge Device (Dimensional Unit: mm)

Table T0311-1 Grade Classification and the Width or Interval of Corresponding Gauge Device Hole of Flat and Elongated
25
 Particle in Coarse Aggregate Test of Cement Concrete Aggregate
Grade (square mesh sieve) (mm) 4.75~9.5 9.5~16 16~19 19~26.5 26.5~31.5 31.5~37.5

17.1 30.6 42.0 54.6 69.6 82.8

Corresponding upright posts' interval width on the elongated gauge device (mm)
(B1) (B2) (B3) (B4) (B5) (B6)
2.8 5.1 7.0 9.1 11.6 13.8
Corresponding hole width on the flat gauge device (mm)
(A1) (A2) (A3) (A4) (A5) (A6)

(2) Balance or platform balance: sensibility is no more than 0.1% worth the sample mass
(3) Standard test sieves: bore diameters are 4.75mm, 9.5mm, 16mm, 19mm, 26.5mm, 31.5mm, 37.5mm
respectively; adopted upon request when testing
3. Test preparation
Air dry the sample indoors to dry tack free, divide it to the mass specified in Table T0311-2 with
quartation or distributor method, weigh the sample thereof (m0), and then, screen it into grade specified by
Table T0311-2 for standby.
Table T0311-2 Minimum Mass of Sample required for the Flat and Elongated Particle Test
Nominal maximum size of aggregate (mm) 9.5 16 19 26.5 31.5 37.5 37.5 37.5

Minimum mass of the sample (kg) 0.3 1 2 3 5 10 10 10

4. Test procedure
4.1 Sought out the regular particle similar to cube by visual measurement, verify elongated piece of the
aggregate sample which may belong to flat and elongated particle in coarse aggregate with gauge device
according to grade specified in table T0311-2 one by one, sought out the particle with length of greater than
corresponding interval on the elongated gauge device, it is the elongated particles thereof.
4.2 Verify the flat particles of sample which does not belong to elongated particles through the
corresponding interval on the elongated gauge device one by one, sought out the particles with thickness of
less than the corresponding hole width on the flat gauge device, it is the flat particles thereof.
4.3 Weigh the sought elongated particles and flat particles by grades, and the total mass is m1.
5. Calculation
Flat and elongated particle content of rubble or gravel is calculated by formula (T0311-1), accurate to
0.1%
m1
Qe = ×100 (T0311-1)
m0
Where: Qe——Flat and elongated particle content in coarse aggregate (%)
m1——Total mass of elongated and flat particles in coarse aggregate (g);
m0——Total sample mass (g)
Note: if required, elongated particle and flat particle content percentage may be calculated respectively.

T 0312-2005 Flat and Elongated Particle Content Test in Coarse Aggregate

(Vernier Calipers Method)

1. Purpose and scope of application

1.1 This method is applicable to determine the acicular and flaky particle content of coarse aggregate,
26
calculating by percentage.
1.2 The flat and elongated particle in coarse aggregate tested by this method refers to the particles with ratio
between the dimension in minimum thickness (or diameter) direction of coarse aggregate particle tested by
vernier calipers and the dimension in the minimum thickness (or diameter) of greater than 3 times. When
other proportions shall be adopted upon special requirement, it shall be indicated in the test report.
1.3 The flat and elongated particle content in coarse aggregate tested by this method may be used to
evaluate the aggregate shape and resistance to crushing, so as to evaluate the production-level and material
applicability in the engineering of that stone manufacturing plant.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Standard test sieves: mesh diameter is 4.75mm;
(2) Vernier calipers: accuracy is 0.1mm
(3) Balance: sensibility is no greater than 1g;
3. Test procedure
3.1 Collect coarse aggregate sample according to method specified in T0301 of this test method.
3.2 Select about 1kg sample by distributor method or quartation; for each size coarse aggregate, samples
shall be taken respectively for test in accordance with different nominal grain size.
3.3 Screen the sample with 4.75mm standard test sieves, take the sample on the sieve for test, weigh the
total sample mass m0, the sample quantity shall be no less than 800g and be no less than 100 granules.
Note: 2.36mm~4.75mm coarse aggregate is generally not tested because the calliper is hard to measure.

3.4 Spread the sample on the desk, firstly measure by eyes to sought out the particles similar to cube, the
rest may belong to flaky (flat) and acicular (elongated) particles.
3.5 Place the would-be tested particle on the table according to Figure T0312-1 into a stable state, the
maximum length of the particle plane direction in the figure is L, maximum size of the side thickness is t, the
maximum width of particle is w (t<w<L), test the stone L and t one by one with callipers, sought out particles
with L/t≥3 (that is the particles with the ratio between the dimensions in the maximum length direction and
maximum thickness direction of greater than 3) respectively as the flat and elongated particle in coarse
aggregate. Weigh the mass m1 of flat and elongated particle in coarse aggregate, accurate to 1g
Note: the stable state refers to horizontal state, but not upright; the maximum size t of side thickness is the thickness from the particle top to the
platform, see the figure, and it is measured from the thinnest side, but not the thickness of the thinnest part of the particle

4. Calculation
Calculate the flat and elongated particle content in coarse aggregate by formula (T0312-1)

Side elevation
Level

Plan

Figure T0312-1 Stable State of Flat and Elongated Particle in Coarse Aggregate

27
 m1
Qe = ×100 (T0312-1)
m0
Where: Qe——Flat and elongated particle content in coarse aggregate (%)
m0——Total mass of aggregate for test (g);
m1——Mass of flat and elongated particle in coarse aggregate (g);
5. Report
5.1 The test shall be made parallel twice to calculate the average value of the two results. If the difference
between the two results is less than 20% of the average value, it may be used as the test value; if the
difference is greater than or equal to 20%, it shall be test once again; the average value of the three test results
shall be used as the measured value.
5.2 Test report shall report the kind, origin, rock name and function of aggregate.

T 0313-1994 Organic Content Test of Coarse Aggregate

1. Purpose and scope of application

Test the organic content of gravel with colorimetry
2. Tools and materials
(1) Balance: sensibility is no more than 0.1% of the sample mass
(2) Graduated cylinder: 100mL, 250mL, 1000mL respectively
(3) Caustic soda dissolving: mass ratio of sodium hydroxide to distilled water is 3:97
(4) Others: tannin, alcohol, beaker, glass rod and 19mm standard test sieves
3. Test preparation
3.1 Sample preparation: sift out particles over 19mm from the sample, the rest are divided into 1kg by
quartation or distributor method, air dry for standby
3.2 The preparation method of standard solution: take 2g tannin powder, dissolve in a 98mL 10% alcoholic
solution, the required tan pickle is obtained thereof. And then, take 2.5mL solution, inject in 97.5mL caustic
soda dissolving with concentration of 3%, plug in, vigorously shake, stand 24h, and the standard solution is
obtained thereof.
4. Test procedure
4.1 Pour dry sample in the 1000mL graduated cylinder until 600mL scale, inject caustic soda dissolving
with concentration of 3% to the 800mL scale, vigorously stir, stand 24h
4.2 Compare the top solution color with the new prepared standard solution, the graduated cylinder
containing standard solution and that containing sample shall be identical in specification.
5. Result evaluation
If the color of top solution is lighter than that of the standard solution, the organic content of sample is
qualified; if the two solutions' colors are similar, the sample (including the top solution) shall be poured into
beaker, put in 60℃~70℃ tank, heat for 2h~3h, and then, compare its color with that of the standard solution,
if the solution color is deeper than the standard color, it shall be prepared into concrete for test again.

28
 T 0314-2000 Coarse Aggregate Consistency Test

1. Purpose and scope of application

This method aims to determine the performance that after several soaking and drying cycles by saturated
sodium sulfate solution, the rubble or gravel could bear the sodium sulfate crystallization pressure and
without obvious destruction or strength reduction, this is a method for the determination of stone consistency
performance (or stability).
2. Tools and materials
(1) Oven: it may control temperature to be 105℃±5℃.
(2) Balance: weighing 5kg and the sensibility is no greater than 1g
(3) Standard test sieves: adopted according to sample grade and table T0314-1
Table T0314-1 Mass of Different Grades of Sample Required for the Consistency Test
Nominal grade (mm) 2.36~4.75 4.75~9.5 9.5~19 19~37.5 37.5~63 63~75

Sample mass (g) 500 500 1000 1500 3000 5000

Notes: ① Samples with grade of 9.5mm~19mm shall contain 40% of the particles with grade of 9.5mm~16mm and 60% of the particle with
grade of 16mm~19mm.
② Samples with grade of 9.5mm~37.5mm shall contain 40% of the particles with grade of 9.5mm~31.5mm and 60% of the particle
with grade of 31.5mm~37.5mm.

(4) Container: vitreous enamel basin or porcelain jar, capacity is no less than 50L
(5) Three-pin wire-mesh basket: outside diameter of the wire-mesh basket is 100mm, height is 150mm,
made of copper grid or stainless steel wire with mesh diameter of no greater than 2.36mm; when testing the
37.5mm~75mm particles, wire-mesh basket with outside diameter and height of 250mm shall be adopted.
(6) Reagent: anhydrous sodium sulfate and sodium sulfate decahydrate (for industrial use).
3. Test preparation
3.1 Preparation of sodium sulfate solution
Take a certain amount of distilled water (depending on the sample and container size), heat up to
30℃~50℃, add 300g~350g anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) or 700g~1000g sodium sulfate decahydrate
(Na2SO4·10H2O), stir with glass rod to make it dissolve and saturate, and then, cool down to 20℃~25℃;
stand 48h at this temperature, the specific gravity shall be kept within 1.151~1.174 (Baume is 18.9~21.4).
When testing, the container bottom shall be without crystallization.
3.2 Preparation of Sample
Rating the sample according to provisions specified in Table T0314-1, clean, place in a 105℃±5℃oven,
dry 4h, take out, cool down to the room temperature, and then, weigh the mass mi of different grades of
samples according to table T0314-1.
4. Test procedure
4.1 Load the samples of different grades into three-pin wire-mesh basket respectively, immerge in the
sodium sulfate solution container, the solution volume shall be no less than 5 times of the total sample volume,
the temperature shall be kept within 20℃~25℃; when the three-pin wire-mesh basket immerging in the
solution, it shall be hoist up-and-down 25 times to remove the air bubble in the sample, and then, stand in a
container; by then, the wire-mesh basket bottom surface shall be about 30mm away from the container bottom
(controlled by the wire-mesh basket foot height), the interval between wire-mesh baskets shall be no less than
30mm and the sample surface shall be at least 30mm under the solution level.
4.2 Soaking 20h, lift the wire-mesh basket out of the solution, place in a 105℃±5℃ oven, bake 4h, by then,
29
the first test cycle is finished. Wait for the sample cooling to 20℃~25℃, the second test cycle begins; since
the second test cycle, the soaking and baking time may be 4h.
4.3 After completing 5 cycles, place the sample in 25℃~30℃fresh water, clean the sodium sulfate, and
then, put it in a 105℃±5℃ oven, dry to the constant weight, cooling to the room temperature, screen with
lower grade limit mesh of sample, weigh the sieve residue mi after various grades of sample test.
Note: whether the sodium sulfate in the sample is clean may be tested by the following method: take several milliliters of water for washing the
sample, drip a little barium chloride (BaCl2) solution, if without white precipitation, it shows that the sodium sulfate has been cleaned.

4.4 For the sample with size greater than 19mm, the particle quantity before and after test shall be recorded
respectively, and make appearance inspection to describe the particle cracking, stripping, edge and arris
defects, and the occupied particle quantity, so as to use it as the supplement criteria for consistency analysis.
5. Calculation
5.1 Mass loss percentages of various grades of particles of sample is calculated by formula (T0314-1)
mi − m 'i
Qi = × 100 (T0314-1)
mi
Where: Qi——Mass loss percentages of various of grades of particles (%);
mi——Drying mass before various grades of sample test (g)
m'i——Drying mass of various grades of sieve residue particles after the sodium sulfate solution method
test (g)
5.2 The total mass loss percentage of samples is calculated by formula (T0314-2), accurate to 1%.

Q=
∑ mi
Qi
(T0314-2)
∑ mi

Where: Q——Total mass loss percentage of samples (%);

mi——Masses of various grades of samples, g;
Qi——Mass loss percentages of various of grades of particles (%);

T 0316-2005 Coarse Aggregate Crush Value Test

1. Purpose and scope of application

Aggregate crush value is used to measure the capability for stone resistance to crush under crescent load,
and it is an index for measuring the mechanical property of stone to evaluate the applicability in highway
engineering
2. Tools and materials
(1) Crushed stone value tester: consist of steel round test cylinder, compression leg and bottom slab with
inside diameter of 150mm and open-ended, the shape and dimension see Figure T0316-1 and Table T0316-1.
The upper surface of test cylinder inner wall, compression leg bottom and bottom slab contacting with the
stone shall be heat treated, to harden the surface to reach the diamond pyramid hardness 65℃, and maintain
lubricate state.

30
 Figure T0316-1 Crush Index Value Tester (Dimensional Unit: mm)
Table T0316-1 Dimensions of Test Cylinder, Compression Leg and Bottom Slab
Parts Symbols Name Grid dimension (mm)

A Inside diameter 150±0.3

Test cylinder B Height 125~128
C Wall thickness ≥12

D Indenter diameter 149±0.2

E Strut diameter 100~149
Compression leg
F Total length of compression leg 100~110
G Indenter thickness ≥25

H Diameter 200~220
Bottom slab I Thickness (center section) 6.4±0.2
J Edge thickness 10±0.2

(2) Metal rod: diameter is 10mm, length is 450mm~600mm, and one end is processed into semisphere
(3) Balance: weigh 2kg~3kg, and the sensibility is no greater than 1g
(4) Standard test sieves: three square mesh sieves with mesh sizes of 13.2mm, 9.5mm, 2.36mm
respectively
(5) Pressing machine: 500kN, it shall reach 400kN within 10min
(6) Metal tube: cylindrical, inside diameter is 112.0mm, height is 179.4mm, capacity is 1767cm3.
3. Test preparation
3.1 Screen the air dry stone with 13.2mm and 9.5mm standard test sieves, take three groups of
9.5mm~13.2mm sample, 3000g for each, for the test. When it is so wet that it requires heating and drying, the
oven temperature shall not exceed 100℃ and the drying time shall not exceed 4h. Before testing, the stone
shall be cooled down to the room temperature.
3.2 Stone quantity of test for each time shall comply with the following methods; tamp the stone to 100mm
depth in the test cylinder.
The method for determination of stone quantity in the metal cylinder is as follows:
Load the sample in the die trial evenly in three times (quantities of each time are generally the same),
level the sample surface and evenly tamp the hemisphere surface end 25 times with metal rod. At last, level
the surface carefully with metal rod as the straight drawknife; weigh the sample mass in the graduated

31
cylinder (m0); use the same mass of sample to make the crush value parallel test
4. Test procedure
4.1 Put the test cylinder on the bottom slab
4.2 Load the sample with required mass in the die trial evenly in three times (quantities of each time are
generally the same), level the sample surface and evenly tamp the hemisphere surface end 25 times with metal
rod. At last, level carefully the surface with metal rod as the straight drawknife
4.3 Place the sample-loaded die trial on the pressing machine, at the same time, add indenter to place them
on the stone surface of the test cylinder, pay attention to flatten the indenter, but do not crush die trial side
wall
4.4 Start the pressing machine, evenly apply load, reach total load 400kN in about 10min, stable the
pressure for 5s, and then, unload.
4.5 Take down the die trial from the pressing machine, take out the sample
4.6 screening all the crushed samples with 2.36mm standard test sieves, it may be screened for several
times, and they shall all be screened in 1min and without obvious overs.
4.7 Weigh the mass of all fines through 2.36mm mesh (m1), accurate to 1g
5. Calculation
Crushed stone value is calculated by formula (T0316-1), accurate to 0.1%
m1
Q 'n = ×100 (T0316-1)
m0
Where: Q'a——Crushed stone value (%);
m0——Sample mass before testing (g)
m1——Mass of fines through 2.36mm mesh after testing (g)
6. Report
Arithmetic mean value for parallel test results of 3 samples is used as the measured value for crush value.

T 0317-2005 Coarse Aggregate Abrasion Test (Los Angeles Method)

1. Purpose and scope of application

1.1 Test the coarse aggregate resistance to friction and impaction at standard conditions, denoting by
abrasion loss (%)
1.2 This method is applicable to abrasion test of various grades and specifications of aggregate.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Los Angeles abrasion tester: inside diameter of cylinder is 710mm±5mm, inner side length is
510mm± 5mm, two ends are sealed, the inlet steel cover is tightly sealed by binding bolt and rubber gasket
with the steel cylinder. The rotary velocity of steel cylinder is 30r/min~33r/min.
(2) Steel ball: diameter is about 46.8mm, mass is 390g~445g, slightly different in size, so that it may
compose the qualified total mass
(3) Platform balance: sensibility is 5g
(4) Standard test sieves: qualified standard test sieves series and a square mesh sieve with mesh of 1.7mm
(5) Oven: it may control temperature to be 105℃±5℃.
(6) Container: enamel tray
3. Test procedure
32
 3.1 Clean the aggregate with different specifications with water, place it in oven, and dry it to the constant
weight
3.2 Select the proximal grade category for the used aggregate according to actual conditions and table
T0317-1, so as to determine the corresponding test conditions, and consist stock preparation and screening
according to the specified grades. Therein, the aggregate for cement concrete should use A-grade grain size;
the coarse aggregate of asphalt pavement and various base and subbase, as well as 16mm mesh in the table
may be replaced by 13.2mm mesh. For the non-standard materials, proximal grade category and test
conditions shall be selected from Table T0317-1 according to the actual grain size of the materials.
Table T0317-1 Coarse Aggregate Los Angeles Test Conditions
Applied coarse aggregate
Grain size Grade composition Sample mass Total sample Steel ball quantity Total mass of steel Rotation times
Nominal grain
category (mm) (g) mass (g) (piece) ball (g) (times) Specification
size (mm)

26.5~37.5 1250±25
19.0~26.5 1250±25
A 5000±10 12 5000±25 500
16.0~19.0 1250±10
9.5~16.0 1250±10
S6 15~30
19.0~26.5 2500±10
B 5000±10 11 4850±25 500 S7 10~30
16.0~19.0 2500±10
S8 10~25

S9 10~20
9.5~16.0 2500±10 S10 10~15
C 5000±10 8 3330±20 500
4.75~9.5 2500±10 S11 5~15
S12 5~10

S13 3~10
D 2.36~4.75 5000±10 5000±10 6 2500±15 500
S14 3~5

63~75 2500±50
S1 40~75
E 53~63 2500±50 10000±100 12 5000±25 1000
S2 40~60
37.5~53 5000±50

37.5~53 5000±50 S3 30~60

F 10000±75 12 5000±25 1000
26.5~37.5 5000±25 S4 25~50

26.5~37.5 5000±25 5000±25

G 10000±50 12 1000 S5 20~40
19~26.5 5000±25

Notes: ① 16mm in the table may be replaced by 13.2mm.

② A-grade is applicable to aggregate for crush run stone mixtures and cement concrete.
③ S12 in C-grade may all adopt 5000g 4.75mm~9.5mm particles; while S9 and S10 may all adopt 5000g 9.5mm~16mm particles
④ 63mm~75mm particles lacking in S2 in E-grade may be replaced by 53mm~63mm particles

3.3 The grading weighing (accurate to 5g): weigh the total mass (m1), load in the abrasion machine
cylinder
3.4 Steel ball selection: make sure that the quantity and total mass of steel ball are in accordance with those
specified in Table T0317-1; add the steel ball in the steel cylinder, cover the cylinder and seal it.
3.5 Adjust to zero the counter, set the required rotary times; 500 times for the cement concrete aggregate
and which shall be in accordance with those specified in table T0317-1 for asphalt mixture aggregate. Start
the abrasion machine, rotate to the required rotary times with 30r/min~33r/min rotation speed
33
 3.6 Table out the steel ball, pour the abraded sample from the inlet to the receiving vessel (enamel tray)
3.7 Screen the sample with 1.7mm square mesh sieve; sift out the impacted and ground fines from the
sample.
3.8 Clean the rubble on the sieve by water, place it in a 105℃±5℃oven, dry to the constant weight
(generally no less than 4h), accurate weigh it (m2)
4. Calculation
Los Angeles abrasion loss of coarse aggregate is calculated by formula (T0317-1), accurate to 0.1%
m1 − m2
Q= × 100 (T0317-1)
m1
Where: Q——Los Angeles abrasion loss (%);
m1——Mass of sample loading in the cylinder (g);
m2——Clean and dry sample mass on 1.7mm sieve after testing (g)
5. Report
5.1 Test report shall record the used grade category and test conditions
5.2 Abrasion loss of coarse aggregate uses the arithmetic mean value of the two parallel test results as the
measured value; the difference between the two test results shall be no greater than 25, otherwise, it shall be
tested again.

