SCHOOL OF BASIC SCIENCES

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BHUBANESWAR

Mathematics-I (MA1L001)
Tutorial Sheet-4

Exercise 1.
RR
(a) Evaluate R xy dxdy, where R is the region bounded by xa-xis, the line y = 2x and the
2
parabola y = x4a .
2
(b) Evaluate R ex dxdy, where R is the region given by 2y ≤ x ≤ 2 and 0 ≤ y ≤ 1.
RR

Solution: Examples 2.41 and 2.42 in the book by Iyengar & Jain.
Exercise 2. The cylinder x2 + z 2 = 1 is cut by the planes y = 0, z = 0 and y = x. Find the volume
of the region in the first octant.
Solution: Example 2.44 in the book by Iyengar & Jain.
x2 y2 z2
Exercise 3. Find the volume of the ellipsoid a2 + b2 + c2 = 1.
Solution: Example 2.45 in the book by Iyengar & Jain.
Exercise 4. Find the centre of gravity of a plate whose density ρ(x, y) is constant and is bounded
by the curves y = x2 and y = x + 2. Also, find the moments of inertia about the axes.
Solution: Example 2.46 in the book by Iyengar & Jain.
Exercise 5. Find the centre of gravity of a plate whose density ρ(x, y) is constant and is bounded
by the curves y = x2 and y = x + 2. Also, find the moments of inertia about the axes.
Solution: Example 2.46 in the book by Iyengar & Jain.
y dxdydz, where T is the region bounded by the surfaces x = y 2 , x =
RRR
Exercise 6. Evaluate T
2 2
y + 2, 4z = x + y and z = y + 3.
Solution: Example 2.47 in the book by Iyengar & Jain.
Exercise 7. Find the volume of the solid in the first octant bounded by the paraboloid z =
36 − 4x2 − 9y 2 .
Solution: Example 2.49 in the book by Iyengar & Jain.
Exercise 8. Evaluate R (a2 − x2 − y 2 ) dxdy, where R is the region x2 + y 2 ≤ a2 .
RR

Solution: Example 2.51 in the book by Iyengar & Jain.

Exercise 9. Evaluate R (x − y)2 cos2 (x + y) dxdy, where R is the rhombus with successive vertices
RR

(π, 0), (2π, π), (π, 2π) and (0, π).

Solution: Example 2.52 in the book by Iyengar & Jain.
RR p
Exercise 10. Evaluate R x2 + y 2 dxdy by changing to polar coordinates, where R is the region
in x − y plane bounded by the circles x2 + y 2 = 4 and x2 + y 2 = 9.
Solution: Example 2.53 in the book by Iyengar & Jain.
Exercise 11. Evaluate the following integrals, and sketch the corresponding regions in the (x, y)-
plane.
R1 R2
(a) x=−1 y=−2 (2x2 + y 2 ) dy dx
R2 R1
(b) x=1 y=0 x ey dy dx
1
2

R 4/a Ra
(c) x=2/a y=1/x
y 2 dy dx
R π R sin(y)
(d) y=0 x=0
1 dx dy.

Solution:

(a)
Z 1 Z 2
(2x2 + y 2 ) dy dx
x=−1 y=−2
Z 1  2
2 3
= 2x y + y /3 dx
x=−1 y=−2
Z 1
= (8x2 + 16/3)dx
x=−1
 1
= 8x3 /3 + 16x/3 = 24/3 − (−24/3) = 16.
x=−1

(b)
Z 2 Z 1
x ey dy dx
x=1 y=0
Z 2  1
y
= xe dx
x=1 y=0
Z 2  2 ß1 ß2
2
= (e − 1)x dx = (e − 1)x /2
x=1 x=1
=(e − 1)(4/2 − 1/2) = 3(e − 1)/2.

(c)
Z 4/a Z a ßa
y 2 dy dx
x=2/a y=1/x
4/a 3 a
Z  
y
= dx ß a2
x=2/a 3 y=1/x

1
Z 4/a ß a4
3 −3
= a −x dx
3 x=2/a

ß a2 ß a4
 4/a
1 3 1 −2
= a x+ x
3 2 x=2/a
1
= ((4a2 + a2 /32) − (2a2 + a2 /8)) = 61a2 /96
3
 3

(d)
Z π Z sin(y) ßπ
1 dx dy
y=0 x=0
Z π
= sin(y) dx dy
y=0
 π ß π2
= − cos(y)
y=0
=1 − (−1) = 2.

