Classification of computers

Fugaku
The Smallest Computer in the World Fits On a Grain
of Rice
Apple Computer
Patient Monitoring System
Based on model
Types of computers
• There are different types of computers and used everywhere. They differ
in processing speed, tasks, storage capacity, size and capability.
• Some computer may be used for special purpose only and some may be
for general purpose.
• Some computer may handle only one particular type of data task and
some computer may handle a variety of tasks.
• The most commonly used computers are general purpose computers.
• Computers are classified on the basis task, size, brand and model .
Classification of Computer
• There are different types of computers based on brand, size, working
principle and model.
 Computer

On the basis On the basis On the basis On the basis

of work of size of brand of model

Analog Super IBM XT

IBM
Digital Mainframe AT
compatible

Hybrid Mini Apple/Macintosh

PS/2

Micro
On the basis of work/task
On the basis of task/work, computers are classified into three
categories. They are:
1. Analog computer
2. Digital computer
3. Hybrid computer
Analog Computer
• Analog computer are special purpose computers. That means they can do
only one type of task.

• They measure the continuous physical values like length, temperature,

pressure, speed, height, vibration, etc and convert them into numeric
value.

• Continuous data refers to data that can be measured on a measurement

scale with other data. It is also known as variable data and can be
subdivided into smaller measurements limited by the recording or
measurement system.
Analog Computer
• Analog computer that performs arithmetical operation by
measurable quantities, such as mechanical movement, the rotation of
gears rather than by number.

• In Analog computers, data is transmitted for its operation in the form

of continuous signals, while in digital computers in the form discrete
signals (or discontinuous signal).
Analog Computer
• Analog computer use Analog signal that can be represented as a sine
wave or continuous wave and that contains time-varying quantities.

• An analog signal may vary in signal amplitude or frequency.

• The analog wave's amplitude value is the measure of a wave's

intensity, related to the highest point (called a crest) and lower points
of the wave's, while the frequency (time) value is physical length
from left to right.
sine waves of different amplitude/frequency
Analog computer
• The accuracy of analog computer is not considered good

• This type of computers are specially used in power plants, petroleum

refineries and chemical plants etc.

• Seismograph is an example of analog computer.

• Plessey is the example of Analog computer.

Seismograph
Digital Computers
• Digital computer are general purpose computers which work on binary
digits.
• They accept letter, numbers, symbols and figures and these data are
represented in terms of binary numbers.
• Discrete data is based on counts. The values cannot be subdivided
meaningfully.
• Attribute data (aka Discrete data) is data that can’t be broken down into a
smaller unit and add additional meaning
• Almost all the computers we use at home or offices are digital computers.
Digital computer
• They are faster and accuracy is higher as compare to analog
computer.

• They are mostly used in preparation of report, graphical

representation, reservation system, bank cheque processing etc.

• Digital computer are the most widely used computer.

• IBM PC is an example of the Digital computer.

Hybrid Computer

• The computer which has the capabilities of both analog and digital
computers is known as hybrid computer.
• They are special purpose computer.
• A hybrid computer incorporated the measuring feature of an analog
computer and counting feature of a digital computer.
• For computational purpose, these computers use analog components
and for the storage of intermediate result, digital memories are used.
Hybrid Computer
• It accepts a continuously varying input which then converted into a
set of discrete values for digital processing.

• These computers are used in airplanes, ships, factories, hospitals and

research centres.
• CT –Scan (Computer Axial Tomography) machine, ECG
(Electrocardiogram) and Ultra Sound machine are the examples of
hybrid computers used in health sector.
• Pathfinder is the hybrid computer that was sent to Mars.
CT-Scan (Computed Tomography)
Difference between analog and digital
computer
Analog computer Digital Computer
Based on continuous data Based on discrete data
Measure physical or natural quantities Based on digits 0 and 1
Used of specific purpose Used for general purpose
Accuracy is poor Accuracy very high
Suited for engineering Graphical work, documentation, business
Has no or less storage or memory capacity High storage or memory
Low cost Higher cost
Example: Speedometer, thermometer IBM PC, IBM compatible, Apple/Macintosh
The signal is in the form of waves The signal is in the form of pulse
On the basis of size and processing speed
There are four types of computer on the basis of size and processing
speed. They are:
1. Microcomputer
2. Minicomputer
3. Mainframe computer
4. Super computer
Microcomputer
• Microcomputer is a small and powerful single user computer. It is
also known as personal computer.