T 0320-2000 Coarse Aggregate Soft Particle Test

1. Purpose and scope of application

Test the soft particle content in the rubble, gravel and crushing gravel
2. Tools and materials
(1) Balance or platform balance: weigh 5kg, and the sensibility is no greater than 5g
(2) Standard test sieves: square mesh sieves with diameters of 4.75mm, 9.5mm, 16mm
(3) Pressing machine
(4) Others: tray and brush
3. Test procedure
Weigh the air-dried samples 2kg (m1), if the particle size is greater than 31.5mm, weigh 4kg, sifted into
4.75mm~9.5mm, 9.5mm~16mm, and over 16mm; place the large face downwards in the pressing machine
platform center, add 0.15kN, 0.25kN, 0.34kN loads respectively according to the sizes; the cracked particle
belongs to soft particle, and shall be rejected, weigh out the uncrushed ones (m2).
4. Calculation
Soft particle content is calculated by formula (T0320-1), accurate to 0.1%
m1 − m2
P= × 100 (T0320-1)
m1
Where: P——Soft particle content in coarse aggregate (%)
m1——Total mass of various grades of particles (g);
m2——Total mass of perfect grades of particles after testing (g)

34
 T 0321-2005 Polished Stone Value Test of Coarse Aggregate

1. Purpose and scope of application

1.1 Polished stone value of aggregate refers to the frictional value after aggregate polishing measured by
pendulum type frictionometer by use of polisher polishing aggregate, denoting by PSV
1.2 This method is applicable to determine the polished stone value of various coarse aggregates.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Accelerated polish testing machine, see Figure T0321-1, it shall comply with the standards of relevant
instruments and equipments, composed of the following parts:
① Actuating mechanism: including motor and synchronizing gear
② Road wheel: outside diameter is 406mm, used for installing 14 pieces of samples, can be clamped in
the surroundings, to form continuous stone particle surface, the rotation speed is 320r/min±5r/min.
③ Rubber wheel: diameter is 200mm, width is 44mm, rubber wheel for polishing coarse corundum
(marked as C) and rubber wheel for polishing fine corundum (marked as X), and initial hardness of the wheel
is 69IRHD±3IRHD
Note: when the rubber wheel is excessively abraded (generally after 20 turns), it must be replaced.

④ Abrasive supply system: for storing abrasive and control ling sand volume
⑤ Water supply system
⑥ Counterweight: including arm regulator, rubber wheel and counterweight hammer
⑦ Die trial: 8 sets
⑧ Load adjusting mechanism: including handwheel and cam, can support the counterweight, regulate the
rubber wheel pressure to the road wheel to be 725N±10N and maintain it to be constant in the use process.
⑨ Control panel
(2) Pendulum type frictionometer, portable pendulum tester for short, see Figure T0321-2, it shall comply
with the standards of relevant instruments and equipments, composed of the following parts

Table T0321-1 Accelerated Polish Testing Machine

1 - load control system; 2 - arm regulator (counterweight); 3 - road wheel; 4 - rubber wheel; 5 - fines sand storage bin; 6 -

35
coarse sand storage bin; 7 - water supply system; 8 - the body; 9 - sample (14 pieces)
① Base: composed of T-shaped legs, leveling screws and bubble level
② Upright post: composed of column, guide rod and hoisting appliance
③ Cantilever and release-push: could hang up the pendulum rod to make it stay in the horizontal position,
and could release the pendulum rod to make the pendulum fall and wave
④ Swing axis: connect and fix the pendulum position, ensure that the pendulum swings freely on the
swing plane; it is composed of swinging axis, bearing and clamp nut
⑤ Reading system: indicate the pendulum value
⑥ Yawing excursions and sheet rubber: it specifies torque for the swing center, and specifies pressure for
the pavement; it has front and back, left and right moment balance; the sheet rubber size is 31.75mm×
25.4mm× 6.35mm.

Figure T0321-2 Pendulum Type Frictionometer

1 - clamp handle; 2, 3 - hoist handle; 4 - release-push; 5 - knuckle screw cap; 6 - adjusting nut; 7 - needle spring piece or felt
gasket; 8 - pointer; 9 - coupling nut; 10 - leveling bolts; 11 - base; 12 - level bubble; 13 - clasp; 14 - positioning screw; 15 - lift
handle; 16 - balance weight; 17 - tighten nut; 18 - slippery block; 19 - sheet rubber; 20 - slip screw
(3) Testing platform of polished sample: for fixing the sample and pendulum type frictionometer
(4) Balance: sensibility is no greater than 0.1g;
(5) Oven: equipped with temperature controller
(6) Adhesive: can bind the aggregate and sand, die trial firmly to ensure that the process will not occur
sample shaken or fall off, and general epoxy 6101 (E-44) and curing agent
(7) Acetone
(8) Sand: < 0.3mm, clean and dry
(9) Corundum: No.30 (brown coarse sand), No.280 (green silicon carbide fine sand), used as an abrasive,
allowing only a one-time use, shall not be reused.
(10) Rubber asbestos plate: thickness is 1mm
(11) Standard aggregate samples: qualified aggregate produced by specified aggregate origin, two for
each wheel, allowing only used once, shall not be reused.

36
 (12) Others: putty knife, ear syringe, various tools
3. Test preparation
3.1 It shall inspect or calibrate the portable pendulum tester according to correlation testing specifications
before testing
3.2 Sift the aggregate, charge off the flat and elongated particle in coarse aggregate, take the
9.5mm~13.2mm aggregate particles, clean by water, and then, put in 105℃±5℃oven for drying.
Note: Upon request, polished stone value test may be carried out with 4.75mm~9.5mm coarse aggregate

3.3 Assemble the die trial and paint release agent (or soapy water), and then, dry them; when installing the
end plate of the die trial, the end plate shall be flush with the die body (pitch arc be smooth)
3.4 Elutriate the sand less than 0.3mm with clean water, place it in 105℃±5℃ oven, and dry it into dry
sand.
3.5 New pre-grinding rubber wheel: before being used formally, the new rubber wheel shall install road
wheel of sample for pre-grinding; C-wheel is pre-ground by coarse corundum for 6h; X-wheel is pre-ground
by fine corundum for 6h, and then, it may be put into normal operation.
4. Specimen preparation
4.1 Discharge: each aggregate should prepare 6~10 pieces of sample, select four thereof for two parallel
tests; closely arrange 9.5mm~13.2mm aggregate particles in the die trial (large face and flat downwards);
when discharging, remove the unqualified particle with height of greater than the die trial. When adopting
4.75mm~9.5mm coarse aggregate for polishing test, procedures shall be more careful.
4.2 Sand blast: fill the dry sand in drained aggregate gap with a teaspoon, slightly blast the dry sand with
ear syringe to make it fill tight, and then, blow the excessive sand to make the sand be approximately flush
with the die trial step, but the step shall not have sand. When blowing the dry sand with ear syringe, it shall
not touch the aggregate and shall not make aggregate sample surface be attached with sand grain.
4.3 Prepare epoxy mortar: burdening the curing agent and epoxy to a scale (1:4 if using 6101 epoxy), mix
into adhesive, and then, mix with the dry sand in mass ratio of 1:4~1:4.5 to make epoxy mortar
Note: constructional material usage of epoxy mortar in a piece of die trial is generally: epoxy 9.0g, curing agent 2.4g, dry sand 48g.The usage is
allowed to be adjusted by the adhesive variety and sample strength; when testing with 4.75mm~9.5mm aggregate, the epoxy mortar usage shall be
increased appropriately.

4.4 Epoxy mortar filling: fill the mixed epoxy mortar into the die trial with small putty knife, and fill as
compact as possible, but shall not touch the aggregate; and then, raze the excessive filler on the die trial with
hot putty knife, and trowel the surface repeatedly, so as to make the filled epoxy mortar be flush with the die
trial top.
4.5 Curing: curing 3h in 40℃generally, and then, natural cooling 9h, remove the die; if curing at room
temperature, the time shall be longer to make the sample reach adequate strength; when the aggregate particle
looses or falls off, or the epoxy mortar seeps out of the surface, the sample shall be rejected.
5. Polishing test
5.1 Sample grouping: grind 14 pieces of sample once per wheel, each kind of aggregate covers 2 pieces of
sample, including 6 kinds of aggregate for test and one kind of standard aggregate
5.2 Sample number: mark the six kinds of aggregate with marking chalk on the epoxy mortar backing and
curve side of the sample, numbered as 1~12; one kind of aggregate is provided with two serial numbers, the
standard test piece is No.13 and 14.
5.3 Sample installation: arrange the samples on the road wheel by serial numbers specified in Table
T0321-1, therein, No.1 and No.8 are standard test piece. The marked side of sample shall be outwards (along
the cover plate side), a or several pieces of 1mm thick rubber asbestos plate gasket shall be padded between

37
the two samples, the end section of the gasket is similar to that of the sample, but it is a bit lower than the
sample height 2mm~3mm. And then, cover the lateral plate of road wheel, knock the lateral plate with rubber
hammer while twisting the screw to ensure that the sample is tightly cooperate with the road wheel, so as to
avoid sample cracking or looseness in the polish process. Subsequently, install the road wheel on the wheel
axle.
Table T0321-1 Sequence of Sample Arranged on the Road Wheel
Location number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Sample number 13 9 3 7 5 1 11 14 10 4 8 6 2 12

5.4 Operation of polishing process

5.4.1 The accelerated polishing of samples shall be made in 20℃±5℃ (room temperature) room.
5.4.2 Coarse sand polishing
5.4.2.1 Fit the C-marked rubber wheel on the arm regulator, cover the road wheel casing, the lower is
placed with a sand accumulation tray, fill water in the storage tank on the water-storage support, regulate the
flow valve to interrupt the water flow.
5.4.2.2 Prepare No.30 corundum coarse sand, load it in a special sand storage bin, fit the sand storage bin
on the upper of the rubber wheel side and connect to the miniature motor power; rotate the load to adjust the
hand wheel, so as to make the cam rotate to let down the rubber wheel, and make amplitude of the rubber
wheel completely press the aggregate sample surface on the road wheel
5.4.2.3 Sliding sand volume regulation: receive the slide corundum with special hopper at the discharge
port and pick up counting at the same time, after 1min, move the hopper, weigh the sliding sand volume with
balance, to make the flow be 27g/min±7g/min; if it cannot meet the requirements, it shall be adjusted by
timing button or by method regulating the hopper to control the flashboard.
5.4.2.4 Set number of rotation on the control panel to be 57600, press the power switch to start the
polisher for operation, and at the same time, press the coarse sand timing button, turn on the sand storage bin
control flashboard, control the corundum sliding sand volume to be 27g/min±7g/min; and at the same time,
immediately regulate the flowmeter to make the water flow be 60mL/min.
5.4.2.5 The polisher automatically stops 1h and 2h after the test (do not press the zero reset button and
power switch), remove the corundum on the case and deposited at the bottom of the sand accumulation tray
with brush and trowel, inspect and screw down the loose nut on the road wheel, restart the polisher, until the
rotation number display shoes 57600, the polisher automatically stops, the required polish time is about 3h.
5.4.2.6 Rotate the load adjustable hand wheel to make the cam pick up the arm regulator, clean the road
wheel and sample to remove all the residual corundum.
5.4.3 Fine sand polish
5.4.3.1 Discharge C-marked rubber wheel, replace X-marked rubber wheel and install according to
methods specified in 5.4.2.1.
5.4.3.2 Prepare No.280 corundum fine sand and load it in a special sand storage bin according to 5.4.2.2.
5.4.3.3 Repeat process of 5.4.2.3; regulate the sand-sliding volume to make the flow be 3g/min±1g/min.
5.4.3.4 Set rotation number to be 57600 according to process of 5.4.2.4, begin the polishing operation,
and control the corundum sand-sliding volume to be 3g /min±19gmin, and the water flow is about 60ml/min.
5.4.3.5 After polishing 2h of the sample, stop the machine and make proper cleanness, inspect and screw
down the road wheel by methods specified in 5.4.2.5, and then, start the polisher and automatically stop it
when it reaches 57600 turns.
5.4.3.6 Clean the sample and polisher according to methods specified in 5.4.2.6.
5.5 Polished stone value determination

38
 5.5.1 2h before the test and in the test process, the room temperature shall be controlled to be 20℃±2℃.
5.5.2 Unload the sample from the road wheel and clean it, clean the gaps between aggregate particles
with brush to remove all the residual corundum.
5.5.3 Downwards place the sample surface in 18℃~20℃ water for 2h, and then, take out the sample, and
determine the polished stone value with pendulum type frictionometer according to the following processes
5.5.3.1 Zero setting: fix the portable pendulum tester to the test platform, loosen the fixing handle, rotate
the hoist handle to heighten the pendulum and make swing freely, and then, lock the fixing handle, rotate the
level knob to center the level bubble, when the pendulum falls off from right horizontal position, put the
pointer, afterwards, the pointer shall point to zero. If the pointer does not point to zero, the pointer adjusting
nut shall be screw down or loosened, when it is idle swing, the pointer points to zero.
5.5.3.2 Sample fixation: place the sample in the pickup groove of the test platform, so that the pendulum
swing beyond it, and the slippery block locates in the center of the sample wheelmark. glide direction of
yawing excursions slippery block of the portable pendulum tester on the sample shall be made identical to the
operation direction of the polisher of the sample, that is, when testing, the marked curve edge of the sample is
back on to the conner.
5.5.3.3 Test: regulate the pendulum height, so that the sliding length of the slippery block on the sample
may b 76mm, wet the sample surface with watering can (note: the sample shall be wet any time during the
testing process). Lift the pendulum rightwards to hang it by cantilever, at the same time, put the pointer to be
parallel to the pendulum rod axis with left hand. Press the release-push to make the pendulum fallback to
move leftwards, when the pendulum reaches the extreme higher position, it begins to fall off, receive the
pendulum rod with left hand, read the pointer position value (small scale), and record the test result, accurate
to 0.1.
Note: the portable pendulum tester shall be pre-ground when using the new sheet rubber, so that it reaches the stable state, the pre-grinding
method is: use the new sheet rubber to swing 10 times on the dry test block (but not polished sample), and then, swing 20 times on the wet test block;
in addition, the sheet rubber shall not be oil polluted.

5.5.3.4 Repeatedly test a piece of sample 5 times, the difference between the maximum and minimum
value of the five readings shall not be greater than 3. Take the average of the five readings as the polished
stone value reading of the sample (PSVr). The polished stone value reading of the standard test piece is
denoted by PSVbr
5.6 Repeatedly test one kind of aggregate twice, and each shall simultaneously test the standard aggregate
samples.
6. Calculation
6.1 Calculate the arithmetic mean value PSVra of the 4 pieces of samples (2 pieces per wheel) for the two
parallel tests according to formula (T0321-1), accurate to 0.1. However, the difference between the maximum
and minimum value of the polished stone value reading PSVr of the 4 pieces of sample shall not be greater
than 4.7, otherwise, the test shall be rejected and another test shall be made again.

PSVra = ∑ PSVri / 4 (T0321-1)

Where: i=1~4, PSVri is the polished stone value reading of the 4 pieces of samples.
6.2 Calculate the arithmetic mean value PSVbra of the 4 pieces of standard test pieces (2 pieces per wheel)
for the two parallel tests according to formula (T0321-1), accurate to 0.1. However, the average value PSVbra
of the polished stone value reading of the 4 pieces of standard test piece must be within 46~52, otherwise, the
test shall be rejected and another test shall be made again.

PSVbra = ∑ PSVbri / 4 (T0321-2)

39
Where: i=1~4, PSVbri is the polished stone value reading of the 4 pieces of standard test pieces.
6.3 Calculate the aggregate PSV by formula (T0321-3), take round numbers

PSV = PSVra + 49 − PSVbra (T0321-3)

7. Report
Test report shall report polished stone value PSV of the aggregate, average polished stone value reading
PSVra of the two parallel test samples and average polished stone value reading PSVbra of the standard test
piece.

T 0322-2000 Aggregate Impact Value Test

1. Purpose and scope of application

Aggregate impact value test is used to test the performance of the impact resistance of the coarse
aggregate, denoting by mass percentage of particles less than 2.36mm after being impacted.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Impact tester: shape and dimension see Figure T0322-1, and the mass of the impact hammer is
13.75kg±0.05kg
(2) Graduated cylinder: inside diameter is 76mm, inside height is 51mm and wall thickness is 3mm
(3) Impact cup: round grid cylinder with inside diameter of 102mm and inside height of 50mm, the inside
surface has been made with toughening treatment
(4) Tamper: steel bar, diameter is 10mm; length is 230mm, and with one end of hemisphere.
(5) Standard test sieves: square mesh sieves with mesh diameter of 2.36mm, 9.5mm, 13.2mm
(6) Balance: weigh 1kg, and the sensibility is no greater than 0.1g
(7) Others: trowel, tray, thermostat, steel plate, rubber hammer, brush
3. Test preparation
3.1 Sift the aggregate through 13.2mm and 9.5mm sieve; take the parts with grain size of 9.5mm~13.2mm
as the sample
3.2 Air dry the sample in the air or dry it in a 105℃±5℃oven, cool down to room temperature, and the
sample shall be no less than 1kg.
4. Test procedure
4.1 Load 1/3 of the aggregate to the graduated cylinder from no more than 50mm above it with shovel,
tamp 25 times the aggregate with semisphere end of the tamper, each tamping shall fall freely from no more
than 50mm above the graduated cylinder and the fall point shall be evenly distributed on the aggregate surface.
Load another 1/3 of the aggregate and tamp it with the same method, and then, load the rest 1/3 aggregate and
tamp. After the three times of aggregate loading, roll the tamper on top of the container to remove the
excessive aggregate, remove the aggregate hindering the rod rolling by hand, and add aggregate to fill in the
gap.
4.2 Pour the aggregate full in the graduated cylinder into the balance, weigh the aggregate mass (m),
9accurate to 0.1g), and then, make test with the aggregate hereof.
4.3 Place the impact tester on the flinty ground of the laboratory, and place cast iron cushion block under
the instrument base
4.4 Pour the weighed aggregate into the metal impact cup on the base, and independently tamp it 25 times
with stamp stem for compaction.
40
 4.5 Adjust the stamping height, so that the impact hammer is 380mm±5mm above the aggregate surface.
4.6 Make the hammer drop freely to stamp the aggregate 15 times continuously, each stamping interval is
no less than 1s; after the first stamping, the drop distance is no longer adjusted.

Figure T0322-1 Impact Tester (Dimensional Unit: mm)

1 - unloading machine pin; 2 - adjustable unloading machine check bolt; 3 - handheld handle; 4 - impact counter; 5 -
unloading machine hook; 6 - impact hammer; 7 - cutting angle; 8 - steel surface; 9 - impact hammer guide rod; 10 - round steel
cylinder inside steel surface; 11 - round base
4.7 Screening and weighing
Pour the smashed aggregate into the clean tray from the cup, stamp the metal cup outer side with rubber
hammer, and brush the internal surface with dabber, until the fine aggregate grains fall over the tray
completely.
Sift the impact tested aggregate with 2.36mm sieve, weigh the chips mass on the 2.36mm sieve and under
the sieve respectively (m1 and m2), accurate to 0.1g; if the difference between m1+m2 and m exceeds 1g, the
test is invalid.
4.8 Take the sample with the same mass for making the second parallel test.
5. Calculation
The aggregate's impact value is calculated by formula (T0322-1).

