12

Week 1 | Day 1 to Day 5

Practical Research 2
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Characteristics, Strengths,
Weaknesses, and Kinds of
Quantitative Research

SELF-LEARNING MODULE

DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

Practical Research 2 – Grade 12
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses, and Kinds of Quantitative
Research
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Mary Jane U. Simogan and Ester R. Rodulfa
Editors: Rod Ryan Eturma
Reviewer: Luzviminda R. Loreno and Edilbert A. Reyes
Illustrator: Mary Jane U. Simogan and Ester R. Rodulfa
Layout Artist: Sherwin P. Uy
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Management Team: Romelito G. Flores, CESO V – Schools Division Superintendent
Mario M. Bermudez, CESO VI – Asst. Schools Division
Superintendent
Juliet F. Lastimosa, CID Chief
Sally A. Palomo, EPS - LRMS
Gregorio O. Ruales, EPS – ADM Coordinator
Luzviminda R. Loreno, EPS – SHS Coordinator

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – General Santos City

Office Address: Tiongson St., Lagao, General Santos City
Telefax: (083) 552-8909
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 12

Week 1 | Day 1 to Day 5

Practical Research 2
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Characteristics, Strengths,
Weaknesses, and Kinds of
Quantitative Research

SELF-LEARNING MODULE

DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 for Grade 12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on

Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses, and Kinds of Quantitative Research!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 – Grade 12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on

Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses, and Kinds of Quantitative Research!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is
capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at
your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

2
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

3
References This is a list of all sources used in developing
this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

4
 What I Need to Know

Hello dear student! I am glad you are here. Let us learn together how to prepare your
quantitative research paper. In the previous semester, you experienced how to prepare
a research paper using the qualitative research design. This time, you will be assisted
on how to prepare a research paper using quantitative research design.

I understand you are a little anxious. Do not worry if your teacher will assist you in
preparing your quantitative research paper along the way. Once you are aware of these
concepts you will be able to understand the unique features of quantitative research
and its potentials. You will also have a better understanding when is the appropriate
time to use the different kinds of quantitative research designs.

In this module, you will be able to:

● describe the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative
research. CS_RS12-Ia-c-1

Specifically, you are expected to:

1. describe the characteristics of Quantitative Research;
2. discuss the strengths and weaknesses of Quantitative Research; and
3. differentiate the kinds of Quantitative Research.

What I Know

1
Before we begin this lesson, let us find out how much you already know about this
module. After taking and checking this short test, take note of the items that you were
not able to answer correctly and look for the right answer as you go through this module.

Direction: Write the letter of the best answer to each question on a sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following quantitative research designs seeks to describe the current
status of an identified variable or phenomenon?
a. correlational research
b. descriptive research
c. experimental research
d. survey research

2. Which of the following quantitative research designs determine the relationship

between two variables: positive or negative; high, moderate, or low relationship?
a. correlational research
b. descriptive research
c. experimental research
d. survey research

3. Which of the following quantitative research designs randomly assigns subjects

to experimental treatments rather than identifying them in naturally occurring
groups?
a. correlational research
b. survey research
c. quasi-experimental research
d. true experimental research

4. Which of the following kinds of quantitative research design tests the

effectiveness of an intervention but does not randomly assign participants to
groups and allow them to stay on naturally formed or pre-existing groups?
a. correlational research
b. survey research
c. quasi-experimental research
d. true experimental research

5. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group?

a. precision of numbers
b. error can be computed
c. assumption in statistical methods
d. sample is less prone to sampling bias

6. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group?

a. survey research

2
 b. correlational research
c. descriptive research
d. experimental research

7. Which of the following is an example of a true experimental research?

a. The effect of age on lung capacity.
b. The effect of part-time employment on the achievement of high school
students.
c. The effect of preschool attendance on social maturity at the end of the
first grade.
d. The effect of teaching with the use of cooperative group strategy vs.
traditional lecture approach on students’ achievement.