• A microcomputer contains a CPU on a microchip (microprocessor), a

memory system (RAM and ROM), a bus system and I/O ports,
typically housed in the mother.
Microcomputer
• It is commonly used at homes, school, offices etc.
• The microcomputers which are kept on the desktop is called desktop,
on the lap is called laptop and palmtop on the palm.
• The palmtop is also known as Personal Digital Assistance (PDA).
• The first microcomputer was manufacture by IBM called IBM-PC.
• Microcomputers are portable.
• A laptop is also known as notebook.
• It has a backup.
Desktop computer
• A desktop computer is a personal computer that is designed to fit on
top of a desk.

• A desktop computer has a processor, display unit and I/O unit.

• It include network interface card, a DVD-RW drive, huge size

magnetic storage disk drive.
Workstation

• A workstation is specially designed for LAN.

• It is proposed for business or professional use.

• It is used by small engineering companies, architects, graphic

designers, department or individual that requires a faster
microprocessor, a large amount of memory (RAM) and special
features such as high-speed graphic adapters.
Workstation

• Workstations are linked together to form a local area network,

although they can be used as stand alone computer.

• In computer networking, workstation refers to any computer

connected to a local area network.

• It could be a workstation or personal computer.

Laptop
• It is a portable personal computer. It is small, light and easily fit into
lap.

• It integrates all the components of a desktop computer such as

display, a keyboard, touchpad, speakers etc.

• Laptops are sometimes called notebook.

• A notebook computer is a battery or AC powered personal computer

generally smaller than laptop.
Palmtop

• A small computer that literally fits into your palm.

• Palmtops that use a pen rather than keyboard for interactions are
often called hand-held computers or PDA.

• Because of their small size, most palmtop computers do not include

disk driver, we can insert disk, modem, memory or other devices.
Tablet PC
• A tablet PC is a wireless, portable, personal computer with a touch screen
interface.
• The tablet is smaller than notebook computer but larger than a smart
phone.
• It is primarily operated by touching the screen rather than using keyboard.
• It often uses onscreen virtual keyboard, a stylus or a digital pen.
• Does not have an integrated keyboard but may be connected with one
using wireless link or USB.
Smart Phone
• A smart phone is a phone.

• It has advanced functionality beyond phone calls and sending text.

• Most smart phones have the capabilities to display photos, play videos,
check and send emails and surf the web.

• Most smart phone can run third party software/application provides

limitless functionality.

• Initially used by business man but now has become common.

What is bloatware?
Ultrabook
• It is thin and light laptop.
• It is powerful in terms of processors and RAM.
• It has more storage, larger screen and long battery life.
• It is expensive.
Microcomputer
Difference between Desktop and Laptop
Desktop:

• Desktop is a physical computer unit that consists of a monitor, CPU,

key-board and a mouse.

• It is a graphical user work space on a software operating system. It is

designed for regular use at one location.

• It requires main power supply so that it can not be portable.

Difference between Desktop and Laptop
Laptop:

• Laptop is an all-in-one computer that uses batteries or AC power that

can last for several hours. It can be easily transported.

• It is also called as Notebook.

• It has basically a LED or LCD screen. It can e operated by battery or

AC supply that makes it portable.

• It requires main power supply so that it can not be portable.

 DESKTOP LAPTOP

It needs external devices to be fully functional. It is all-in-one computer system.

It is large in size. While it is small in size.

It can have multiple internal drives. It can have limited internal drives.

It is not portable. While it is easily portable.

While it can run on battery, AC supply and main

It runs only on main power supply.
power supply too.

Keyboard and mouse are in-built. However external

External keyboard and mouse are necessary to work.
keyboard and mouse also can be used.
 It has less powerful processor except
It has more powerful processor.
gaming laptops.

While the range of screen size in laptops is

It has wide rage of screen size.
limited.

The repairing of desktops is easy work as While the repairing of laptops is little
compared to laptops. complex.

Components of desktop can be easily Components of laptops are not easily

removed. removable.

The number of data ports are more in The number of data ports are less in
desktops. laptops.
Minicomputer
• Minicomputer fits in between mainframe and microcomputer

• Minicomputers are typically a standalone device, used by small and

middle sized business who needed more power and memory.

