3D.

METHODOLOGY AND WORK PLAN

3.1 UNDERSTANDING OF THE OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF WORK
The consultant has thoroughly go through the RFP documents, TOR and carried out preliminary review of
related documents and presents their views, findings herewith and reflect it in our comments and suggestion in
TECH-3C.
Our view, understanding and responsibility to conduct the assignment are presented in terms of assignment
objective, scope of work and expected output.

3.1.1 The Project Background

The Ministry of Physical Infrastructure Development, Water Supply and Sanitation Division (WSSD), Province
no: 3, is responsible of planning, implementing, operation and maintenance of water supply and sanitation
systems throughout the province.WSSD is implementing different Water Supply and Sanitation Projects in this
Fiscal Year 075/76. Naikap Waste Water Management Project is one of them for the water cycle, water supply,
sewage management, treatment and safe disposal to achieve strong benefits to community.

3.1.2 Objective of the Study

The overall objective of the study is to conduct feasibility study and prepare the report that will help to formulate
technically feasible, economically viable, socially acceptable and environmental friendly Waste Water
Management Project.
Feasibility study report will be prepared after a request is received from the community and a rough site
appraisal of the proposed project area is carried out. This appraisal will review the felt need and outline
feasibility of the proposed project. Project feasibility reports are to be produced so that a sufficiently detailed
idea on Economic, Social, Environmental, Financial, Institutional and Technical feasibility of a sewerage project
is established. Projects will be selected for detailed survey amongst a number of projects whose feasibility study
has been carried out. Selection of the projects will be based on departmental scoring criteria according to which
the projects will be evaluated and prioritized for implementation. This is expected to make the project selection
process more clear, systematic and transparent.

3.1.3 Scope of the Consulting Services

The scope of the consultancy includes topographic survey along the alignment in sufficient details to prepare
Plan and Profile drawings of effluent conveyance pipeline, soil investigation, hydrological data analysis,
Detailed designing of Sewerage Network and appropriate treatment facilities, Preparation of Specification, Rate
Analysis, Estimates and Preparation of BOQs for sewerage collection, conveyance, treatment and disposal
mechanism.
The consultant shall conduct field survey and prepare the detailed project report. For effectively carrying out the
survey and design works, consultant will work in close collaboration with Users Committee and concerned
stakeholders under the guidance of Water Supply and Sanitation Division of Ministry of Physical Infrastructure
Development, Province No.3. Consultant shall review the existing sector policies, strategies, approach papers,
concept papers and other relevant documents so as to incorporate the policy guidance in the project appraisal.
The scope of the work should include all, but not necessarily limited to the following:
 Assess the current conditions of entire wastewater management infrastructure, identify zones for
wastewater, conveyance system and disposal stations.

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 Clearly identify core areas, which are suitable for sewerage network system and rest by onsite sanitation
system. The onsite sanitation system should be accompanied by fecal sludge management if seemed
necessary. The appropriate system for collection, transport and emptying including fecal sludge
treatment should be proposed. The land for treatment should be determined with the active participation
of the Users Committee members. The written consent and commitment for the land availability is the
most. In the layout diagram, the land should be clearly marked.

 The consultant will analyze the past, present and future data regarding wastewater loading rate etc. study
and recommend the types of treatment need. The consultant shall determine the quantity and quality of
the Sewage to be received at Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP).The capacity of type of treatment plant is
governed by quantity of sewage and wastewater analysis report respectively. Consultant shall suggest the
process of STP, in such a way that the Sewage Parameters discharged after treatment shall comply the
prevailing standards. Consultant shall consider all the expected shock loads entering from the industries,
if any, wherever appropriate the consultant may also propose DEWATS.

 The report should include the detail study of waste water collection and conveyance, location of disposal
facility, sewer design parameter, waste water generation, design of sewer, its appurtenances, design of
manholes / scraper manholes / ventilating column etc.

 The consultant will study different possible options for sewage treatment / recycle plant and recommend
for the technically most feasible and financially viable option with detail and adequate design and
drawings to implement. The consultant should consider the following:

 Preparation of design and drawings based on detail survey

 The design should include waste water collection and conveyance, location of disposal facility, Sewer
design parameter, waste water generation, design of sewer, its appurtenances, design of manholes /
scraper manholes / ventilating column etc, observations, past, present and future data analysis and
projections, material of constructions, waste water loading rate , which includes determinations of
diameter of pipes, quality of pipes. etc.

 Conveyance of the collected Sewage

 Due consideration will be given to following features while finalizing the proposed alignment: i)
Follows the natural contours, ii) Capable to conveyance the effluent through gravity iii) Accessible
through existing infrastructure of roads / trails/ tracks iv) The minimum damages to local wells and other
water resources v) Least interference with the social setup of the area vi) Minimum social and
environmental impacts vii) Socially acceptable. The consultant will ensure that the prepared designs are
implementable on ground with the path of least disturbance to other utilities.
 The design should include diameter of pipe and other appurtenances required including mode and system
of conveyance of the collected Sewage.

 The complete design and detailed engineering drawing for these components shall be submitted showing
the size of the pipes, most economical cross section of pipe, invert level of pipes, route, flow direction,
ground levels, locations of sewer appurtenances, longitudinal sections including showing the
underground infrastructure if any comes across or along the route of the sewerage line, structural details
of general components and critical components and other required details deem fit to be included with all
the design calculations should be submitted.
 Sewage Pumping Stations (SPS)

 The use of SPS is not favorable. The consultant will carry out detail alignment study in order to identify
the most suitable alignment, as far as possible by gravity flow of effluent thus avoiding the use of

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 electricity and mechanical parts and equipment. If there are no other options then the following
considerations should carefully be noted:
 Site selection for Sewage Pumping Stations (main and auxiliary) shall be done by the consultant with
respect to the technically, physically and financially viable options.

 Detailed design of pumping station shall include the configuration and detail structural design of the
pumping station including the various civil, electrical and mechanical components in accordance with
prevailing civil engineering practices.

 Proposed Civil, Mechanical and Electrical design should be economical and should meet the criteria of
prescribed design manuals. General arrangement drawings, pumps, motors, electrical panels' layouts,
power requirement calculations, Phase wise implementation schedule for installing the pumps motors
etc. shall be submitted. The design shall include the component of atomation of the operation of the
pumping stations.

 Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

 The consultant shall design the STP to treat the sewage up to the limit prescribed by the relevant Govt.
authority.
 The treatment process option shall be selected by the consultant and presented to the client for approval.
Only after the approval the consultant will design in detail.

 The consultant shall prepare the requirement of land and prepare a layout incorporating the complete unit
requires for the treatment process and to comply the norms prescribed by the Province Government.
 The consultant shall determine the quantity and quality of the Sewage to be received at STP. Consultant
shall suggest the process of STP, in such a way that the Sewage Parameters discharged after treatment
shall comply the norms. Consultant shall consider all the expected shock loads entering from the
industries, if any.

 Treated Sewage Disposal (TSD)

 The consultant shall determine the location of the disposal point with different alternatives in accordance
with the provisions made by Province Government.
 The design should include diameter of pipe, and other appurtenances required including mode and
system of conveyance of the collected Sewage.

 The complete design and detailed engineering drawing for these components shall be submitted showing
the ground levels, size of the pipes, invert level of pipes, route, flow direction and other required details
deem fit to be included.

 Land requirement

 Land requirement for SPS, STP, TSD and for any other options such as DEWATS and FSM, if
suggested, shall be as per and accommodating/ fulfilling all the statutory requirements. There should be
the written consent of the community to provide the land.

 Other scope of the work

 Without limiting the major scope of the work, the consultant will be responsible, but not limited, for the
following scope:
 Assess existing sewerage services in the project area. Undertake necessary surveys and investigations
including off-site information. Conduct detailed engineering survey of sewerage systems suitable for the

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 service area with due consideration of the existing facilities. The scope also includes assessing existing
sewerage structures in terms of their reuse in case of rehabilitation, up-gradation, and extension of
existing systems. Update maps and plans of existing sewerage assets to assess existing sewerage
structures in terms of their reuse in case of rehabilitation, up-gradation, and extension of existing
systems. This assessment shall include the current conditions of entire wastewater management
infrastructure, identify zones, for wastewater, conveyance system (current routing of flows and flow
monitoring, type of open channel / pipe used, quality of system, identification of redundant conveyance
system), disposal stations (incoming and outgoing flow monitoring, current status of transformer,
electricity metering, pumps, panels, Diesel generators, screen chambers, wet wells, its capacity, rising
mains and final discharged points). Emphasis should be given to rehabilitation, up-grading and
improvements of existing systems to reduce losses, reduce costs, enhance efficiencies and identify any
critical activities to be executed in this regard and include that in the project design. This also includes
the reviewing available secondary data and reports required for analyzing the existing infrastructure
facilities before designing the project. Collect and update primary sources, as necessary. Collection of
data (primary / secondary) would be the responsibility of consultant.

 Plan an integrated sewerage system to convert existing disintegrated system (if any) into integrated
gravity based system as much as possible.
 To assess the house hold connections, commercial and industrial areas, disposal points, nearby water
bodies’ locations, possible sewer alignment routes, critical positions.

 To clarify the community or local body’s enthusiasm on the execution of the project and willingness as
well as affordability to contribute in cash as set by Province Government's plan and policy and labour for
construction and undertake operation and maintenance responsibility upon commissioning.

 The survey should be reflected in GIS map with sufficient details of the project area showing every
remarkable feature with exact location and detail of the existing and proposed structures for sewerage
facilities.

 Prepare detailed design report of agreed technical options, technical specifications, cost estimates, and
bid documents for projects, which should be in accordance with the Government’s procurement
guidelines. The overall design would be for over 30 year's period presently as medium level service
standard with possibility of upgrading to higher level of services. The designs shall confirm to relevant/
latest applicable National Standards. Wherever such standards are not available, appropriate standards
shall be followed in discussion with Water Supply and Sanitation Division. The project cost should
include operation and maintenance including human resources and annual O&M cost. Recommended
design / technology / process should have simple and least expensive O&M.
 Perform socio-economic and financial analysis with appropriate tariff suggestion and cost benefit
analysis;

 Dissemination of agency’s implementation policies and strategies to the concerned stakeholders;

 The consultant will make assessment to ensure that the issues of land acquisition, compensation,
resettlement and relocation are kept as minimum as possible. The expectation is such issues do not exist,
incase such issues exist prepare the resettlement plans according to Province Government rules.

 Identify need and make consensus with the involvement of users on the type of sewerage services to be
developed.
 Selection of appropriate / suitable material type for structural member / sewer to withstand
against soil chemical condition.

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  Study and recommend the options for re-use of treated wastewater.

3.1.4 Expected Output & Deliverables

The Consultant will discuss their interim findings at review meetings to be held with the Client on regular basis,
and provide the following final deliverables.
i. Two copies of the inception report will be submitted to SDMS/WSSDO within 15 days from the date of
work order issued unless otherwise mentioned in the work order; comments and/or suggestions on the
inception report will be provided to the consultant within one week from the date of reports received;
ii. Two copies and one soft copy of draft report will be submitted to the SDMS/WSSDO within three and half
months after approval of inception report.
iii. Three copies of final report along with necessary amendments to incorporate comments and suggestions on
the draft report will be submitted within four days after receiving the comments on the draft report, In
addition, one sets of electronic version of the whole set of reports will be submitted to SDMS/WSSDO.

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3.2 PRE PROPOSAL EXERCISE, ASSESSMENT OF CRITICAL ISSUES, PROBLEM AND
CHALLENGE
Prior to the proceeding the proposal write-up, Consultant met the concerned official of DWSS conduct the
meetings and interaction and collected the concerning documents and information in order to become clear about
the tasks given in the TOR. These meetings have provided information about related issues and problems thus
assisting to develop an in-depth knowledge and understanding on the requirement of the extent of technical as
well as managerial services needed for the successful completion of the consulting services. This formed a basis
for realistically addressing and planning the approach, developing the methodology in stepwise and preparing the
manning and work schedule required for the proposed consulting services, which is thus reflected in the
proposal.
A well-coordinated multi-disciplinary effort will be required to achieve the desired objectives. The information
provided on the TOR about the project, particularly pollution due to geo positioning will be further investigated
during the study. Some of the major outputs of the study are to reconfirm its preliminary design and estimates for
control measure.