41
 m2
AIV = ×100 (T0322-1)
m
Where: AIV——Impact value of aggregate (%);
m——Total mass of the sample (g);
m2——Sample mass through the 2.36mm sieve after impact grinding (g)

T 0323-2000 Coarse Aggregate Abrasion Test (Dory Test)

1. Purpose and scope of application

This test is used to evaluate the capability of resistance to the wheel impact and abrasion of coarse
aggregate for the road pavement
2. Tools and materials
(1) Dory abrasion tester: composed of processed round cast iron or steel grinding flat slab with diameter
of 600mm, the round flat slab (or rotary table) can rotate horizontally in speed of 28r/min~30r/min. The tester
is equipped with rotation number register and the following accessories.
① At least two machined metal dies, for sample preparation; the die trial end plate is removable and its
inside dimension is 91.5mm×53.5mm×16.0mm, the tolerance is± 0.1mm.
② At least two machined metal pallets, for fixing the prepared sample; the pallet is made of 5mm thick
mild steel plate, and its inside dimension is 92.0mm×54.0mm×8.0mm, its tolerance is± 0.1mm.
③ At least of 2 pieces of flat slab (backing plate) machined by 5mm thick mild steel plate, for sample
preparation; its dimension is 115mm×75mm, and its tolerance is±0.1mm.
④ Pallet fixing device: two pallet supports are relatively in radial direction, the rotational directions of
the long side rotary table are always concord; the pallet shall be able to move longitudinally freely in the
support, while it cannot move in the level.
⑤ Two counterweights: round bottom, for ensuring the sample pressure to the rotary table surface; the
total mass of sample, pallet and counterweight may be as high as 2kg±10g by adjusting the deadweight.
⑥ Sand-sliding equipment and sand removal and collecting device: these equipments could distribute
continuously the sand on the rotary table in front of the sample with speed of 700g/min~900g/min, after
sample passing; the sand is removed and collected.
(2) Standard test sieves: square mesh sieves with size of 13.2mm, 9.5mm, 1.18mm, 0.9mm, 0.6mm,
0.45mm, 0.3mm
(3) Oven: it may control temperature to be 105℃±5℃.
(4) Balance: weigh 1kg, and the sensibility is no greater than 0.1g
(5) Abrasive: quartz sand, grain size is 0.3mm~0.9mm, therein, the content of that with size of
0.45mm~0.6mm is no less than 75%; and it shall be dry and be used. Each piece of sample uses 3kg quartz
sand.
(6) Binding agent: epoxy (6010) and curing agent (793); other models may replace them in ensuring the
same bonding property
(7) Soapy water as the release agent and acetone as the detergent
(8) Fine sand: 0.1mm~0.3mm and 0.1mm~0.45mm
(9) Others: medical ear syringe, dispensing spoon, tweezers, putty knife, fitch, and 20 mL graduated
cylinder, 100mL beaker, electric furnace, small medical pallet or other containers
3. Test preparation
42
 3.1 Sample preparation
3.1.1 Sampling according to T 0301
3.1.2 Sift the sample; take 9.5mm~13.2mm part for making the sample
3.1.3 It is necessary to clean and remove dust for the sample before using, and maintain its surface to be
dry. When heating and drying, the heat time shall not exceed 4h, the heating temperature shall not exceed
110℃; moreover, it must cool down to room temperature before making the sample
3.2 Sample fabrication
3.2.1 Die trial preparation: clean the die trial, screw down end plate screw; brush slight amount of soapy
water on the internal surface of the die trial with fuzz brush, dry the die trial in the oven.
3.2.2 Discharge: defective lift aggregate with tweezers, discharge it in the die trial in single layer, that
with flat surface is placed at the bottom; the die trial shall discharge aggregate as much as possible; in any
case, the aggregate particles shall not be less than 24 grains, and the aggregate particles must be representative
3.2.3 Sand blast: gaps between aggregate particles shall be filled by fine sand (0.1mm~0.3mm), the
filling height is about 3/4 of the aggregate particle height; when filling, spread evenly with dispensing spoon
first, and then, blast compactly with ear syringe and level it, blow the excessive sand.
3.2.4 Epoxy mortar mixing: mix evenly the epoxy and curing agent, add 0.1mm~0.45mm dry sand, and
mix evenly; the mortar is prepared by the proportion of epoxy: curing agent: fine sand = 1g:0.25mL:3.8g. 2
pieces of samples need nearly 30g epoxy, 7.5ml curing agent and 114g dry fine sand
3.2.5 Filling and molding: fill the mixed epoxy mortar in the die trial, compact as far as possible, but pay
attention to not touch the arranged aggregate, and then, scrape and smear come-and-go on the die trial surface
with hot putty knife, so that the mortar surface may be flat.
3.2.6 Health preserving: paint a layer of soapy water on one side of the backing plate, and then, pour the
mortar-filled mold on the backing plate (prevent mortar seeping to the aggregate surface). The health
preserving time at room temperature is generally 24h.
3.2.7 Removal of mold: unscrew the end plate screw, discharge the 2 end plates, and tap to take out the
sample with rubber hammer; remove the excessive mortar with drawknife or emery paper, and remove the
loose sand with fuzz brush
4. Test procedure
4.1 Weigh mass of 2 pieces of sample respectively (m1), accurate to 0.1g. Before operation, the machine
shall run idle one cycle in sand-sliding condition, so that the rotary table is left with a layer of sand.
4.2 Respectively place the 2 pieces of sample into 2 pallets, make sure that the sample and pallet are closely
cooperated. Weigh the mass sample, pallet and counterweight, and set the total mass to 2kg±10g
4.3 Place the sample together with the pallet into the abrasion machine, so as to make them relative in radial
direction to each other, the distance from the sample center to the grinding rotary table center is 260mm, the
aggregate exposed surface faces towards rotary table; and then, place the corresponding counterweight on the
sample.
4.4 Rotate the rotary table 100 cycles in speed of 28r/min~30r/min, at the same time, load the qualified
grinding quartz sand in the hopper, so that it slides continuously on the rotary table in front of the sample. The
sand-sliding width shall be able to cover the whole sample width, and the sand-sliding speed is
700g/min~900g/min (hopper sand-sliding gap is about 1.3mm)
Remove the sand from the rotary table with rubber doctor blade, the installation of doctor blade shall
make the rubber edge stands on the rotary table gently, and the doctor blade width shall be identical to the
exterior margin circular width of the grinding rotary table.
4.5 Sift the sand reclaimed from the aggregate bin, repeatedly use it for several times, until the whole test

43
completion, then, reject it.
4.6 Take out the sample, inspect whether it is normal.
4.7 Repeat the above process, regrind 400 cycles; and then, repeat 4 times to grind it in four 100 cycles, or
it may be ground once continuously. When grinding continuously, raise the abrasion machine cover frequently
to observe whether the sand-sliding condition is normal.
4.8 Take out the sample from the abrasion machine after 500 turns, take off the pallet, remove the residual
sand with brush, weigh the sample mass (m2), accurate to 0.1g
If the test must be interrupted due to aggregate is easy to be abraded and ground mortar lining,, record the
rotation number; otherwise, some extremely hard aggregate may scuff the abrasive disk, in this case, the
grinding rotary table shall be chipped.
5. Calculation
Abrasion value of the aggregate of each piece of sample is calculated by formula (T0323-1).
3(m1 − m2 )
AAV = (T0323-1)
ρa
Where: AAV——Dory abrasion value of aggregate;
m1——Sample mass before abrasion (g);
m2——Sample mass after abrasion (g);
ρs——Saturated surface-dry density of aggregate (g/cm3)
6. Report
Take the test average of two pieces of sample as the abrasion value of the aggregate, if the difference
between a single piece and the average value of sample is greater than 10% of the latter, the test shall be made
again, and the average of the 4 pieces of sample shall be used as the test result for the abrasion value of the
aggregate.

T 0324-1994 Alkali Active Test of Aggregate (Lithofacies Method)

1. Purpose and scope of application

The kind and composition of aggregate (including sand and stone) for verification, and thereby,
determine the kind and quantity of the alkali active aggregate.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Set of sieves: square mesh sieve with mesh diameters of 0.15mm, 0.3mm, 0.6mm, 1.18mm
(2) Platform balance: weigh 1000kg, and the sensibility is 100g
(3) Balance: weigh 1kg, and the sensibility is no greater than 0.5g
(4) Slicer, polisher, pointing machine
(5) Stereomicroscope, polarized light microscope
(6) Reagent: hydrochloric acid, alizarin red, index immersion oil and alcohol
(7) Others: corundum, gum (such as abienic balsam), ground slide, geological hammer, cutting board,
spirit lamp
3. Sampling
3.1 Select aggregate with quartation or distributor method, sift after air drying, weigh the sample according
to quantity specified in Table T0324-1.

44
 Table T0324-1 Stone Sample Mass
Aggregate size (mm) 37.5~19 19~4.75

Sample mass (kg) 50 10

3.2 Reduce the sand sample with quartation or distributor method to 5kg, take about 2kg sand sample, clean,
dry in 105℃±5℃oven, cool down, and sift by method specified in T 0327, and then, weigh the sand sample
according to quantity specified in Table T0324-2.
4. Aggregate verification
4.1 Eye assay the sample one by one; if necessary, the particle may be placed on the cutting board, smash
with geological hammer (pay attention to minimize the rock loss), and observe the fresh particle segment 1:1.
4.2 Aggregate verification is classified by the following standards (Table T0324-2):
Table T0324-2 Sand Sample Mass
Sand sample size (mm) Sand sample mass (g) Sand sample size (mm) Sand sample mass (g)
4.75~2.36 100 0.6~0.3 10
2.36~1.18 50 0.3~0.15 10
1.18~0.6 25 Less than 0.15

4.2.1 Rock name and physical property: including main mineral component, weathering degree, with
crack or not, consistency, whether with inclosure and appearance of fracture.
4.2.2 Chemical property: covers two kinds: possibly with or without alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete
4.2.3 The rock particles preliminarily determined as alkali active aggregate shall be made into sheet and
its mineral composition and structure shall be verified under the microscope; it shall pay special attention to
test the cryptocrystalline and glassiness component content.
Note: aggregate verification may refer to Table T0324-3.

45
 Table T0324-3 Alkali Active Aggregate Classification Reference
Rock structure Igneous rock Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock
Coagulation
Protein
structure
Pitchstone
Vitreous texture Perlite
Obsidian
Microscopic Chalcedony,
Humite limestone,
granular structure tridymite,
some mud bearing
Cryptocrystalline cristobalite, flint,
and gray dolomitic
texture jasper, agate
Porphyritic structure
Matrix
Andesite, dacite,
cryptocrystalline
rhyolite, matt surface
texture
Or vitreous texture
Fragmental texture
Tuff and sharp grit
Brecciated texture
Flaky texture Some phyllite,
Lepidoblastic siliceous slate,
structure hard-chlorite schist
Acidic to neutral
Acidic Opal, chalcedony, Determined according to
Major mineral plagioclase, potassium Calcite, dolomite, Quartz, sericite,
volcanic tridymite, rock chips and crystal
components feldspar, quartz volcanic chalcedony, quartz chalcedony, phyllite
glass cristobalite, quartz chips breccia components
glass

5. Sand material identification

Select the sand sample under stereomicroscope, identify the kind and content of alkali active aggregate;
when the small-size sand is hard to be selected under stereomicroscope, it shall be profiled (cementing with
gum or epoxy) on the pointing machine to make sheet, and identify under polarized light microscope.
6. Test result treatment
6.1 If the aggregate is completely analyzed, list various rock compositions and contents by Table T0324-4;
if only alkali active aggregate is analyzed, list the kind and content of the alkali active aggregate in aggregate
by Table T0324-5; and list the kind and content of the alkali active aggregate in sand material by Table
T0324-6.
Table T0324-4 Aggregate Lithofacies Identification
Mass percent (%)

Physical property Chemical property (give

Project rock name Lithofacies description (color,
31.5mm~16mm16mm~4.75mm (evaluated by clear indication of harmful or
hardness and weathering degree)
excellent, good, bad) harmless)

46
 Table T0324-5 Alkali Active Aggregate Content in Aggregate
Grain size (mm)

Alkali active aggregate name 31.5~19 19~4.75

Table T0324-6 Alkali Active Aggregate Content in Sand Material

Sample composition Alkali active aggregate content (%)

Grain size (mm) Sieve residue (%) Volume occupying this grade of sample Volume occupying the gross sample Total

6.2 According to identification results, the aggregate is evaluated as non-alkali, then it is used as the final
conclusion; if it is evaluated as alkali active aggregate or questionable, mortar length method shall be used to
test it.

T 0325-1994 Alkali Active Test of Aggregate (Mortar Length Method)

1. Purpose and scope of application

1.1 Test the length change of the cement mortar sample to identify whether the expansion caused by
reaction between alkali and active aggregate of the cement has potential hazard
1.2 When assessing the aggregate as alkali active or questionable with lithofacies method in accordance
with T 0324 test, this method shall be adopted, but it is not applicable to alkali carbonate reaction.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Standard test sieves: adopt according to provisions of fine aggregate (sand) sieve test
(2) Mixing pan, shovel, graduated cylinder, stopwatch and shock table
(3) Trowel and hardwood tamper with section of 14mm×13mm and length of 120mm~150mm
(4) Die trial and feeler (buried nail): metal die trail, specification is 25.4mm×25.4mm× 285mm
A pinhole locates in the middle of both ends of the die trial and the feeler is made of rustless metal
(5) Curing tube: made of anti-corrosive materials (plastic), it shall be water-tight, air tight, and could
ensure that the relative humidity of air in tube is over 95% in the curing room; the tube is set with sample
frame where is contained with water hereunder, the sample vertically stands over the frame but not contact
water.
(6) Length measuring equipment: measuring range is 275mm~ 300mm and accuracy is 0.01mm
(7) Storeroom (box) temperature is 38℃±2℃
3. Test preparation
3.1 Sample preparation
3.1.1 Cement: when testing generally aggregate activity, Portland cement with alkalinity higher than
0.8% shall be used; for the specific engineering, if several kinds of cement are used, the cement with alkali
content of greater than 0.6% shall be used for test.
Note: the alkali content of cement is calculated by sodium oxide (Na2O); when potassium oxide (K2O) is converted into sodium oxide, it shall
be multiplied by conversion coefficient 0.658.

3.1.2 Aggregate: the sand actually or would be adopted in the sand material use engineering for sand
material; for aggregate, the active and non-active aggregates shall be cracked respectively into grades shown
in Table T0325-1, and the active and non-active aggregates shall consist the sand for test in a certain
47
proportion.
Table T0325-1 Sand Material Grades
Mesh size (mm) 4.75~2.36 2.36~1.18 1.18~0.6 0.60~0.3 0.3~0.15

Graded mass ratio (%) 10 25 25 25 15

3.1.3 Mortar mix ratio: cement and sand mass ratio is 1:2.25; a group of 3 samples need 400g cement and
900g sand. The water consumption for mortar is selected by GB 2419 "Test Method for Fluidity of Cement
Mortar", but the shock table jumping times is changed into 10 times/6s, based on the fluidity of
105mm~120mm.
3.2 Sample fabrication
3.2.1 24h before molding, place the materials (cement, sand, mixing water) for test in a 20℃±2℃
thermostatic chamber
3.2.2 Mortar preparation: pour water into a mixing pot, add cement, mix 30s, then add half of the sand
material, mix 30s, and at last, add the residual sand material, mix 90s
3.2.3 The mortar is loaded into the die trial in two layers, tamp 20 times for each layer; cast the first layer,
mount the feeler, and cast the second layer (mortar around the feeler shall be filled), after casting and tamping,
scraper the excessive mortar with trowel, trowel the surface and number it.
4. Test procedure
4.1 After sample molding, place the die into the standard curing chamber, curing 24h±4h, and then,
demolding; after that, immediately measure the sample length, this length is the reference length of the
sample. The length measurement shall be made in twenty℃±2℃ thermostatic chamber. Each sample shall be
at least tested twice; the average of the differences between two readings within the instrument accuracy shall
be taken as the measured value. The would-be tested sample shall be covered by damping cloth to prevent
from water evaporation.
4.2 After length measurement, the sample is placed in a curing tunnel, the tunnel wall is lined with
absorbent paper to make the air inside be water saturated steam, cover the tunnel, place them together in a
38℃±2℃curing room (box) for curing (variety of samples in one tunnel shall be same).
4.3 The length measurement age is calculated since the basic length measurement, including 14d, 1, 2, 3,...,
6, 9, 12 months; if necessary, the age may be duly postponed. On the last day before measuring the length, the
curing tunnel shall be taken out from the 38℃±2℃curing room (box), place it in 20℃±2℃thermostatic
chamber. The length measurement method of the sample is identical to that of the basic length measurement,
after the length measurement of each age, the sample shall be placed in the curing tunnel, cover it, and then,
replace them in 38℃±2℃curing room (box), continue to cure to the next test age.
4.4 When measuring the length, the deformation, crack and exudation shall be observed, it is necessary to
pay attention to whether there is colloidal matter, and make detail record.
5. Calculation
5.1 The sample's expansion rate is calculated by formula (T0325-1).
Lt − L0
∑ 1
=
L0 − 2
×100 (T0325-1)

Where: ∑t——Expansion rate of sample in age t (%);

Lt——Length of sample in age t (mm);
L0——Reference length of sample (mm);
△——Length of feeler (buried nail) (mm)
Use the average value of the 3 samples as the measured value of dilatation in some age

48
 Note: dispersion degree for the measured value of a group of three samples shall comply with the following requirements: when expansion rate is
less than 0.02%, the difference between the single measure value and the average value shall not be greater than 0.003%; when the expansion rate is
greater than 0.02%, the difference between the single measure value and the average value shall not be greater than 15%; When the above requirements
cannot be met, the causes shall be found out, take the average value of the rest two measured values as the measured value of the expansion rate in the
age; when the measure value of one group of sample is less than 2, the expansion rate of that age is determined by additional test.

5.2 Evaluation criteria

When the biannual expansion rate of mortar exceeds 0.1% or expansion rate of three months exceeds
0.05% (only effective when biannual expansion rate is lacking), the sand material is evaluated as harmful
active aggregate. Otherwise, if it is less than the above value, it is evaluated as non-active aggregate.
When the biannual expansion rate of mortar exceeds 0.1% or expansion rate of three months exceeds
0.05% (only effective when biannual expansion rate is lacking), the aggregate is evaluated as non-active
aggregate. If it exceeds the above value, it cannot be used as the final conclusion, but shall be evaluated
according to test result of concrete finally.

T 0326-1994 Potency Test Restraining Aggregate Alkali Reactivity

1. Purpose and scope of application

1.1 Evaluate the inhibitor effectiveness of excessive expansion caused by the mineral mixtures to the
reaction between high alkali Portland cement and highly active aggregate (hard glass); compare the expansion
rate of the standard mortar test piece made of highly active hard glass sand and 'high alkali Portland cement
with the mortar comparison sample mixed with inhibition material in the same age, so as to measure the
inhibitor effectiveness of the materials
1.2 When active aggregate is too harmful to make timely conclusion, such method may be used to assay the
expansion rate of the cement mortar sample, to distinguish whether the aggregate complies with the safety
requirements, and so as to use it to select the proper cement variety, mixture and admixture.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Standard test sieves: adopt according to provisions of fine aggregate sieve test
(2) Mixing pan, shovel, graduated cylinder, stopwatch and shock table
(3) Trowel and hardwood tamper with section of 14mm×13mm and length of 120mm~150mm
(4) Die trial and feeler (buried nail): metal die trial, specification is 25.4mm×25.4mm×285mm; pinhole
locates in the middle of both ends of the die trial, and the feeler is made of rustless metal
(5) Curing tube: made of anti-corrosive materials (plastic), it shall be water-tight, air tight, and could
ensure that the relative humidity of air in tube is over 95% in the curing room; the tube is set with sample
frame where is contained with water hereunder, the sample vertically stands over the frame but not contact
water.
(6) Length measuring equipment: measuring range is 275mm~ 300mm and accuracy is 0.01mm
(7) Storeroom (box) temperature is 28℃±2℃
3. Test procedure
3.1 Cement
Standard test piece: high alkali Portland cement for measuring the inhibitor effectiveness test of the
material, the alkali content is about 1.0% (calculated by sodium oxide), or other Portland cement with 14d
expansion rate of no less than 0.1%; the alkali content of low alkali Portland cement for expansion rate
distinguish test is less than 0.6% (calculated by sodium oxide) or other Portland cement with 14d expansion
49
rate of no more than 0.02%
Comparison sample: for measuring the inhibitor effectiveness of the mixture, the cement for the
comparison sample is identical to the high alkali cement for standard test piece; the amount of the mixture is
25% by absolute volume, while the rest 75% is the high alkali cement; high alkali cement same as the
standard test piece may be used for distinguishing the inhibitor effectiveness of the admixture. For specific
engineering, cement for engineering may be used to make the expansion rate distinguish test.
3.2 Aggregate
Hard glass: made of cracked high-temperature glass, the grade sees Table T0326-1
Note: cracked and graded hard glass sand must be cleaned and deposited in desiccators for standby.