8. Which of the following types of quantitative research requires a control group

and an experimental group?
a. correlational research
b. descriptive-survey research
c. quasi-experimental research
d. true-experimental research

9. What is the best research design to use when you would like to evaluate the
effectiveness of ground dried banana peel as a food supplement to broiler
chicken in terms of weight and meat quality?
a. descriptive or survey research
b. comparative research
c. correlational research
d. experimental research

10. A quantitative research presents research findings in this manner:

a. Many prefer to study with books.
b. Students find textbooks indispensable or necessary.
c. Perhaps, 30% consider textbooks unnecessary in their studies.
d. Out of 100 college students, 90 find textbooks beneficial to their studies.
11. Some people think that quantitative research is complex because of its use of
______.
a. factual data
b. numerical data
c. hypotheses
d. theories

12. People inclined to conduct quantitative research want to discover the truth in
_______.
a. a careful way
b. a personal way
c. an exact manner
d. an indirect way

13. Which of the following statements characterize the strength of Quantitative

Research?
a. The findings of the study can be verified since the methodology of
quantitative research can be replicated.

3
 b. Experimental studies need to be conducted in a laboratory which is an
artificial setting.
c. Some information may be lost in the conversion of subjective data to
numerical data.
d. Researchers must follow the planned procedure of conducting the
intervention, data gathering, and data analysis and interpretation.

14. Which of the following statements characterize the weakness of Quantitative

Research?
a. Quantitative studies are narrow and focused on limited variables that can
describe only a part of human experience.
b. Quantitative research uses reliable measurement instruments and
statistical methods in gathering and analyzing the data.
c. Quantitative research uses statistical methods to determine the right
sample size that will represent the entire population.
d. Quantitative researcher makes sure that nothing from the environment will
affect the results by implementing controls.

15. Quantitative research requires statistical tools to determine the number of

samples that can be able to represent a population so that the results of the
study can be generalizable to the bigger population being studied. The given
statement is _______.
a. always true
b. somewhat true
c. always false
d. somewhat false

Nice Job! Keep going!

Lesson Characteristics, Strengths,

1 Weaknesses, and Kinds of
Quantitative Research
Hello, my dearest researcher! Welcome to the world of Quantitative Research. In your
Practical Research 1 (Qualitative Research) class, you were able to understand the
meaning, characteristics and importance of research in your daily lives. It was
introduced to you that research methods are divided broadly into qualitative and
quantitative. The difference between these two methods was already clear to you.

The baseline information that you learned previously will be your foundation in
advancing your skills as a researcher.

4
 What’s In

Now, let us see how much you can recall from your previous lessons.

Activity 1: “Activating Your Prior Knowledge!”

Direction:
A. Determine whether inquiry or research is applicable to the given situations.
Write the word inquiry or research in the given blanks.

____________ 1. Mona wants to know the occupant of one apartment.

____________ 2. James wants to know the medicinal effects of guava leaves.
____________ 3. Rain Cruz wants to know the technique to make his wall fan function
instantly.
____________ 4. Professor James wants to discover the impact of social networking
on his students’ learning abilities.
____________ 5. Aling Ivana wants to know the reason behind the decrease of her
sales for the day.
B. Identify what characteristic of research is being described in the following
situations. Read the questions carefully and encircle the letter of the best
answer.

6. Alexa observed that more than half of her classmates skip classes in the
afternoon. She conducted a study to investigate this phenomenon. This shows
that research is:
a. cyclical
b. empirical
c. methodical
d. replicable

7. It was Andrea’s first attempt to conduct research in her Practical Research 1 class.
She asked some advice from her research teacher who told her to follow a step by
step process, starting from creating the research title, to the giving of the
recommendations in the final stage. This shows that research is:
a. empirical
b. logical
c. methodical
d. replicable

8. Teacher Mike Gomez read that the use of the local dialect in teaching mathematics
to Hispanic students increases their understanding of the subject. He conducted the
same research to his B’laan students to find out if the method will yield the same
results. This shows that research is:
a. empirical
b. logical

5
 c. methodical
d. replicable

9. To ensure accuracy and precision in his research findings, Paul double checked
on his data and made sure that he did not skip or miss anything in his analysis.
Research is :
a. critical
b. empirical
c. cyclical
d. systematic

10. The ultimate goal of conducting research is to:

a. find a solution to problems.
b. find fault on others’ work.
c. comply with school requirements.
d. teach students to be patient.

C. Determine the difference between quantitative and qualitative research. Read

the questions carefully and encircle the letter of the best answer.

