S.N. Sivanandam, S. Sumathi and S.N.

Deepa

Introduction to Fuzzy
Logic using MATLAB

With 304 Figures and 37 Tables

&j Springer
Contents

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Fuzzy Logic 1
1.2 Mat LAB - An Overview 6

2 Classical Sets and Fuzzy Sets 11

2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Classical Set 11
2.2.1 Operations on Classical Sets 12
2.2.2 Properties of Classical Sets 14
2.2.3 Mapping of Classical Sets to a Function 16
2.2.4 Solved Examples 17
2.3 Fuzzy Sets 19
2.3.1 Fuzzy Set Operations 20
2.3.2 Properties of Fuzzy Sets 22
2.3.3 Solved Examples 23

3 Classical and Fuzzy Relations 37

3.1 Introduction 37
3.2 Cartesian Product of Relation 37
3.3 Classical Relations 38
3.3.1 Cardinality of Crisp Relation 39
3.3.2 Operations on Crisp Relation 39
3.3.3 Properties of Crisp Relations 40
3.3.4 Composition 40
3.4 Fuzzy Relations 41
3.4.1 Cardinality of Fuzzy Relations 41
3.4.2 Operations on Fuzzy Relations 42
3.4.3 Properties of Fuzzy Relations 42
3.4.4 Fuzzy Cartesian Product and Composition 43
3.5 Tolerance and Equivalence Relations 51
3.5.1 Crisp Relation 51
XII Contents
3.5.2 Fuzzy Relation 53
3.5.3 Solved Examples 53
4 Membership Functions 73
4.1 Introduction 73
4.2 Features of Membership Function 73
4.3 Classification of Fuzzy Sets 75
4.4 Fuzzification 76
4.5 Membership Value Assignments 76
4.5.1 Intuition 77
4.5.2 Inference 78
4.5.3 Rank Ordering 80
4.5.4 Angular Fuzzy Sets 80
4.5.5 Neural Networks 81
4.5.6 Genetic Algorithm 84
4.5.7 Inductive Reasoning 84
4.6 Solved Examples 85
5 Defuzzification 95
5.1 Introduction 95
5.2 Lambda Cuts for Fuzzy Sets 95
5.3 Lambda Cuts for Fuzzy Relations 96
5.4 Defuzzification Methods 96
5.5 Solved Examples 101
6 Fuzzy Rule-Based System 113
6.1 Introduction 113
6.2 Formation of Rules 113
6.3 Decomposition of Rules 115
6.4 Aggregation of Fuzzy Rules 117
6.5 Properties of Set of Rules 117
6.6 Fuzzy Inference System 118
6.6.1 Construction and Working of Inference System 118
6.6.2 Fuzzy Inference Methods 119
6.6.3 Mamdani's Fuzzy Inference Method 120
6.6.4 Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Method (TS Method) 123
6.6.5 Comparison Between Sugeno and Mamdani Method . . . 126
6.6.6 Advantages of Sugeno and Mamdani Method 127
6.7 Solved Examples 127
7 Fuzzy Decision Making 151
7.1 Introduction 151
7.2 Fuzzy Ordering 151
7.3 Individual Decision Making 153
7.4 Multi-Person Decision Making 153
 Contents XIII

7.5 Multi-Objective Decision Making 154

7.6 Fuzzy Bayesian Decision Method 155

Applications of Fuzzy Logic 157

8.1 Fuzzy Logic in Power Plants 157
8.1.1 Fuzzy Logic Supervisory Control for Coal Power Plant . 157
8.2 Fuzzy Logic Applications in Data Mining 166
8.2.1 Adaptive Fuzzy Partition in Data Base Mining:
Application to Olfaction 166
8.3 Fuzzy Logic in Image Processing 172
8.3.1 Fuzzy Image Processing 172
8.4 Fuzzy Logic in Biomedicine 200
8.4.1 Fuzzy Logic-Based Anesthetic Depth Control 200
8.5 Fuzzy Logic in Industrial and Control Applications 204
8.5.1 Fuzzy Logic Enhanced Control of an AC Induction
Motor with a DSP 204
8.5.2 Truck Speed Limiter Control by Fuzzy Logic 210
8.5.3 Analysis of Environmental Data for Traffic Control
Using Fuzzy Logic 217
8.5.4 Optimization of a Water Treatment System Using
Fuzzy Logic 223
8.5.5 Fuzzy Logic Applications in Industrial Automation . . . . 231
8.5.6 Fuzzy Knowledge-Based System for the Control of a
Refuse Incineration Plant Refuse Incineration 243
8.5.7 Application of Fuzzy Control for Optimal Operation
of Complex Chilling Systems 250
8.5.8 Fuzzy Logic Control of an Industrial Indexing Motion
Application 255
8.6 Fuzzy Logic in Automotive Applications 264
8.6.1 Fuzzy Antilock Brake System 264
8.6.2 Antilock-Braking System and Vehicle Speed
Estimation Using Fuzzy Logic 269
8.7 Application of Fuzzy Expert System 277
8.7.1 Applications of Hybrid Fuzzy Expert Systems in
Computer Networks Design 277
8.7.2 Fuzzy Expert System for Drying Process Control 288
8.7.3 A Fuzzy Expert System for Product Life Cycle
Management : 295
8.7.4 A Fuzzy Expert System Design for Diagnosis of
Prostate Cancer 304
8.7.5 The Validation of a Fuzzy Expert System for Umbilical
Cord Acid-Base Analysis 309
8.7.6 A Fuzzy Expert System Architecture Implementing
Onboard Planning and Scheduling for Autonomous
Small Satellite 313
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8.8 Fuzzy Logic Applications in Power Systems 321
8.8.1 Introduction to Power System Control 321
8.9 Fuzzy Logic in Control 343
8.9.1 Fuzzy Logic Controller 343
8.9.2 Automatic Generation Control Using Fuzzy Logic
Controllers 356
8.10 Fuzzy Pattern Recognition 359
8.10.1 Multifeature Pattern Recognition 367
9 Fuzzy Logic Projects with Matlab 369
9.1 Fuzzy Logic Control of a Switched Reluctance Motor 369
9.1.1 Motor 370
9.1.2 Motor Simulation 370
9.1.3 Current Reference Setting 371
9.1.4 Choice of the Phase to be Fed 373
9.2 Modelling and Fuzzy Control of DC Drive 375
9.2.1 Linear Model of DC Drive 376
9.2.2 Using PSB to Model the DC Drive 378
9.2.3 Fuzzy Controller of DC Drive 378
9.2.4 Results 380
9.3 Fuzzy Rules for Automated Sensor Self-Validation and
Confidence Measure 380
9.3.1 Preparation of Membership Functions 382
9.3.2 Fuzzy Rules 383
9.3.3 Implementation 384
9.4 FLC of Cart 387
9.5 A Simple Fuzzy Excitation Control System (AVR) in Power
System Stability Analysis 392
9.5.1 Transient Stability Analysis 393
9.5.2 Automatic Voltage Regulator 393
9.5.3 Fuzzy Logic Controller Results Applied to a One
Synchronous Machine System 394
9.5.4 Fuzzy Logic Controller in an 18 Bus Bar System 396
9.6 A Low Cost Speed Control System of Brushless DC Motor
Using Fuzzy Logic 398
9.6.1 Proposed System 399
9.6.2 Fuzzy Inference System 401
9.6.3 Experimental Result 402
Appendix A Fuzzy Logic in Matlab 409
References 419