Table T0326-1 Glass Sand Grades

Mesh size (mm) 4.75~2.36 2.36~1.18 1.18~0.6 0.6~0.3 0.3~0.15

Graded mass (%) 20 20 20 20 20

3.3 Mortar mix ratio: the cement to sand mass ratio is 1:2.5; each group of 3 samples needs 400g cement
and 900g glass sand; when the comparison sample is mixed with mixture, the cement is 300g, and the mixture
amount is the mass of volume for 100g cement; if it is a specific engineering test, the mixture amount shall be
identical to that recommended in the engineering.
Water consumption for mortar is selected by GB 2419 "Test Method for Fluidity of Cement Mortar", but
the shock table jumping times is changed into 10 times/6s, based on the fluidity of 105mm~120mm; the
sample mixed with mixture shall mix evenly the mixtures and cement before molding, the admixture shall be
prepared as solution previously and add with the mixing water
3.4 Sample is prepared by the method specified in T 0325, curing and measuring the length. The length
measuring age is 14d and 56d
4. Test result treatment
4.1 The sample's expansion rate is calculated by formula (T0326-1).
Lt − L0
∑ t
=
L0 − 2
× 100 (T0326-1)

Where: ∑t——Expansion rate of sample in age t (%);

Lt——Length of sample in age t (mm);
L0——Reference length of sample (mm);
△——Length of feeler (buried nail) (mm)
Use the average value of the 3 samples as the measured value of dilatation in some age
Note: dispersion degree for the measured value of a group of three samples shall comply with the following requirements: when expansion rate is
less than 0.02%, the difference between the single measure value and the average value shall not be greater than 0.003%; when the expansion rate is
greater than 0.02%, the difference between the single measure value and the average value shall not be greater than 15%; When the above requirements
cannot be met, the causes shall be found out, take the average value of the rest two measured values as the measured value of the expansion rate in the
age; when the measure value of one group of sample is less than 2, the expansion rate of that age is determined by additional test.

4.2 Result evaluation

4.2.1 The expansion rate reduction of 14d age mortar for mixture or admixture comparison sample mixed
for inhibitor effectiveness of alkali-aggregate reaction shall comply with the requirements of formula
(T0326-2).
Es − Et
Re = ×100 ≥ 75 (T0326-2)
Es
50
Where: Re——Expansion rate reduction (%);
Es——14d age expansion rate of high alkali cement standard test piece (%)
Et——14d age expansion rate of comparison sample (%)
When the 56d age expansion rate of comparison sample is less than 0.05%, it believes that the tested
materials and the corresponding mixture amount are equipped with inhibitor effectiveness of alkali-aggregate
reaction.
4.2.2 Expansion rate distinguish test
14d and 56d expansion rate of comparison sample is not more than that of the low alkali Portland cement
standard test piece at the same condition; or when 14d expansion rate is no more than 0.02% and the 56d
expansion rate is no more than 0.05%, it believes that the tested cement will not produce harmful alkali
aggregate expansion.

T 0346-2000 Crushing Gravel Content Test

1. Purpose and scope of application

Test the coarse aggregate of the crushing concaves with requested quantity (one or two) proportion on the
total coarse aggregate amount after crushing by crusher, denoting by percentage. This method specifies that
the crushed gravel crushing concaves greater than or equal to 1/4 of the maximum cross section of the particle
is crushing concave (Figure T0346-1), while the aggregate with qualified crushing concaves is the crushing
gravel.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Balance: the sensibility is no greater than 1g
(2) Standard test sieves
(3) Drawknife
3. Test preparation
Sift the dried sample with 4.75mm standard test sieves, and divide the sample with quartation or
distributor method; take coarse aggregate greater than 4.75mm for test; the sample mass shall be in
accordance with those specified in Table T0346-1. When the maximum grain size is greater than or equal to
19.0mm, sift the sample with 9.5mm sieve into two parts, each part of sample shall not be less than 200g, and
the two parts of sample shall take the average after the test.
Table T0346-1 Sample Mass Requirements
Nominal maximum size of aggregate (mm) Minimum sample mass (g) Nominal maximum size of aggregate (mm) Minimum sample mass (g)

9.5 200 26.5 3000

13.2 500 31.5 5000
16.0 1000 37.5 7500
19.0 1500 50 15000

51
 Actual area of the
crushing concave

Crushed gravel

Maximum cross
sectional area of
crushed gravel particle

Figure T0346-1 Crushing Concave Definition

4. Test procedure
4.1 Place the two parts of sample on 4.75mm or 9.5mm sieve, wash by water until it is clean, dry to the
constant weight with oven, cool down, and accurately weigh 1g.
4.2 Unfold the sample on the large enough plane, use the plane comply with the requirements of
Af>0.25Xmax as the crushing concave, see Figure T0346-1, sought out crushing gravel with more than over
crushing concaves by visual measurement one by one, and pile it separately from the gravel with no more
than one crushing concave, and pile the gravel hard to judge whether it has one crushing concave into one
pile.
4.3 Weigh the three piles of aggregate respectively, calculate the percentage of gravel sample which is hard
to judge one crushing concave occupying the total aggregate amount; if it is greater than 15%, sample shall be
taken thereof again carefully, until this part of proportion is less than 15%. Weigh it again, and calculate the
percentage of all parts
4.4 Repeat the process of 4.2 and 4.3, sought out crushing gravel with over two crushing concaves and
gravel with only one crushing concave from the crushing gravel with more than one crushing concaves, pile
them respectively into two piles, and pile the gravel hard to judge whether it has two crushing concaves into
three piles; calculate the percentage of these three piles of aggregate occupying in the total aggregate amount,
and sought again, until this percentage is less than 15%. Weigh the parts, and calculate the percentage of all
parts.
4.5 Each kind of sample shall be made with no less than two parallel tests.
5. Calculation
The percentage of crushing gravel accounting in the total aggregate amount is calculated by formula
(T0346-1):

F +Q/2
P= × 100 (T0346-1)
F +Q+ N
Where: P——Percentage of grave with more than one or two crushing concaves occupying in the total
aggregate amount (%);
F——Mass of aggregate comply with one or two crushing concaves (g);
N——Mass of aggregate does not comply with one or two crushing concaves (g);

52
 Q——Mass of aggregate hard to judge whether it complies with one or two crushing concaves (g);

T 0347-2000 Aggregate Base Number Test

1. Purpose and scope of application

This method is applicable to evaluate the adhesiveness between aggregate and asphalt.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Precision acidimeter
(2) Sulphuric acid: analytically pure
(3) Calcium carbonate: analytically pure, size is less than 0.075mm
(4) Pipette: 100mL
(5) Round flask: 250mL, with standard ground month
(6) Spherical reflex condenser: 60cm, with standard ground month assorted with the flask
(7) Temperature-controlled oil bath
(8) Oven
(9) Standard test sieves: 0.075mm
(10) Precision balance: the sensibility is no greater than 0.0001g
(11) Hammer and mortar for aggregate shattering
(12) Others: distilled water, beaker, 1L volumetric flask
3. Test preparation
3.1 Preparation of sulphuric acid standard solution
Add the 13.6mL analytically pure sulphuric acid slowly into the 1l volumetric flask contained with
500mL distilled water, and then, dilute it to 1L scale with distilled water, then the sulphuric acid with
concentration of about 0.25mol/L is obtained thereof.
3.2 Test the hydrogen ion concentration N0 of the standard sulphuric acid solution with precision
acidimeter
4. Test procedure
4.1 Prepare representative aggregate sample according to method specified in this test method, clean and
dry, and then crush, grind with mortar, sift through 0.075mm sieve, weigh 29±0.0002g rock flour and place it
in round flask.
4.2 Add 100mL standard sulphuric acid solution with concentration of 0.25mol/L into the flask, and
subsequently, place it in 130℃oil bath, back flow 30min (condensation water in the cooling pipe must be
opened when back flowing), remove the oil bath, cool down to room temperature (about 4h~6h)
4.3 Insert precision acidimeter in the supernatant liquor to test the hydrogen ion concentration N1 thereof.
4.4 Weigh 2g±0.0002g analytically pure calcium carbonate powder, place it in another round flask, and test
the hydrogen ion concentration N2 by the above process.
5. Calculation
The aggregate's base number is calculated by formula (T0347-1).
N 0 − N1
C= (T0347-1)
N0 − N2
Where: C——Base number of aggregate;
N0——Hydrogen ion concentration of standard sulphuric acid solution;
53
 N1——Test the hydrogen ion concentration of the liquor after aggregate and sulphuric acid reaction;
N2——Test the hydrogen ion concentration of the liquor after pure calcium carbonate and sulphuric acid
reaction;

T 0348-2005 Steel Scrap Activity and Dilatability Test

1. Purpose and scope of application

This method is applicable to evaluate the activity and dilatability of steel scrap employed as base and
asphalt layer materials.
Note: when evaluating the steel scrap performance, the free calcium oxide or magnesia content should be tested in addition.

2. Tools and materials

(1) Platform balance, platform balance and balance: if the balance is 20kg in scale, the sensibility is 10g;
if balance is 2g in scale, the sensibility is 1g
(2) Volumetric flask: 2000mL, with round glass dish cover
(3) Heating equipment: gas stove, electric furnace
(4) Funnel: glass funnel in diameter of 50mm
(5) Oven: it may control temperature to be 105℃±5℃.
(6) Test sieve: adopted upon request.
(7) One set of geotechnical engineering compaction test equipments: including metal cylinder with inside
diameter of 152mm and height of 170mm, cushion block inside the cylinder with lantern ring height of 50mm,
diameter of 151mm and height of 50mm, base and compaction device; the basal diameter of the compaction
hammer is 50mm, total mass is 4.5g; the total run of the compaction hammer in the conduit is 450mm.
(8) Porous plate: round hole in diameter of 148mm, covered with 2mm hole, made of brass, the porous
plate for the upper has dial indicator contact in the center, for installing the dial indicator for deformation
determination, or it may be replaced by porous absorption plate
(9) Aqueous thermostat: it can hold three 150mm samples at the same time; maintain the water
temperature to be 80℃±3℃ for over 6h continuously
(10) Water: distilled water, pure water
(11) Color comparison tube: standard colorimetric tube for industrial water
(12) Others: filter paper (for chemical analysis), shovel, brush, towel
3. Test procedure
3.1 Sample preparation
Take adequate amount of steel scrap sample from 1m inside the steel scrap stock pile, sampling and
mixing from over three parts, and treating by distributor method or quartation for test.
Note: the steel scrap test result is closely related to the sampling; if the steel scrap has already been crushed and deposited for long time, it may
basically complete expansion generally; the test result cannot reflect the non-expanded particles condition in the actual aggregate, so the sampling must
strive to represent the actual crushing and depositing condition of the steel scrap. Since the steel scrap covers porous and thickening one, it is necessary
to pay attention that its proportion is close to the actual condition.

3.2 Colorimetric test of steel scrap after encountering water is made by the following processes:
3.2.1 Standard liquid preparation: add distilled water in potassium dichromate according to concentration
of 0.006g/mL to prepare standard colorimetric solution, load the consequent liquid in 100mL color
comparison tube
3.2.2 Weigh 500g steel scrap at native state, place it in beaker, add about 1500mL pure water until the
54
beaker reticle, cover the glass dish cover
3.2.3 Heat the beaker on heat source, adjust the firepower to make it seethe in about 15min, and then,
adjust into low fire ebullience state for 45min, 1h in total
3.2.4 After heating, immediately dismount the beaker, add water to the beaker reticle, and stir properly
3.2.5 Filter with funnel and filter paper, reject the 20mL filtered fluid in the initial stage, and continue to
filter to obtain 300mL filtered fluid as the colorimetric solution
3.2.6 Load the 100mL colorimetric solution into color comparison tube, place a blank sheet at the back,
compare with the standard colorimetric solution to evaluate whether the color is normal. This process must be
complete within 20min after being heated.
3.3 The steel scrap dilatability is tested by the following processes:
3.3.1 Heavy type compaction test shall be made by making use of actual asphalt mixture grades of the
engineering in accordance with base material compaction test method; the compaction hammer is 4.5kg, fall
distance is 45cm, load in three layers, each compaction covers 90 times, so as to determine the optimal water
ratio and maximum dry density.
3.3.2 Sift the natural drying steel scrap into grades, prepare at least three sample mixtures for heavy type
compaction test in diameter of 150mm according to the actual engineering grades, each sample is about 7kg.
Mix evenly it by adding water according to optimal water ratio±1%, and store it in closed container for 24h.
3.3.3 Load indenter in the die trial, pave filter paper, compact to mold it, after compaction, take down the
sleeve, level the sample surface with ruler drawknife, the scraped coarse aggregate and all the fine gaps are
leveled by fines, cover the flat slab. Carefully reverse the die trial and cover plate together, take away the
bottom slab and indenter cushion block; pave filter paper again, fit on porous bottom slab, reverse the die trial,
the top is covered porous plate with contact in the center, scrub the exterior and up-and-down top surfaces of
the die trial.
3.3.4 Put the die trial in the aqueous thermostat and the die trial shall be submerged in water completely.
3.3.5 Press 4 pieces of semicircular loading plates on the porous plate, 1.25kg for each and 5kg for all.
Dial indicator support and dial indicator for test the sample expansion are installed thereon, and the dial
indicator shall accurately align the central contact and maintain to be vertical.
3.3.6 Immediately read initial reading d0 of dial indicator
3.3.7 Begin to heat up to 80℃±3℃, continuous for 6h since it reaches the required temperature, stop
heating, natural cooling, read the dial indicator reading di before heating on the next day; do so every day,
heat and cool once in the same time, last for 10 days.
3.3.8 Read final reading d10 of dial indicator in the next day after completion; end the test and dismantle
the testing equipments.
Note: three samples should be made in a water bath when testing.

3.4 steel scrap asphalt concrete expansion is tested by the following methods:
3.4.1 Standard Marshall Sample is made according to actual mixing proportion of the steel scrap asphalt
mixtures, no less than three in quantity, and carefully tests the three sections in the radius direction with
callipers, test 4 parts in the height direction and calculate the sample volume V1.
3.4.2 Soak the sample in 60℃±1℃aqueous thermostat for health preserving 72h
3.4.3 Take out the sample, cool down to room temperature, observe whether it has crack or bulge, and
immediately test the sample volume V2 according to the same method.
4. Calculation
4.1 The steel scrap expansion is calculated by formula (T0348-1).

55
 d10 − d 0
C1 = × 100 (T0348-1)
125
Where: C1——Steel scrap expansion (%);
d0——Initial reading of dial indicator (0.01mm);
d10——Final reading of dial indicator in the next day after the completion (0.01mm)
4.2 The expansion of steel scrap asphalt concrete is calculated by formula (T0348-2).
V2 − V1
C2 = × 100 (T0348-2)
V1
Where: C2——Expansion of steel scrap asphalt concrete (%);
V1——Sample volume before soaking and health preserving (cm3);
V2——Sample volume after soaking and health preserving (cm3);
5. Report
5.1 Colorimetric test of water-encountered steel scrap shall record the color comparison variation.
5.2 Parallel test three samples for the steel scrap expansion; the average value thereof is taken as the test
result.
5.3 Expansion of steel scrap asphalt concrete takes the average value of the three samples as the test result.
The report shall specify whether the steel scrap asphalt concrete sample has crack and bulge.

4 Fine Aggregate Test

T 0327-2005 Fine Aggregate Sieving Test

1 Purpose and scope of application

Measure the grain composition and thickness of fine aggregate (natural sand, manufactured sand, stone
dust). Dry-sieve method may be adopted for fine aggregate used for cement concrete, water-washing sieving
also may be adopted if required; for the fine aggregate used for asphalt mixture and foundation course,
water-washing sieving must be adopted.
Note: as fine aggregate maintained with coarse aggregate, water washing sieving may be adopted according to aforesaid methods, but the
screening surface protection of standard test sieves must pay special attention to avoid of damage.

2 Tools and materials

(1) Standard test sieves
(2) Balance: weigh 1000g, sensitive quantity no greater than 0.5g.
(3) Sieve shaker
(4) Baking oven: temperature can be controlled at 105℃±5℃.
(5) Other: trays, hard and soft brushes.
3 Test preparation
Suitable standard test sieves can be adopted according to the size of maximum particle size in the sample;
in general, 9.5mm sieve (natural sand used for cement concrete) or 4.75mm sieve (natural sand, screenings,
crushed sand used for asphalt pavement and foundation course) is adopted to screen out over particle size
materials in the sample. Afterward, sample shall be mixed equably under the moist condition, and then

56
concentrated and divided into two parts by distributor and quartering sample, as each part shall not fewer than
550g; baked to constant weight in baking oven which with a temperature of 105℃±5℃, and then cooled
down to room temperature for standby.
Note: constant weight means the difference of neighbouring two weight, which with a weighing interval greater than 3h (no fewer than 6h in
general), is less than the required weighing degree of accurate to this test, the same below.

4 Testing procedure
4.1 Dry-sieve method Testing procedure
4.1.1 Weighing 500g (m1) baked sample accurately, accurate to 0.5g; placed sample on the topmost
bushing screen (namely 4.75mm sieve),and then bushing screen put in sieve shaker and shaking sieve about
10min; take out bushing screen and carry out hand sieve on the clean tray, in this process, according to the
sequence of screen hole size, start from the maximal size of mesh, until the shaken out quantity of each
minute not exceeding 0.1% of surplus on the sieve; shaken out grain shall be merged into next size sieve and
sieving together with sample of next size sieve, carry out according to this sequence until sieving of all size
sieves is completed.
1 Sample quality may be reduced to 100g if sample is special fine sand.
Note: ○
2 Dry-sieve method should not be adopted if the silt content of sample more than 5%.
○
3 Hand sieve may be adopted directly if there is no sieve shaker.
○

4.1.2 Weighing the quality of surplus sample of each sieve, accurate to 0.5g. Difference between overall
weight of screen residue quantity of each sieve and surplus in the tray, and the overall weight of sample
before sieving, is no more than 1% of the latter.
4.2 Testing procedure of water-washing method
4.2.1 Weighing about 500g (m1) baked sample accurately, accurate to 0.5g.
4.2.2 Sample placed into a clean vessel, and then add in enough uncontaminated water, until aggregate is
inundated fully.
4.2.3 Aggregate shall be mixed round adequately by stirrer, surface of aggregate shall be cleaned up;
make fine powder suspending in the water but no aggregate spill from water.
4.2.4 A bushing screen composed of 1.18mm sieve and 0.075mm sieve shall be used. Suspension in the
vessel, which mixed with fine powder, shall be poured out carefully and slowly; suspension through bushing
screen flow into another vessel, but no aggregate poured out.
Note: suspension shall not pour on 0.075mm sieve directly, in order to avoid of aggregate drop out and damage screening surface.

4.2.5 Repeat 4.2.2~4.2.4 process, until poured out water is clean and grain less than 0.075mm was
poured out fully
4.2.6 Aggregate in the vessel should be poured into enamel tray, flushing with little water, in order to
make aggregate grain attached on the vessel all poured into enamel tray. Overturn sieve and flushing with
little water, in order to make aggregate on the sieve flow into enamel tray. No aggregate missing in the
operational process.
4.2.7 Enamel tray together with aggregate placed into 105℃±5℃ baking oven and baked to constant
weight, and then weighing gross mass of dry aggregate sample, accurate to 0.1%. Weight difference between
m1 and m2 namely the part which through 0.075mm sieve.
4.2.8 A bushing screen shall be composed of all required screen hole (except 0.075mm sieve), placed dry
aggregate sample (which already remove the gain size less than 0.075mm) on the bushing screen (namely
4.75mm sieve), and then bushing screen put in sieve shaker and shaking sieve about 10min; take out bushing
screen and carry out hand sieve on the clean tray, in this process, according to the sequence of screen hole size,
start from the maximal size of mesh, until the shaken out quantity of each minute not exceeding 0.1% of

57
surplus on the sieve; shaken out grain shall be merged into next size sieve and sieving together with sample of
next size sieve, carry out according to this sequence until sieving of all size sieves is completed.
Note: in the case of aggregate combination contained with coarse aggregate, screen hole of bushing screen shall be selected as required.

4.2.9 Weighing the quality of surplus sample of each sieve, accurate to 0.5g. Difference between gross
mass of screen residue quantity of each sieve and surplus in the tray, and the total mass of sample before and
after sieving, is no more than 1% of the latter.
5 Calculation
5.1 Calculation of screen residue percentage of subdivided quantity.
Percentage of subdivided screen residue of each sieve is the percentage of screen residue quality on the
sieve divided by overall weight of sample (m1), accurate to 0.1%. For the fine aggregate used for asphalt
pavement, undersize fraction under 0.15mm sieve namely screen residue of 0.075mm sieve; according to
Article 4.2.7, measured difference between m1 and m2 namely screen bottom of sieve which less than
0.075mm.
5.2 Calculation of percentage of accumulative total screen residue
Percentage of accumulative total screen residue of each size sieve, namely the sum of percentage of
subdivided screen residue of this size sieve and other size sieve which greater than this size, accurate to 0.1%.
5.3 Calculation of pass percentage of weight
Pass percentage of weight of each sieve equal to 100 subtract percentage of accumulative total screen
residue of this size sieve, accurate to 0.1%.
5.4 Grading curve shall be drawn according to the percentage of accumulative total screen residue and
passing percentage of each size sieve.
5.5 Fineness modulus of natural sand can be calculated by formula ( T0327-1), accurate to 0.01.
( A + A0.3 + A0.6 + A1.18 + A2.36 ) − 5 A4.75
M x = 0.15 (T037-1)
100 − A4.75
Where: Mx——Fineness modulus of sand;
A0.15, A0.3, …, A4.75——Percentage (%) of accumulative total screen residue of each size sieve (for example
0.15mm, 0.3mm…, 4.75mm).
5.6 Two parallel tests shall be carried out, and takes arithmetical mean of test result as measured value. In
the case of fineness modulus difference of two tests greater than 0.2, test shall be reopened.