ß1
Exercise 12. Express the following double integrals as repeated integrals and evaluate them:
RR
(a) RRD xy dA, where D is the rectangle bounded by the lines x = 0, x = a, y = 0 and y = b.
(b) D ex+y dA, where D is the region bounded by the lines x = 0, y = 0 and x + y = 1.
2
(c) D ey dA, where D is the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (−1, 1) and (1, 1).
RR

Solution:
(a)
ZZ Z a Z b ßy = b
xy dA = xy dy dx
D x=0 y=0
Z a  b Z a
= 1 2 1 2 ßx = 0 ßx = a
2 xy dx = 2 xb dx
x=0 y=0 x=0
a
a2 b2

1 2 2
= 4x b = . ßy = 0
x=0 4

(b)
ZZ Z 1 Z 1−x ß1
x+y
e dA = ex+y dy dx
D x=0 y=0
Z 1  1−x Z 1 ßx + y = 1
ßx = 0 or ßy = 1 − x
= ex+y dx = e − ex dx
x=0 y=0 x=0
 1
= ex − ex = (e − e) − (0 − 1) = 1.
x=0
ßy = 0 ß1

(c)
ZZ Z 1 Z y Z 1 ßy = 1
y2 y2 2
ß(−1, 1) ß(1, 1)
e dA = e dx dy = ey .2y dy
D y=0 x=−y y=0
Z 1 ßx = −y ßx = y
= eu du (u = y 2 , du = 2y dy)
u=0
 1
= eu = e − 1. ß(0, 0)
u=0

We could alternatively try to do this using vertical strips, but then we would need to do
the
R 0 leftR 1half and the right half separately and add them
R 1 Rtogether. The left half would be
y2 1 y2
e dy dx, and the right half would be e dy dx. The inner integral
Rx=−1
y2
y=−x x=0 y=x
e dy cannot be expressed in terms of familiar functions, so this is not a useful approach.
4

Exercise 13. By sketching the region of integration, show that

Z 1 Z 1 Z 1 Z x2

√
1 dx dy = 1 dy dx.
y=0 x= y x=0 y=0

Evaluate both integrals and check that they are the same.

Solution: The region is as follows:

ß1

ßy = x2
√
or ßx = y
ßx = 1

ßy = 0 ß1
√
The horizontal slice at height y runs from x = y to x = 1, in accordance with the limits in the
left hand integral. The vertical slice at position x runs from y = 0 to y = x2 , in accordance with
the limits in the right hand integral. Thus, the two integrals should be the same. We can evaluate
them as follows:

1 1 1 1
√
Z Z Z Z
1

√
1 dx dy = 1− y dy = 1 − y 2 dy
y=0 x= y y=0 y=0
 1
3
2 2 2 1
= y − 3y =1− 3 = 3
y=0
Z 1 Z x2 Z 1  1
1 dy dx = x2 dx = 1 3
3x = 13 .
x=0 y=0 x=0 x=0

Exercise 14. Sketch the region of the (x, y)-plane over which the integral

Z 1 Z x2 +1
I= f (x, y) dy dx
x=0 y=1

is taken. Obtain a similar expression for I by reversing the order of integration.

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Solution:
2
The picture as shown on the right. The√ equation y = x + 1 for the
curved edge can be rewritten as x = y − 1. Thus, ßy = 2
√ we can divide the
region into horizontal stripes running from x = y − 1 to x = 1 for
1 ≤ y ≤ 2. This gives
Z 2 Z 1 ßy = 1 + x2
I= √
f (x, y) dx dy. ßx = 1
y=1 x= y−1

ßy = 1

Exercise 15. Change the order of integration in the following integrals, and hence evaluate them:

∞ ∞
e−x
Z Z
(a) dx dy
x
Zy=0 x=y
a Z a
y2
(b) dy dx
x=0 y=x (x2 + y 2 )1/2

You may find the following integral useful:

Z
1 p
dx = ln(x + x2 + y 2 ).
(x2 2
+y ) 1/2

Solution:

(a) Horizontal slices run from x = y to x = ∞. Vertical slices run from

y = 0 to y = x. The integral can therefore be rewritten as
Z ∞ Z x −x Z ∞  −x x Z ∞
e e
dy dx = y dx = e−x dx
x=0 y=0 x x=0 x y=0 x=0 ßx = y
 ∞
= − e−x = ((−0) − (−1)) = 1.
x=0

ßy = 0
6

(b) Vertical slices run from y = x to y = a. Horizontal slices run from x = 0

to x = y. The integral can therefore be rewritten as ßy = a
Z a Z y ßa
y2
I= 2 2 1/2
dx dy
y=0 x=0 (x + y )
Using the hint, the inner integral gives
Z y y
y2 ßx = 0
 p
2 2 2 ßy = x
2 2 1/2
dx = y ln(x + x + y )
x=0 (x + y ) x=0
p p
2 2
= y ln(y + 2y ) − y ln(0 + y 2 )
2
√
= y 2 (ln((1 + 2)y) − ln(y))
√ ßa
= y 2 (ln(1 + 2) + ln(y) − ln(y))
√
= y 2 ln(1 + 2).
√
Note here that ln(1 + 2) is just a constant, approximately 0.881. The
outer integral is now easy:
a √
Z a √ √ 3 ln(1 + 2)a3

2
I= y ln(1 + 2) dy = ln(1 + 2)y /3 = .
y=0 y=0 3
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1. Plane polar integrals and volume integrals

R π/2 R 1
Exercise 16. Consider the integral given in polar coordinates by I = θ=0 r=0 r2 sin(θ) dr dθ.
Sketch the corresponding region in the (x, y)-plane, and evaluate the integral.
Solution:
Z π/2 Z 1
I= r2 sin(θ) dr dθ ßr = 1
θ=0 r=0
Z π/2 π
1 ßθ = 2
= sin(θ) dθ
θ=0 3
 π/2
1
= − cos(θ)
3 θ=0 ßθ = 0
= 0 − (− 31 ) = 1/3.
ZZ
Exercise 17. Evaluate xy dA, where D is the quadrant of the disk x2 + y 2 ≤ a2 where x ≥ 0
D
and y ≥ 0. (Hint: use polar coordinates.)
Solution: The region is given in polar coordinates by the limits 0 ≤ θ ≤ π/2 and 0 ≤ r ≤ a. We
also have x = r cos(θ) and y = r sin(θ) and dA = r dr dθ so
xy dA = r3 sin(θ) cos(θ) dr dθ = 12 r3 sin(2θ) dr dθ.
This gives
π Z π2
a
a4
ZZ Z Z
1 2
3
xy dA = r sin(2θ) dr dθ = sin(2θ) dθ
D 2 θ=0 r=0 8 θ=0
π
a4 a4 a4
 
cos(2θ) 2
= − = (1 − (−1)) = .
8 2 θ=0 16 8

Exercise 18. Evaluate the following integrals, where D is the region given by x2 + y 2 ≤ a2 .
ZZ
1
(a) (x2 + y 2 ) 2 dA
Z ZD
2 2
(b) e−(x +y ) dA.
D

Solution: We will use polar coordinates, so x2 + y 2 = r2 and dA = r dr dθ. The relevant limits are
0 ≤ r ≤ a and 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π. For part (a) we have
Z a Z 2π Z a
2πa3
ZZ
1
(x2 + y 2 ) 2 dA = r2 dr dθ = 2π r2 dr =
D r=0 θ=0 r=0 3
Similarly, for part (b) we have
ZZ Z a Z 2π Z a
−(x2 +y 2 ) −r 2 2
e dA = e r dr dθ. = e−r 2πr dr dθ.
D r=0 θ=0 r=0

We now substitute u = r , so du = 2r dr and the limits 0 ≤ r ≤ a become 0 ≤ u ≤ a2 . The integral

2

becomes
Z a2  a2
2
−u −u
e π du = − πe = π(1 − e−a ).
u=0 u=0

x2 dA, where D is the ring-shaped region given by 4 ≤ x2 + y 2 ≤ 9.