• More recently, a minicomputer is used as a server.

Minicomputer
• It is multi-user computers.

• They have high storage capacity and higher processing speed than
microcomputers.

• Minicomputer provides facilities to operate 100 people

simultaneously via terminals (keyboard, mouse, monitor).
Minicomputer
• A minicomputer is a type of computer that possesses most of the
features and capabilities of a large computer but is smaller in
physical size.
• A minicomputer fills the space between the mainframe and
microcomputer, and is smaller than the former but larger than the
latter.
Minicomputer
• Minicomputers are mainly used as small or mid-range servers
operating business and scientific applications.
• However, the use of the term minicomputer has diminished and
has merged with servers.
• A minicomputer may also be called a mid-range computer.
Minicomputer
• Minicomputers emerged in the mid-1960s and were first
developed by IBM Corporation.
• They were primarily designed for business applications and
services that require the performance and efficiency of mainframe
computers.
Minicomputer
• Minicomputers may contain one or more processors, support
multiprocessing and tasking, and are generally resilient to high
workloads.
• Although they are smaller than mainframe or supercomputers,
minicomputers are more powerful than personal computers and
workstations.
Minicomputer
Mainframe Computer
• A mainframe computer is a combination of memory (RAM) and
many processors.

• It acts as a central processing unit for many workstations and

terminals connected with it.

• A mainframe computer is used to process the large and huge amount

of data in petabytes. It can control thousands of user’s.
Main Frame
• Mainframes (also called "big iron") are powerful computers used for
large data processing jobs.

• They are mainly used by government institutions and large

companies for tasks such as census, industry and consumer statistics,
enterprise resource planning, and financial transaction processing.
Main Frame
• The mainframe computers are specially used as servers on the World
Wide Web (WWW).

• The term originally referred to the large cabinets that housed the
central processing unit and main memory of early computers. Later
the term was used to distinguish very big computers from less
powerful ones ("minicomputers" or "personal computers").
Mainframe
• Mainframes are managed by special technicians who feed them the
programs they run and who scramble around trying to fix them
whenever they stop working, which is often.

• All mainframes are multi-tasking, multi-user machines, meaning

they are designed so many different people can work on many
different problems, all at the same time.

• Mainframes serve most often as information stores and processors.

Mainframe
• An army of smaller computers is connected to the mainframe.

• These smaller computers are not in the same room; they may be
connected through phone lines across the world.

• Ordinary people in the company never touch the mainframe itself.

• Instead, they interact with the computer using a terminal, which is

more or less a keyboard and a monitor connected to the mainframe
with wires, or by modem over the phone lines.
Mainframe
• People use the smaller computers and get information from and send
information to the mainframe.
• It is general purpose computing system.
• It is very large in size with 1000 sq. feet approximately and supports
large number of terminals.
• Today’s mainframes are much smaller than the early “Big Iron”
machines.
• It word length more than 64 bits.
• IBM build the first mainframe computer, System 360 in 1964.
Mainframe
• The main difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe is
that a supercomputer channels all its power into executing a few
programs as fast as possible whereas a mainframe uses its power to
execute as many as program concurrently.

• Example: IBM ES0000, VAX 8000, CDC 6600 etc

• Uses: Industries, Banking, Insurance companies etc.

Mainframe computer
Advantages
• The processing speed is very fast.

• Can handle multiple inputs at same time.

• Redundancy, Can withstand failure of a part without affecting the

function of rest of the computer.

• Always available, as once started they will remain on for rest of the time.

• Reliability.
Disadvantages
• Mainframes cannot be used as a normal computer, because they are
made for specific task only.

• It requires a special OS to run.

• Are very expensive.

• Mainly used for commercial purposes like transaction processing.

• Cannot calculate or solve complex problems like a supercomputer.

Super Computer
• A supercomputer is the fastest computer in the world that can
process a significant amount of data very quickly.

• The computing performance of a "supercomputer" is measured very

high as compared to a general purpose computer.
Super Computer
• The computing Performance of a supercomputer is measured in
FLOPS (that is floating-point operations per second) instead of MIPS.

• The supercomputer consists of tens of thousands of processors which

can perform billions and trillions of calculations per second, or you
can say that supercomputers can deliver up to nearly a hundred
quadrillions of FLOPS.
Float point number

• A number containing one fractional (this is the post-decimal part of a

number) part where there are no limitations on the no. of digits after
the decimal point is known to be a floating point number.