3.2.1 Documents Referred

The Consultant has thoroughly reviewed the similar feasibility report, its findings recommendation and Proposal
of system and Layout concept. Beside this consultant has also collected following documents and make
preliminary desk study for better understanding of the project requirements.
List of documents referred
1. Feasibility Study of the similar project
2. District Profile, Geological Map of the region and goolge Map
3. Reports on similar Project in similar geographical region
4. LRMP (1:50,000), - Department of Survey
5. Geological map (1:25,000) - Department of Mines and geology
6. National Environmental Guidelines and Environmental Management Guidelines, May 1997
7. Environment Protection Act, 1997
8. Environment Protection Rules, 1997
9. Mountain Risk Engineering Handbook (ICIMOD, 1991)
10. National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA), 2010
11. Climate change Policy, 2011
12. Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR), 2014
13. Sanitation and Hygiene Master Plan, 2068
14. Water Supply and Sanitation Sector (WSSS) Policy and Strategies 2071 (draft), Government of Nepal.
15. Declarations of Climate Change and WASH Sector Conference, September 2015, MoUD, Government
of Nepal
16. WASH Sector Development Plan, Draft 3, Dec 2015, Government of Nepal

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3.2.2 Preliminary Desk Study and Finding of Study

3.2.2.1 Description and review of relevant documents

Water Resources Strategy, 2002

Every Nepali citizen will have access to water sufficient to meet basic needs, including drinking, cooking and
sanitation. Every citizen will also benefit from Nepal’s abundant water supply through the production of food
and energy at reasonable cost. For decades, Nepal’s economic development efforts have focused on its water
resources. Despite these efforts, progress towards meeting the population’s basic water needs and promoting
economic growth related to water resources development has been slow. As Nepal’s population grows, demands
on existing water increase. These demands, combined with more frequent incidence and risk of pollution and
other factors that limit the availability of potable water, increase the potential for future water resource conflicts.
Water Resources Strategy Formulation (WRSF) involves the reconciliation of a range of problems and
constraints to sustainable water resource development, including those related to government policies, financial
and human resources, institutions and actions. A key objective of WRSF is to identify effective, scientific,
sustainable and consensus-based mechanisms to facilitate the implementation of action-oriented initiatives and
programs and in doing so, successfully bring about this reconciliation. With the goal of meeting its water supply
needs and achieving long-term sustainability, The Water Resources Strategy will meet this need by providing a
systematic framework for water resources development and identifying action plans to avoid and resolve
conflicts, and achieve Nepal’s water-related development objectives. His Majesty's Government through Water
and Energy Commission Secretariat (WECS) formulated the first comprehensive Water Resources Strategy of
the country under the financial assistance of the World Bank/IDA and CIDA
Water Resources Act, 1992 & Water Resources Regulation, 2000
Water Resource Act is an umbrella act governing water resource management. It declares the order of priority of
water use; vests ownership of water in the state; prohibits water pollution; and provides for the formation of
Water User Association and system of licensing. The Regulation sets out the procedure to register a WUA and to
obtain a license and sets out the rights and obligations of WUA and license holders. it is expedient to make
arrangements for the rational utilization, conservation, management and development of the water resources that
are available in the Nepal in the form of surface water, underground water or in whatsoever form, and, it is
expedient to make timely legal arrangements for determining beneficial uses of water resources, preventing
environmental and other hazardous effects thereof and also for keeping water resources free from pollution.
Environmental Protection Act (EPA), 1997 & Environmental Protection Regulations (EPR), 1997 and
amendments
EPA and EPR have several provisions to institutionalize environmental consideration in development projects.
Section (5) of EPA stipulates that ‘a proponent who is desirous of implementing any proposal will have to
submit such a proposal, accompanied by the report on Initial Environmental Examination or Environmental
Impact Assessment of the proposal, to the concerned agency for the approval of such a proposal. The EPR
elaborates provisions to prepare and submit the scoping report, Terms of Reference (TOR), and IEE/EIA report
for approval and includes public consultation processes. As per the EPR, the Environmental Assessment report,
in general, will include detail information on impacts and environmental protection measures, including
implementation plan, monitoring and evaluation and environmental auditing. Public consultation is a pre-
requisite in all the prescribed projects.
Solid Waste Management Act, 2011

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This act has been formulated with a goal of minimizing solid waste production from the target area by setting
rules and regulation on SWM in the country, to develop better environment for the systematic and effective
management of solid waste and to involve all the concern stakeholders in SWM practice.
The main feature of this act is discussion of 3R principle. 3R principle seems to be very beneficial as it not only
increases the life of land fill site but also save the money which could be used for other infrastructure
development.
Section 4 of the Act assign the local body to manage or use otherwise the solid waste discharged or dumped in
collection center, transfer station or treatment plant or collected during cleaning. As per Section 4, Sub-section 2
of the Act, the responsibility for processing and management of hazardous waste, medical waste, chemical waste
or industrial waste under the prescribed standards will rest with the person or institution that has generated the
solid waste.
According to Section 6, Sub-section 1, the local body will have to prescribe for segregation of solid waste at
source by dividing the solid waste into different categories including at least organic and inorganic. Similarly, as
per Sub-section 2 of the Act, a person, institution or entity that produces solid waste will require carrying them in
the collection centre; Local body may provide necessary technology, goods, equipments, containers, etc. to them.
The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2070 was formulated as per provision made in Article 50 of Solid Waste
Management Act, 2068. The Rules contain 27 sections that provision the methodology, procedures, technology
and execution of solid waste management. This regulation has emphasized the segregation of hazardous waste at
source and mentioned that the responsibility of proper disposal and management of segregated hazardous waste
belongs to the producers themselves.
Section 3 of the Rule describes about the segregation and management of solid waste. It has mentioned that
while segregating solid waste in degradable and non-degradable waste at source, it is essential to segregate waste
into hazardous and chemical waste. It also states that the local body will be responsible for conducting awareness
program regarding source reduction, source separation and adopting suitable technologies. Section 5 of the Rule
outlines management and execution of hazardous/chemical waste.
Nepal Pesticides Act, 1991
Whereas, it is expedient to make provisions on the import, export, production, purchase, sale and use of the
pesticides used to destroy fatal pests (kitanu) in various seeds, plants, trees, animals, birds etc.; Be it enacted by
His Majesty King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, with the advice and consent of the Council of Ministers, in
accordance with Article 129 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal, 1990 (2047).
Local Self-Governance Act, 1999 and Regulations, 2000
The Act empowers the local bodies for the conservation of soil, forest and other natural resources and
implements environmental conservation activities. It also describes about the user group formation to implement
the programs in the local areas. The Regulation has provisions for Village Development Committee (VDC),
District Development Committee (DDCs) and municipality to coordinate and implement development
projects/programs and to provide approval or clearance of the proposed project.
Consultant has also review following act & regulation
Soil and Water Conservation Act, 2039 (1982)
The Soil and Water Conservation Act, 1982 and its Rules 1985 contain several provisions to regulate activities in
the watershed area. However, the Project area has not been declared as a protected watershed and, therefore, the
legal provisions thereof are not applicable for this Project.
Forest Act, 1993 & Forest Regulations, 1995 (including amendments)

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Since forest has an important role in managing water resources, Forest Act has many provisions effecting the
integrated water resources management of the country. The basic objective is developing and conserving the
forests of the country. The government can provide parts of any type of forest for the implementation of national
priority plan with the assurance that it does not adversely affect the environment. The Regulation further
elaborates legal measures for the conservation of forests and wild animals.
National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Policy, 2009
It was formulated to provide the overall policy support and guidance towards achieving equity in service delivery
by ensuring that the financially marginalized households within the system areas are mainstreamed as valid
customers of service through design and implementation of financial incentives where so required. It aims to
ensure that the roles and responsibilities of central and local government bodies, external development partners,
private sector including NGOs and user groups are clearly defined in Subproject implementation and regulation
and performance management in accordance with national decentralization policy.
Drinking Water Regulations, 1998
Regulates the use of drinking water and deals with the control of water pollution and maintenance of quality
standards for drinking water. It also sets out the conditions of service utilization by consumers
Nepal Water Supply Corporation Act, 1989 (and amendments) & Water Supply Management Board Act,
2006 & Water Supply Tariff Fixation Commission Act, 2006
These acts facilitate the improved management of water and sanitation services. They establish the legal basis for
private sector management of Subprojects and independent fee setting and regulation applicable to all urban
Subprojects
Water Tax Act, 1966
Under the Act, the water user who use water through a tap distributed by the government is obliged to pay water
tax as fixed by prevalent laws and charges are levied if the tax is not paid within the time as fixed by the law.
Water Supply Tariff Fixation Commission Act (2006)
Provide the authority to the Water Supply Tariff Fixation Commission (WSTFC) for economic regulation of
water supply and wastewater services and in resolution of consumer complaints. This autonomous corporate
body is empowered to fix the tariff for water supply and wastewater services independently at a reasonable price
based on level of service and the cost involved in providing the service. WSTFC will ultimately be responsible
for regulation of water supply and wastewater services throughout the country though it has initially started its
activities from Kathmandu Valley.
National Urban Policy (2007)
The national urban policy (2007) of Nepal highlights the historical imbalances and haphazard nature of urban
development in Nepal. It views urban centers as catalysts for economic development linked to north south and
east-west access corridors and flags poor sanitation, environmental degradation and lack of services by the urban
poor as requiring urgent attention. The Urban Policy proposes building the capacity of municipalities to plan and
manage integrated local development activities including the preparation of urban master plans to be moderated
by central and regional authorities. Private sector involvement and investment in infrastructure development is
specifically sought.
Town Development Act, 1988
The Act has provisions about the formation of town development committee in any town area to implement town
planning and in carrying out the developmental and reconstruction work of that town.
Labor Act, 1992

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The Act emphasizes on occupational health and safety of workers and stipulates provision of necessary safety
gears and adopting necessary precautionary measures against potentially hazardous machine/equipment in the
workplace. It also stipulates to make arrangements such as removal of waste accumulated during production
process and prevention of dust, fume, vapor and other waste materials, which adversely affect the health of
workersThe Act emphasizes on occupational health and safety of workers and stipulates provision of necessary
safety gears and adopting necessary precautionary measures against potentially hazardous machine/equipment in
the workplace. It also stipulates to make arrangements such as removal of waste accumulated during production
process and prevention of dust, fume, vapor and other waste materials, which adversely affect the health of
workers
Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act, 2001
The section 3 of the act prohibits a child from engaging in work, sub clause 1 of the clause 3 states “Nobody will
engage in work a child who has not completed fourteen years of age as a labor and sub clause 2 states “Nobody
will engage a child in a risk full occupation or work set forth in the Schedule”. The section 4 states “Child not to
be engaged in work against his will by temptation or fear or pressure or by any other means”
Public Roads Act 2031 BS
It is enacted in BS 2031with the objective of providing transportation facilities and economic benefit to the
public by classifying the categories of public roads their construction, maintenance and rehabilitation and take
the necessary land with a provision of adequate compensation. It also elaborates to take road development
revenue from road users.
Land Acquisition Act, 2034 (1977)
The Land Acquisition Act (1977) and its subsequent amendment in 1993 especially procedures of land
acquisition and compensation. The act empowers the government to acquire any land, on the payment of
compensation, for public purposes or for the operation of any development project initiated government
institution. There is a provision of Compensation Determination Committee (CDC) chaired by Chief District
officer to determine compensation rates for affected properties. The act also includes a provision for acquisition
of land through negotiation. It states in clause 27 “not withstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Act, the
government may acquire any land for any purpose through negotiation with concerned land owner. It will not be
necessary to comply with the procedure laid down in this act when acquiring land through negotiations.”
Policy on involuntary Resettlement
Policy on Involuntary resettlement of the GON is not explicitly formulated but governed by a decision of
Cabinet of Ministers to reasonable compensate whenever there is a need for involuntary resettlement . In donor
funded projects the Involuntary Resettlement programs are based on the Involuntary Resettlement of the donor
agencies. The policy generally states that involuntary resettlement will be avoided where Feasible. Where
population displacement is unavoidable, it will be minimized by exploring all viable options. People unavoidably
displaced will be compensated and assisted, so that their economic and social future would be generally as
favorable with the project as it would have been in the absence of the project. People affected will be informed
fully and consulted on resettlement and compensation options. Existing social and cultural institution of
resettlers and their hosts will be supported and used to the greatest extent possible and resettler will be integrated
economically and socially into host communities. The absence of formal legal title to land by some affected
groups will not be bar to compensation; particular attention will be paid to households headed by women and
other vulnerable groups, such as indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities , and appropriate assistance provided
to help them improve their status. As far as possible, involuntary resettlement will be conceived in the
presentation of project costs and benefits. The policy addresses losses of land, resources, and means of livelihood
or social support systems, which people suffer as a result of a donor assisted project.

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Technical Auditing
The Technical Audits for any infrastructure project is realized as a primary need in context of the degrading
quality in the public works. The technical audit will basically verify the design appropriateness (maximum
output for the minimum input) , verfy project effectiveness ( reasonable balance between functionally and cost)
and confirm on the project sustainability. In this context the technical auditing to suit to the specific needs of
infrastructure development is initiated. The internal auditing will be duly institutionalized within an independent
HNM/N institution (under NPC).
Public Works Directives, 2058
As stated in the section 62 of the Financial Administration Rules (FAR), directives carrying out Public works
have been developed and are recently approved by HMG/N. The directive has been in effect since beginning of
the current fiscal year. A management unit in the form of a steering committee with the representation from the
concerned Ministries is being established within MoPPW. The PWD contains organizational directive, standard
bidding documents and a compendium of applicabkle acts, regulation, standards and guidelines.
Standards and Guidelines
National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) and Directives, 2005
Provides details of the water quality standards to be applied to all water supply Subprojects. These set out the
water quality parameters, which the water suppliers will adhere to. The directives also ensures that the water
sampling, testing and analysis procedures used to certify that the drinking water supplied or to be supplied
conforms to the NDWQS and also sets the monitoring and surveillance procedures to certify that the quality of
supplied water conforms to the standards.
National Environmental Impact Assessment (NEIA) Guidelines, 1993
The NEIA Guidelines were endorsed by GoN on 27th Sept.1992 and gazette on 19thJuly 1993, Vol. – 43, No. 5.
This guideline was developed in the process of establishinga national system of EIA in Nepal. This guideline
provides criteria for project screening, Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and Environmental Impact
Assessment. This also includes scoping, preparation of ToR for IEE/EIA, Methods ofIEE/EIA report, Impact
identification, prediction, impact mitigation measures, review of draft EIA report, impact monitoring, evaluation
of impact studies, impact auditing, community participation and schedules & annexes to IEE and EIA.
Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan (NEPAP)
The NEPAP recognizes that a growing number of people are exposed to pollution from industrial enterprises.
The action plan for infrastructure development within NEPA Precommends the finalization of draft EIA
guidelines for water resources, the development of EIA guidelines for road construction and the use of EIA when
designing hydroelectric projects.
EIA Guidelines for Water Resources Sector (1996), Based on the NEIA Guidelines, EIA Guidelines for Water
Resources Sector (1996) has been developed by the Ministry of Water Resources. The proposed AWSSP has
been conducted in accordance with the guideline for water resources sector.
EIA Guidelines for Forestry Sector (1996)
GoN in keeping with the spirit of the NEIA Guidline,1993 framed EIA Guidelines for the Forestry Sector (1995)
with an aim to facilitate the sustainable use of forest resources for socio-economic development and for meeting
basic needs of the communities for the forest products to make proposals socio-culturally acceptable,
economically feasible and environmentally benign to conserve genetic resources and biodiversity and minimize
environmental damage in forest areas and facilitate in identification of positive and negative impacts of programs

