EMT2-hw2 - Sol
EMT2-hw2 - Sol
• ⃗ = 𝜖0 𝐸⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵
Maxwell’s equations for free space (using 𝐽 = 0, 𝜌 = 0, 𝐷 ⃗ = 𝜇0 𝐻
⃗)
𝜕𝐻 ⃗
1. ∇ × 𝐸⃗ = −𝜇0 𝜕𝑡
𝜕𝐸⃗
2. ∇ × 𝐻 ⃗ = 𝜖0
𝜕𝑡
3. ∇. 𝐸⃗ = 0
4. ∇. 𝐻⃗ =0
• Phasor notation:
𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑉0 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃) = 𝑉0 𝑅𝑒{𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑒 𝑗𝜃 } ⇔ 𝑉𝑝ℎ = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑒 𝑗𝜃 = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 ∠𝜃
𝑑𝑣(𝑡) 𝜋 𝜋
= −𝜔𝑉0 sin(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃) = 𝜔𝑉0 cos (𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃 + ) = 𝜔𝑉0 𝑅𝑒 {𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑒 𝑗𝜃 𝑒 𝑗 2 }
𝑑𝑡 2
𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑗𝜃
= 𝜔𝑉0 𝑅𝑒{𝑒 𝑒 𝑗}
1|Page
𝑑(𝑉𝑝ℎ )
⇔ = 𝑗𝜔𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑒 𝑗𝜃 = 𝑗𝜔𝑉𝑝ℎ
𝑑𝑡
• Maxwell’s equations for sinusoidal fields in free space
1. ∇ × ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝑠 = −𝑗𝜔𝜇0 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐻𝑠
2. ∇ × ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐻𝑠 = 𝑗𝜔𝜖0 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝑠
3. ∇ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝑠 = 0
4. ∇ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐻𝑠 = 0
⃗ ) 𝑑𝑣 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = ∫ 𝜌 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ (∇. 𝐷 ∭ 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 = 12 𝐶
𝑣 𝑣 𝑥=0,𝑦=0,𝑧=0
𝑑𝑆 = 𝜌 𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝜌 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 ⃗ ). 𝑑𝑆 = 60𝜌2 𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝜌
(Curl 𝐻
𝜌=1,𝜑=2𝜋 1 2𝜋
1
⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = ∫ (∇ × 𝐻
𝐼 = ∮𝐻 ⃗ ) . 𝑑𝑆 = ∬ 60𝜌2 𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝜌 = 60 ∫ 𝜌2 𝑑𝜌 ∫ 𝑑𝜑 = 60 ( ) (2𝜋)
3
𝑠 𝜌=0,0,𝜑=0 0 0
= 40𝜋 𝐴
Q5. Find the amplitude of displacement current density around a car antenna where the field
strength of an FM signal is 𝐸⃗ = 80 cos(6.277 × 108 𝑡 − 2.092𝑦) 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 𝑉 ⁄𝑚.
Solution:
⃗ = 𝜖0 𝐸⃗ = 80𝜖0 cos(6.277 × 108 𝑡 − 2.092𝑦) 𝑎
𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 𝐶 ⁄𝑚2
⃗
𝜕𝐷
Displacement current density = 𝜕𝑡
= −80𝜖0 (6.277 × 108 ) sin(6.277 × 108 𝑡 − 2.092𝑦) 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 𝐶 ⁄𝑠. 𝑚2
= −0.445 sin(6.277 × 108 𝑡 − 2.092𝑦) 𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 𝐴⁄𝑚2
Hence, amplitude = 0.445 𝐴⁄𝑚2
Q7. Consider the field intensity vector expressed as phasor. Recover the time-domain expression:
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝑠 = 100∠30° ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 + 20∠ − 50° ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 + 40∠210° 𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 V/m
4|Page
Solution:
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝑠 = 100𝑒 𝑗30° ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 + 20𝑒 −𝑗50° ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 + 40𝑒 𝑗210° ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑧
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝑠 (𝑡) = (100𝑒 𝑗30° ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 + 20𝑒 −𝑗50° ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 + 40𝑒 𝑗210° ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑧 )𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡
𝐸⃗ (𝑡) = 𝑅𝑒(100√2𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑒 𝑗30° ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 + 20√2𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑒 −𝑗50° ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 + 40√2𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑒 𝑗210° ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑧 )
= 100√2 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 30°) ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 + 20√2 cos(𝜔𝑡 − 50°) ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 + 40√2 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 210°) 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 V/m
5|Page