RR
Exercise 19. Evaluate D
8

Solution: In polar coordinates the region is described by 4 ≤ r2 ≤ 9 or equivalently 2 ≤ r ≤ 3,

with θ running from 0 to 2π as usual. We can write the integrand x2 as r2 cos2 (θ) and we also have
dA = r dr dθ. This gives ZZ Z 2π Z 3
x2 dA = r3 cos2 (θ) dr dθ.
D θ=0 r=2
The integrand is just a function of r times a function of θ and the limits are constants so the integral
breaks apart giving
ZZ Z 2π  Z 3 
2 2 3
x dA = cos (θ)dθ r dr
D θ=0 r=2
 2π  3
1 1 4
= 4 cos(2θ) + 12 θ 4r
θ=0 r=2
= π × (34 − 24 )/4 = 65π/4.

ZZ √
x2 +y 2
Exercise 20. Use polar coordinates to evaluate e− dA, where D is the region given by
D
x ≥ 0.
Solution: The region is given in polar coordinates by − π2 ≤ θ ≤ π2 and 0 ≤ r < ∞. We therefore
have ZZ √ Z ∞ Z π2 Z ∞
− x2 +y 2 −r
e dA = e r dθ dr = π e−r r dr.
D r=0 θ=− π
2 r=0

We will evaluate this by parts. In more detail, we put dv

dr = e−r and u = r, so v = −e−r and du
dr = 1.
This gives Z Z
e−r r dr = −re−r + e−r dr = −re−r − e−r = −(r + 1)e−r .
Feeding this back into the original integral, we get
ZZ √  ∞
− x2 +y 2 −r
e dA = π − (r + 1)e = π(0 − (−1)) = π.
D r=0

Z 1 Z 1 Z 1
Exercise 21. Evaluate xyz dz dy dx.
x=0 y=0 z=0

Solution:
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1 1 1 1 1  1  1
x2 y2 z2
Z  Z  Z  
1 1 1 1
xyz dz dy dx = x dx y dy z dz = = . . =
x=0 y=0 z=0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 2 2 8
Z 1 Z 1 Z 2
Exercise 22. Evaluate √ xyz dz dy dx.
x=0 y=0 z= x2 +y 2

Solution: For the innermost integral, we have

Z 2  2
1 2 1 2 2 1 3 1 3
√ 2 2 xyz dz = 2 xyz √ 2 2 = 2xy − 2 xy(x + y ) = 2xy − 2 x y − 2 xy .
z= x +y z= x +y

The middle integral is thus

Z 1  1
1 3 3 2 1 3 2 4
1 1
2xy − 2 x y − 2 xy dy = xy − 4 x y − 8 xy = x − 14 x3 − 18 x = 78 x − 14 x3 .
y=0 y=0
Finally, the outermost integral is
Z 1  1
7 1 3 7 2 1 4 7 1
8 x − 4 x dx = 16 x − 16 x = 16 − 16 = 38 .
x=0 x=0
 9

Z 1 Z 1 Z 1
Exercise 23. Evaluate x dz dy dx.
x=0 y=x z=y

Solution: For the innermost integral, we have

Z 1  1
x dz = xz = x − xy.
z=y z=y
The middle integral is thus
Z 1  1
x − xy dy = xy − xy 2 /2 = (x − x/2) − (x2 − x3 /2) = x/2 − x2 + x3 /2.
y=x y=x
Finally, the outermost integral is
Z 1  1
2 3 2 3 4
x/2 − x + x /2 dx = x /4 − x /3 + x /8 = 1/4 − 1/3 + 1/8 = 1/24.
x=0 x=0

Exercise 24. The region D in the (x, y)-plane is given by |x| ≤ 1 and |y| ≤ 1, and the surface S
consists of the points (x, y, z) where (x, y) lies in D and z = x2 + xy. Let E be the three-dimensional
region between D and S. What is the volume of E?
Solution: The volume is
Z 1 Z 1 Z x2 +xy Z 1 Z 1
V = 1 dz dy dx = x2 + xy dy dx
x=−1 y=−1 z=0 x=−1 y=−1
Z 1  1 Z 1
= x2 y + 21 xy 2 dx = 2x2 dx
x=−1 y=−1 x=−1
 1
2 3 4
= x = .
3 x=−1 3