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to be implemented by another agencies in forest areas. The guideline emphasizes the need of carrying out EIA
study of development projects and programs proposed for implementation in forest areas.
GON’s Approach Paper for 2011-2014
It aims to provide reliable drinking water and sanitation services to all by 2017. The main programs and
strategies, it has outlined are to complete projects which give return in a short period and are incomplete;
promote local participation and ownership in the process of designing and implementation of projects; launch
Quality improvement programs in the drinking water projects of urban and small town areas in order to meet the
quality of distributed drinking water as per the national drinking water standards; construction of Sewerages with
treatment system in urban and semi urban areas ; establishing and operating small sewerage processing systems
before discharging into rivers. Special attention, for the reduction of effects of climate change, will be paid while
implementing the programs of drinking water and sanitation. Sanitation program will be implemented in the
form of a campaign by integrating household toilet construction works with the drinking water projects. "Open
Defecation Free Zone" will be developed, in the places which are not covered by the projects. Activities of the
agencies related to drinking water and sanitation sector will be mobilized according to the Sector Wide Approach
(SWAP).The cost recovery Subproject will be adopted in the construction and improvement of urban and sub-
urban drinking water system.
Environmental Policy and Plan
Government of Nepal, for the first time in the planning history of Nepal, integrated environmental aspects in the
Sixth Plan (1980-’85) and urged to carry out EIA of development Projects and programmes (NPC, 1980). This
commitment was re-enforced in the Seventh Plan (1985-90), the National Conservation Strategy, 1988, and the
Master Plan for Forestry Sector (1989). The Eighth Plan (1992-’97) elaborated the need for institutionalizing
EIA system to attain the goals of sustainable development by integrating environmental aspects into
development activities (NPC, 1992). The Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan (1993) and
Environmental Strategies and Policies for Industry, Forestry and Water Resource Sectors (1998) also recognized
EIA as an essential planning and management tool to internalize environmental management activities into
development Projects.
The Ninth Plan (1997-2002) emphasized on participatory EIA, involvement of the stakeholders in natural
resource management and internalization of environmental management in sectoral development Projects and
programs, with a view to attaining sustainable development objectives. The Environment and Natural Resource
Management Policy, as included in the Ninth Plan, has re-emphasized the need for internalizing and
institutionalizing the EIA system right from the local level through coordinated effort (NPC, 1997).
The Tenth Plan (2003-2007) has identified EIA as a priority area, and it emphasizes on environmental
monitoring of the Project that have undergone EIA process. The Plan focuses on the need for setting-up national
environmental standards with the strategy of internalizing environmental management into the development
programmes. The Plan has also realized the need for carrying out Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) to
promote environmental administration and governance. The plan emphasizes on the participation of the local
people for environment conservation, according to the Local Self Governance Act 2055 (1999), through the local
bodies, by making them responsible and capable to manage natural resources at the local level. The Local Self
Governance Act, 2055 also empowers the local bodies for the Conservation of soil, forest and other natural
resources and implements environment conservation activities.
During the last two and half decades, Government of Nepal has endorsed and implemented several sectoral
policies and conservation-friendly documents which also focus on conducting environmental assessment. To
name a few, the National Conservation Strategy (1988) and Master Plan for Forestry Sector (1989), Nepal
Environment Policy and Action Plan (NEPAP I and II) (1993 and 1998) and Sustainable Development Agenda
for Nepal (SDAN) (1993) provide a number of opportunities to internalize and institutionalize environmental

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assessment process in Nepal. SDAN emphasizes on the conservation of forests, species, ecosystems, genetic
resources or in other words biodiversity.
Summary of Relevant Nepali Laws in Chronological Order
SN Act or Regulation Areas Addressed
1 Essential Commodity  Deems drinking water an essential commodity and
Protection Act 1955 (2012 BS) strictly protects drinking water.
 Prohibits any unauthorized use or misuse, stealing,
damaging etc. of drinking water.
2 Muluki Ain 1963 (2020 BS)  Sets out the order of priority of use of water for
irrigation.
 Regulates traditional farmer managed irrigation
systems.
3 Solid Waste (Management and  Establishes the Solid Waste Management and
Resource Mobilization) Center Resource mobilization Center as the responsible
Act 1987 (2044 BS) authority for the management of solid waste.
 Deals with the pollution of water by solid waste.
4 Solid Waste (Management and  Deals with the collection, transportation and disposal
Resource Mobilization) of solid waste.
Regulation 1989 (2046 BS)  Deals with the provision of public toilets and bath
houses.
5 Nepal Water Supply  Establishes the Nepal Water Supply Corporation as
Corporation Act 1989 (2046 the perpetual, autonomous government controlled
BS) corporation responsible for the supply of drinking
water.
 Prohibits certain acts and provides
penalties/punishment for violation.
6 The Constitution of the  Guarantees the right to life and property.
Kingdom of Nepal 1990 (2047  Provides for the acquisition of property under certain
BS) circumstances and for compensation.
7 Water Resource Act 1992  The umbrella Act governing water resource
(2049 BS) management.
 Declares the order of priority of water use.
 Vests ownership of water in the State.
 Provides for the formation of water user associations
and establishes a system of licensing.
 Prohibits water pollution.
8 Electricity Act 1992 (2049 BS)  Governs the use of water for hydropower production.
 Establishes a system of licensing.
 Sets out the powers, functions and duties of a licence
holder.
 Provides certain financial incentives for licence
holders.
 Sets out the powers of the government.
9 Industrial Enterprises Act 1992  Requires permission for the extension and
(2049 BS) diversification of environmentally sensitive industries.
 Provides financial incentives for industrial enterprises
that minimize harmful effects on the environment.
10 Water Resource Regulation  The umbrella Regulation governing water resource

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 1993 (2050 BS) management.
 Sets out the procedure to register a Water User
Association and to obtain a license.
 Establishes the District Water Resource Committee.
 Sets out the rights and obligations of Water User
Associations and license holders.
 Deals with the acquisition of house and land and
compensation.
11 Electricity Regulation 1993  Sets out the procedure for obtaining a license.
(2050 BS)  Deals with the acquisition of house and land and
compensation.
 Sets out the powers, functions and duties of license
holders.
12 Environment Protection Act  Requires certain persons/bodies to conduct an EIA or
1996 (2053 BS) IEE.
 Deals with the prevention and control of pollution.
13 Environment Protection  Lists the water related projects required to conduct an
Regulation 1997 (2054 BS) EIA or IEE.
 Deals with the control of water pollution and pollution
control certificate
14 Drinking Water Regulation  Regulates the use of drinking water.
1998 (2055 BS)  Provides for the formation of Drinking Water User
Associations and sets out the procedure for
registration.
 Deals with licensing of use drinking water.
 Deals with the control of water pollution and
maintenance of quality standards for drinking water.
 Sets out the conditions of service utilization by
consumers.
 Provides for the acquisition of house and land and
compensation.
15 Local Self Governance Act  Establishes a decentralized governance structure Sets
1999 (2055 BS) out the powers, functions and duties of the VDC,
Municipality and DDC in relation to water and
sanitation.
 Sets out which natural resources are assets of local
bodies and empowers local bodies to levy a natural
resource tax.
16 Local Self Governance  Sets out the powers, functions and duties of VDC,
Regulation 1999 (2056 BS) Municipality and DDC in relation to water and
sanitation.
 Establishes the procedure for the formulation of water
related plan and project implementation.
17 Irrigation Regulation 2000  Deals with Irrigation Water User Associations and the
(2056 BS) transfer of projects to Irrigation Water User
Associations.
 Provides for a joint management system by HMGN
and Irrigation Water User Association.

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  Deals with Irrigation and River Control Committee
 Sets out the conditions of service utilisation.
 Sets out the obligations of user of irrigation and
provides for service charges.
 Deals with the protection, repair and maintenance of
irrigation systems.

3.2.2.2 Description of technical and social aspect of project

The methodology adopted for conducting feasibility study will be based on wide community participatory
approach. Prior to visit to the project area, project related documents (e.g. maps, earlier project
reports/documents, appraisal reports etc.) will be reviewed. Possibilities of various alternatives for feasibility
study will be investigated and incorporated during feasibility survey.
Information will be collected through household surveys, focus group discussions and interviews with key
informants. The feasibility study report will strictly follow the departmental design guidelines and GON
directives for project selection, implementation and operation and maintenance.
Consultant will collect and review all available secondary data and reports and identify requirements of surveys,
studies and investigations.
Technical Aspect
Consultant will consult Sewerage Development & Management Section (SDMS) of DWSS and concerned
WSSDO and present the inception report to disseminate the approach, methodology of study, options considered
and their pros and cons, key findings and recommendations thoroughly in an easy understandable manner.
Consultant will obtain their concurrence while proceeding project study. After approval of preliminary concept
designs, consultant will prepare the study report to ensure clarity and understanding by the SDMS/WSSDO and
other relevant stakeholders. All the necessary calculations will be prepared to determine and justify the
engineering solution proposed for the project/ component, and to be incorporated into the study reports.
Consultant will also assess and recommend the appropriate issues such as the financial analysis of the project,
cost recovery, operation & maintenance, proportion of the poor in the proposed service area, and the WUA cash
flow, in close coordination with WUA, WSSDO for the sustainability of the project.
The feasibility study report will be fairly detailed to the extent that it provides on the following technical aspects;

 Existing sanitary sewerage services in the Municipality related to the project (cross checked through NMIP
data);
 Sewerage Projects either new or being implemented for interference or supplement such as rehabilitation
or up gradation or extension to existing system/s within the project area;

 Detailed information on population, institutions, sewerage loads within the project area;

 Coverage data on households, population and institutions in terms of additional coverage or reinstatement
of service;
 Information on relative level differences between key points distribution area, sewerage treatment plant,
pump house, disposal land etc

 Roughly the length of transmission and distribution pipe alignment of sewerage project;

 Layout of the proposed project showing relative positions of sewerage structures, prominent landmarks and
community dwellings, provided bench marks etc.

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  Availability and distances for transportation of local materials, the nearest market and road head and
distances involved for importation of materials;

 Major environmental consequences likely to occur due to construction of the project;

 Assessment of land acquisition and compensation issues.

 Suggest system for operation and maintenance including manpower and annual cost.

 Commitment by users and municipality to actively participate and contribute in the project
implementation and undertaking the responsibility of project operation and maintenance upon
commissioning;

 Commitment by community to provide required land for project facilities ( preferably free of cost) and
define approximate value of such land; however, the land provided will be convenient for the use of the
project;

 Willingness to pay for the services by the community;

 Commitment to contribute towards establishing a maintenance fund as specified by the Department.

 Identify need and make consensus with the users on the mode of sewerage facilities to conduct feasibility
survey of sewerage system to be proposed for the service area with due consideration of the existing
facilities.

 Study and recommend the types of treatment need.

 Assessment of major waste water producers, industries, hospitals, schools and colleges
Social Aspects
In general, a registered Water User Association (WUA) has to be formed in the project, this will also look after
the sewerage. It has been assumed that the already formed WUA represents the whole beneficiaries and formed
in accordance with the procedures and conditions as stipulated in the water resource act & guidance of WSSDO.
In order to form a new WUA, a general mass meeting has to be organized in the municipality concerned and
through wide participatory discussions. The community members are apprised of the project activities and their
duties and responsibilities prior to study. However, the consultant in consultation with WSSDO will validate the
process of formation of WUA and ensure that WUA represents the whole beneficiaries. However, if needed,
WUA will be reformed during the mass meeting as suggested by the majority users. During the entire period of
study, the team will work in close coordination with the WUA.

Following details will be worked out during the survey and explicitly highlighted in report

 Demographic features within the project area like total households and population, distribution of
population by gender, distribution of households and population by caste and ethnicity, occupation,
average and distribution of family income both in terms of cash and kind, etc.

 Number of households and population below poverty line;

 Present sanitary situation, at personal, household and community level, within the project area;

 Existing numbers of household and public toilets, their type and present use;

 Overall health status within the project area with particular emphasis to occurrence or prevalence of water
related diseases;
 Understanding of the project features and implementation procedures by the community;

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  Formation of Water Users Association (WUA) as per existing policy and strategy and names of WUSSA
members;

 Commitment by WUA/Users to actively participate and contribute in the project implementation as per the
project guideline, undertaking the responsibility of project operation and maintenance upon
commissioning;

 Commitment by WUA/Community to provide required land for project facilities and a value of such land
will be incorporated in project cost however, the land provided will be convenient for the use of the
project;

 Percentage of total cost and the list and approximate value of item works for which the WUA/Community
is willing to contribute.
 Commitment for deposit of upfront cash @ 1% of total estimated cost

 Willingness to pay for the proposed services by the community;

 Commitment to contribute towards establishing a maintenance fund as specified by the department;

 General attitude of users on implementation of the project and their willingness towards solving problems
that might arise during implementation;

 Track record of performance of WUA regarding previous projects in the area and O&M of the project.