• A few examples are -25.52, 15.567845321, 3.0 etc.

Supercomputer

• Supercomputers were introduced in the 1960s and developed by

Seymour Cray with the Atlas at the University of Manchester.

• The Cray designed CDC 1604 which was the first supercomputer in
the world, and it replaces vacuum tube with transistors.
CDC 1604

Seymour
Cray
.NO SUPERCOMPUTER MAINFRAME COMPUTER

While Mainframe computers are used

Supercomputers are used for large
as a storage for large database and
1. and complex mathematical
serve as a maximum number of users
computations.
simultaneously.
Mainframe computer’s speed is
Supercomputer’s speed is more
comparatively less than
than Mainframe computer. It can
2. Supercomputers. In this millions of
execute billions of instructions
instructions are executed
within a second.
simultaneously.
Supercomputers are the largest Mainframe computers are smaller
3.
computers. than supercomputers in size.
Supercomputers are the most Mainframe computers are less costly
4.
costly in the world. than supercomputers.
.NO SUPERCOMPUTER MAINFRAME COMPUTER

In the present, the

While Mainframe computers can have
supercomputers have Linux
5. multiple operating systems
and their variant operating
simultaneously.
systems.
Super computers are mostly
purpose-built for one or a Mainframe computers are built to
6.
few specific institutional handle a large variety of tasks.
tasks.
Muni Bahadur Shakya
Muni Bahadur Shakya
• Muni Bahadur Shakya made a super computer in 2063.
• He made a super computer by combining memory and
speed of 16 computers.
• "It takes half an hour to complete a task that a general
computer takes 8 hours" he says. It costs around Rs. 1
million to make a super computer.
• IBM Gene/L that has memory and processing power of
a combined 65,536 computers.
Top 5 Fastest Supercomputers
Tianhe-2 (China)
• 4,981,760 cores running at 61.4 petaFLOPS,
Sunway TaihuLight (China)
• 93.01 petaFLOPS and 10,649,000 cores
Sierra (US)
• 1,572,480 cores to 94.6 petaFLOPS
Summit (US)
• 122.3 to the current 148.6 petaFLOPS.
Fugaku (Japan)
On the basis of brand
• IBM computer

• IBM compatible

• Apple/Macintosh
IBM PC
• These are the computers developed by IBM Company.
• After Thomas John Watson became president of Computing
Tabulating Recording in 1914, he renamed it in 1924 as International
Business Machines Corporation (IBM).
• In 1975 IBM introduced their first personal computer (PC) which was
called the Model 5100.
• Later on IBM teamed up with Microsoft to create an operating system
because their software division was not able to meet a deadline.
IBM PC
• They also teamed up with Intel to supply its chips for the first IBM
personal computer.
• When the personal computer hit the market it was a major hit and
IBM gained a strong power in electronic computers.
• IBM computers use CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing)
CPUs.
• It uses the Intel chips for its PCs and relied to Microsoft for operating
system.
International Business Machine
• IBM computers are made by IBM company. It was established by Dr.
Herman Hollerith in 1923 A.D.
• It is the largest computer manufacturing in the world.
• It is leading the market of mainframe, mini and personal computer.
• The IBM computers are more reliable, durable and have high
processing speed as it whole parts are developed by IBM itself.
• Generally, these computes are more expensive than other computers.
• IBM computers are very famous for data processing and storage.
IBM 5100
IBM 5100
• The IBM 5100 is based on a 16-bit processor .

• The 5100 has an internal CRT (5" diagonal) and displays 16 lines of 64 characters.

• Mass storage was provided by removable quarter-inch cartridge (QIC) magnetic

tape drives that use standard DC300 cartridges to store 204 Kbytes.

• Available with 16 KB, 32 KB, 48 KB or 64 KB of main storage, the 5100 sold for
between $8,975 and $19,975
IBM compatible(Well-matched)
• In IBM compatible, the components of the computers are developed
by different companies and finally they are assembled and a
computer is made.
• So, it also called assembled computer (PC).
• Although the architecture of IBM compatible is similar to IBM PC,
they are very cheaper than branded PC or IBM PC.
• Some of the most popular IBM compatible PCs are Dell, Levnovo,
Toshiba etc.
IBM compatible(Well-matched)
• IBM PC compatible computers are similar to the original IBM PC, XT,
and AT that are able to use the same software and expansion cards.