T 0328-2005 Apparent Density Test of Fine Aggregate (Volumetric Flask

Method)

1 Purpose and scope of application

At the temperature of 23℃, measuring the apparent specific gravity and apparent density of fine
aggregate (natural sand, screenings, crushed sand) in volumetric flask method. This method is applicable to
the fine aggregate with little aggregate greater than 2.36mm.
2 Tools and materials
(1) Balance: weigh 1kg, sensitive quantity no greater than 1g.
(2) Volumetric flask: 500mL.
(3) Baking oven: temperature can be controlled at 105℃±5℃.

58
 (4) Beaker: 500mL.
(5) Uncontaminated water.
(6) Other: desiccator, tray, aluminium ladle, thermometer etc.
3 Test preparation
Sample shall be concentrated to 550g, and baked to constant weight in baking oven which with a
temperature of 105℃±5℃, and then cooled down to room temperature in the desiccator, divided into two
parts for standby.
4 Testing procedure
4.1 Weighing about 300g (m0) baked sample and put into a volumetric flask with half bottle of
uncontaminated water.
4.2 Rocking-turn volumetric flask, in order to make sample mixed round adequately in the water with a
constant temperature of 23℃±1.7℃ and eliminate air bubble; and then plug up bottle cork and resting for
about 24h at homothermal condition; after that, fill water with burette until water surface and bottleneck
calibration tails at the same level, plug up bottle cork again, towel off water on the outer surface of bottle and
weighing its gross mass (m2).
4.3 Pour out water and sample in the volumetric flask, clean up inner and outer surface of bottle; and then
fill in uncontaminated water with the same temperature (temperature difference not more than 2℃), until the
water surface and bottleneck calibration tails at the same level, plug up bottle cork, towel off water on the
outer surface of bottle and weighing its gross mass (m1).
Note: in the process of sand apparent density test, temperature of water shall be measured and controlled, and the temperature difference during
test shall not more than 1℃.

5 Calculation
5.1 Apparent specific gravity of fine aggregate can be calculated according to formula (T0328-1) and
calculated to 2 decimal places.
m0
γa = (T0328-1)
m0 + m1 − m2
Where: γa——Apparent specific gravity of fine aggregate, dimensionless;
m0——Baked quality of sample (g);
m1——Gross mass of water and volumetric flask (g);
m2——Gross mass of sample, water and volumetric flask (g);
5.2 Apparent gravity ρa can be calculated according to formula (T0328-2) and calculated to 2 decimal
places.

ρ a = γ a × ρT or ρ a = (γ a − α w ) (T0328-2)

Where: ρa——Apparent density of fine aggregate (g/cm3) ;

ρw——Density of water at the temperature of 4℃(g/cm3) ;
αT——Compensation factor of water temperature effect on the water density in the process of test,
selected from Table B-1 of Appendix B;
ρT——Water density (g/cm3) at the test temperature T, selected from Table B-1 of Appendix B.
6 Report
Arithmetical mean of two parallel test results shall be taken as measured value; in the case of the
difference of two test results is greater than 0.01g/cm3, resample and retest shall be carried out.

59
 T 0330-2005 Fine Aggregate Density and Water Absorption Test

1 Purpose and scope of application

1.1 At the temperature of 23℃, measuring the bulk specific gravity, apparent specific gravity and saturated
surface-dry bulk specific gravity of fine aggregate (natural sand, crushed sand, screenings) in slump cone
method.
1.2 Measuring water absorption of fine aggregate (natural sand, crushed sand, screenings), which in
saturate-surface-dry condition of aggregate, in slump cone method.
1.3 At the temperature of 23℃, measuring the bulk density, apparent gravity and saturated surface-dry
density of fine aggregate (natural sand, crushed sand, screenings) in slump cone method.
1.4 This method is applicable to the fine aggregate which less than 2.36mm or below. If contain with fine
aggregate which greater than 2.36mm, for example, 0~4.75mm screenings, 2.36mm standard sieve shall be
adopted for sieving; in which, T 0308 "Coarse Aggregate Density and Water Absorption Measuring Method"
shall be taken to measure the fine aggregate which greater than 2.36mm, and the fine aggregate which smaller
than 2.36mm will be measured by this method.
2 Tools and materials
(1) Balance: weigh 1kg, sensitive quantity no greater than 0.1g.
(2) Saturated surface-dry specimen mould: slump cone with upper caliber 40mm±3mm, bottom caliber
90mm±3mm, high 75mm±3mm (see Figure T0330-1).

Figure T0330-1 Saturated Surface-dry Specimen Mould and Its Tamper (Dimensional unit: mm)
1- tamper; 2- specimen mould; 3- glass plate
(3) Tamper: metal rod with diameter 25mm±3mm, weight 340g±15g (figure T0330-1).
(4) Beaker: 500mL.
(5) Volumetric flask: 500mL.
(6) Baking oven: temperature can be controlled at 105℃±5℃.
60
 (7) Uncontaminated water: temperature is 23℃±1.7℃.
(8) Other: desiccator, blower(portable) , tray, aluminium ladle, glass rod, thermometer etc.
3 Test preparation
3.1 Sample shall be sieved by 2.36mm standard sieve, in order to remove the part which greater than
2.36mm. Sample shall be mixed equably under the moist condition, and then concentrated and divided into
two parts by distributor and quartering sample, as each part shall be about 1000g; and then fill in tray or other
appropriate vessel.
3.2 Fill in uncontaminated water, until water surface about 20mm higher than sample surface ( water
temperature shall be measured and controlled at 23℃±1.7℃), mixed round serially with glass rod for 5min, in
order to eliminate air bubble, and then resting for 24h.
3.3 Poured out water above the sample carefully, but must not poured out fine powder, surplus water shall
be removed by sucker.
3.4 Sample will be laid open in the tray, and then warm air insufflated slowly by portable blower, keep on
turn over and mix round sample; for the purpose of achieve preconcerted saturate-surface-dry condition of
aggregate, water on each part of aggregate surface shall be vapored equably. No fine powder lost in the
process of dry with a blower.
3.5 Sample shall be put in saturated surface dry specimen mould loosely at one time, pugged slightly with
tamper for 25 times; the distance between end surface of tamper and the sample surface shall not greater than
10mm, make tamper free dropping. Mould mouth shall be strickled after pugged, the gap need not to refill, if
any.
3.6 Lift specimen mould at the vertical direction slowly: if sample keep taper without slump, means that
aggregate remain contain with surface water, aforesaid process shall be continued to carry out hot air dry and
test, until sample start to occur slump after lifted specimen mould. If sample slump too much after lifted
specimen mould, means that sample had been dried overly; in the case, sample shall be watered about 5mL
equably, after mixed round adequately and resting in sealed vessel for 30min, carry out test according to
aforesaid processes, until achieved saturate-surface-dry condition of aggregate. Criterion standard of
saturate-surface-dry condition of aggregate: for natural sand, standard state is "upper part of sample central
zone form into about 2/3 cone, namely slump about 1/3"; for crushed sand and screenings, takes "when
remove slump cone and slump arisen for the first time, water ratio in this time is the maximal water ratio" as
saturate-surface-dry condition of aggregate.
4 Testing procedure
4.1 Weighing about 30% of saturated surface dry sample immediately (m3).
4.2 Sample shall be put into volumetric flask swiftly, no evaporation of water and aggregate particle lost,
and then fill in uncontaminated water to 450mL scale. Turn round volumetric flask to eliminate air bubble, fill
in water carefully to 500mL scale, plug up bottle cork and dry up moisture content on the outer surface, after
that weighing their overall weight (m2).
4.3 Pour out all aggregate sample and clean inside and outside of bottle; fill in the same water (water
temperature needed to measure every time, water temperature should be 23℃±1.7℃, difference between two
water temperatures no greater than 2℃) to 500mL scale; plug up bottle cork and dry up moisture content on
the outer surface, weighing their overall weight (m1). Poured out aggregate sample will be placed into baking
oven ( 105℃±5℃) and baked to constant weight, after cool down in desiccator at room temperature,
weighing dry sample (m0).
5 Calculation
5.1 Fine aggregate's apparent specific gravity γa, saturated surface-dry bulk specific gravity γs and bulk

61
specific gravity γb can be calculated according to formula (T0330-1), (T0330-2), (T0330-3) and calculated to
3 decimal places.
m0
γa = (T0330-1)
m0 + m1 − m2
m3
γs = (T0330-2)
m3 + m1 − m2
m0
γb = (T0330-3)
m3 + m1 − m2
Where: γa——Apparent specific gravity of fine aggregate, dimensionless;
γs——Saturated surface-dry bulk specific gravity of fine aggregate, dimensionless;
γb——Bulk specific gravity of fine aggregate, dimensionless;
m0——Baked weight of sample (g);
m1——Gross mass of water and volumetric flask (g);
m2——Gross mass of saturated surface-dry sample, water and volumetric flask (g);
m3——Weight of saturated surface dry sample (g).
5.2 Fine aggregate's apparent gravity ρa, saturated surface-dry density ρs and bulk density ρb can be
calculated according to formula (T0330-4), (T0330-5), (T0330-6) and calculated to 3 decimal places.

ρa = (γ a − αT ) × ρ w (T0330-4)

ρ s = (γ s − αT ) × ρ w (T0330-5)

ρb = ( γ b − α T ) × ρ w (T3330-6)

Where: ρa——Apparent density of aggregate(g/cm3) ;

ρs——Saturated surface-dry density of aggregate(g/cm3) ;
ρb——Bulk density of aggregate(g/cm3) ;
ρw——Density of water at the temperature of 4℃(g/cm3) ;
αT——Compensation factor of water temperature effect on the water density in the process of test,
selected from Table B-1 of Appendix B;
5.3 Water absorption of fine aggregate can be calculated according to formula (T0327-7), accurate to
0.01%.
m − m0
ϖx = 3 × 100 (T0330-7)
m0
Where: ωx——Water absorption of aggregate (%);
m3——Weight of saturated surface dry sample (g);
m0——Baked weight of sample (g).
5.4 If water absorption of fine aggregate need to be calculated according to saturate-surface-dry condition
of aggregate on the base of special needs, saturated surface-dry water absorption of fine aggregate can be
calculated according to formula (T0330-8), accurate to 0.01%; but it must indicated in report.
m − m0
ϖ 'x = 3 × 100 (T0330-8)
m3
Where: ω'x——Saturated surface dry water absorption of aggregate (%);
m3——Weight of saturated surface dry sample (g);
m0——Baked weight of sample (g).

62
6 Precision and permissible difference
6.1 Arithmetical mean of two parallel test results shall be taken as measured value of bulk density and
saturated surface-dry density; in the case of the difference of two test results and average value is greater than
0.01g/cm3, resample and retest shall be carried out.
6.2 Arithmetical mean of two parallel test results shall be taken as measured value of water absorption; in
the case of the difference of two test results and average value is greater than 0.02%, resample and retest shall
be carried out.

T 0331-1994 Accumulated Density and Loading Density Test Of Fine Aggregate

1 Purpose and scope of application

Measuring accumulated density, loading density and void ratio of sand at natural state.
2 Tools and materials
(1) Platform balance: weigh 5kg, sensitive quantity is 5g.
(2) Measuring cylinder: metal, cylindrical form; inside diameter is 108mm, clear height is 109mm,
thickness of cylinder wall is 2mm and thickness of cylinder bottom is 5mm; cubage is about 1L.
(3) Standard funnel (see figure T0331-1).

Figure T0331-1 Standard Funnel (Dimensional unit: mm)

1-Funnel; 2-φ20mmPipe; 3-Dodge gate; 4-Sieve; 5-Metal measuring cylinder
(4) Baking oven: temperature can be controlled at 105℃±5℃.
(5) Other: ladle, ruler, tray etc.
3 Test preparation
3.1 Sample preparation: takes about 5kg sample and put in tray, and baked to constant weight in baking
oven which with a temperature of 105℃±5℃, after that took out and cooled down to room temperature,
divided into two equal parts for standby.
Note: if there is agglomeration in the sample after baked, agglomerations shall be crumbed before test.

3.2 Corrector method of measuring cylinder cubage: fill the measuring cylinder with uncontaminated water
with a temperature of 20℃±5℃, glass plate shall be slippaged along the nozzle and make it hang to water
63
surface, no gap between the glass plate and water surface. Dry up water on the external cylinder wall, then
weighting, cubage V of cylinder can be calculated by formula (T0331-1).

V = m '2 − m '1 (T0331-1)

Where: V——Cubage of measuring cylinder (mL);

m'1——Gross mass of measuring cylinder and glass plate (g);
m'2——Gross mass of measuring cylinder, glass plate and water (g).
4 Test procedure
4.1 Accumulated density: sample will be put in funnel, open dodge gate on the bottom of funnel, and the
sand will flow into measuring cylinder; sample also can be put into measuring cylinder by ladle directly, but
the distance from nozzle of measuring cylinder to the discharge port of funnel or ladle shall be controlled at
about 50mm. After measuring cylinder was filled and went beyond the nozzle, unwanted sample shall be
strickled by ruler along the central line to two reverse directions, after that, weighting their weight (m1).
4.2 Loading density: take one part sample and put into measuring cylinder for two layers. After filled one
layer, a steel bar with 10mm in diameter shall be put in the bottom of cylinder; cylinder shall be pined against
and hit with ground slightly, alternate from right to left for 25 times; after that, fill in the second layer.
The second layer shall be tamped in the same method after filled up (but the direction of two steel bars
bedded in the bottom of cylinder shall be orthogonal). After two layers was filled and tamped, unwanted
sample and went beyond the nozzle shall be strickled by ruler along the central line to two reverse directions;
after that, weighting their weight (m2).
5 Calculation
5.1 Accumulated density and loading density shall be calculated to 3 decimal places according to formula
(T0331-2) and formula (T0331-3) respectively.
m − m0
ρ= 1 (T0331-2)
V
m − m0
ρ'= 2 (T0331-3)
V
Where: ρ——Accumulated density of sand (g/cm3);
ρ'——Loading density of sand (g/cm3);
m0——Weight of cylinder (g);
m1——Gross mass of cylinder and accumulated sand (g);
m2——Gross mass of cylinder and loading sand (g);
V——Cubage of cylinder (mL).
5.2 Percentage of voids in sand can be calculated according to formula (T0331-4), accurate to 0.1%.

⎛ ρ ⎞
n = ⎜1 − ⎟ × 100 (T0331-4)
⎝ ρa ⎠
Where: n——Percentage of voids in sand (%);
ρ——Accumulated density or loading density of accumulated sand (g/cm3);
ρa——Apparent density of sand (g/cm3);
6 Report
Arithmetical mean of two test results shall be taken as measured value.

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 T 0332-2005 Water Ratio Test of Fine Aggregate

1 Purpose and scope of application

Measuring water ratio of fine aggregate
2 Tools and materials
(1) Baking oven: temperature can be controlled at 105℃±5℃.
(2) Balance: weighing 2kg, sensitive quantity no greater than 2g.
(3) Vessel: tray etc.
3 Testing procedure
Takes two sets of representative sample (500g) form each sample, put sample into dry vessels (weight is
known) and weighting, note down the gross mass (m2) of each sample and vessel. Put sample together with
vessel into baking oven and baked to constant weight at the temperature of 105℃±5℃, and then weighting
the gross mass (m3) of baked sample and vessel.
4 Calculation
Water ratio of fine aggregate can be calculated according to formula (T0332-1), accurate to 0.1%.
m − m3
ϖ= 2 × 100 (T0332-1)
m3 − m1
Where: ω——Water ratios of fine aggregate (%);
m1——Weight of vessel (g);
m2——Gross mass of vessel and unbaked sample (g);
m3——Gross mass of vessel and baked sample (g);
5 Report
Arithmetical mean of two test results shall be taken as measured value.

T 0333-2000 Silt content test of fine aggregate (sieving method)

1 Purpose and scope of application

1.1 This method only used for measure the content of dust, silt and clay (whose particle size less than
0.075mm) in natural sand.
1.2 This method inapplicable to the fine aggregate with more powdered ore, for example manufactured
sand and screenings.
2 Tools and materials
(1) Balance: weigh 1kg, sensitive quantity no greater than 1g.
(2) Baking oven: temperature can be controlled at 105℃±5℃.
(3) Standard test sieves: 0.075mm pore diameter and 1.18mm square mesh sieve.
(4) Other: cylinder, tray etc.
3 Test preparation
Sample shall be concentrated and divided in each part about 1000g by quartering sample, and baked to
constant weight in baking oven which with a temperature of 105℃±5℃, after cooled down to room
temperature, weighting two sets of sample (about 400g, m0) for standby.
4 Testing procedure

65
 4.1 Taken a portion of baked sample and put into cylinder, filled in uncontaminated water until water
surface about 200mm higher than sand surface; sample shall be mixed round adequately and soaked for 24h;
afterward, washing sample in the water by hand, in order to separate dust, silt, clay and sand grain from
sample; as sample suspension in water, turbid liquid shall be poured on bushing screen to filter off the grain
which less than 0.075mm. Both sides of sieve shall be wetted by water before test. Attention shall be paid to
avoid of sand grain lost in the process of testing.
Note: sample shall not be washed on 0.075mm sieve directly, or put on 0.075mm sieve and washing in the water, in order to avoid of sand grain
which less than washed away as silt.

4.2 Filling water in the cylinder again, repeat aforesaid processes until leaching out water from the sand
sample cylinder is limpidity.
4.3 Surplus fine grains on the sieve shall be washed by water, and 0.075mm sieve shall be placed in water
(water surface may a little higher than upper surface of sand grains on the sieve) and waggled, in order to
remove grains which less than 0.075mm adequately; afterward, surplus grains on the two sieves and scrubbed
sample in the cylinder shall be filled in tray together, placed into baking oven and baked to constant weight at
the temperature of 105℃±5℃; cool down to room temperature and weigh the weight of sample (m1).
5 Calculation
Silt contents of sand can be calculated to 0.1% according to formula (T0331-1).
m − m1
Qn = 0 × 100 (T0333-1)
m0
Where: : Qn——Silt contents of sand (%);
m0——Weight of baked sample before test (g);
m1——Weight of baked sample after test (g);
Arithmetical mean of two sample test results shall be taken as measured value. Resample and retest shall
be carried out if the difference of two test results more than 0.5%.

T 0334-2005 Sand Valent Weight Test of Fine Aggregate

1 Purpose and scope of application

1.1 This method is applicable to measure the clay soil or impurity content in all kinds of fine aggregates
(natural sand, manufactured sand, screenings), in order to assess the cleanliness of aggregate. Sand valent
weight expressed as SE.
1.2 This method is applicable to the nominal maximum particle of aggregate not more than 4.75mm.
2 Tools and materials
(1) Tools
○1 Transparent and cylindrical cylinder: see figure T0334-1, made by transparent plastic; outside
diameter is 40mm±0.5mm, inside diameter is 32mm±0.25mm, height is420mm±0.25mm. Calibration tails
scored at 100mm and 380mm to the bottom of cylinder, nozzle of cylinder equipped with rubber stopper.

66
 Calibration tails

Calibration tails

Figure T0334-1 Transparent and Cylindrical Cylinder (Dimensional unit: mm)

○2 Washing pipe: see figure T0334-2; made up of a crooked rigid tube, made by stainless steel or cold
forging steel, its outside diameter is 6mm±0.5mm, inside diameter is 4mm±0.2mm. Upper part of tube
equipped with a switch, under part is a stainless steel, on both sides of which is perforated tip, pore diameter
is 1mm±0.1mm.

Figure T0334-2 Washing Pipe (Dimensional unit: mm)

○3 Transparent glass or plastic tank: cubage is 5L; there is a siphon placed in the tank; bottom surface of

67
tank 1m higher than workbench.
○4 Rubber tube (or plastic tube): length is about 1.5m, inside diameter is about 5mm; connecting with
washing pipe and used for imbibition; equipped with metal clip to control the flow of washing fluid.
○5 Balance weight plunger: see figure T0334-3; made up of a pole with length of 440mm±0.25mm, a
foundation plate with diameter of 25mm±0.1mm (flat and smooth undersurface, vertical to pole shaft), sleeve
and counterweight. Plunger can be held at the middle of cylinder by three transverse screws, there is a tiny
gap between plunger and cylinder.