 Confirmation of felt need of the project;

 Review the administrative, financial, managerial and organizational aspects of the Municipality and
WUA's in the project with regard to implementation as well as O&M of the proposed project and give
recommendations for the best management of physical components created under the project.

 Any other prominent social features that might have a marked bearing on the project.
Suggested content of Feasibility study reports
I. Salient features (Scheme-wise and overall)
II. Summary of approximate cost (Scheme-wise and total)
III. Introduction
a. Project area: location, accessibility
b. Physical environment: topography, climate, vegetation etc.
c. Socio-economic conditions: ethnic composition, gender distribution, occupation, educational and
health services, socio-economic activities etc.
d. Existing sewerage service situation: quantity, general quality, hardship
e. Existing sanitary environment: general practices and conditions regarding personal, household and
community hygiene and sanitation
f. Environmental consideration: impacts and mitigation measures
IV. Project details:
a. Proposed scheme/s: number and name of scheme/s, type of system
b. Expected sewer loads domestic, industrial and institutional
c. Waste water quality issues
d. Population coverage & Growth rate
e. Tentative cost estimates of Projects
f. Evaluation of Project alternatives
g. Availability and distances for transportation of local materials, nearest market and road head and
distances involved for importation of construction materials

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 h. Operation and maintenance issues
i. conclusion and recommendation
V. Annexes:
Annex-1 General information
Annex-2 Exiting situation of sewerage system in the project area & Municipality
Annex-3 Identified waste water sources and loads
Annex-5 Sewerage disposal points
Annex-6 Household and population survey
Annex-7 Existing public institutions in the project area
Annex-8 Household and population projection
Annex-9 Layout plan of sewerage schemes (in rough plan of all alternatives and in fair
detail of proposed plan)

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3.3 TECHNICAL APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

3.3.1 The Approach

i. General approach

The methodology to be adopted for the work will be based on the following factors:

 Stipulation of the TOR

 The Consultants and the professional’s past experiences

 Additional information collected by the Consultant from various sources

The consultant has formulated the approach to meet the project requirements outlined in the Terms of Reference
(ToR). A close coordination between the working team, Client and concerned authorities will be maintained in
order to carry out all the activities mentioned in the TOR. A multidisciplinary working team along with support
staff will carry out the proposed assignment.
Team Leader along with Consultant Proposed Project Director will coordinate the working team, and also liaison
and visit the client office for overall coordination. The proposed methodology has been outlined here in order to
identify the sequence of logical activities and to present the overview of the Consultant’s insight on the subject
matter.
This section present the Technical Approach and Methodology which the Consultant intends to follow in order to
perform the Consultant’s services comprising all Tasks in desired standard. The Consultant’s services will be in
accordance with general strategies and policies and will strictly follow the stipulate of the TOR.
ii. Project Management Approach

The Consultant will adopt the approach for carrying out the proposed job with full understanding of the
objectives and scope as described in TOR. The following general management approaches are pertinent and will
be adopted by the Consultant during the service period:

 Selection and mobilization of appropriate project personnel.

 Selection of those methods and process, which have been tested and proven to be successful and effective,

 Application of an optimal combination of the methods and technologies based on practicality, project aim,
case-specific analyses, and sound technical judgment,
 Work products of high quality with systematic procedure to meet all project objectives,

 Application of financial and management information systems at all times,

 Close contact and effective co-ordination with the Client and all concerned authorities.

 Regular briefing to the Client on the progress of the assignment and problems connected thereto.

 Clearly defined roles and responsibilities for each member of the proposed Team.

 Strict adherence to the work schedule.

 Sufficient flexibility to respond to desired changes and directions.

 Systematic procedures for quality control and Security/Confidentiality of data/ information

 Systematic monitoring of both process and performance.

 Completion of the proposed services within the stipulated time and budget.

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  No compromise to the quality and standards.

 Full use of available and applicable reports, standards, maps/drawings, specifications, and other
information for execution and completion of the proposed job in accordance with accepted professional
standards and sound engineering and economic practices.
The Consultant's first approach will be to establish a clear project management structure, including setting out of
the responsibilities of all participants and lines of communication. The Consultant will organize an internal
workshop of its project team at the commencement of the services. It is the Consultant's opinion that only by
integrating all members into one team, where all are fully aware of duties and informed of the goals of the
Project and the required component outputs from his group as well as of the overall team, the prescribed works
may be achieved with the desired quality and maintain required level of security within the time frame.

Project Team

Knowledgeable High
Professionalism

Linkage and Coordination

Project Management with
Successful
PROJECT Clients Related
Responsiveness Time & Quality Agencies
Consciousness

Logistic & Administrative Support for

Time & Quality Responsiveness

Consciousness

iii. Approach to Field Works

The field works are to be planned meticulously and implemented systematically. This requires:

 Effective coordination and liaison with the Client,

 Close coordination with and participation of stakeholders and local bodies,

 Effective coordination and close interaction between the team members,

 Good management of logistics,

 Minimization of repetition of works by good planning, effective control and timely communication,

 Preparation and use of standard workable formats for ensuring uniform data collection, for minimizing
subjective deviations, and for establishing effective and objective interpretation of the data. The formats
used will be suitable for analysis by using computer software as appropriate.
iv. Approach to Consulting Services

The Consultant looks this Project as:

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  An opportunity for capacity building and professional development and will ensure active and effective
participation of its professional staff in all activities of technical dialogues and transfer of knowledge and
skills.
 A process to explore, identify and test further improvements in the methodologies of proposed assignment
that is most suitable for our Nepalese context.

 An opportunity of effective technology transfer (Consultant will assist the project in all possible ways to
facilitate enhancement of professional standards to DWSS personnel during the course of assignment).
v. Innovative Thinking Approach

 The Consultant will encourage its team members, and other professionals/individuals to become creative in
their thinking and to use initiatives to overcome obstacles so as to progress the project smoothly. This will
be activated through the dissection of past efforts and results, so that time can be given to positive and
fresh thinking.

 Innovative thinking approach to the project plays an important role for the success of the project. The
knowledge gained from past experiences as well as in depth study of TOR, concerning documents and pre-
proposal exercises had helped the Consultant to establish the general approach towards introducing the
innovative ideas for the successful implementation of this project.
 Consultant always believes on the Innovativeness and thus tries to be innovative in their approach to the
project, which brings value to the project as well as to the Clients

 The Consultant will encourage its team members, and other professionals/ individuals to become creative
in their thinking and to use initiatives to overcome obstacles so as to progress the project smoothly. This
will be activated through the dissection of past efforts and results, so that time can be given to positive and
fresh thinking.
 This approach produces a systematic and analytical process, which seeks to achieve value for money by
providing all necessary functions at the lowest cost consistent with required levels of quality and
performance i. e., which brings value to the project as well as to the Clients.
vi. Risk Management Approach

This project supposed to implement shortly. Construction project have an abundance of risk, contractor, cope
with it and owners pay for it. Essentially, risk seems from uncertainty, which in turn is caused by lack of
information. Risk management is the process, which enables the analysis and management of the risks associated
with a project. Risk management increases the likelihood of successful completion of a project to cost, time and
performance.
Project risk analysis and management is a process designed to remove or reduce risks, which threaten the
achievement of project objectives. The process can be divided in to two parts Risk analysis and Risk
management.
Qualitative- the first and most important step is identification. Interviewing, organizing brainstorming meetings
and using personal experience can do this. Checklist will be used.
The second step is categorizing the risks into high/low probability of occurrence and major/minor impact on the
project. Initial and urgent responses are also identified secondary risks also to be identified that may arise in
mitigating on category of risk.
Quantitative- quantification is done against three project success factors cost, time and performance.
Sensitivity analysis- simplest form of Risk analysis.

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Probabilistic analysis- specifies a probability distribution for each risk and then considers the effect of risks in
combination. Sampling techniques-Monte Carlo Simulation.
Influence diagram- relatively new technique and by the use of computer a very complex risk models can be
used to analyze cost, time and economic parameters of projects.
Decision trees- graphical method that bring together the information needed to make project decisions and show
the present possible courses of action and future possible outcome.
The basic approach to risk management that Consultant will follow on the process of risk management is:

 Identify risks and uncertainties

 Analyze implications
o Individual

o Collective

 Manage to minimize the consequences

Risk reduction:
 Obtain additional information

 Perform additional test/simulations

 Allocate additional resources

 Improve communication and management of organization interfaces

 Stage development of the project

vii. Approach to respond complaints concerning the performance & the quality work

Any complaint concerning the performance of staff or quality of work will be addressed to the Project Director.
The Project Director will be in constant touch with the team leader, Project Team and Client, will promptly
respond to the complaints concerning the performance of the staff or the quality of work for the consulting
assignment and will instruct through team leader, and will immediately take necessary action. The consultant
will take sole responsibility for the performance of the staffs and quality of works, and will take immediate
remedial action if any complaints arise. The Project Director will conduct meeting with the client first regarding
their complaints and will immediately discuss within the project team to address the complaint and will provide
additional experts from the backup/supporting team or replacement of project staff or other resources according
to the need for the correction of such complaints during the whole period of services for the successful
completion of the Project in consummate professional manner. Periodical meetings of core team will be held to
sort out all the issues/complaints relating to the project implementation. A minute of meetings will be prepared
for their circulation among JV Partner and to the client.
viii. Approach to Quality Control, Quality Assurance and Quality audit

Quality of performance will be our prime objectives which will be accomplished by timely completion of
project/services and fulfillment of contractual commitments. A motivated team of professionals will be
maintained to create ideal work environment. A close co-ordination between the team partners will be
maintained to sort out issues, if any, in a timely manner. Our policy on quality delivery primarily is based upon
best practice standards and we use three instruments namely (i) In-house QA practice, (ii) External or
Independent QA, and the third (iii) Client and Stakeholder Feed Back. All the outputs / deliverables to be
submitted to the client will undergo thorough review and quality certification by Team Leader and approval by
the Project coordinator. Upon award of a project, a Quality Assurance cum Management System (QMAS) will

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be prepared which focuses on providing confidence to the client that the quality and security requirements of the
Project will be fulfilled at all levels.
Approach to quality control

Assignment of competent and well experienced staff for dedicated tasks of quality control, Application of
systematic procedures (e.g. Project Quality Plan), Effective monitoring including capability of our staff,
Establishment of system for inspection and reporting to ensure overall quality control and In case of unforeseen
problems of difficulties encountered, immediate advice on alternative courses of actions to be taken in view of
time, cost and quality implications of each alternative.
Approach to promote quality

The Project Coordinator along with Team Leader will provide Orientation/training and guidelines on “how to
manage the project to maintain the quality and progress of the work before the team mobilizes for work, progress
report will be prepared and summit to Client and to the consortium partner for information and necessary advice
to the project team member. Quarterly Progress review meeting will be organized among the client
representatives and Consultant Team, Advises obtained from the meeting will be implemented as necessary.
Approach to Motivation

The Consultant will pay particular attention to approaches that inspire confidence and a desire to produce
consistent results. All involved project authorities, individual personnel, and other organizations, have to
recognize them as an important clearly defined and integral part of the machinery. The approach of the
Consultant will be to maximize this sense of teamwork by ensuring appropriate and regular inputs from all
concerned.
Consultant’s head office support to the Project Team

The consultant’s experts on the project for the time of their activity will receive full support from the Head
Offices staff which will comprise the following:

 General administration;

 Technical back-up to the expatriate team;

 Auditing the team’s work.

The Consultant can count on the availability of an invaluable work-force for supporting any needs which may
arise during the Project. Indeed it can draw on the Know-how of multidisciplinary teams (embracing all fields)
formed of numerous graduate (University degree) and technical (at Bachelor level) personnel in the employ of
firm. This constant back-up for the project staff guarantees the required uniformity and standardization of the
product in all contracts handled by the Firms. HO (home office) administration will process expenses, control
budget, prepare integrated forecasts of future expenditure and review expenditure of the project team thereby
exercising overall project control. Normal technical back-up to the team will be through the allocation of
specialists’ time to be used in the various Head Offices. This will enhance the flexibility and speed of response to
matters arising. It will also help to ensure good co-ordination with the very extensive and experienced further
back-up resources available to the project from within the firms, will these be needed. HO will also provide the
normal back-up from the firms’ extensive library and other engineering support facilities. Therefore, throughout
the duration of the Projects the experts will have full access to technical information and expertise as provided by
firm. The Project Coordinator will intervene directly or call on of team member as and when necessary. The
Consultant envisaged that the Project Coordinator will fulfill an auditing function comprising:

 Review of methods and procedures utilize by the team;

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  Check to ascertain that these methods and procedures are being carried out.

 Formal reviews as required by the firms’ quality assurance system on all formal procedures; and

 Informal reviews on notes of important meetings, working papers or other documents which will allow the
Project Coordinator to follow the project development, and any difficulties encountered.
ix. Approach to Value Engineering Practice

The consultant will provide quality outputs to the client using a low cost approach. Where applicable during the
assignment, the Consultant will apply the established practices of value engineering. The approach results in
most optimal value for the money invested which is the prime concern of the Client and donor agencies.
This will be possible through the adoption of the following measures.