11. Qualitative : use of words. Quantitative : __________

a. data
b. question
c. survey
d. numbers

12. Qualitative: Natural setting . Quantitative : ________________

a. Inductive setting
b. Experimental setting
c. Subjective setting
d. Narrative setting

13. Qualitative: Thematic analysis : Quantitative: ______________

a. subjective
b. data
c. survey
d. statistical

14. Quantitative : ______________. Qualitative : Purposive Sampling

a. random
b. survey
c. subjective
d. thematic

15. Quantitative : _________________ Qualitative : few informants

a. exact number of informants
b. large number of informants
c. identified number of respondents
d. depends upon the discretion of research

Congratulations! You did a great job. You are now ready to explore our lesson.

6
 What’s New

It’s good that you were able to remember the concepts you previously discussed in
Practical Research 1.

It is now time to measure your readiness to learn our new subject matter. The next
activity will test your knowledge on the pre-requisite skills and the key terms on
characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research.

Activity 2: “You Can Figure It Out!”

Direction:
A. Read carefully the sentences that describe quantitative research and take note of the
significant terms that were underlined. Write the meaning of the underlined word in
each sentence. Be guided by the contextual clues.

1. Quantitative research is focused on gathering objective data while qualitative

research is focused on subjective data.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

2. Quantitative research designs are structurally scientific methods, utilizing

deductive reasoning in forming its hypothesis
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

3. The outcomes measured in a quantitative research design are factual and based
on valid and reliable instruments and statistical tools rather than from
perceptions of the researcher.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

4. Quantitative research can generalize a research finding when it has been

replicated on many different populations and subpopulations.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

5. One of the weaknesses of quantitative research is that it may not capture

experiences of subjects because it is focused on hypothesis testing.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

7
 B. Below is a tree diagram of the classification of common research designs.
Describe your understanding or interpretation of the diagram. Write it in 4 to
6 sentences on the blanks provided.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMMON
RESEARCH DESIGNS
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
Design Design

Experimental Non-Experimental
Phenomenological
Ethnographic
Grounded theory

Experimental Quasi-
Descriptive Correlational
Experimental

Survey
Descripti
ve-
Comparative

8
Alright, that’s a good try!

What is It

Wow! You are knowledgeable of the key terms regarding characteristics, strengths,
weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research. Now we are to discover and understand
new concepts and skills.

You have recalled that research approaches can be either quantitative or qualitative
methods. Let us discuss ideas regarding the quantitative method.

What is Quantitative Research?

Quantitative research is interpreting events or situations by gathering numerical data

that are analysed using mathematically based methods particularly statistical tools.
(Aliaga and Gunderson, 2005; SkillsYouNeed.com, 2017)

9
It is used to quantify the problems by way of generating numerical data or data that can
be transformed into usable statistics. It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions,
behaviours, and other defined variables – and generalize results from a larger sample
population. (Jerusalem, Violeta, et.al, 2017)

What are the Characteristics of Quantitative Research?

1. Quantitative research is a formal, objective, and a systematic process for

obtaining quantifiable information about the world.

2. Quantitative research is presented in numerical forms, and analyzed through the

use of Statistics.

3. Quantitative research is used to describe and to test relationships.

4. Quantitative research is used to examine the cause-and-effect of relationships.

In simple terms, quantitative research is concerned with numbers, statistics, and

the relationships between events/numbers.

According to Polit and Beck (2010), these are the characteristics of quantitative
research:

1. Quantitative research is a scientific process. It follows an orderly and disciplined

procedure to acquire information.

2. Quantitative research tests a hypothesis. The goal of quantitative research is to

prove an assumption. Quantitative research uses deductive reasoning in testing
its hypothesis. Deductive reasoning starts with a general statement that is
assumed to be true. This assumption is used to reach a conclusion in the sample
being studied.

3. Data gathered from quantitative research requires a large number of

respondents. It requires statistical tools to determine the number of samples that
can be able to represent a population so that the results of the study can be
generalizable to the bigger population being studied.

4. Quantitative research is a systematic process. Research follows a pre-specified

step by step action plan. Due to this, quantitative research results can be easily
verified by replicating the procedure on different subjects.

5. Quantitative research uses control mechanisms. The researcher executes

conditions that minimize bias or errors. Accuracy and validity of data are
ensured.

6. The use of valid and reliable research instruments and statistical tools to analyze
the data prevents interpretation of the data according to the researchers’
perception, belief or point of view.