Figure T0334-3 Balance Weight Plunger (Dimensional unit: mm)

Sleeve is made by brass or stainless steel, its thickness is 10mm±0.1mm; the size of sleeve is fit for
cylinder; sleeve can be used to conduct piston rod and mark descending position of plunger in the cylinder. A
screw on the sleeve can be used to fix piston rod. Balance weight is 1kg±5g.
○6 Mechanical oscillator: it can make cylinder result in transverse oscillation, amplitude is
203mm±1.0mm, frequency is 180±2 times/min.
○7 Balance: weighing 1kg, sensitive quantity no greater than 0.1g.
○8 Baking oven: temperature can be controlled at 105℃±5℃.
○9 Stopwatch.
1○0 Standard test sieves: mesh is 4.75mm.

1○1 Thermometer.

1○2 Wide-mouth funnel: made by glass or plastic, diameter of mouth is about 100mm.

1○3 Steel rule: length is 50cm and scale is 1mm.

1○4 Other: measuring cylinder (500mL), bunsen beaker (1L), plastic tank (5L), beaker, tray, drawknife,

ladle etc.

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 (2) Reagent
○1 Calcium chloride anhydrous (CaCl2): analytical pure, content is more than 96%, molecular weight is
110.99; pure product is achromatous and cubic crystal, high solubility in the water, large numbers of thermal
will be discharged in the process of solution; its water solution is subacid and with certain corrosiveness.
○2 Glyceryl alcohol (C3H8O3): i.e. glycerin, analytical pure, content is more than 98%, molecular weight
is 92.09.
○3 Formaldehyde (HCHO): analytical pure, content is more than 36%, molecular weight is 30.03.
○4 Uncontaminated water or pure water
3 Test preparation
3.1 Sample preparation
3.1.1 Sample shall be passed through the sieve with a pore diameter of 4.75mm, remove coarse particles
on the sieve, sample weight shall not less than 1000g. If sample is over-dried, it can be wetted with little water
(water ratio is about 3%) before sieved, clods in the sample shall be broken up by a hammer wrapped with
rubber; afterward, sieving sample, in order to prevent of clods sieved out as coarse particles. In the case of
coarse particles wrapped with impurity which can not removed in the process of sieving, coarse aggregate on
the sieve shall be washed and reclaimed fine particles in which and put into sample.
Note: in the process of preparation of thin paste sealing coat and tiny surface composite, 4.75mm
aggregate generally is combination of two (or above) aggregates: for example, admixture of 3mm~5mm and
3mm below screenings, or mix composition of screenings and natural sand, sand valent weight of each
aggregate can be determined according to this method, and the synthetical sand valent weight can be
calculated according to the component proportion. For the purpose of reduce workload, it is common practice
that mix sample according to mixture ratio into mix composition, and then sieved with 4.75mm sieve, and
measure the sand valent weight of aggregate combination, in order to judge whether the material is qualified.
3.1.2 Water ratio of sample can be determined according to the method of T0332. Sample which used for
shall not be lost water content during water ratio measurement and sampling test.
Due to sample was wetted by water, water ratio of sample shall be determined according to current water
ratio measuring method, and average value of two measurements shall be taken as water ratio, accurate to
0.1%. Sample which after water ratio test shall not be used for other test.
3.1.3 Weighing wet weight of sample
Sample’s wet weight which equivalent to 120g dry sample can be calculated according to measured
water ratio and formula (T0334-1), accurate to 0.1g.
120 × (100 + ω )
m1 = (T0334-1)
100
Where: ω——Water ratios of aggregate sample (%);
m1——Weight of wetted sample which equivalent to 120g dry sample (g).
3.2 Washing fluid preparation
3.2.1 The quantity of washing fluid shall be determined as required, generally, prepare 5L at one time, it
may be carried out 10 times of test. In the case of less test number, washing fluid can be scaled down; but for
the purpose of reduce experiment error, it should not less than 2L. Concentration of washing fluid can be
determined by control the content of calcium chloride, glycerin, methyl aldehyde at 2.79g, 12.12g, 0.34g per
litre. Dosage of all kinds of reagent in the preparation of 5L washing fluid: calcium chloride 14.0g; glycerin
60.6g; methyl aldehyde 1.7g.
3.2.2 Take anhydrous calcium chloride 14.0g and put into beaker, filled with uncontaminated water
30mL for sufficient colliquate, temperature of solution at this time will rise up; after solution cool down to

69
room temperature, observe that whether the sample contain with insoluble impurity, if any, impurity in the
solution must be filtered by filter paper, in order to remove insoluble impurity.
3.2.3 Fill congruent uncontaminated water to dilute solution, add glycerin 60.6g and mix round equably
with glass rod; add formaldehyde 1.7g and mix round equably with glass rod and pour into 1L measuring
cylinder; vessels of aforesaid 3 reagents shall be washed with little uncontaminated water, and washing water
of each vessel shall be poured into measuring cylinder; in the end, add uncontaminated water to 1L calibration
tails.
3.2.4 Decant 1L blended solution into plastic tank or other vessels, fill into 4L uncontaminated water or
pure water in order to dilute to 5L±0.005L. Washing fluid's service temperature shall be 22℃±3℃, and
service life shall not exceed 2 weeks, it must be disused after 2 weeks.
Note: in suitable condition, high concentration washing fluid can be purchased from specialized agency, use diluted solution as requested.

4 Testing procedure
4.1 Pour washing fluid into cylinder with washing pipe, until to the lowest scale of 100mm (required about
80mL washing fluid used for test).
4.2 Decant wet sample which equivalent to 120g±1g dry sample into bristling cylinder by funnel carefully.
4.3 Repeating knock then bottom of cylinder by hand to remove air bubble, and make sample wetted as
soon as possible; afterward, standing for 10min.
4.4 After sample standing for 10min±1min, plug up cylinder with rubber plug, lateral level placed cylinder
by hand or level fixed cylinder on the oscillator.
4.5 Start up mechanical oscillator and vibrating 90 times within 30s±1s. In the process of vibrating, just
need to shake wrist but need not to shake arm, in order to maintain a amplitude of 230mm±25mm, duration
and times of oscillation shall be the same as mechanical oscillator.
4.6 Insert washing pipe into cylinder and wash aggregate attached on the tunnel wall by washing fluid, and
then insert washing pipe swiftly into the bottom of cylinder, keep on turning the washing pipe, in order to
make soil grain and ippurity which attached on the surface of aggregate floating up.
4.7 Uniform velocity and slowly pull out washing pipe upwards; when washing pipe drawn out from liquid
level and the liquid level stay at the 380mm calibration tails, cut off the liquid stream of washing pipe to make
liquid level stay at 380mm calibration tails; afterward, start up the stopwatch and standing for 20min±15s
without destabilization.
4.8 As shown in figure T0334-4, after standing for 20min, measure the height between the bottom of
cylinder to the liquid level of floccule coagulation (h1).

70
 Figure T0334-1 Schematic Diagram of Reading
4.9 Insert balance weight plunger slowly into cylinder, until contract with precipitate, screw down fix
screws on the sleeve. Take out plunger and insert ruler into the uncork of sleeve, measure the height between
from sleeve superface to piston bottom, accurate to 1mm. Simultaneously, record the temperature of cylinder,
accurate to 1℃.
4.10 Carry out parallel test on two samples according to aforesaid processes.
1 In order not to effect the process of depositing, test must be carried out on the vibrationless horizontal stand. Check the washing pipe at
Note: ○
any moment, in order to avoid of blockade.
2 Because of plastic easy to become opaque under sunlight, it shall avoid of plastic cylinder exposure at sunlight directly as possible.
○
Charging basket of test solution shall be cleaned up after used.

5 Calculation
5.1 Sand equivalent value of sample can be calculated according to formula (T0334-2).
h
SE = 2 × 100 (T0334-2)
h1
Where: SE——Sand valent weight of sample (%);
h2——Measure the height of aggregate sediment with plunger in the cylinder (mm);
h1——Total height of floccule and sediment in the cylinder (mm).

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 5.2 A aggregate shall be carried parallel determination for two times, take average value of two samples test
and on the basis of measured sand valent weight with plunger, in round figures.

T 0335-1994 Clod Content Test of Fine Aggregate

1 Purpose and scope of application

Measure the content of clod which greater than 1.18mm in sand used for cement concrete.
2 Tools and materials
(1) Balance: weigh 2kg, and the sensitive quantity is no greater than 2g.
(2) Baking oven: temperature can be controlled at 105℃±5℃.
(3) Standard test sieves: 0.6mm and 1.18mm pore diameter.
(4) Other: cylinders used for sand washing and tray used for baking.
3 Test preparation
Sample shall be concentrated and divided in each part about 2500g by distributor and quartering sample,
and baked to constant weight in baking oven which with a temperature of 105℃±5℃; after cooled down to
room temperature, sieving two sets of samples (about 400g, m0) with 1.18mm sieve for standby.
4 Testing procedure
4.1 Take a part of sample 200g (m1) and put into vessel, and then fill in uncontaminated water until water
surface 200 mm at least higher than sand surface; standing for 24h after mixed round adequately, crumb clods
in the water by hand; place sample on the 0.6mm sieve and washing with water, until washed water become
clear.
4.2 Screen residue of sample shall be taken out from sieve carefully, and then baked to constant weight in
the baking oven at the temperature of 105℃±5℃, weighing their weight (m2) after cooled down to room
temperature.
5 Calculation
Clod content in the sand can be calculated according to formula (T0335-1), accurate to 0.1%.
m − m2
Qk = 1 × 100 (T0335-1)
m1
Where: Qk——Content of clod which greater than 1.18mm in the sand (%);
m1——Weight of baked sample which stay on 1.18mm sieve before test (g);
m2——Weight of baked sample after test (g);
6 Report
Arithmetic mean value of two parallel test results shall be taken as measured value , in the case of
difference between two results greater than 0.4%, resample and retest shall be carried out.

T 0336-1994 Organic Content Test of Fine Aggregate

1 Purpose and scope of application

This method is applicable to assess whether the organic content of natural sand had an influence on the
quality of cement concrete.
2 Tools and materials

72
 (1) Balance: sensitive quantity shall not greater than 0.01% of weigh.
(2) Measuring cylinder: 250mL, 100mL and 10mL.
(3) Sodium hydroxide solution: mass ratio of sodium hydroxide and uncontaminated water is 3:97.
(4) Tannin, alcohol
(5) Other: beaker, glass rod and square mesh sieve with pore diameter of 4.75mm.
3 Test preparation
3.1 Sample preparation: sieve out greater than 4.75mm grains in the sample, cutting-down to each part
about 500g by distributor or quartering sample, air seasoning for standby.
3.2 Preparation method of standard solution: take 2g tannin powder colliquate in 98mL alcohol solution
(10%), in the method required tannin solution is made. And then take this solution 2.5mL and pour into
97.5mL sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 3%, shake it acutely after plugged up, and then
standing for 24h, standard solution is made.
4 Testing procedure
4.1 Pour sample into 250mL measuring cylinder to 103mL scale, and then fill in 3% sodium hydroxide
solution to 200mL scale, shake it acutely and standing for 24h.
4.2 Compare the color of upper solution of sample and new-made standard solution. Specifications of
measuring cylinder of standard solution shall be the same as measuring cylinder of sample.
5 Results
If the color of upper solution of sample is lighter than the color of standard solution, means that organic
content of sample is qualified; if the color of two solution is close to each other: in this case, the sample
(include upper solution) shall be poured into beaker, and placed the beaker into hot water tank with the
temperature of 60℃~70℃ and heating 2h~3h, and then compare with the color of standard solution again.
If the color of solution darker than standard color, further test shall be carried out according to the
following method:
Take a set of sample and remove organic impurity with 3% sodium hydroxide solution, washing the
sample with uncontaminated water, until washed water become clear and the color of solution is lighter than
standard color in the colorimetric method test. Two sets of sample (with and without organic impurity) will be
compound into two cement mortars with similar liquidity at the same mixture ratio, measure their
compressive strength under 7d and 28d; if the mortar strength of sand with organic impurity is not lower than
95% of the mortar strength of sand without organic impurity, means this sand is available.

T 0337-1994 Mica Content Test of Fine Aggregate

1 Purpose and scope of application

This method is applicable to measure the approximate content of mica in the sand.
2 Tools and materials
(1) Magnifier (about 5 times).
(2) Steel needle.
(3) Balance: weighing 100g, sensitive quantity no greater than 0.01g.
3 Testing procedure
Take 50g sample, baked to constant weight in the baking oven at the temperature of 105℃±5℃; after
baked sample cooled down to room temperature, remove the grains greater than 4.75mm and smaller than
0.3mm by sieves; take 10~20g (m0) sample according to the different degree of finish of sand, and observe
73
with magnifier, sort out all mica in the sand with steel needle and weighing the weight of sorted out mica
(m1).
4 Calculation
Mica content in the sand can be calculated according to formula (T0337-1), accurate to 0.1%.
m
Qe = 1 × 100 (T0337-1)
m2
Where: Qe——Mica content in the sand (%);
m0——Weight of baked sample (g);
m1——Weight of sorted out mica (g).

T 0338-1994 Light Material Content Test of Fine Aggregate

1 Purpose and scope of application

This method is applicable to measure the approximate content of light material in the sand.
2 Tools and materials
(1) Baking oven: temperature can be controlled at 105℃±5℃.
(2) Balance: weigh 1000g, sensitive quantity no greater than 0.1g.
(3) Glassware: measuring cup (1000mL), measuring cylinder (250mL), beaker (150mL).
(4) Gravimeter: measuring range is 1.0~2.0.
(5) Filter screen: all of inside diameter and height is about 70mm, pore diameter of mesh no greater than
0.3mm (filter screen for consistency laboratory test used is applicable, as well as the sieve with a pore
diameter of 0.3mm).
(6) Zinc chloride: chemical pure
3 Test preparation
3.1 Take about 800g sample, baked to constant weight in the baking oven at the temperature of 105℃±5℃;
after baked sample cooled down, remove grains greater than 4.75mm and smaller than 0.3mm by sieve, and
then take two parts of sample (approximate weight of each part is 200g) for standby.
3.2 Preparation of heavy solution with a relative density of 1.95~2.0: fill water to 600mL scale in the
1000mL measuring cup, then add 1500g zinc chloride into measuring cup, mix round with glass rod to make
zinc chloride full colliquate; after cool down to room temperature (zinc chloride in the course of dissolution
will discharge plenty of heat), pour partial solution into 250mL measuring cylinder to measure its relative
density. If relative density of solution smaller than required value, pour it back into measuring cup, add zinc
chloride again; after zinc chloride dissolve in solution and cool down, measure its relative density, until the
relative density solution achieve required value.
4 Testing procedure
4.1 Take a part of aforesaid sample and pour into the measuring cup which fill with heavy solution,
intensive mixing it with glass rod, in order to separate light material and sand in the sample, standing for 5min;
pour up-floated light material into filter screen together with heavy solution. Light material stay on filter
screen and heavy solution pass through filter screen and flow into another vessel. Sand grains flow out with
heavy solution shall be avoided in the process of outpouring heavy solution; generally, stop outpouring when
the distance between heavy solution surface and sand surface is about 20mm~30mm. Effused heavy solution
shall be poured back to the measuring cup of sample, repeat aforesaid processes, until no light material
up-floated.
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 4.2 Light material stay on the filter screen shall be washed by clear water, and then pour them into beaker
and baked to constant weight in the baking oven at the temperature of 105℃±5℃, weigh the gross mass (m1)
of light material and beaker by balance with a sensitive quantity of 0.01g.
5 Calculation
Light material content in the sand can be calculated according to formula (T0338-1), accurate to 0.1%.
m − m2
Qg = 1 × 100 (T0338-1)
m0
Where: Qg——Content of light material in the sand (%);
m1——Gross mass of baked light material and beaker (g);
m2——Weight of beaker (g);
m0——Weight of baked sample before test (g);
6 Report
Arithmetical mean of two sample test results shall be taken as measured value.

T 0339-1994 Expansion Ratio Test of Fine Aggregate

1 Purpose and scope of application

Measure the expansion ratio of sand.
2 Tools and materials
The same as water ratio test and accumulated density test of sand.
3 Testing procedure
3.1 Measure the accumulated density (or loading density) of baked sand.
3.2 Measure the accumulated density (or loading density) of sand sample.
3.3 Measure the water ratio of sand under corresponding state.
4 Calculation
Expansion ratios of sand can be calculated according to formula (T0339-1), precision is 1%.

ρ d (100 + ω )
P= − 100 (T0339-1)
ρw

Where: P——Expansion ratios of sand (%);

ρd——Accumulated density of dried sand (kg/m3);
ρw——Accumulated density of sand sample (kg/m3);
ω——Water ratio of sand sample (%).
5 Report
Arithmetical mean of two test results shall be taken as measured value.

T 0340-2005 Obdurability Test of Fine Aggregate

1 Purpose and scope of application

This method is applicable to determine the performance of sand sample: sand sample had been soaked in
saturated sodium sulfate solution and baked for many times, under the pressure of sodium sulfate

75
crystallization but no distinct destroyed or strength reduction, in order to assess the obdurability (also named
stabilizing ability) of sand.
2 Tools and materials
(1) Baking oven: temperature can be controlled at 105℃±5℃.
(2) Balance: weigh 200g, sensitive quantity no greater than 0.2g.
(3) Standard test sieves: pore diameter is 0.3mm, 0.6mm, 1.18mm, 2.36mm, 4.75mm.
(4) Vessel: porcelain enamel basin or porcelain urn, whose cubic content shall not less than 10L.
(5) Tripod filter screen: both inside diameter and height is 70mm, made up by copper wire or galvanized
iron wire, pore diameter of mesh shall not greater than half as large as the lower limited grain size of sample.
(6) Reagent: anhydrous sodium sulfate or sodium sulfate decahydrate (technical grade);
(7) Baume hydrometer.
3 Test preparation
Take a certain quantity of uncontaminated water (the quantity of uncontaminated water shall be
dependent up on the sample and the size of vessel), heating to 30℃~50℃; add 300g~350g anhydrous sodium
sulfate (Na2SO4) or 700g~1000g sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na2SO4·10H2O) per 1000mL uncontaminated
water, mix round with glass rod to make it dissolve until achieve saturation state; and then cool down to
20%~25℃ and standing at this temperature for 48h, its relative density shall be kept at the range of
1.151~1.174 (Baume degree is 18.9~21.4). No crystallization at the container bottom during test.
4 Testing procedure
4.1 After sample is baked, according to the grain size grades of sample (respective grade is 0.3mm~0.6mm,
0.6mm~1.18mm, 1.18mm~2.36mm and 2.36mm~4.75mm), take each grade sample about 100g (mi), put in
the filter screen and immerged it into the vessel filled with sodium sulfate solution together with filter screen.
Solution volume shall not less than 5 times of total volume of sample, and the temperature shall be controlled
at the range of 20℃~50℃. In the process of tripod filter screen immerged in solution, filter screen shall be
lifted up and down for 25 times, in order to remove air bubble in the sample; afterward, keep filter screen
standing in the vessel. By this time, distance from the bottom surface of filter screen to the bottom surface of
vessel shall be about 30mm (high shall be controlled by the support of filter screen), and distance between
every two filter screens shall not less than 30mm. Sample surface shall be 30mm lower than solution level at
least.
4.2 After soaked for 20h, take out filter screen from solution, baked in the baking oven at the temperature
of 105℃±5℃ for 4h, up to this point, the first test cycle is completed. After sample cool down to 20℃~25℃,
start the second test cycle.
From the second cycle, both soaking time and baking time shall be 4h. Cycle continue for 5 times.
4.3 After the last cycle was completed, sample shall be put in the clear water at the temperature of
25℃~30℃ to remove sodium sulfate; baked to constant weight in the baking oven at the temperature of
105℃±5℃, taken out and cooled down to room temperature; after that, sieving the sample with a sieve whose
screen hole diameter is the lower limit grain size of sample, weighing the weight of screen residue (m'i) of
each grain size grade sample test.
Note: whether sodium sulfate in the sample is cleaned up can be tested according to the following method: take little washed water of sample and
add a little barium chloride solution (BaCl2), if no white deposit, means that sodium sulfate had been cleaned up.

5 Calculation
5.1 Divided loss percentage of grains in the sample at each grain size grade can be calculated according to
formula (T0340-1).

