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1 Addition Rule of Probability: 1.1 Exercise Set 5

The document discusses probability rules including: 1) The addition rule of probability, which states the probability of events A or B occurring is P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B), or simply P(A) + P(B) if they are mutually exclusive. 2) Conditional probability, which is the probability of event A occurring given that event B has occurred, written as P(A|B). It then provides 8 practice problems for each of 3 exercises applying these rules to scenarios involving dice, cards, students' exam performance, and more.

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oliver sen
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33 views

1 Addition Rule of Probability: 1.1 Exercise Set 5

The document discusses probability rules including: 1) The addition rule of probability, which states the probability of events A or B occurring is P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B), or simply P(A) + P(B) if they are mutually exclusive. 2) Conditional probability, which is the probability of event A occurring given that event B has occurred, written as P(A|B). It then provides 8 practice problems for each of 3 exercises applying these rules to scenarios involving dice, cards, students' exam performance, and more.

Uploaded by

oliver sen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 Addition Rule of Probability

1.1 Exercise Set 5


Definition 1.1. Addition Rule: Let A and B be two events then probability of A ∪ B is given
by
P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B) − P (A ∩ B).
Further, if events are mutually exclusive then above result reduces to

P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B).

This may be generalized for more than two mutually exclusive events as given below

P (A ∪ B ∪ C) = P (A) + P (B) + P (C).

1. If P (A) = .48, P (B) = .42, then find (1) P(not-A) (2) P(not-B) (3) P (A ∪ B) (4)
P (A ∪ B).
2. Find the chance of throwing an even number or a number less than 5 with a toss of a
die.
3. Two cubical dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability of throwing an
even number on the first one or a sum of 9.
4. Two cubical dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability of throwing an
odd number on the first one or a sum of 9.
5. A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards.What is the probability
that it is a spade card or an ace.
6. A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. What is the proba-
bility that it is neither a spade card nor an ace.
7. One ticket is to be drawn from a pack of 12 tickets which are marked with the numbers
1 to 12. What is the probability that number on the ticket so chosen is a multiple of
2 or 3.
8. In a city 20% peoples read English newspaper, 40% read Hindi newspaper and 5% read
both of them. How many peoples are there who do not read both the news papers

1.2 Exercise Set 6


1. If P (A) = .25, P (B) = .50 and P (A ∩ B) = .14. What is the probability that neither
of them occurs.
2. Probability that a horse A wins the race is 71 and that the horse B wins the race is 41 .
What is the probability that any one of them wins the race.
3. Four horses A, B, C, D are participating in a race. The odds in favour of them are 1:2,
1:3, 1:4, 1:5. What is the probability that any one of them wins the race.
4. Find the probability of getting a sum of 9 or 11 when two dice are thrown.
5. A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards.What is the probability
that it is a diamond or heart.
6. A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards.What is the probability
that it is a king or an ace.

1
7. A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. What is the proba-
bility that it is neither a spade card nor a club card.
8. Three events A,B and C are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events. Odds against
A and B are 8 : 3 and 5 : 2 respectively. Find the odds against the event C.

1.3 Exercise Set 7


Definition 1.2. Conditional Probability: Probability of happening of an event A, when event
B has already happened is called as conditional probability and is denoted by P (A/B) and

P (A ∩ B) = P (A)P (B/A).

Further, if events are independent then

P (A ∩ B) = P (A)P (B).

1. What is the chance of throwing a total of 11 with two dice if the digit on first die is
5?.

2. In a college 25% students in Mathematics, 15% student in Physics and 10% student
in Mathematics and Physics both are failed. A student is selected at random-
(1) If he failed in Physics, then find the chance of his failure in Mathematics.
(2) If he failed in Mathematics, then find the chance of his failure in Physics.
(3) Find he chance of failure in mathematics or Physics.

3. Urn A contains 2 white and 5 black balls and urn B contains 3 white and 6 black balls.
A ball is taken out at random from urn A and transferred to urn B. Then a ball is
drawn at random from urn B. What is the probability that it is a black ball.
4. The probability that a 50 years old man will be alive at 60 is 0.83 and the probability
that a 45 years old woman will be alive at 55 is 0.87. What is the probability that a
man who is 50 and wife who is 45 will be alive 10 years hence..
5. probability that a boy will pass the examination is 53 and that for a girl it is 52 . What
is the probability that at least one of them passes examination.
6. A speakes the truth in 60% cases and B in 75% of the cases. In what percentage of
cases are they likely to contradict each other in stating the same fact.
7. Mohan speakes the truth in 60% cases and Sohan in 75% of the cases. In what
percentage of cases are they likely to contradict each other in stating the same fact..
8. A question in Statistics was given to three students to solve. Probabilities that they
solve the question are 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4 respectively. If they all try to solve the question,
what is the probability that the question will be solved.

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