 Focused on realistic requirement analysis to provide appropriate solutions

 System will have scope to adopt the continuous change and advancement of technology in future

 Selection of low maintenance and rehabilitation cost system

 Maximum utilization of local resources and knowledge

 Simplification of operational system to operate by low level expertise

x. Approach to the Services

In order to achieve various requirements of TOR, the approach has been conceived and developed to fulfill the
objective and scope of consultants’ service. The Consultant firmly believes that the approach presented herein
reflects the commitments for providing high quality services for the successful implementation of the project in
time bound manner.
The Feasibility Study will be a comprehensive study and analysis of the contemplated project. This study will be
carried out in order to determine technical, economic, financial, environmental, social, institutional, and
operational feasibility of the project alternatives. To achieve the objectives of the study the consultant will carry
out all phases of the study and activities therein in a standard manner. The data upon which the investigation /
study to be based will be of such details and quality as will assure the ability of the project to produce at least the
values estimated and so that it can be constructed, operated and maintained at no more than the estimated costs
and within the acceptable limits of environmental guideline.
The consultant will use his experience of the similar studies in the preparation of the proposed study. The long
experience and capability of the in-house expertise for this multi disciplinary project is expected to complete the
feasibility study in a timely manner and to the required standards and depth as required by DWSS.
The approach to the study will follow
 Standard guidelines will be followed

 Population projections will normally take into account the Municipality growth rate, site specific growth
rates/of similar nature site may be used if it is validated by household survey;

 Scheme layout plan (not to scale) will be drawn on A4 size paper separately for each scheme;

 Standard formats will be used for the annexes, It will contain the following documents:
o Waste Water sample analysis report

o Name of users association members

o Name and persons contacted during survey

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 o Signed letters provided by WUSSC and Municipality’s responsible authority

The approaches to the services presented herein are based on the following considerations:
 After signing the contract agreement, the consultant will consolidate Team,

 Manage all logistic for team, The team will move towards the assignment tasks

 The Consultant team will maintain coordination with client regularly and interact with stakeholders
regarding proposed project assignment, collect relevant data and documents from various sources and
review all reports and data.
 Overall project planning
o Generally, project area or schemes included in a project will be confined within one watershed
area this will not limit the scope of work to cover the entire municipality area.
o Overall planning of the project components will be carried out by the Team-leader;

o Standard methods will be adopted in sample collection and transportation of samples to

laboratory for waste water quality analysis. Quality test will be conducted in the accredited
laboratory.
 Surveying
o Usually levelling by Abney level will be sufficient. For sensitive cases of level difference less
than 10 m between the source and reservoir site fly leveling might be required. The established
bench marks will be clearly mentioned in the reports. Transmission and distribution routes will
be marked by arrows painted preferably by using red enamel paint
 Demographic Features
o Municipality census data will be used. These data will be crosschecked through household
surveys on at least 20 percent of the total households.
o If Municipality census data are not available or are felt/ found to substantially deviated from
the observed features households count survey on at least 40 percent of the total households
might be required.

 Users' commitment
o A mass meeting of beneficiaries will be organized. Project features/ implementation
modalities/pre requisites and requirements to be fulfilled by community, O & M issues, etc.
will be briefed to the community by the consultant engineer. Quick Reference Tools (QRT) for
component costing developed by the department will be used for arriving at approximate
project cost. In case of sewerage consultant has to develop and get approved such QRT from
the DWSS.
o Comments from beneficiaries in listed aspects will be encouraged and noted; women and
weaker segments will be prompted to express their views.
o A Users Association will be formed on consensus or through democratic selection process by
the beneficiaries if not formed earlier.
o The Users Association will provide signed letters of commitment/s on acquiring required
community contribution, land facilities, responsibility of O&M, establishment of a

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 maintenance fund, construction of household toilets, nomination of VMW/s, sanitation
motivator/s, etc.
Fig-D1: Approach to the service

Proposed Project Existing Reports C

O C
Well-organized and O L
sound Team of the R I
Consultant D E
R
I N
E
N T
V
I TI
E I O
N N
W
T
E
R
Review of the Project
A
Area
C
&
T
Previous report
I
O
M N
O
B PL
I A Stakeholders
L NI
I N
Z G List out Format and Identification of Tasks of
E W questionnaires for Proposed work
O Technical,
T R Environmental and
E Economical Assessment
K
A
M S

Carry out “Feasibility Study

xi. Engineering Design Approach

The approach to the design will be for the effective and optimum utilization of the available technical know-how
by developing a process or method, which can be easily followed and replicated. The design procedures and
techniques will be simple and easy without having too much elaboration in the design reports both to save time
and adopting a more objective approach for the implementation process.
Demand Driven Participatory Approach: The Consultant understands the importance of beneficiary participation
in all stages of development and implementation of the sub-projects. Therefore, the Consultant will pay
particular attention to issues concerning adequate participation or representation of gender, ethnic and caste
groups. Also, participation of dalits, disadvantaged and economically poor segment of the population will be
seen so that the project benefits will accrue to all sections of the communities.
Holistic Approach: Sustainability of any initiatives is a function of environmental, social, economic, and
emotional factors. Most of the projects in the past failed to recognize the importance of local environmental
concerns, local needs, their socio-economic status, and potential capacity to get involved in implementation and
management of the development initiatives. With this in mind, the Consultant will give emphasis to a holistic
approach in project management and will carry out its specific responsibilities in conformity with the response of

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 community, the Client, project staffs, rules and regulations of the DWSS and other pertinent guidelines and
frameworks including the situational requirement.
Methodology for assignment is developed by dividing the works into four phase and Tasks as per ToR with
various task series and activities; In brief it is presented herein in Figure: Services flow diagram. The individual
items of work required for above major components are identified and explained subsequently in the section
under methodology. These will be modified and refined during the inception stage after interaction with clients.
Figure: D2 Services flow diagram for Feasibility Study
Preparati
Review approach,
Data/Information on of
methodology, Work plan
Inception Phase Collection from DWSS Desk study inception
and staffing schedule
report

Submission of Inception
Incorporating Comments Presentation of
and Suggestion Inception report
Checklist
and formats
Comments and Submission of
Suggestion By client Inception Report
Approval
Inception
Project area Information
Community
consultation
Field Appraisal Phase Field
Field survey
survey && & Data
Data Gap Analysis Field visit by expert team Investigation
Investigation collection

Water sample Environmental & Socio-economic survey

Present sanitary situation

Users Association formation & wiliness survey Other Engineering Studies & Investigation

Conceptual Planning of
Feasibility Study Phase Findings of Field study Waste Water Management
Data processing Projects

Preparation of
Feasibility level Planning & Design of Waste
Design Drawings Water Management Projects Interaction with client

Tentative cost estimates of

Projects

Financial Evaluation of Project

Interaction with client
Analysis alternatives

Finalization of investment
Plan

Compilation of draft
Reporting Phase Compilation of data
Prepare Draft Report Final Report
Information

Prepare Final Report

Submission of Final Presentation
Presentation of
of
Incorporating Comments
Report Draft report
and suggestion by DWSS

Presentation of Comments
Comments and
and Submission of draft
Final
Final report
report at
at Approval Suggestion Page 27 of 49
final Report
DWSS
3.3.2 THE METHODOLOGY
In order to fulfill the objectives and scope of works, the Methodology for assignment is developed by dividing
the works into four phases and Task series; Major components are defined in terms of Task, Each Task has been
broken down into various relevant activities within them. The individual items of work required for services are
identified and explained subsequently in this section. These will be modified and refined during the inception
phase after interaction with DWSS officials
I. INCEPTION
II. FIELD APPRAISAL
III. FEASIBILITY STUDY
IV. REPORTING
PHASE –I: INCEPTION
The Consultant will collect all the relevant documents and Secondary data/information about project area
including prevailing Act and Regulations, Norms and Standards, Code of Practice etc. and other related
documents. Consultant will consult with DWSS to collect the previous relevant report if any.
Consultant will review the documents in details and summarize the findings of the review work. Based on this
information field survey tools such as field observation protocol, questionnaire, and checklists will be prepared
for field visit. Prior to Field Visit Desk Study will be done on Previous Study reports, maps, aerial photographs
and other relevant documents.
During this task the DWSS will provide the available information, previous study reports and required
legislations to the consultant. However, consultants will collect relevant information from concerned agencies.
The outcome of this task will be presented in the form of Inception Report.
The Inception Report will summarize the results of the review of existing data/ reports, discuss the key
data/information gaps requiring additional field work/investigation and data collection and verification, and
describe the approach the Consultant intends to follow in carrying out various activities to complete the
assignment. The Inception Report will also include the updated methodology and work plan for the ongoing
studies, detailed schedule for each task, detailed field investigation plan, manning schedule of each personnel for
effective mobilization.
In the Inception Report, all collected information/data of the project will be subjected to critical scrutiny in order
to establish a realistic understanding of the real field situation, data gap and additional scope of work to be
included in this study
Resources and software to be used in this phase: All office facilities including computer, Printer, Plotter etc,
Ms Word, Ms Excel, Ms Project-2000, Auto CAD-2007, ARC GIS 8.3 or 9.2, Vehicle facility, Compass,
Measuring tape, Digital Camera, GPS for field visit
Methodology to be utilized - Team members discussion, Interaction with clients, Informal interaction and
consultation with experts and stakeholders, Review of literature, Orientation Training to field Staffs, Collection
of Secondary data..
Deliverable and Outputs - Inception Report, Project information and relevant area information, Comparison
Fixation of all alternate site and Checklist and Format for Field work.

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In this phase followings task will perform
Task -1: Mobilization
Activity 1: Office setup

 Study Team Formation

 Preparation of Work Plan

 Allocation of office spaces and logistics

Brief Description: After signing of the agreement, consultant will arrange full setup for assign expert to provide
comfortable working environment and arrange support staff along with orientation training for smooth execution
of the project.

Output Expected: Well-equipped office setup and support staff arrangement for whole project span for
successful completion of the assignment.
Activity-2: Orientation and Briefing to the consultant’s team by the Client

Brief Description: Prior to starting work, the team leader will consult with DWSS officials to get pertinent
information about the project so that Consultant could plan for conducting surveys, investigations, and social,
environmental and designs accordingly. This is necessary to provide identical understanding of the works and
will minimize any differences of opinion that may arise during the working period in the design and construction
phase. All data, reports or maps related to the present area carried out earlier will be collected.

Output Expected: Consultant will have all information about the project to carry out survey and investigation
work in a professional manner.
Task 2: Desk Study

 Collection of previous feasibility study report and review for optimization

 Collection of pertinent data/information and review of secondary sources of information

 Review and analyze all available information, data, documents, policies, guidelines, standards for
wastewater effluents, environmental legislations of Nepal and other relevant documents
 Informal interaction and consultation with experts and stakeholders

 Collection of secondary sources of data for Socio-economic, Environment, Geology

 Preparation of project information

 Preparation of relevant influences district information

 Comparison of different options (if appropriate)

 Fixation of all alternate

Brief Description: A team consisting of team leader, Waste Water Expert, environmental specialist, and social
development expert will carry out desk study. Each specialist will collect all the necessary information regarding
the project, which might influence the project. The relevant maps such as topographic maps (1:5, 0000),
geological map, land use map of the project area will be collected and studied. The previous study report wills
studies for alternatives and mark on the maps.
Output Expected: Information for identification of project requirement.
Task 3: Preparation for Field visit

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Brief Description: Preparation for field visit, which includes but not limited to

 Preparation of Necessary Documents for physical verification

 Preparation for site assessment

 Preparation of Checklist and Format for Field work

 Formation of Support team for field work

 Orientation Training to field Staffs

 Pretest of Questionnaire if applicable

Output Expected: Management of Staff and Resource for filed visit and all the required documents for field
work, which will minimize the repetition of work
Task 4: Inception Report
The Inception Report will be based principally on:

 Previous study reports, legislations, maps, data etc.

 Review and analyze available information and identify data gaps and recommend the further
investigation required.
 Prepare and review the following plans and schedules in consultation with DWSS
o Approach and methodology, work plan for field investigations

o A control and monitoring system for the field work

o Detailed schedules for each task/ discipline

o Detailed manning schedule for field and office works.

Activity 1: Preparation and Submission of inception report

Brief Description: Inception report will be prepared including revision of methodology, findings of desk study
and optimization of work schedule along with mining schedule based on project requirements. Inception report
along with presentation slide will be submitted.
Output Expected: Inception report along with presentation slide.
Activity 2: Approval of Inception report by DWSS:
Brief Description: beside the comments and suggestion received during presentation, formal comments and
suggestion from the client will be collected and updated Inspection report incorporating all the comments will
submitted to DWSS for approval and further work possession.
Output Expected: Approval of Methodology and Work plan
PHASE –II: FIELD APPRAISAL
In field appraisal, public consultation, Interaction with stakeholders and concerned officials will be accomplished
along with the walk over survey by using observation survey, to gather all necessary primary and secondary
information. Hydrological, Geological and geotechnical and Investigation, Socio economic study, Environmental
Baseline along will be done. During reconnaissance study the consultant will visit the whole project area covered
by all project components. GPS positioning and photographic survey of the site. If any deviation will occur in the
previously fixed site will be marked on Map at site. Physical verification for Geological, Hydrological aspect
will also made along with collection of waste water sample, and development of other infrastructure

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development possibilities; socio- economical prospective and other specials requirements will be studied.
Community level workshop will organize to gather information and share the knowledge.
A mass meeting of beneficiaries will be organized. Project features/ implementation modalities/pre requisites and
requirements to be fulfilled by community, O & M issues, etc. will be briefed to the community by the consultant
engineer. Quick Reference Tools (QRT) for component costing developed by the department will be used for
arriving at approximate project cost. In case of sewerage consultant has to develop and get approved such QRT
from the DWSS.
Comments from beneficiaries in listed aspects will be encouraged and noted; women and weaker segments will
be prompted to express their views.
A Users Association will be formed on consensus or through democratic selection process by the beneficiaries if
not formed earlier. The Users Association will provide signed letters of commitment/s on acquiring required
community contribution, land facilities, responsibility of O&M, establishment of a maintenance fund,
construction of household toilets, nomination of VMW/s, sanitation motivator/s, etc.
Resources and software to be used in this phase: Vehicle facility, Compass, Measuring tape, Digital Camera,
GPS, standard forms and Formats, water sample collection vessel, equipment etc.
Methodology to be utilized - Meeting and Participatory and non participatory Observation, Walk over survey and
Visual inspection for geological & geomorphologic stability, Environmental Study, GPS Survey of site,
Photographic Records, and reconnaissance survey, Inventory survey as per checklist and Condition Survey,
Collection of Secondary data at District level and workshop at community level.
Deliverable and Outputs – Fixation of alternative. Generation of Field data and its alternative, identify the type,
extent and sources of waste water with their geo-positioning, Existing Structure and natural feature within the
vicinity and sub surface geology, Identification of construction materials on sites and potential quarry sites
including haulage distance, land use and plant availability, biodiversity. This will generate all the primary data
needs for the proposed assignment.
In this phase followings task will perform
Task 1: Preliminary Field Visit and Public Consultation, Interaction with stakeholder and officials
Brief Description: The Team Leader along with Water Supply and Sanitation Engineer, Monitoring,
Sociologist/GESI specialist will visit the site to get the first hand information of proposed lake and prepare
practical work plan to execute the work. All the necessary documents, checklist and format to collect the data
information during filed visit will prepared. Additional support staff will provided by the consultant as
backstopping to assist the proposed Team of expert. Public consultation, Interaction with stakeholders and
concerned officials will be accomplished along with the walk over survey by using observation survey, to gather
all necessary primary and secondary information.
o Carry out field observation and walk over survey

o Interaction with the stake holders and Local People

Output Expected: Existing site Condition, identify the type, extent and sources of the waste water with their
geo-positioning, access the possibilities for alternative, local people interest, volume of work to be carried out by
the consultant.
Task 2: Field Survey and Investigation work
Immediately after the review and approval of the inception report by the Employer, the field team will visit the
project site to carry out the detail field survey and investigations. The team leader and all the experts as proposed
in the project team for site visit will go to the site in one group.