76
 mi − m 'i
Qi = × 100 (T0340-1)
mi
Where: Qi——Divided loss percentage of grains in the sample at each grain size grade (%);
mi——Weight of baked sample at each grain size grade before test (g);
m'i——Weight of baked grains which is the screen residue of each grain size grade and after sodium
sulfate solution test.
5.2 Total percentage of obdurability loss of sample can be calculated according to formula(T0340-2) ,
accurate to 1%.

Q=
∑m Qi i
(T0340-2)
∑m i

Where: Q——Obdurability loss of sample (%);

mi——Divided weight of grains at different grain size grade in the original sample (g);
Qi——Divided mass loss percentage of different grain size grade (%).

T 0341-1994 Sulfur Trioxide Content Test of Fine Aggregate

1 Purpose and scope of application

This test is applicable to measure whether the sand contain with deleterious sulphate, sulphuret
(calculated as SO3) and measure their contents.
2 Tools and materials
(1) Tools and materials required by qualitative test:
1 Balance: weigh is 1kg, sensitive quantity no greater than 1g; weigh is 100g, sensitive quantity no
○
greater than 0.001g.
2 Sieve: sieve mesh is 0.075mm.
○
3 Beaker: cubic content is 500mL.
○
4 Other: pure hydrochloric acid, 10% barium chloride (BaCl2) solution, filter paper, glass rod and
○
mortar.
(2) Tools and materials required by quantitative test:
1 Analytical balance: sensitive quantity no greater than 0.0001g.
○
2 Flask: 1000mL.
○
3 Ashless filter paper: required that no weight after burnt.
○
4 Mixture indicator: a set of methyl red and 3 sets 0.1% alcoholic solution of bromcresol green.
○
5 Pure hydrochloric acid
○
○6 10% Barium chloride (BaCl2) solution
7 Other: ordinary electric cooker, high temperature electric resistance furnace, oscillator, beater, filtering
○
flask, beaker, crucible and flat-bottomed porcelain funnel.
3 Testing procedure
3.1 Qualitative test
3.1.1 Take representative samples about 1000g by distributor method or quartering sample method,
baked to constant weight; take about 200g baked sample and triturate in the mortar, sieve with 0.075mm sieve;
mix round powder carefully and take 100g powder put into 500mL beaker, fill in 250mL uncontaminated
water stirring 1min~2min (several times); after standing for one day, sample solution will be filtered by filter
77
paper; and then add 2~3 drops of pure hydrochloric acid into filtrate, fill in about 5mL 10% barium chloride
solution, heating to 50℃ and standing for one day.
3.1.2 If white sediment present in the solution, means that sand contain with SO3, quantitative test shall
be carried to measure its content.
3.2 Quantitative test
3.2.1 Take 20% of baked sample which had passed through 0.075mm sieve mesh, put into the flask filled
with 500mL uncontaminated water, sealed by plug and wax, shake it at every turn; after standing for one day
and night, shake solution become turbid again and filter it in suction method.
3.2.2 Pour 100mL filtered solution into 250mL beaker, add 4~5 drops of mixture indicator to make
solution change color; in succession, add in pure hydrochloric acid until the solution is red, add in 4~5 drops
of mixture indicator again; add in about 15mL 10% barium chloride solution after boiled and mix round
equably. For the purpose of get larger barium sulfate (BaSO4) kristallization, solution can be heating 2h at the
temperature of 60℃~70℃, and then standing for hours.
3.2.3 Solution shall be filtered by tight filter paper, filter paper shall be wetted slightly before filter;
beaker of original filtrate shall be washed with uncontaminated water for several times until washed water
become clear, washed water of beaker also shall be filtered; in the end, material on the filter paper shall be
washed for several times (Cl- shall be test by 1% silver nitrate solution).
3.2.4 Material on the filter paper after filtered shall be put into dry crucible which weight is known
together with filter paper; place crucible into ordinary electric cooker to char filter paper, then put crucible
into 700℃~800℃high temperature electric resistance furnace to burn 15min~20min, take it out after
incineration and put into desiccator cool down to room temperature, weighing its gross mass (m1) with
analytical balance.
4 Calculation
4.1 SO3 content can be calculated according to formula (T0341-1), accurate to 0.01%.
( m − m0 ) × 0.343
P= 1 × 100 (T0341-1)
40
Where: P——Contents of SO3 (%);
m0——Weight of crucible (g);
m1——Gross mass of crucible and burnt materials (g);
0.343——Barium sulfate (BaSO4), conversed into SO3 coefficient;
40——Weight of sample used for quantitative test (g);
4.2 Arithmetical mean of two test results shall be taken as measured value; if the difference of two test
results is greater than 0.15%, resample and retest shall be carried out.

T 0343-1994 Quick Test on Water Ratio of Fine Aggregate (Alcohol Combustion

Method)

1. Purpose and scope of application

Quick measure the water ratio of fine aggregate (sand).
2 Tools and materials
(1) Scale beam: weigh is 200g, sensitive quantity no greater than 0.2g.

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 (2) Vessel: iron or aluminium tray.
(3) 50mL measuring cylinder or measuring cup.
(4) Alcohol: ordinary industrial alcohol.
(5) Other: brush, glass rod etc.
3 Testing procedure
3.1 Take a clean vessel and weigh its weight (m1).
3.2 Take about 100g sample put into vessel, and weigh the gross mass of sample and vessel (m2).
3.3 Add in about 20mL alcohol to the sample in vessel, firing and burning after mixed round and keep on
turn over sample; as flame failure, add 20mL alcohol again after 1min, still carry out aforesaid processes.
3.4 After flame failure for the second time, weigh the gross mass of dry sample and vessel (m3).
Note: as the sample after twice burning, its surface shall be present dried color; otherwise, add in alcohol and burning again.

4 Calculation
4.1 Water ratio of fine aggregate (sand) can be calculated according to formula (T0343-1), accurate to
0.1%.

ω = ( m2 − m3 ) / ( m3 − m1 ) × 100 (T0343-1)

Where: w——Water ratios of sand (%);

m1——Weight of vessel (g);
m2——Gross mass of vessel and sample before burnt (g);
m3——Gross mass of vessel and dry sample after burnt (g);
4.2 Arithmetical mean of two parallel test results shall be taken as measured value.

T 0344-2000 Angularity Test of Fine Aggregate (Percentage of Voids in

Aggregate)

1 Purpose and scope of application

1.1 This method is applicable to measure percentage of voids in aggregate which put in standard vessel by
standard funnel, namely the angularity of fine aggregate, expressed as percentage.
1.2 This method is applicable to measure angularity of fine aggregate (natural sand, manufactured sand,
screenings) used for road surface, in order to forecast fine aggregate's influence on the angle of internal
friction and flow-resistance deformability of asphalt mixture.
2 Tools and materials
(1) Angularity measuring instrument of fine aggregate: as shown in Figure T0344-1, the top of which is a
metal or plastic cylindrical volumetric flask, its cubage shall not less then 250mL; underside connect to the
inverted metal conical cylinder funnel with a height of 38mm, the angle is 60°±4°, inner of funnel is smooth,
and the diameter of outflow hole is 12.7mm±0.6mm. Place a 100mL cuprum receiving vessel below the
measuring instrument, inside diameter of vessel is 39mm, and high is 86mm. This vessel mounted on a metal
plate with the thickness of 6mm, gap between the vessel and base plate can be filled with ethoxyline resin.
There is a steel pit at the centre of metal base plate, which is used to center the position of foundation plate.

79
 About 41mm
(1/4)L Volumetric flask About 39mm
(Grass flask)

Copper pipe

About 6mm
Min

Dia.
Tray used for receiving
fine aggregate Ethoxyline resin
100mL Vessel
caulking

Metal plate, min Steel pit used for centring

thickness 6mm Diameter is 6mm, depth is 3mm

Assembly drawing
Receiving vessel
Figure T0344-1 Angularity Measuring Instrument of Fine Aggregate
(2) Standard test sieves: square mesh sieve with the pore diameter of 4.75mm and 2.36mm.
(3) Balances: sensitive quantity no greater than 0.1g.
(4) Baking oven: temperature can be controlled at 105℃±5℃.
(5) Glass plate: 60mm×60mm, thickness is 4mm.
(6) Scraping straightedge: a ruler with blade, length is 100mm, width is 20mm.
(7) Other: vitreous enamel tray, brush etc.
3 Testing procedure
3.1 Weighing the dry weight (m0) of fine aggregate receiving vessel.
3.2 Fill up the vessel with water and weigh the gross mass (m1) of cylinder and water, calibrate vessel's
cubage V = m1-m0, by this time temperature influence on water density can be neglected.
3.3 The fine aggregate sample which taken from the site shall be sieved by the 2.36mm or 4.75mm standard
test sieves (standard test sieves shall be selected according to the different maximum particle size), in order to
remove the grains greater than maximum particle size. Generally, 2.36mm sieve can be adopted for natural
sand or crushed sand with a specification of 0~3mm, and 4.75mm sieve can be adopted for screenings and
crushed sand with a specification of 0~5mm.
3.4 Take about 2kg sample and put in enamel tray, fill in water soaking for 24 hours; after that, washing it
carefully, in order to make clay and dust suspending in the water. Pour suspensoid onto and pass through
1.18mm and 0.075mm bushing screens slowly for several times, pour out suspended foul water and wash
aggregate with uncontaminated water, wash away the grains less than 0.075mm carefully. Pour the aggregate
on the 1.18mm and 0.075mm sieves back into the enamel tray, place them together in 105℃±5℃ oven, dry to
constant weight, cool down, properly mix evenly, weigh at least 3 shares of 190g±1g sample according to
distributor method or quartation
3.5 Connect the funnel and the cylinder into one whole, place a receiving vessel beneath the funnel and

80
block the jaw opening with a piece of small glass plate.
3.6 Slowly pour the sample from top (the height is flush with the cylinder top) of the cylinder center to the
funnel, the surface shall be poured flat as far as possible.
3.7 Take away the small glass plate blocking the opening door of the funnel; the fine aggregate passes
through the jaw opening therewith and flows out from the funnel to enter the receiving vessel
3.8 Gently strike off container surface with bladed ruler, left out of any vibration
3.9 Weigh the total mass m2 of container and fine aggregate, accurate to 0.1g
3.10 Test the bulk specific gravity γb of fine aggregate according to T0330 of this test method
3.11 Parallel test three times, and the average value is used as the test result of fine aggregate angularity
4. Calculation
Calculate the loose density and voidage of fine aggregate in the container by formulas (T0344-1) and
(T0344-2), accurate to one decimal place, the voidage is the angularity of the fine aggregate
m − m0
γ fa = 2 (T0344-1)
m1 − m0

⎛ γ fa ⎞
U = ⎜1 − ⎟ × 100 (T0344-2)
⎝ γb ⎠

Where: γfa——Relative loose density of the fine aggregate;

m0——Empty container mass (g)
m1——Total mass of container and watery (g);
m2——Total mass of container and fine aggregate (g);
U——Voidage of the fine aggregate, namely the angularity (%);
γb——Bulk specific gravity of the fine aggregate

T 0345-2005 Fine Aggregate Angularity Test (Flow Time Method)

1. Purpose and scope of application

1.1 This method determines the flow time required for a certain volume of fine aggregate (crushed sand,
chips and natural sand) all passing through the standard funnel, known as the angularity of fine aggregate,
denoting by s.
1.2 The angularity of fine aggregate measured by this method is applicable to evaluate the surface structure
and roughness of the fine aggregate particles, and predict the fine aggregate impact on the internal friction
angle and flow resistance deformability of the asphalt mixtures.
1.3 When the engineering using different varieties of fine aggregate at the same time, such as mixing use of
natural sand, crushed sand and chips, the fine aggregate mixtures consisted of actual mixing proportion shall
be adopted to make the test, which shall meet the requirements of relevant specifications.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Fine aggregate flow time determinator: as shown in Figure T0345-1, the upper is a metal cylinder
with diameter of 90mm and height of 125mm, while the lower is a removable metal or rigid plastic funnel
with opening of 60°; the funnel interior shall be lubricate, its outflow hole diameter shall be has two
removable specifications: 12mm or 16mm, and the upper is connected into one by thread and cylinder.
Beneath the funnel, there is a rotational opening damper. A container enough for 3kg fine aggregate shall be
placed beneath the determinator, such as aluminium basin and vitreous enamel basin.
81
 Funnel

Opening door

Receiving vessel

Figure T0345-1 Fine Aggregate Flow Time Determinator

(Outflow aperture can be replaced, dimensional unit: mm)
(2) Standard test sieves: square mesh sieve with aperture of 4.75mm, 2.36mm and 0.075mm
(3) Balance: weigh 1kg, and the sensibility is no greater than 0.1g
(4) Oven: it may control temperature to be 105℃±5℃.
(5) Stopwatch: accurate to 0.1s
(6) Others: enamel tray and brush and so on.
3. Test procedure
3.1 Sift the fine aggregate sample taken from the field by 2.36mm or 4.75mm standard test sieves in
accordance with maximum grain sizes to remove those greater than the maximum grain size. However, when
the engineering uses different varieties of fine aggregate at the same time, such as the natural sand, crushed
sand and chips mixture, it shall make angularity quality assessment for single fine aggregate variety, and at
the same time, fine aggregate mixtures consisted of actual mixing proportion shall be used to make the test, so
as to assess its service performance.
3.2 Remove the dust part with size of less than 0.075mm with water washing method according to T0327,
take about 6kg 0.075mm~2.36mm or 0.075mm~4.75mm, place it in 105℃±5℃oven, dry to the constant
weight and cool down at room temperature
3.3 Test the apparent specific gravity γa according to T0328 of this test method, divide the sample with

82
distributor method or quartation into no less than 5 shares, calculate the mass required for each share of
sample by formula (T0345-1), weigh and accurate to 0.1g.

m = 1.0 × γ a / 2.70 (T0345-1)

where: m——Mass of each share of sample (kg)

γa——Apparent specific gravity of that sample, zero dimension
3.4 Select the funnel according to specification of test fine aggregate, select funnel with leakage aperture of
12mm for fine aggregate with specification of 0.075mm~2.36mm; select funnel with aperture of 16mm for
fine aggregate with specification of 0.075mm~4.75mm, connect the funnel and cylinder into one whole. Close
the opening door under the funnel and place a receiving vessel under the funnel.
3.5 Pour the sample from the jaw opening (height is flush with the cylinder top) in the center of the cylinder
into the funnel gradually, the surface shall be reverse flatly as far as possible, but after pouring, it shall not
disturb or strike off sample with any tool.
3.6 Starting the stopwatch when opening the opening door of the funnel; the fine aggregate flows from the
jaw opening of the funnel therewith, enter the receiving vessel; stopping the stopwatch when all the fine
aggregate are flowing out, read the flow time of the fine aggregate, accurate to 0.1s, it is the flow time of the
fine aggregate sample.
3.7 A sort of sample shall parallel test 5 times, and the average flow time is used as the test result of fine
aggregate angularity.

T 0349-2005 Fine Aggregate Methylene Blue Test

1. Purpose and scope of application

1.1 This method is applicable to determine whether the fine aggregate has expanding clay mineral, and test
the contest to assess the cleanness degree of the aggregate, denoting by methylene blue value MBV.
1.2 This method is not only applicable to fine aggregate less than 2.36mm or less than 0.15mm, but also
applicable to mineral fines quality inspection.
1.3 When the 0.075mm passing rate of fine aggregate is less than 3%, this test may not be made, namely, it
is regarded as qualified.
2. Reagent, material, instrument and equipment
(1) Methylene blue (C16H18CIN3S·3H2O): purity is no less than 98.5%;
(2) Pipette: one 5mL pipette and one 2mL pipette respectively;
(3) Impeller mixer: Adjustable rotation speed and can meet requirements of 600 r/min±60 r/min; the
impeller number is 3 or 4, impeller diameter is 75mm± 10mm;
Note: Other types of stirrer may also be used, but the test result must be concord basically with that when using the above stirrer.

(4) Blast oven: it may control temperature to be 105℃±5℃.

(5) Balance: one with 1000g weighing and 0.1g sensibility, and one with 100g weighing and 0.01g
sensibility;
(6) Standard test sieves: three square mesh sieves, each with aperture of 0.075mm, 0.15mm, and 2.36mm
respectively;
(7) Container: the depth is greater than 250mm, when the sample must be elutriated; the sample shall be
kept without spilling;
(8) Glass volumetric flask: 1L;
83
 (9) Timing device: accuracy is 1s;
(10) Glass rod: diameter is 8mm and length is 300mm, two pieces;
(11) Thermometer: accuracy is 1℃;
(12) Beaker: 1000mL;
(13) Others: quantitative filter paper, enamel tray, brush, uncontaminated water
3. Test procedure
3.1 Standard methylene blue solution (10.0g/L±0.1g/L normal concentration) preparation
3.1.1 Test the water content W of methylene blue, weigh about 5g methylene blue powder, record mass
mh, accurate to 0.01g; dry it at 100℃±5℃ to the constant weight (if the drying temperature exceeds 105℃,
the methylene blue powder will deteriorate), cool down in desiccator, and then, weigh it and record the mass
mg, accurate to 0.01g. Calculate the water content W of methylene blue:

ω = ( mh − mg ) / mg × 100 (T0349-1)

where: mh——Mass of methylene blue powder (g);

mg——Mass of dried methylene blue (g);
Note: before preparing methylene blue solution each time, water content of methylene blue must be determined first of all.

3.1.2 Take methylene blue powder (100+ω) (10g±0.01g)/100 (namely mass of dry methylene blue
powder is 10g), accurate to 0.01g
3.1.3 Heat the beaker contained about 600mL uncontaminated water, the water temperature does not
exceed 40℃.
3.1.4 Adding methylene blue powder while stirring, stir continuously for 45min, until the methylene blue
powder dissolves completely, and then, cool down to 20℃
3.1.5 Pour the solution into 1L volumetric flask, leach the beaker with uncontaminated water, to engraft
all the methylene blue solution into the volumetric flask; the temperature of volumetric flask and solution
shall be kept to be 20℃±1℃, add uncontaminated water to 1L scale of the volumetric flask
3.1.6 Shake the volumetric flask to ensure that methylene blue powder is completely dissolved. Engraft
the standard solution in a deep color storage flask, the quality assurance period of methylene blue standard
solution shall not exceed 28d; the prepared solution shall be marked with preparation date, expiration date and
be protected from light.
3.2 Fine aggregate suspension preparation
3.2.1 Take representative sample, cut down it to about 400g, dry in 105℃±5℃oven to constant weight,
cool down to room temperature, sift out particles greater than 2.36mm, and divide it into two shares for
standby
3.2.2 Weigh 200g sample, accurate to 0.1g, pour the sample into beaker contained with 500mL±5mL
uncontaminated water sample, adjust the stirrer speed to 600r/min, the distance from the stirrer impeller to the
beaker bottom is about 10mm. Stir 5min, form suspension, add 5mL methylene blue solution accurately with
pipette, stir continuously in rotation speed of 400r/min± 40r/min, until the test is over.
3.3 Determination for adsorbance of methylene blue
3.3.1 Place the filter paper overhead on top of the exposed beaker to prevent it contacting from any other
items.
3.3.2 Add fine aggregate suspension into the methylene blue solution, stir 1min with rotation speed of
400r/min±40r/min, make the first chromatic halo inspection on the filter paper; namely dip a drop of
suspension on the filter paper with glass rod, the drop forms circularity on the filter paper, the intermediate
shows aggregate precipitate, the quantity of drops shall make the precipitate diameter be 8mm~12mm; a

84
circle of colorless water-loop around it, when the precipitate surrounding edge sends out a powder blue
chromatic halo in width of about 1mm (see figure T0349-1), the test result is known as masculine.
Note: since the methylene blue adsorption on aggregate requires a certain time, the chromatic halo may appear and then, disappear in the test
process, therefore, chromatic halo inspection shall be made once every other 1min, if it shows chromatic halo 5 times continuously, the test is valid.

Figure T0349-1 Chromatic Halo Image obtained from Methylene Blue Test
(The left figure meets the requirements, while the right one does not meet the requirements)
3.3.3 If the first 5mL methylene blue is unable to make chromatic halo appear around the precipitate, add
another 5mL methylene blue solution in the suspension, continue to stir 1min, and dip a drop of suspension
with glass rod, drop on the filter paper, make the second chromatic halo test; if chromatic halo still does not
show around the precipitate, repeat the above process, until the precipitate surroundings send out about 1mm
stable powder blue chromatic halo.
3.3.4 Stop adding methylene blue solution, but continue to stir the suspension, make once chromatic halo
test every 1min; if the in the early stage disappears within 4min in the early stage, add another 5mL methylene
blue solution; if the chromatic halo disappears in the 5min, add 2mL methylene blue solution. On these two
occasions, it shall be stirred continuously to make chromatic halo test, until the chromatic halo may stable for
5min.
3.3.5 Record the total methylene blue solution volume added therein for chromatic halo lasting 5min,
accurate to 1mL.
Note: after the test, the container shall be completely clean by water immediately; the cleaned container shall not contain any detergent
composition, it is proposed that these containers are used as the special containers for methylene blue test.