• Such computers were referred to as PC clones, or IBM clones. The

term "IBM PC compatible" is now a historical description only, since
IBM no longer sells personal computers.

• These "clones" duplicate almost exactly all the significant features of

the IBM PC architecture.
Apple/Macintosh
• Apple Company was founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in 1976.
• For about $700 someone could buy a computer that they put together, which was
called the Apple I.
• In 1977 the Apple II was introduced.
• Apple was trying to appeal more to the business world so they designed the Lisa
computer that was a prototype for the Macintosh and it cost around $10,000.
• It featured a ‘never before seen’ graphical interface and the mouse.
• In 1984, they launched the Macintosh.
Apple/Macintosh
• It has made many PCs with good qualities and user friendly, and the internal
architecture of Apple computer is totally different than IBM PC.
• The software made for Apple computer can’t be used in IBM PC or vice-versa.
• Even a floppy disk or hard disk formatted in one can’t be recognized by other.
• Apple/Macintosh computers are famous for graphic designing and animation.
Sone of the popular Apple/Macintosh products are Macbook, Pro, iMac etc.
Wozniak, Steve; Jobs, Steve
Apple I
Circuit Board
Apple-1
• The Apple-1 was unlike any computer sold today.
• It was basically a circuit board made from 1MHz processor, 8KB
RAM, 40x24-pixel graphics and a built-in video terminal.
• Purchasers would still need to buy components, such as a case,
keyboard and video monitor/TV set.
• It could be used for developing programs, playing games or running
the BASIC operating system. It could be used for developing
programs, playing games or running the BASIC operating system.
On the basis of model
• XT (Extended Technology)

• AT (Advance Technology)

• PS/2 Computer (Personal System)

Extended Technology (XT)
• The XT computers used old technology.
• The operating system was based on CUI or CLI (Command Line Interface).
• They had low storage capacity and less powerful processor.
• Complex calculation and large data processing could not be done.
• Even the I/O devices were not faster.
• The first IBM PC with a hard disk, introduced in 1983.
• It used 8088 CPU, 128 KB of RAM and 10 MB hard drive.
IBM PC XT 5160 Dual Floppy Drives with
5153 Color Monitor
AT (Advance technology)
• The AT computers are the new technology computers.

• AT uses advanced GUI based software as well as CUI based

software.

• Their I/O devices are interactive, flexible and faster.

• Because of their higher speed processor and large storage capacity,

complex calculation and large data processing can be done easily.

• Have processor 80286/386/488 lies under the AT technology.

IBM PC AT
• The IBM Personal Computer AT, more commonly known as the IBM AT
and also sometimes called the PC AT or PC/AT, was IBM's second-
generation PC, designed around the 6 MHz Intel 80286 microprocessor
and released in 1984 as System Unit 5170.
• The name AT stood for "Advanced Technology," and was chosen because
the AT offered various technologies that were then new in personal
computers; one such advancement was that the 80286 processor.
• IBM later released an 8 MHz version of the AT.
IBM PC AT
• The PC AT had a new version of the Microsoft OS: MS-DOS 3.0
which could manage the new 5.25" floppy disk format (1.2 MB), the
new hard disk capacities (20 MB and more) and allowed file sharing.
• It had a new keyboard too (the same we use now, more or less) with
cursor keys and a key that could lock it.
• Two models were launched: the PC-AT model 1 (256 KB RAM, two
floppy disk units and a color screen) and the PC-AT Model 2 (512 KB
RAM, one floppy disk unit, one hard disk and a color screen).
IBM PC AT (System Unit 5170)
 IBM PC AT (System Unit 5170)
Also known as PC/AT
Manufacturer IBM
Type Personal Computer
Release date August 14, 1984; 35 years ago
Introductory price Approx. $6000
Discontinued April 2, 1987
Units sold 100,000+
Operating system PC DOS 3.0 and later, OS/2 1.x, PC/IX 1.1, IBM &
SCO Xenix, Windows 1.0 - 3.1
CPU Intel 80286 @ 6 and 8 MHz
Memory 256 KB ~ 16 MB
Storage 20 MB hard drive(upgrade to 30 MB hard drive), 1.2 MB HD 135
mm (5.25") floppy
Motherboard
PS/2 Computer
• From the IBM PC in 1981 through the PC AT in 1984, IBM preferred
to keep a minimum of features in the base unit.