7. Quantitative research data are objective or observable. Data in quantitative

research are gathered using the senses such as through observation using sight,
hearing, taste, touch or smell.

10
 8. Quantitative research findings are generalizable. The results of quantitative
research are derived by analyzing a large number of respondents, therefore
results are taken to be true to the population being studied.

What are the Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative Research?

Strengths:

a. Results reflect precise or accurate data. Quantitative research uses reliable

measurement instruments and statistical methods in gathering and analyzing
the data.

b. Provides an objective understanding of the population studied rather than

personal opinion of the researcher. It requires observation of the respondents
using the senses with the aid of a measuring tool.

c. Uses large sample size which is representative of the population. Quantitative

research uses statistical methods to determine the right sample size that will
represent the entire population. This enables quantitative research to be less
prone to sampling bias.

d. The findings of the study can be verified since the methodology of quantitative
research can be replicated.

e. The implementation of control in the study will minimize if not prevent the effect
of other factors in the environment to affect the findings. Just like for example
when conducting an experiment, the researcher makes sure that nothing from
the environment will affect the results by implementing controls.

Weaknesses:

1. Some information cannot be gathered using a structured questionnaire that is

used in quantitative research design. This is true especially sensitive information
such as experiences or practices that are normally not accepted by society.

2. Some information may be lost in the conversion of subjective data to numerical

data. Data which explains the meaning of experiences can be lost when converted
to numbers. Statistical methods of interpretation also have limits.

3. Quantitative studies are narrow and focused on limited variables that can
describe only a part of human experience. It can only measure limited
characteristics of a person such as physical attributes, behavior, preferences etc.
But it cannot cover all the complexities of the human being.

4. Quantitative studies are inflexible. It needs to follow a predetermined step by step

research procedure. Researchers must follow the planned procedure of
conducting the intervention, data gathering, and data analysis and
interpretation.

5. Experimental studies need to be conducted in a laboratory which is an artificial

setting.

11
What are the Kinds of Quantitative Research?

Quantitative research is of two kinds: experimental and non-experimental.

Characteristics of Experimental Research:

1. Quantitative research treats or deals with the subject of the research in a definite
or exact manner.

2. It aims to determine the extent of the effect or influence of the treatment on the
subject then discovers the causes of such effects.

3. There are two groups that are involved in experimental research:

a. the experimental group, where the treatment is applied and
b. the control group, which does not receive any treatment.

4. The subjects involved in this type of research are chosen randomly or selected
by chance, rather than by the decision of the researcher.

Kinds of Experimental Research:

Experimental research is categorized into two. The manner of selecting the participants
indicates the kind of experimental research.

1. True Experimental Research - absolutely uses random selection in determining

who among the participants should compose the experimental group or the
control group.

2. Quasi-Experimental Research – does not randomize subjects but adopts a

comparative technique in choosing the subjects. Usually, participants chosen in
a quasi-experimental research are those forming a class that remains as one
group incapable of disintegration.

Characteristics of Non-Experimental Research

1. It is a way of finding out truths about a subject by describing the collected data
about the respondent and determining the relationships or connections of the
variables with one another.

2. The researcher does not intervene in any way with the respondents.

3. The aim of this kind of research is to discover people’s thoughts, views, feelings
and attitudes about a certain societal issue, object, place, or event.

The most common type of non-experimental research are Descriptive research and
correlational research design.

Characteristics of Descriptive Research Design

1. Descriptive research seeks to describe the current status of an identified variable

or phenomenon.

12
 2. The researcher may begin with a hypothesis, but it is likely to develop one after
collecting data.

3. Descriptive statistics (mean, median, mode, range, variance, and standard

deviation) are used to summarize and give order to the measurements made in
descriptive research.

Characteristics of correlational research design

1. Performing correlational research is done to establish what is the influence or

association of one on the other might be and how that affects the relationship.

2. Correlational research is conducted in order to explain a noticed occurrence. In

correlational research, the survey is conducted on a minimum of two groups.
(Klazema, 2014)

Common types of Descriptive Research Designs:

1. Survey Research is the most used non-experimental research in the field of
Sociology, Psychology, and Humanities. (Schreiber, 2011)
a. Survey research is a method of research that aims at knowing what a big
number of people think and feel about some sociological issues. (Babbie,
2013, )

2. Comparative research
a. Its goal is to compare attributes of two or more existing groups.

What’s More

Hooray! How are you coping-up with our lesson? At this time, you are to solidify
your understanding and skills on the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses, and
kinds of quantitative research.