3.4 Rapid methylene blue evaluation test

3.4.1 Sampling and stirring by the requirements of 3.2.1 and 3.2.2
3.4.2 Add 30mL methylene blue solution into the beaker once, stir continuously 8min with speed of
400r/min±40r/min, and then, dip a drop of suspension with glass rod, dip on the filter paper, observe whether
the precipitate surroundings show obvious chromatic halo.
3.5 Determination for methylene blue value MBVF with size less than 0.15mm is sampling by provisions of
3.1~3.3, and make methylene blue test, but the sample belongs to 0~0.15mm part, take 30g±0.1g
3.6 Test the silt content or rock flour content of fine aggregate according to screening and washing method
of T0333
4. Calculation
4.1 The methylene blue value MBV of fine aggregate is calculated by formula (T0349-2), accurate to 0.1.
V
MBV = × 10 (T0349-2)
m
where: MBV——Methylene blue value (g/kg), methylene blue mass consumed by per kilogram 0~2.36mm

85
grade of sample;
m——Mass of the sample (g);
V——Total amount of added methylene blue solution (mL)
Note: The coefficient 10 in the formula is used to reduce the methylene blue solution volume consumed by per kilogram of sample to methylene
blue mass.

4.2 Evaluation for rapid methylene blue test result

If obvious chromatic halo shows around the precipitate, the rapid methylene blue test is evaluated as
qualified; if no obvious chromatic halo shows around the precipitate, the rapid methylene blue test is
evaluated as unqualified.
4.3 Methylene blue value MBVF with size of less than 0.15mm or mineral fines is calculated by formula
(T0349-3), accurate to 0.1
V
MBVF = 1 × 10 (T0349-3)
m1
where: MBVF——Methylene blue value (g/kg), methylene blue mass consumed by per kilogram 0~0.15mm
grade or mineral fines sample;
m1——Mass of the sample (g);
V1——Total amount of added methylene blue solution (mL)
4.4 Calculation and evaluation of silt content or rock flour content of fine aggregate is made by method of
T0333.
T 0350-2005 Fine Aggregate Crush Index Test
1. Purpose and scope of application
Fine aggregate crush index is used to measure the fine aggregate capability for resisting crush under
step-up load, so as to evaluate its applicability in highway engineering.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Pressing machine: range 50kN~1000kN, showing a considerable error of 2%, and it shall be able to
maintain the 1kN/s of the loading rate.
(2) Balance: the sensibility is no greater than 1g
(3) Standard test sieves
(4) Fine aggregate crush index die trial: consisted of round steel test cylinder with both ends opening,
loading block and bottom slab; its shape and dimension see Figure T0350-1, the indenter diameter is 75mm,
inside diameter of metal cylinder die trial is 77mm, and the die trial depth is 70mm. The bottom surface and
bottom slab upper surface of test cylinder inner wall and pressure loading head and other surfaces contacting
the stone shall be made with heat treatment and hardening, so as to keep smooth state.
(5) Metal tamper: diameter is 10mm, length is 500mm and one end is processed into semisphere
3. Test preparation
3.1 Use the air dried fine aggregate sample, place it in the 105℃±5℃oven, dry to constant weight,
generally it is no more than 4h, take out, cool down to the room temperature, and sift with 4.75mm, 2.36mm
to 0.3mm standard test sieves to remove the parts greater than 4.75mm, and then, divide the remaining one
into 4.75mm~2.36mm, 2.36mm~1.18mm, 1.18mm~0.6mm, 0.6mm~0.3mm four groups of sample, and take
1000g respectively for standby.

86
 Figure T0350-1 Fine Aggregate Crush Index Die Trial (Dimensional Unit: mm)
a) Cylinder; b) Chassis; c) Loading head
3.2 Weigh 330g single grade of sample, accurate to 1g, pour the sample in a assembled sample steel die, to
make the height from the sample to the chassis be about 50mm; level the sample surface inside the steel die,
place the loading head in the steel die, rotate one circle to make it contact evenly with the sample
4. Test procedure
4.1 Place the die trial contained with sample on the pressing machine, pay attention to level the indenter and
align the press plate center
4.2 Start the pressing machine, evenly apply load, loading to 25kN in speed of 500N/s, stale the pressure for
5s, and unloading with the same speed.
4.3 Take down the die trial from the pressing machine, take out the sample, sift the particles with the lower
limit mesh of that group of aggregate (such as sift with 2.36mm standard test sieves for 4.75mm~2.36mm);
weigh the sieve residue (m1) and throughput (m2) of the sample, accurate to 1g
5. Calculation
Calculate the crush index of grades of fine aggregate according to formula (T0350-1), accurate to 1%
m1
Yi = × 100 (T0350-1)
m1 + m2
where: Yi——Crush index value of the ith grade of fine aggregate (%);
m1——Sieve residue of the sample (g);
m2——Throughput of the sample (g)
6. Report
6.1 Crush index value of each group of grades is denoted by average value of the three test results, accurate
to 1%
6.2 Crush index value of the maximum simple grade is used as the crush index value of the fine aggregate
5. Mineral fines test

T 0351-2000 Mineral Fines Sieve Test (Water Washing Method)

1. Purpose and scope of application

Determination for the grain composition of the mineral fines; and also applicable to the determination for
other fillers for asphalt mixture mixing, such as grain composition of cement, lime and fly ash
2. Tools and materials
(1) Standard test sieves: square mesh sieve with mesh diameters of 0.6mm, 0.3mm, 0.15mm and
87
0.075mm
(2) Balance: weigh 1kg, and the sensibility is no greater than 0.1g
(3) Oven: it may control temperature to be 105℃±5℃.
(4) Enamel tray
(5) Pestle with eraser cap
3. Test procedure
3.1 Place the mineral fines sample in 105℃±5℃oven, dry to constant weight, cool down, weigh 100g,
accurate to 0.1g; if there is any mineral fines aggregate, it may be gently ground and shattered by pestle with
eraser cap
3.2 Load the 0.075mm sieve on the screen bottom, carefully pour in mineral fines, cover the sieve cover,
and sift gently by hand, until the sieve cannot pass through substantially; the parts less than 0.075mm on the
screen bottom may be rejected.
3.3 Remove the sieve cover and screen bottom, form set of sieves according to screen size sequence; pour
the mineral fines on 0.075mm sieve back onto 0.6mm sieve, connect a hose under the tap water faucet, turn
on the tap water, gently flush the mineral fines by water of hose, sift it, 0.075mm undersize fraction runs off
randomly, until the flowing water is clean. in the water washing process, the sample may be disturbed
properly, sift the mineral fines by speed up, after the upper sieve is washed clean, take off the 0.6mm sieve,
and subsequently, flush it on 0.3mm sieve or 0.15mm sieve, but it shall not directly flush 0.075mm sieve.
1 The water flow of tap water may not too fast to prevent damage to screen surface or flow out of the mineral fines; the water shall not
Notes: ○
flow out from the two layers of sieves, and the tap water faucet should be equipped with spray-proof water faucet. When the field lacks tap water, the
artificial watering and flushing mode may be adopted.
2 If directly flushed on the 0.075mm sieve, it may deform the screen surface and block the mesh, or result in sympathetic vibration of mineral
○
fines and screen surface, and they cannot pass through the mesh therefore.

3.4 Carefully flush the sieve residue on the sieves respectively with small flow into enamel trays, after sieve
residue precipitation, slightly tilt the enamel tray, carefully remove the fresh water, place it in a 105℃oven,
dry to the constant weight. Weigh the sieve residue on the sieves, accurate to 0.1g.
4. Calculation
Sieve residue percentage of sieves respectively is obtained by sieve residue on sieves being divided by
the total sample percentage, accurate to 0.1%; 0.075mm sieve passing rate is obtained by 100 subtracting
sieve residue percentage of 0.6mm, 0.3mm, 0.15mm and 0.075mm sieves respectively, and the 0.15mm sieve
passing rate is the consequent value being added by sieve residue percentage of 0.075mm sieve, and so on, the
passing rate of sieves could be calculated, accurate to 0.1%.
5. Accuracy or permissible difference
The arithmetic mean value of the two parallel test result is used as the test value. Difference between
passing rate of sieves at different numbers shall not be greater than 2%.

T 0352-2000 Mineral Fines Density Test

1. Purpose and scope of application

Used to test the mass of mineral fines, for the mix design calculation of asphalt mixture, and also
applicable to the determination for other fillers for asphalt mixture mixing, such as relative density of cement,
lime and fly ash
2. Tools and materials
88
 (1) Le Chatelier Flask: capacity is 250mL or 300mL, as shown in Figure T0352-1.

Figure T0352-1
Le Chatelier Flask
(2) Balance: the sensibility is no greater than 0.01g
(3) Oven: it may control temperature to be 105℃±5℃.
(4) Thermotank: it may control temperature to be 20℃±0.5℃.
(5) Others: porcelain dish, small horn spoon, desiccator and hopper
3. Test procedure
3.1 Place the representative mineral fines sample in a porcelain dish, dry in a 105℃ oven to the constant
weight (generally no less than 6h), place in a desiccator, cool down, weigh it together with small horn spoon
and funnel m1, accurate to 0.01g, the mineral fines mass shall be no less than 200g.
3.2 Inject distilled water into the pycnometer to 0~1mL scale, place the pycnometer into 20℃thermotank,
stand until the water temperature in the pycnometer is no longer changed (generally, no less than 2h), read the
water surface scale in pycnometer (V1), accurate to 0.02mL.
3.3 Add the mineral fines sample gently into pycnometer through funnel with small horn spoon, until the
water surface of the pycnometer ascend to the full scale reading of pycnometer, gently shake the pycnometer
to make air of the flask spill sufficiently, and then, place the pycnometer in the thermotank, when the
temperature no longer changes, read the pycnometer reading (V2), accurate to 0.02mL. In the whole test
process, the water temperature variation in the pycnometer shall not exceed 1℃
3.4 Weigh accurately the total mass of horn spoon, porcelain dish, funnel and the residual mineral fines
(m2), accurate to 0.01g.
Note: The hydrophilic mineral fines shall be tested by medium of kerosene in the same way.

4. Calculation
Calculate the mineral fines density and relative density according to formula (T0352-1) and formula
(T0352-2), accurate to 3 decimal places.
m − m2
ρf = 1 (T0352-1)
V2 − V1

ρf
γf = (T0352-2)
ρ 'w

89
where: ρf——Density of mineral fines (g/cm3);
γf——Specific gravity of mineral fines for water, zero dimension;
m1——Dry mass of horn spoon, porcelain dish, funnel and mineral fines in porcelain before testing (g);
m2——Dry mass of horn spoon, porcelain dish, funnel and mineral fines in porcelain after testing (g);
V1——Initial reading of pycnometer before adding mineral fines (mL);
V2——Final reading of pycnometer after adding mineral fines (mL);
ρ'w——Water density at test temperature, taking by Table B-1 of Appendix B
5. Accuracy or permissible difference
The same sample shall make twice the parallel test; take the average as the test result. The difference
between the two test results shall not be greater than 0.01g/cm3.

T 0353-2000 Mineral Fines Hydrophilic Coefficient Test

1. Purpose and scope of application

Hydrophilic coefficient of the mineral fines is the ratio of volume of mineral fines sample expanded in
water (polarity medium) to the volume of the same sample expanded in the kerosene (non-polarity medium),
for evaluating the bonding performance between mineral fines and asphalt binder. This method is applicable
to determine other fillers for asphalt mixture mixing, such as hydrophilic coefficient of cement, lime and fly
ash.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Graduated cylinder: two, each with 50mL, scale to 0.5mL
(2) Mortar and pestle with eraser cap
(3) Balance: the sensibility is no greater than 0.01g
(4) Kerosene: kerosene fractionated at 270℃ temperature, and filtered by mixed clay (the mixed clay for
filtering shall be heated up 3h to 250℃, and then, be used after cooling down)
(5) Oven
3. Test procedure
3.1 Weigh 5g mineral fines (accurate to 0.01g) drying to constant weight, place it in mortar, add
15mL~30mL distilled water, carefully grind 5min with rubber pestle, and then, wash the suspension in the
mortar with washing bottle into the graduated cylinder to make the liquid level of graduated cylinder be 50mL,
and then, stir the suspension with glass rod
3.2 Carefully grind the other mineral fines in the same mass with the above method, engraft the suspension
to another graduated cylinder, the liquid level is also 50mL
3.3 Stand the above two graduated cylinders, to make the particles in the graduated cylinder suspension
precipitate
3.4 Record precipitate volume twice a day, until the volume is constant
4. Calculation
4.1 The hydrophilic coefficient is calculated by formula (T0353-1).
V
η= B (T0353-1)
VH
where: η——Hydrophilic coefficient, zero dimension;
VB——Precipitate volume in water (mL);
VH——Precipitate volume in kerosene (mL);
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 4.2 Parallel determinate twice to use the average value of the two measured values as the test result

T 0354-2000 Mineral Fines Plasticity Index Test

1. Purpose and scope of application

1.1 The plasticity index of the mineral fines is the difference between the water content of liquid limit and
that of the plastic limit for the mineral fines, denoting by percentage
1.2 The plasticity index of mineral fines is used to evaluate the clay soil component content in mineral fines
1.3 This method is applicable to test the plasticity index of fly ash and mixer reclaimed dust for asphalt
mixture filler.
2. Test procedure
2.1 Sift the mineral fines and other filter with 0.6mm sieve; remove the parts on the sieve.
2.2 Test the plasticity index according to methods specified in "Test Methods of Soils for Highway
Engineering" (JTJ051)

T 0355-2000 Mineral Fines Heat Stability Test

1. Purpose and scope of application

1.1 Heat stability of mineral fines is the performance of mineral fines heated in hot-mixed process but
without deterioration.
1.2 Heat stability of mineral fines is used to evaluate the content of mineral fines (excluding ground
limestone, ground quick lime and cement) component subject to thermal metamorphism.
2. Tools and materials
(1) Evaporating dish or pot: may store 100g mineral fines
(2) Heating equipment: gas stove or electric furnace
(3) Thermometer: minimum scale is 1℃
3. Test procedure
3.1 Weigh 100g mineral fines, load in evaporating dish or pot, spread
3.2 Place the mineral fines-contained evaporating dish or pot on gas stove or electric furnace, heat up, insert
thermometer in the mineral fines, testing the temperature while stirring the rock flour, heat up to 200℃, close
the ignition source
3.3 Place the mineral fines at room temperature, cool down, and observe variance in rock flour color
4. Report
Report variation in rock flour color after being heated to judge the rock flour deterioration condition

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 Appendix A Standard Test Sieves of Square Mesh Sieve Aggregate for Highway

Engineering

1. Purpose and scope of application

This specification is applicable to structural style and specification for standard test sieves of square mesh
sieve aggregate for highway engineering.
2. Structural style
2.1 The standard test sieve consists of a series of standard test sieve, sieve cover and screen bottom with
specified mesh; when using the set of sieves, they are connected, sealed and vibration damped through rubber
ring.
2.2 The structure of the standard test sieves is composed of sieve frame and bottom slab sieve mesh or mesh
plate; the materials should use stainless steel and the surface shall not be painted.
2.2.1 The sieve frame of the standard test sieve: framework supporting the sieve meshes, the dimension
sees Figure A-1; the dimensional tolerance shall be in accordance with those specified in Table A-1.

Figure A-1 Screen Frame of Standard Test Sieves (I-screen frame; II-screen surface)
Table A-1 Screen Frame Tolerance of Standard Test Sieves
Diameter D or d(mm) Height H(mm)

Nominal dimension D tolerance d tolerance Nominal dimension Tolerance

+0.8 -0.01
200 62 ±1.5
-0 -0.4

2.2.2 Bottom slab of standard test sieves may be used as metal wire cloth or metal perforated plate, the
mesh shape is square and the mesh position must be arranged upon request.
(1) Standard test sieves less than 16mm mesh may adopt metal wire cloth screen surface, the weaving
form is plain weave and the weaving mode of the wire shall be bent first and then traverse mutually, see
Figure A-2. The materials for metal wire cloth weaving may be stainless steel (applicable to sieve mesh of all
dimensions), phosphor bronze (applicable to sieve mesh less than 0.25mm) and brass (applicable to
0.25mm~16mm sieve mesh). The basic size (aperture) of metal wire cloth of standard test sieves is W, the
mesh size limit deviation is X, the average size deflection deviation is Y, and the middle deviation is Z,
according to formulas (A-1), (A-2) and (A-3), the units of W, X, Y, Z therein are all in unit of μm, they shall
be in accordance with those specified in Table A-2.

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 Figure A-2 Metal Wire Cloth Shape and Requirements
W-Basic size of mesh; d-Wire diameter
Table A-2 Metal Wire Cloth Dimension and Manufacturing Tolerance
Standard test sieve mesh Tolerance (mm)
Wire diameter d(mm)
W(mm) Limit deviation X Average size deviation Y Middle deviation Z

16.0 3.15 +0.99 ±0.49 +0.74

13.2 2.80 +0.86 ±0.41 +0.64

9.50 2.24 +0.68 ±0.30 +0.49

4.75 1.60 +0.41 ±0.15 +0.28

2.36 1.00 +0.25 ±0.08 +0.17

1.70 0.80 +0.20 ±0.06 +0.13

1.18 0.63 +0.16 ±0.04 +0.10

0.60 0.400 +0.101 ±0.021 +0.061

0.30 0.200 +0.065 ±0.012 +0.038

0.15 0.100 +0.043 ±0.0066 +0.025

0.075 0.050 +0.029 ±0.0041 +0.017

a Maximum size of any mesh shall not be greater than W+X

2
X = W 0.75 + 4W 0.25 (A-1)
3
b Average size of the mesh shall not exceed W+Y
1
Y = W 0.98 + 1.6 (A-2)
27
c Mesh number with size between (W+X) and (W+Z) shall not exceed 6% of the total mesh number.
X +Y
Z= (A-3)
2
When a screen mesh number is less than 50, the mesh number with size between (W+X) and (W+Z) shall
not exceed 3.
(2) Standard test sieve with mesh of over 4.75mm may adopt metal perforated plate screen surface and
the arrangement pattern of the metal perforated plate sees figure A-3.

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 Figure A-3 Metal Perforated Plate Pattern of Square Mesh Sieve
W-Basic size of mesh; P-Center distance of hole; r-Fillet radius
Mesh size (aperture) W of standard test sieve perforated plate, plating thickness, center distance of hole,
bridge width and mesh size deviation shall be in accordance with those specified in Table A-3. The square
mesh fillet radius rmax shall not exceed 0.05W+0.30mm, W is mesh size, denoting by mm.
3 Testing method and technical requirement of standard test sieves shall comply with the requirements of
national standard GB 6003-85; any undesirable standard test sieves shall not be used.
Table A-3 Metal Perforated Plate Dimension and Manufacturing Tolerance
Thickness (mm)
Aperture W(mm) Center distance of hole P(mm) Simple pore tolerance (mm)
Standard Maximum Minimum

75.0 95 ±0.70

63.0 3.0 4.00 2.50 80 ±0.60

53.0 67 ±0.55

37.5 47.5 ±0.45

31.5 40.0 ±0.40

26.5 2.0 2.50 1.50 33.5 ±0.35

19.0 23.6 ±0.29

16.0 20.0 ±0.27

13.2 17.0 ±0.25

1.0 2.00 1.00
9.5 12.1 ±0.21

4.75 1.00 1.25 0.8 6.6 0.14

4 Standard test sieves must be accompanied by factory marking and indicated with standard specification,
material, release date, manufacturer and trade mark.

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 Appendix B Water Density Correction Methods at Different Temperatures

1. Purpose and scope of application

This method is applicable to density correction for non-standard temperature for water temperature
calculation tent when testing various densities required for testing various aggregates and mineral fines. The
application scope of test temperature is 15%~25%.
2. Correction method
Water density ρT and water temperature correction factor αT at different water temperatures are taken by
Table B-1.
Table B-1 Water Density ρT and Water Temperature Correction Factor αT at different Water Temperatures
Water temperature (℃) 15 16 17 18 19 20
3
Water density ρT(g/cm ) 0.99913 0.99897 0.99880 0.99862 0.99843 0.99822

Water temperature correction factor αT 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.005

Water temperature (℃) 21 22 23 24 25 ——

3
Water density ρT(g/cm ) 0.99802 0.99779 0.99756 0.99733 0.99702 ——

Water temperature correction factor αT 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.007 ——

95