• Instead, it allowed users to extend their systems with expansion

cards that plugged into the internal slots.
PS/2 Computer

• With the PS/2, IBM chose to integrate many of those commonly used
I/O boards into the motherboard itself.

• Each model in the PS/2 line included a built-in serial port, parallel
port, mouse port, video adapter, and floppy controller, which freed
up internal slots for other uses.
PS/2 Computer
• PS stands for Personal System and actually these are not totally
different models of computers but are refinement of faster AT
computers.

• PS/2 model was developed after 1990 and mainly used in laptop
computers.

• So these computers can run even on battery.

• They have faster and flexible I/O devices and uses GUI based
software.
Mobile technology
• A technology that allows transmission of data via a computer without
having to be connected to fixed physical link is mobile computing.

• Mobile technology is the technology used for cellular communication.

• Mobile voice communication and data communication is widely

established throughout the world rapidly for sending and receiving data
across these cellular networks.
Cell
Mobile technology
• It allows users to transmits data from remote locations to location.

• This proves to be solution to the biggest problem of business people

on the move – mobility.

• Many types of mobile computers and technology has been

introduced since 1990s including wearable, smartphone etc.
Generation of mobile generations
Mobile phone generations
• In the early 1980s, 1G was introduced as voice-only communication.
• Later in 1991, the development of 2G introduced Short Message
Service (SMS) and Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) capabilities,
allowing picture messages to be sent and received between phones.
• In 1998, 3G was introduced to provide faster data-transmission
speeds to support video calling and internet access.
• 4G was released in 2008 to support more demanding services such as
gaming services, HD mobile TV, video conferencing, and 3D TV.
• 5G technology has been planned for the upcoming future.
1G Technology
1G refers to the first generation of wireless mobile communication
where analog signals were used to transmit data. It was introduced in
the US in early 1980s and designed exclusively for voice
communication. Some characteristics of 1G communication are −
• Speeds up to 2.4 kbps
• Poor voice quality
• Large phones with limited battery life
• No data security
2G Technology
2G refers to the second generation of mobile telephony which used digital signals
for the first time. It was launched in Finland in 1991 and used GSM technology.
Some prominent characteristics of 2G communication are −
• Data speeds up to 64 kbps
• Text and multimedia messaging possible
• Better quality than 1G
• When GPRS technology was introduced, it enabled web browsing, e-mail
services and fast upload/download speeds.
• 2G with GPRS is also referred as 2.5G, a step short of next mobile generation.
3G Technology
• Third generation (3G) of mobile telephony began with the start of the
new millennium and offered major advancement over previous
generations. Some of the characteristics of this generation are −
• Data speeds of 144 kbps to 2 Mbps
• High speed web browsing
• Running web based applications like video conferencing, multimedia e-
mails, etc.
• Fast and easy transfer of audio and video files
• 3D gaming
3G Technology

Every coin has two sides. Here are some downsides of 3G technology
• Expensive mobile phones
• High infrastructure costs like licensing fees and mobile towers
• Trained personnel required for infrastructure set up
4G Technology
• Keeping up the trend of a new mobile generation every decade,
fourth generation (4G) of mobile communication was introduced in
2011. Its major characteristics are −
• Speeds of 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps
• Cloud computing
• IP telephony
5G Technology
• High increased peak bit rate
• Larger data volume per unit area (i.e. high system spectral efficiency)
• High capacity to allow more devices connectivity concurrently and
instantaneously
• Lower battery consumption
• Better connectivity irrespective of the geographic region, in which
you are
• Larger number of supporting devices. (IoT)
• Lower cost of infrastructural development
• Higher reliability of the communications
Advantages of Mobile Computing
• Portable: can be carried easily and ease of communication.

• Social interactivity

• Cloud Computing- This service is available for saving documents on a online server
and being able to access them anytime and anywhere when you have a connection to the
internet and can access these files on several mobile devices or even PCs at home.

• Connectivity: Its connectivity ability helps for communication.

• Entertainment- Mobile devices can be used for entertainment purposes, for personal
and even for presentations to people and clients.
Disadvantages of Mobile Computing
• Quality of connectivity

• Security concerns

• Power Consumption

• Workplace distractions

• Costs