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The methodology adopted for conducting feasibility study will be based on wide community participatory
approach. Prior to visit to the project area, project related documents (e.g. maps, earlier project
reports/documents, appraisal reports etc.) will be reviewed. Possibilities of various alternatives for feasibility
study will be investigated and incorporated during feasibility survey.
Information will be collected through household surveys, focus group discussions and interviews with key
informants. The feasibility study report will strictly follow the departmental design guidelines and GON
directives for project selection, implementation and operation and maintenance. Consultant will collect and
review all available secondary data and reports and identify requirements of surveys, studies and investigations.
The work includes
 Usually leveling by Abney level will be sufficient. For sensitive cases of level difference less than 10 m
between the source and reservoir site fly levelling might be required. The established bench marks
should be clearly mentioned in the reports. Transmission and distribution routes should be marked by
arrows painted preferably by using red enamel paint
 Preliminary layout should be prepared in A4 paper size.
 Municipality census data will be used. These data will be crosschecked through household surveys on at
least 20 percent of the total households.
 If Municipality census data are not available or are felt/ found to substantially deviated from the
observed features households count survey on at least 40 percent of the total households might be
required.
 A mass meeting of beneficiaries will be organized. Project features/ implementation modalities/pre
requisites and requirements to be fulfilled by community, O & M issues, etc. will be briefed to the
community by the consultant engineer. Quick Reference Tools (QRT) for component costing developed
by the department will be used for arriving at approximate project cost. In case of sewerage consultant
has to develop and get approved such QRT from the DWSS.
 Comments from beneficiaries in listed aspects will be encouraged and noted; women and weaker
segments will be prompted to express their views.
 A Users Association will be formed on consensus or through democratic selection process by the
beneficiaries if not formed earlier.
 The Users Association will provide signed letters of commitment/s on acquiring required community
contribution, land facilities, responsibility of O&M, establishment of a maintenance fund, construction
of household toilets, nomination of VMW/s, sanitation motivator/s, etc.
Beside above work, the field survey will consist of:
 Site inventory survey

 Finalization of the sites for relevant intervention required and their configurations for the design work;

 Geological/geotechnical, hydrological survey and investigations;

 Socio-economic survey;

 Workshop at community Level;

 Collection of local labor wages, transportation rates and current price of construction materials etc.
Task -3: Socio-Economic Survey

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Conduct focus group discussion and key informant interview to validate the socio-economic data sheet of the
study area including social maps using appropriate techniques and provide results regarding social, economic,
health and sanitation status of the community, especially focusing on the likely improvement in health status of
the citizens; likely impact of health and hygiene education program to be implemented during the project;
willingness to pay for services.
In general, a registered Water User Association (WUA) has to be formed in the project; this will also look after
the sewerage. It has been assumed that the already formed WUA represents the whole beneficiaries and formed
in accordance with the procedures and conditions as stipulated in the water resource act & Water supply
regulation. In order to form a new WUA, a general mass meeting has to be organized in the municipality
concerned and through wide participatory discussions. The community members are apprised of the project
activities and their duties and responsibilities prior to study. However, the consultant in consultation with
WSSDO will validate the process of formation of WUA and ensure that WUA represents the whole
beneficiaries. However, if needed, WUA will be reformed during the mass meeting as suggested by the majority
users. During the entire period of study, the team will work in close coordination with the WUA.
Following details will be worked out during the survey and explicitly highlighted in report

 Demographic features within the project area like total households and population, distribution of
population by gender, distribution of households and population by caste and ethnicity, occupation,
average and distribution of family income both in terms of cash and kind, etc.

 Number of households and population below poverty line;

 Present sanitary situation, at personal, household and community level, within the project area;

 Existing numbers of household and public toilets, their type and present use;

 Overall health status within the project area with particular emphasis to occurrence or prevalence of
water related diseases;
 Understanding of the project features and implementation procedures by the community;

 Formation of Water Users Association (WUA) as per existing policy and strategy and names of WUSSA
members;

 Commitment by WUA/Users to actively participate and contribute in the project implementation as per
the project guideline and co-financing concept , undertaking the responsibility of project operation and
maintenance upon commissioning;

 Commitment by WUA/Community to provide required land for project facilities and a value of such
land will be incorporated in project cost however, the land provided should be convenient for the use of
the project;

 Percentage of total cost and the list and approximate value of item works for which the
WUA/Community is willing to contribute.
 Commitment for deposit of upfront cash @ 1% of total estimated cost

 Willingness to pay for the proposed services by the community;

 Commitment to contribute towards establishing a maintenance fund as specified by the department;

 General attitude of users on implementation of the project and their willingness towards solving
problems that might arise during implementation;

 Track record of performance of WUA regarding previous projects in the area and O&M of the project.

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  Confirmation of felt need of the project;

 Review the administrative, financial, managerial and organizational aspects of the Municipality and
WUA's in the project with regard to implementation as well as O&M of the proposed project and give
recommendations for the best management of physical components created under the project.
 Any other prominent social features that might have a marked bearing on the project.
Task -4: Water/ Sewerage Quality Study
The Consultant will also assess the water / Sewerage quality. The analysis will include, amongst other factors,
water temperature, dissolved oxygen, B.O.D, C.O.D, turbidity, sediment concentration, mineralogical
characteristics of sediment, water chemistry (pH, nitrate, etc.) and nutrient status. Consultant will collect total 3
samples in each lake for water quality study at the time of field investigation.
Sample of water from the source will be taken for its laboratory test in order to determine physical, chemical and
biological properties of the water through laboratory tests.
Standard methods will be adopted in sample collection and transportation of samples to laboratory for waste
water quality analysis. Quality test will be conducted in the accredited laboratory.
Task -5: Geological, Geotechnical, and Construction Material Investigations
The basic aim of the geological/geotechnical investigation is to identify the existing advantages as well as
adverse geological conditions affecting the location and design of the various components of the scheme. The
visual surface geological/geotechnical survey and investigations will be carried out. Geotechnical stability of
slopes will be assessed and checked for existing and potential landslides. An assessment of ground water
conditions will also be made if applicable.
The Consultant will carry out geological and geo-technical studies necessary for preliminary design point of
view at feasibility level of the project components. Beforehand, Consultant will review all the reports and
findings from the previous study report.
PHASE –III: FEASIBILITY STUDY
The Consultant will carry out in depth analysis to finalize the type, extent and sources, possible and most
appropriate mitigation measure to preserve the natural Environment, feasibility level Design & drawings,
Quantity estimates, Preparation of construction methodology, Preparation of EMAP, Prepare Pragmatic schedule
for implementation of sub projects, Prepare preliminary rate analysis, Project cost estimates, Financial Analysis,
Preparation of Feasibility study Report, Finalization of investment Plan, Interaction with client.
Consultant will consult Sewerage Development & Management Section (SDMS) of DWSS and concerned
WSSDO and present the inception report to disseminate the approach, methodology of study, options considered
and their pros and cons, key findings and recommendations thoroughly in an easy understandable manner.
Consultant will obtain their concurrence while proceeding project study. After approval of preliminary concept
designs, consultant will prepare the study report to ensure clarity and understanding by the SDMS/WSSDO and
other relevant stakeholders. All the necessary calculations will be prepared to determine and justify the
engineering solution proposed for the project/ component, and to be incorporated into the study reports.
Consultant will also assess and recommend the appropriate issues such as the financial analysis of the project,
cost recovery, operation & maintenance, proportion of the poor in the proposed service area, and the WUA cash
flow, in close coordination with WUA, WSSDO for the sustainability of the project.
The feasibility study report will be fairly detailed to the extent that it provides on the following technical aspects;

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  Existing sanitary sewerage services in the Municipality related to the project (cross checked through
NMIP data);

 Sewerage Projects either new or being implemented for interference or supplement such as rehabilitation
or up gradation or extension to existing system/s within the project area;
 Detailed information on population, institutions, sewerage loads within the project area;

 Coverage data on households, population and institutions in terms of additional coverage or

reinstatement of service;

 Information on relative level differences between key points distribution area, sewerage treatment plant,
pump house, disposal land etc
 Roughly the length of transmission and distribution pipe alignment of sewerage project;

 Layout of the proposed project showing relative positions of sewerage structures, prominent landmarks
and community dwellings, provided bench marks etc.

 Availability and distances for transportation of local materials, the nearest market and road head and
distances involved for importation of materials;
 Major environmental consequences likely to occur due to construction of the project;

 Assessment of land acquisition and compensation issues.

 Suggest system for operation and maintenance including manpower and annual cost.

 Commitment by users and municipality to actively participate and contribute in the project
implementation and undertaking the responsibility of project operation and maintenance upon
commissioning;
 Commitment by community to provide required land for project facilities ( preferably free of cost) and
define approximate value of such land; however, the land provided should be convenient for the use of
the project;
 Willingness to pay for the services by the community;

 Commitment to contribute towards establishing a maintenance fund as specified by the Department.

 Identify need and make consensus with the users on the mode of sewerage facilities to conduct
feasibility survey of sewerage system to be proposed for the service area with due consideration of the
existing facilities.
 Study and recommend the types of treatment need.

 Assessment of major waste water producers, industries, hospitals, schools and colleges
Resources and software to be used in this phase: All office facilities, Ms Word, Ms Excel and spread sheet,
Auto CAD-2007, HECRAS, Soft well, ORDM, GIS, SPSS, Google Earth, Projector, Vehicle facility, Compass,
Measuring tape, Digital Camera, GPS etc
Methodology to be utilized – Meeting, Team discussion, Meeting with stakeholder, Spreadsheet and Word Doc,
As per code and guidelines, Use of Design software for different work
Deliverable and Outputs –Feasibility Study Report
In this phase following task will carried out
Task -1: Data Processing, Analysis and Interpretation

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All the field data collected by the survey team will be processed and Maps will prepared showing the geo-
positing, location of Hazard, etc using GIS
Task 2: Overall project planning and Alternative study
The Consultant will provide two or more technological options or design concept of the project so as to
maximize the benefits. Finalize the conceptual design by identifying alternative layouts and selecting the best
layout of the project. The design of the each component will be based on outcome of field investigation results
and considering best engineering design and standards. Identify the most appropriate technology.
Generally, project area or schemes included in a project will be confined within one watershed area this should
not limit the scope of work to cover the entire municipality area. Overall planning of the project components will
be carried out by the Team-leader;
Task 3: Prepare a conceptual Sewerage Layout plan
Based on the review and analysis of previous study, recent field investigations, Feasibility level design of project
components. The optimization of the facility will include determining the optimum size in conjunction with the
economic evaluation and the findings of the environmental study taking into account the optimal capacity,
transportation constraint and manufacturing capability.
Task 4: M&E framework along with environmental management plan (EMP)
Review and analyze all the data and prepare conceptual plan for multi-year interventions for managing pollution
together with M&E framework along with environmental management plan (EMP).
Task 5: Social Aspect and Develop GESI Plan
Develop GESI Plan for active involvement of women as equal partners in all decision making processes in the
study project and as prime beneficiaries of the project activities.
A general mass meeting will be held in the VDCs or municipality concerned and through wide participatory
discussions the community members are appraised of the project activities. During the study period, the team
will work and explicitly highlighted the following details in the report:
 Demographic features within the project area like total households and population, distribution of
population by gender, distribution of households and population by caste and ethnicity, occupation,
average and distribution of family income both in terms of cash and kind, etc.
 Number of households and population below poverty line;
 Present sanitary situation, at personal, household and community level, within the project area;
 Existing numbers of household and public toilets, their type and present use;
 Overall health status within the project area with particular emphasis to occurrence or prevalence of
water related diseases;
 Understanding of the project features and implementation procedures by the community;
 Formation of Water Users Association (WUA) as per existing policy and strategy and names of WUSSA
members;
 Commitment by WUA/Users to actively participate and contribute in the project implementation as per
the project guideline and co-financing concept , undertaking the responsibility of project operation and
maintenance upon commissioning;

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  Commitment by WUA/Community to provide required land for project facilities and a value of such
land will be incorporated in project cost however, the land provided should be convenient for the use of
the project;
 Percentage of total cost and the list and approximate value of item works for which the
WUA/Community is willing to contribute.
 Commitment for deposit of upfront cash @ 1% of total estimated cost
 Willingness to pay for the proposed services by the community;
 Commitment to contribute towards establishing a maintenance fund as specified by the department;
 Any other prominent social features that might have a bearing on the study
Task 6: Feasibility level Design Drawings
Feasibility level drawings will be prepared for each of the following components using computer software: The
primary objective of this task is to prepare Feasibility level design and drawings of the project configuration
option finalized in the feasibility study.
o Design Criteria

For every component of the project the Consultant will formulate, prior to feasibility level designing, the design
criteria on which a design will be developed. It will establish the design and functional criteria, and prepare the
layout and design concepts of all project facilities/ components; state the assumptions, parameters, and standards
applied, loading conditions, factors of safety, allowable stresses, stability criteria, and all other factors which are
necessary to fully carry out the design. The design criteria will describe in sufficient detail methodologies and
analysis methods, data base and international standards or codes and prudent practices employed.
The design criteria will be submitted to DWSS for review, comments and approval and will not be modified
unilaterally after it has been approved.
o Drawings

The Feasibility level drawings will be in sufficient detail so that the further detailed design can proceed in DPR
stage and place a bid for construction.