Activity 3: “You Can Classify and Differentiate It”

Direction:
A. In this activity, you will classify the following word/ group of words if it is
a strength or weakness of quantitative research. Write your answer in the
table below.

1. Precise
2. Uses Statistical Tool
3. Inadequacy of Numbers
4. Describes a part of human experience
5. Some studies are done in artificial setting
6. Less prone to sampling bias
7. Errors can be computed

13
 Quantitative Research
STRENGHTS WEAKNESSES

B. In this activity, you will differentiate the kinds of quantitative research using
the T-Chart diagram. You will be scored following the rubric for a holistic essay.

8. Experimental research and Non-Experimental research

Experimental Research Non- Experimental Research

9. True experimental research and Quasi-experimental research

True Experimental Research Quasi- Experimental Research

14
 10. Survey research and Correlational research

Survey Research Descriptive -Correlational

Research

Great Job! You are now knowledgeable enough on our lesson. Keep it up!

What I Have Learned

Wow! You have accomplished a lot by doing the previous activities. Now, let us process
what you have learned. Let’s do this activity!

Activity 4: “Let’s Keep Going!”

Direction:
A. Put a Check on the box provided if the statement describes quantitative
research and put an X if it does not.

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH or

1. Does not require control of the environment
2. Gathers objective data
3. Can be done with only a few number of respondents
4. Validity of the tools is not an issue as long as the respondents
are honest.
5. It evaluates whether a prediction is true or not
6. The researcher can create his/her own format
7. Uses measuring tools to gather data
8. The respondent interprets the meaning of the data gathered.
9. Appropriate for exploring respondents’ reasons for adapting
certain behaviors.
10. Collects data that can be counted.

B. Identify the proper quantitative research design for the following research
questions. Indicate whether the appropriate research design is: survey or,
comparative research design, correlational research design, true experimental or
quasi-experimental research design.

1. What is the opinion of the Filipino citizens on the national ID system?

15
 2. What is the effect of zoom family meetings to the mood and disposition of the
residents of St. Vincent Strambii Home for the Aged in General Santos City?
Randomization of the participants was not done.

3. What is the effect of the research-made instructional brochure on the level of

awareness on garbage disposal among the residents of Barangay Conel, General
Santos City? The participants were randomized into two groups (one control
group and one treatment group).

4. Is there any relationship between the family profile and level of stress during
quarantine among adolescents in General Santos City?

5. Is there any difference in the level of social discrimination experienced by gay and
lesbian high school students in General Santos City National High School and
AG Busano Sr. High School?

What I Can Do

Now, let’s apply what you have learned to reality.

Considering the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative

research, think of one doable research topic/study that you can do in a short span of
time. Your school environment, circle of friends, and barangay or purok conditions may
give you an idea on what to research on. Or, find out which topic appears interesting to
you in various fields of knowledge, like Humanities, Architecture, Engineering, Science,
Business, Psychology, or Education, among others.

Activity 5: “I Can Do It!”

Direction: Read carefully the unfinished sentences below. Complete these sentences by
writing your answers legibly on the blank provided. You will be scored
following the rubric for a holistic essay.

1. My quantitative research topic will be _________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________.

16
2. I chose this topic because _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.

3. The kind of quantitative research I will be using in my topic is _________________

________________________________________________________________________________.

4. I will be using this kind of quantitative research because

_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________.

Congratulations! You are now a qualified researcher and you can make a difference in
our chaotic world!

Assessment

Good Job! Let’s test what you have learned from the very start of our lesson.

Direction: Read carefully and answer the questions below. Encircle the letter of your
correct answer.

1. Which of the following is an example of a true experimental research?

a. The effect of age on lung capacity.
b. The effect of part-time employment on the achievement of high school
students.
c. The effect of preschool attendance on social maturity at the end of the first
grade.
d. The effect of teaching with a cooperative group strategy or a traditional
lecture approach on students’ achievement.