Task 7: Preliminary Quantity Estimate and Cost Estimates

The quantity and cost estimate will be prepared for the entire project. The Consultant will prepare preliminary
quantity estimate based on design for the purpose of cost estimate and preparation of Bill of Quantities (BOO).
The estimates will be suitable for presenting to international/national financing agencies for funding
For Civil works, the unit cost for each individual item will be composed of labor and staff costs, construction
materials, plant and equipment costs, fuel and lubrication, transport, electrical power. Customs duties, taxes,
fees, royalties, and levies due in Nepal will be presented separately.
The Consultant will add an appropriate sum as Price and Physical Contingency to allow for potential physical or
design conditions requiring additional funding for the execution of the project of this nature and for unforeseen
conditions.
Task 8: Economic and Financial Analysis of the Project
The Consultants will analyze the financial viability and suggest the financing structuring of the project. Analyze
the economic viability of the project. Identify all economic costs and benefits with sensitivity analyses and
evaluate economic internal rates of return.

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Evaluate- and analyze the financial viability of the project. Identify all risks for revenues and costs with
sensitivity analyses, and evaluate financial internal rates of return. Include risk mitigation and risk transfer plans
as necessary.
Analyze the alternative possibilities of promoting the project, ranging from the public sector development to the
public and private partnership approach. Simulate and evaluate optimal financial structuring and modeling in
terms of profits, costs, and risks through all measures such as equity, loans, or an insurance (guarantee)
mechanism from private investors arid lenders, export credit agencies, multilateral development banks, and
bilateral donors.
Project economics is the evaluation of alternative investment choices in terms of the country’s overall
development objectives. It ensures that the country’s scarce resources are put to their highest feasible use. In the
case of a power project, it is imperative that the project will produce power and energy to satisfy prevailing
demand at a cost lower than that from any other possible alternative.
In an economic analysis, all costs and benefits are defined in terms of the opportunity forgone because the
resources required of the project cannot be used in the best available alternative investment. Hence, an economic
analysis is concerned with broader social impacts of the project. In this way, economic analysis attempts to
separate the benefit potential of the project from the decision of how it will be financed. The project must
contribute to the development of the total economy and justify using the scarce national resources it will need.
Financial analysis concerns itself with the amount and timing of actual cash flows. These analyses uses actual
costs and actual risk-adjusted discount rates to value cost and benefits, and include taxes, transfers, import and
export duties or subsidies, and government assistance. The general approach for carrying out the economic and
financial analysis follows the conventional practice where benefits and cost streams are first estimated on a
common basis. For a project to be feasible and viable, the benefits will be more than the costs.
In the economic analysis, project costs and benefits are compared using discounting measures of project worth.
In general, three important economic indicators used in the analysis are:
 The Net Present Value (NPV) is the present value of the incremental net benefit stream, that is, the sum
of the discounted flow of project benefits net of project costs. A positive NPV indicates that the project
generates benefits in excess of those required by the discount rate. A project with a positive NPV is,
therefore, considered economic.

 The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is the discount rate which makes the NPV of the incremental net
benefit stream equal to zero, that is, the discount rate at which the discounted benefits equal the
discounted costs. The IRR indicates the economic profitability of the investment project. If the IRR is
less than the discount rate, which has been used, the project is thought to be uneconomic as the
discounted benefits do not outweigh the discounted costs.

 The Benefit-Cost Ratio (B-C Ratio) is the ratio of the present value of the benefit stream to the present
value of the cost stream. The B-C Ratio indicates the extent to which the discounted stream of benefits
exceeds the discounted stream of costs. A ratio greater than one indicates that benefits exceed costs,
while a ratio that is less than one indicates that costs exceed benefits.
Besides, levelized profit or cost annuity method will also be applied to check the economic viability of the
project. Specific energy cost will be calculated for all cases. Sensitivity analyses will be carried out to determine
the effect of change in various components like project cost, revenue and construction period etc.
In financial analysis, financial cost of the project will be determined considering mode of financing, interest
during construction for loan/debt portions, escalation in real terms, currency exchange rates, import duties, value
added taxes, royalties and any other factor that will incur the expenditure. Income from the project will be in the
form of revenue generation depending on the sale of electricity and the applied tariff rate. Debt service and
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dividend provisions will be explicitly considered and financial statements will be prepared. The project will be
considered financially viable if the revenue generation from the project is more than the expenditure incurred
during the project life. Return on investment or equity and debt service ratio will be calculated to test the
viability of the project.
Task 9: Analysis of Institutional Arrangement for Project Implementation
The Consultant will make an assessment of the institutional arrangement required for implementation of physical
project of this magnitude in line with the requirement identified. In doing so, the consultant will analyze
critically alternative institutional setups to smoothly carryout the implementation of the project. In the proposed
optimal institutional setup, the consultant will propose organizational structure clearly defining the role of each
position and responsibility and chain of command linking the entire organizational hierarchy. The consultant will
also clearly identify the requirement of resources including but not limited to capacity building measures
(Training, workshop etc) , physical infrastructures, requirements of software, equipment etc.
PHASE –IV: REPORTING
After finalization of design drawings, Cost estimates, a consultation meeting with DWSS official will be made to
prepare the Investment Plan. After finalization of Investment Plan, construction methodology will be defined and
Prepare Feasibility study report with full documentation on the actual design including all design principle
criteria, parameters and standards to which the project has been designed; all major calculations and analysis
including all the drawings are to be handed over to DWSS.
Resources and software to be used in this phase: All office facilities, Ms Word, Ms Excel and spread sheet, Auto
CAD-2007, HECRAS, Soft well, ORDM, GIS, SPSS
Methodology to be utilized – Meeting, Team discussion, Meeting with stakeholder, Spreadsheet and Word Doc,
As per IS code and guidelines, Use of Design software for different work
Deliverable and Outputs – Draft and Final Report, Presentation of Report
Task -1: Compilation and submission of draft FSR
The report include the complete FSR of the projects including preliminary design, drawings, quantity and cost
estimates, construction planning, economic and financial analysis and other details as mentioned in the scope of
work
The feasibility study will produce the various alternatives of the projects with comparative evaluation matrix for
the alternative WWMPs, and recommend the most suitable project, on the basis of the following indicators:
Technical feasibility: The proposed projects must be assessed for engineering soundness. Further, it needs to
consider the availability of lands and its accessibility, availability of local skilled/unskilled labors, raw materials,
appropriate technology etc. For the different alternative sewerage schemes, the Consultant will prepare estimates
of capital and operating and maintenance costs of with a degree of accuracy of plus/minus 20%. For the selected
schemes, the Consultant will prepare estimates that are more detailed with a degree of accuracy of plus/minus
10%.For the selected scheme, the capital cost estimates will be made for the different system components - viz.,
collection, conveyance, pumping stations, treatment plants, main pipes, disposal landsite.
Economic feasibility: The consultant will analyze the benefits that will accrue from a particular project over a
period of 30 years and the cost/investment that needs to be made to implement such project through the
indicators such as EIRR, Benefit-Cost ratio and others.
Social feasibility: The proposed project will benefit the community lagging behind in the society especially
children, women, physically unable people, marginalized people etc. It will discourage the displacement and
resettlement issues, but if unavoidable will recommend the socially acceptable measures.

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Environmental feasibility: The proposed project will address environmental and disaster risk issues to analyze
for likely negative impacts to assess the viable mitigating measures.
Financial feasibility: It involves the analysis and calculations like Financial Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and
Net Present Value (NPV). Further, the consultant will carry out relevant financial analysis deemed necessary for
sewerage projects. Financial analysis will also cover institutional financial capacity, possible contribution by
municipality and community etc. as an integral part of the study.
Institutional feasibility: The proposed projects will be analyzed for role and responsibility of WUSC,
municipality, stakeholders and agencies directly or indirectly involved in the development process and
activities .This will include an assessment of the municipality’s and users committee’s human resources and their
capacity building needs.
Proposed content of Feasibility study reports
i. Salient features (Scheme-wise and overall)
ii. Summary of approximate cost (Scheme-wise and total)
iii. Introduction
a) Project area: location, accessibility
b) Physical environment: topography, climate, vegetation etc.
c) Socio-economic conditions: ethnic composition, gender distribution, occupation, educational and
health services, socio-economic activities etc.
d) Existing sewerage service situation: quantity, general quality, hardship
e) Existing sanitary environment: general practices and conditions regarding personal, household and
community hygiene and sanitation
f) Environmental consideration: impacts and mitigation measures
iv. Project details:
a) Proposed scheme/s: number and name of scheme/s, type of system
b) Expected sewer loads domestic, industrial and institutional
c) Waste water quality issues
d) Population coverage & Growth rate
e) Tentative cost estimates of Projects
f) Evaluation of Project alternatives
g) Availability and distances for transportation of local materials, nearest market and road head and
distances involved for importation of construction materials
h) Operation and maintenance issues
i) conclusion and recommendation
v. Annexes:
Annex-1 General information
Annex-2 Exiting situation of sewerage system in the project area & Municipality
Annex-3 Identified waste water sources and loads

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 Annex-5 Sewerage disposal points
Annex-6 Household and population survey
Annex-7 Existing public institutions in the project area
Annex-8 Household and population projection
Annex-9 Layout plan of sewerage schemes (in rough plan of all alternatives and in fair detail of
proposed plan)
Task-2: Presentation of Draft Report
The Consultant will present the 'findings contained in the Draft Feasibility Study Report to the /DWSS including
concerned stakeholders. The venue and date of presentation will be fixed by mutual consultation. The
suggestions and comments provided at the presentation will also be duly incorporated by the Consultant in the
final reports.
Task-3: Submission of Final report
The Final Feasibility Study Report will include the complete FSR of the project including Preliminary design,
project Layout Plan, drawings, quantity and cost estimates, construction planning, economic and financial
analysis and other details as mentioned in the scope of work. It will also incorporate the recommendations made
rapid Environmental appraisal. The electronic version of the report will include the complete report, drawings
and all calculations (in actual working format, xls, dwg, doc) compatible with mainstream software.

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3.4 USE OF SOFTWARE
The consultants have gained a good experience through use of software and have using latest application
software for data base management and analysis. The Consultant will apply new and innovative computer
technologies wherever found to be the most efficient means to solve an engineering problem supported by
advanced survey/investigation and design techniques. The Consultant understands that time, and cost can be
saved by using the computer technology. The Consultant will extensively use computer technology to produce
and revise schedule, design, drawing, report preparation and communication works.
Microsoft Excel - The typical designs and drawings will be produced made on EXCEL spreadsheet and
AutoCAD formats with interlinking on interactive mode, as far as possible. The advantage in using the
spreadsheet is that it won't be a black box with input and output, and with extensive graphical capability and
macros inherent in EXCEL it will be a pleasure to work on it for even the novice users later on.
The consultant has develop excel sheet for design of Foundation Pads, Retaining Wall, Hydrological Calculation,
RCC sub Frame analysis, Slab, Beam and other RCC design element.
Microsoft-Project software will be used for the preparation of schedules, which is an easy, powerful and flexible
project-planning tool that helps to keep project activities in control regardless of its complexity.
AutoCAD –2009 software will be used for the design, drawings, and drafting works.
Land Development-2000 and SW_DTM software will be used for Topographical mappings
ORDM and SW_DTM_ROAD and other available software will be used for the survey plotting and road design
works.
SAP/STAD/MICROFEA software's will be used for the structural design works.
SSIIM, HECRAS, AND HECGEORAS software's will be used for Hydraulic Analysis (HFL Marking, Steady
flow analysis, Long Term Bed Variation, sediment Degradation / aggregation and Scour Depth) of cross
drainage structures.
Sample outputs are attached here
ARC GIS 9.3 software will be used to during desk study for fixing the alternative alignment and finally the
alignment after selection will also plotted and submitted.

Sample outputs are attached here

DEM Surface
developed from
Topo Map of
Alignment

Typical design drawings of Road way, Protection and off road structure is shown in fig below

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3.5 TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS & TECHNOLOGY

3.5.1 General
The Client has a continuous interest in upgrading and strengthening the capacity and capability of its staff and
organization for efficient management of the projects. For this reason it will obviously be the desire of the Client
that every project brings back some element of technology/skill transfer to its employees and organization.
Transfer of skill and knowledge can also take place, especially to those individuals who were not involved in the
execution of such projects before.
Theoretically speaking, frequently used methods to transfer knowledge and skill in such type of projects include;
 On-the-job training of employer's staff;

 Stand-alone training;

 Twinning agreements; and

 A combination of two or all above

The combination of methods adopted in a specific project will first depend on the institutional strength of the
employer and their level of technical preparedness. The method of implementation of the project and the
distribution of tasks between consultants and employer's staff plays an important role in determining the
effectiveness of the transfer-of-knowledge program. The success of the transfer program will also depend on the
absorption capacity and attitude of the individual.

3.5.2 Approaches to technology transfer & training

The effectiveness of the assignment will not be achieved without the direct consultation with the client itself and
various stakeholders active in the area. Hence, the consultant would like to propose a Start-up Meeting and
discussions with the DWSS officials to understand their area of interest and evolvement. The Consultant looks
this Project as:

 An opportunity for capacity building and professional development and will ensure active and effective
participation of its professional staff in all activities of technical dialogues and transfer of knowledge and
skills.

 A process to explore, identify and test further improvements in the methodologies of field investigation,
survey, Environmental Study, design and preparation of reports, Design of Embankment Dam,
Sedimentation Study with sediment handling technique, Economic and Financial Analysis of Reservoir
regulation that is most suitable for Nepalese context.
 An opportunity of effective technology transfer. Consultant will assist the project in all possible ways to
facilitate enhancement of professional standards to DWSS personnel

3.5.3 Method adopted for transfer of knowledge and skill

The transfer of knowledge in the present context is basically a two way process, between the Client and the
Consultant, though the extension of transfer may be more or less from one player to another. It is also clear from
the data sheet that training is the main component of the present assignment. Hence the transfer of knowledge
from one party to another through formal training sessions is envisaged. However, the most effective transfer of
knowledge (and, therefore technology) takes place on the basis of personnel or intra personnel transmission. This
aspect will be carefully considered during the project implementations, whereby, the knowledge inherent in
Consultant's can be transferred to Client's staff for the benefit of all parties.

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 However, transfer of technology and knowledge will be introduced as part of the project management and
developed as an integral part of the routine activities rather than a specific and separate function. Thus, an
individual's ability at work can best be improved by practicing skills as part of his work duties. Knowledge
transfer can be accomplished by means of following methods:

3.5.4 On-the-Job Training

Skills are transferred from Consultants to the Employer's staff when the Employer assigns personnel to the
consultant to work as members of the Consultant’s team under Consultant’s guidance and supervision. In the
context of the proposed project, the most effective means of transfer of knowledge/skill is on-the-job training.
This essentially comprise learning by doing and the project design/management structure will have to establish
an effective technical communication between the members of the partnering agencies. This will enable a day-to-
day association, interaction and communication amongst the staff and willering of the responsibilities.
Consultant will involve local consultants and DWSS staffs with technical responsibility and the transfer of
technology to strengthen institutional capabilities of DWSS. To enhance the capacities of the relevant
counterparts in all aspects of the investigation activities, planning, design, economic/financial analysis
including environmental and social assessments of the project will involved in following activities
 Nominated DWSS engineer will be involved with technical responsibility since the beginning of the
project.

 Nominated DWSS engineer will involved during the various levels of studies such as field investigation,
data collection, analysis, conceptual design and report preparation and so on.

3.5.5 Stand-Alone Training

A specific training component provided to alleviate identified weaknesses in the capabilities of the Employer’s
staff, such as training Employer's personnel in the operation and management of infrastructures and utilities. For
the training to be effective, it has to match the level of knowledge and prior experience of the trainees. Such type
of training are normally arranged according to the needs of the individual trainee. Following are some form of
stand-alone training;

 Secondment of the Employer’s staff to the consultant’s home/project office: These assignments will set
out the specific responsibilities of such staff within the scope of the consultant’s assignment.
 Study tours: Tours can be a very useful way of learning, but, to reduce the possibility of training
programs becoming “paid holidays” for trainees, mechanisms will be provided to limit unjustified tours
and possible abuses.
 Formal short-term courses and long-term academic courses: This type of training is administered by
educational organizations such as universities and business schools.
For the effective transfer of technology to DWSS personnel, nominated DWSS engineers will provided
with trainings on the following aspects of the project design and analysis by the Consultant.

 Training on Sewerage Network and Treatment Plant design criteria selection – 1 Days

 Training on Economic and Financial Analysis of Project – 1 Days

3.5.6 Twinning of Organizations

Twinning arrangements between an organization in the Employer country (recipient) and an entity involved in
the same activities from a developed country (supplier) are sometimes used to transfer knowledge and improve
capacity. Before entering a twinning agreement, the parties must be transparent about the objectives of the

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 operation: transfer of managerial, financial, and technical skills to the recipient’s organization or perhaps the
merger of the twins. The TOR will clearly establish the objectives and scope of work of the agreement, activities
to be executed, and the cooperation arrangements needed to ensure the right level of transfer of knowledge. This
type of arrangement is not envisaged in this project.

3.5.7 Discussion
The discussion will help in transfer of technology. Consultant will organize discussion sessions on regular basis
to review the main activities under the Project with the staff of DWSS. This will form the formal platform to
discuss the approach, philosophy vis-à-vis the problems encountered and the effectiveness of the solution
proposed or implemented. Such discussion will allow a joint postmortem of the specific issues as well as
successes, and sharing of the knowledge and experiences of the participants in specific aspects of the activities.
The Consultant will see to it that such interactions are productive by bringing into review, perusal and discussion
of the past experiences of undertaking the similar projects. The Consultant look forward to this opportunity of
knowledge transfer in the real sense by virtue of the proposed interaction centered on actual works of study,
evaluation and implementation in this Project, as well as on concrete cases of relevant projects undertaken in the
past. It is strongly believed that such interaction will help to evolve the optimum and the most appropriate
technology for use in Nepalese conditions.

3.5.8 Mode of technology transfer

Transfer of knowledge will be realized through intensive interaction among the persons involved at various
levels of the project implementation. It is envisaged that good team building between DWSS staff and
consultant's staff will enhance the effectiveness of knowledge transfer and sharing. Various modes will be
considered for transfer of knowledge, which will be identified based on need assessment. These may include:

 Training (on job training and Stand alone training)

 Workshop and Seminars

 Briefing Sessions
Training will be significant means of technology transfer. The training will be carefully planned if it is to be
effective. The training plans need to be related to the needs of the project to ensure that training activities are
directed to solving performance problems. Equally, however, the training must meet the needs and aspirations of
the individuals involved so as to gain their acceptance and willingness to change - without which any
improvement in performance will be difficult to achieve. The needs of both project and individuals must be
linked but their different nature requires that their analysis be approached separately. This process can be broken
down into four stages is shown in fig below

1.
TNA
ASSESS

PLAN

3.
4.

2.

DELIVER
D2.
3.
DELIVER
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 Fig - Process of Technology Transfer

1. TRAINNING NEEDS ASSESSMENT

 For the organization

 For individuals
2. PLAN

 Appropriate methods

 Available resources
3. DELIVER
 Appropriate methods

 Available resources
4. ASSESS EFFECTIVENESS

 On-the-job

 Off-the-job

Step 1: Training Needs Assessment will take place at the commencement of the project when team roles will be
analyzed and individual capabilities assessed against these. This assessment will be carried out by Team Leaders
and other specialists, as appropriate. The consultant will identify the resources available to plan training through
or the-job training.
Step 2: As part of this project, we will prepare Training Module which will lay out the procedures to be followed
during Feasibility study of Project. This Modulel will serve as a basis for training of Engineers of DWSS staff.
On-the-job training combined with few class room sessions (e.g. workshop/seminar) could be considered to be
the most effective means of know-how transfer and improving performance at work - if planned and managed
with appropriate supporting mechanisms.
Step 3 and Step 4: Records of individual training requirements and resulting plans will then be prepared and
made available to, and discussed with, the personnel concerned. This will allow the training and experience
provided to be programmed, implemented and evaluated for effectiveness by the consultant throughout the
project and new needs identified. These will be recorded through diaries of activities and reports to the DWSS
after the completion of assignment.
It is envisaged that the training will be mostly informal i.e. on-the-job training. The method will be learning by
doing and by establishing effective technical communication between the consultant and DWSS staffs. The
consultant will arrange formal trainings for approximately 1 to 2 engineers as nominated by DWSS.

3.5.9 Technology/Knowledge and training program

The Consultant will pay particular attention to approaches that inspire confidence and a desire to produce
sustainable results. All involved project authorities, individual personnel, have to recognize themselves as an

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 important, clearly defined and integral part of the development machinery. The approach of the Consultant will
be to maximize this sense of teamwork by ensuring appropriate and regular inputs from all concerned.
On the Job Training:
The consultant will provide opportunity to approximately 1 to 2 DWSS engineers nominated to participate on job
training from beginning of project in field investigation, data collection, analysis, reservoir simulation, design
and report preparation and so on., which will make easy to department during implementation. It makes easy to
use the reports, familiar with the milestone and share knowledge as well as aware about the intimidation during
implementation of project. We have identified some areas where mutual transfer of technology and knowledge
can be achieved without additional costs, which are as follows:
On Analysis/Design methods and software: This is an area where mutual transfer of knowledge can be
organized. We propose a seminar on these topics at our office premises where we can demonstrate the use of
computer software in analysis and design of Project component. It will be beneficial to both the client and the
consultants since we can share our knowledge with the client's engineers as well as get feedback and additional
knowledge from them. We believe that many engineers in the DWSS have quite a long experience in the field of
design and construction. Their feedback and guidance will be highly beneficial to our engineers too.
Lessons learn from similar Project: Consultant will propose and layout design impounding reservoir Project
on own experience and feedback from DWSS and agencies. Consultant will propose a specific visit to DWSS
officials and engineers of consulting agencies to specific sites, where consultant have adequate knowledge on
difficulties on construction. We believe that DWSS's feedback and guidance will be highly beneficial for future
documentation and standardization of design works.
Stand alone Training to DWSS Staff:
The consultants will closely coordinates with the Client and will involved their representative during entire
process of work. For the effective transfer of technology to DWSS personnel, nominated DWSS engineers will
provided with trainings on the following aspects of the project design and analysis by the Consultant.
 Training on Sewerage Network and Treatment Plant design criteria selection – 1 Days

 Training on Economic and Financial Analysis of Project – 1 Days

This will give the opportunity to the DWSS Engineer to get the better understanding on subject matter. Hence it
will enable the department for future enhancement in similar project and also share the innovative design
methodology which will helpful for enhancement of capability of DWSS officials.
Sharing of Computer based techniques:
As early mention, the consultant wishes to employ software for Design and preparation of Maps, plan, cross-
section, Profile. Consultant will request concern DWSS engineer or his representative during design to become
familiar with design software and can use the electronics copy.
Participation of local people:
To disseminate knowledge to grass root level, the consultant proposed to involve local people as far as applicable
during survey work and give them ownership feelings which will provide them opportunity to share knowledge.
In this backdrop the consultant will hire local people as survey assistant, enumerator etc and employ them for
field work with proposed key personnel. It will empower the local people and help to disseminate knowledge.

3.5.10 Schedule of technology transfer & training

DWSS is suggested to depute the client's staff to our team during the periods shown on the schedule. We commit
to share our knowledge and experience as much as possible. Brief training activities along is summaries herewith

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in table; and Schedule of Technology Transfer is presented herewith, this will be rectifying after interaction with
client.

Task Participant Activities Location

Desk Study DWSS Concept and review of DWSS Office, Consultant

officials previous report office

Field appraisal DWSS Site Visit and Assessment Field , Consultant office
officials and DWSS

Alternative Study DWSS Intervention requirements Field , Consultant office

officials and and DWSS
Local
People

Project Layout and DWSS Optimization and Design of Consultant office and
Design officials sewer network DWSS

Preparation of Report DWSS Preparation of Report Consultant office and

officials DWSS Office

Develop project DWSS Alternative analysis Consultant office and

implementation plan officials DWSS Office

Schedule of Technology Transfer

Activity M1 M2 M3 Remarks

Desk Study  

Field appraisal  

Alternative Study  

Project Layout and Design & Preparation of

Report

Training

Interaction with Client

Workshop / Presentation of Report

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3.6 WORK PLAN
Analysis of the work and acquired experience in other similar projects has led to an outline of a working
schedule designed to comply efficiently and effectively with the project defined in the TOR and as shown on
TECH-H: work schedule, which shows the schedule setting for the working hypothesis within the general
estimated duration 3 month for final report. The consultant will undertake general activities in a professional and
comprehensive manner and in any case in full respect of TOR and methodological report to benefit the project.
Inception Report within four (2) weeks of signing the contract
Two (2) copies of Inception Report within Two (2) weeks of signing the contract covering activities as stipulated
in the ToR
Draft Report within Three and half months after approval of inception report.
Two (2) copies of Draft Feasibility Report within Three and Half months after approval of inception report. The
report will cover outcome of the study based on the scope of works stated above. The draft report will cover
investigations, conceptual design of proposed sub projects, financial analysis and so on with separate volume for
drawings, design calculations, and analysis as relevant and appropriate
Final Report incorporating comments from DWSS within 15 days after receiving the comments on the
draft report
Four (4) copies of Final Feasibility Study Report after incorporating comments from the clients, Feasibility study
reports will be computer printed on A4 size photocopy paper and photocopied with standard covers and binding.
The cover sheet will include the name of the ministry, department and project management office, name of the
project, Municipality with covered ward nos., name and address of consultancy firm and month and year of
report submission;

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