2. Quantitative research requires statistical tools to determine the number of

samples that can be able to represent a population so that the results of the
study can be generalizable to the bigger population being studied. The given
statement is _______.
a. always false
b. somewhat false
c. always true
d. somewhat true

3. People inclined to do quantitative research want to discover truth in _____.

a. a careful way
b. a personal way
c. an indirect way
d. an exact manner

17
4. What kind of quantitative research design seeks to describe the current status of
an identified variable or phenomenon?
a. correlational research
b. descriptive research
c. experimental research
d. survey research

5. Some think of quantitative research as complex because of its use of _______.

a. factual data
b. hypotheses
c. numerical data
d. theories

6. What kind of quantitative research design determines the relationship between

two variables: positive or negative; high, moderate, or low relationship?
a. correlational research
b. descriptive research
c. experimental research
d. survey research

7. What kind of quantitative research design where subjects are randomly

assigned to experimental treatments rather than identified in naturally
occurring groups?
a. correlational research
b. descriptive-survey research
c. quasi-experimental research
d. true experimental research

8. What kind of quantitative research design where the researcher does not
randomly assign groups and must use ones that are naturally formed or pre-
existing groups?
a. correlational research
b. survey research
c. quasi-experimental research
d. true experimental research

9. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group?

a. precision of numbers
b. error can be computed
c. assumptions in statistical methods
d. sample is less prone to sampling bias

10. Which of the following statements characterize the strength of Quantitative

Research?
a. Experimental studies need to be conducted in a laboratory which is an
artificial setting.
b. Some information may be lost in the conversion of subjective data to
numerical data.

18
 c. The findings of the study can be verified since the methodology of
quantitative research can be replicated.
d. Researchers must follow the planned procedure of conducting the
intervention, data gathering, and data analysis and interpretation.

11. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group?

a. correlational research
b. descriptive research
c. experimental research
d. survey research

12. Which of the following statements characterize the weakness of Quantitative

Research?
a. Quantitative research uses reliable measurement instruments and
statistical methods in gathering and analyzing the data.
b. Quantitative studies are narrow and focused on limited variables that can
describe only a part of human experience.
c. Quantitative research use statistical methods to determine right sample
size that will represent the entire population.
d. Quantitative researcher makes sure that nothing from the environment will
affect the results by implementing controls.

13. Which of the following types of quantitative research requires there to be a

control group and an experimental group?
a. correlational research
b. descriptive-survey research
c. quasi-experimental research
d. true experimental research

14. Which type of quantitative research designs or methods can be used in the field
of sociology (the study of society, social institutions, and social relationships)?
a. experimental designs, surveys, pilot studies and pre/ post designs
b. observations and listening to pre-recorded video tapes
c. one on one interviews
d. none of the answers are correct

15. A quantitative research presents research findings in this manner:

a. Many prefer to study with textbooks.
b. Students find textbooks indispensable or necessary.
c. Perhaps, 30% consider textbook unnecessary in their studies.
d. Out of 100 college students, 90 find textbooks beneficial to their studies.

19
 Additional Activities

Congratulations! You’ve come this far. I know you’ve learned a lot in this module. Now
for your additional activities, just do this.

Activity 6: “My K-A-S”

Directions: In this activity, you will indicate the things you have learned in this lesson
(knowledge); the things you have realized and appreciated (attitude); and
the things you have discovered and wanted to do more (skills). Place those
things inside the circular, rectangular and triangle boxes.

Things I have learned (Knowledge)

Things I have realized and appreciated (Attitudes)

Things I
have
discovere

20
 21
What I Have What's More Assessment
Learned A. d
c
Streng d
th b
Streng c
th a
Weakn d
ess c
Weakn c
ess c
Weakn c
ess b
Streng d
th a
Streng d
th
Answer Key
 b 15. 10. a
a 14. 9. a a
d 13. 8. d a
b 12. 7. c a
d 11. 6. b c
b
B. d
inquiry d
ch d
resear d
inquiry d
ch c
resear c
inquiry d
a
A. b
What’s In What I Know

References
Jerusalem, Violeta, L, et.al., Practical Research 2: Exploring Quantitative Research,
2017, pages 6-20
Baraceros, Esther L., Practical Research 2, 2016, pages 7-27
Abadiano, Mark N., Research in Daily Life 2: Quantitative Research Method, 2016,
pages 1-3
https://www.slideshare.net/drjayeshpatidar/ppt-types-of-quantitative-research
https://opentext.wsu.edu/carriecuttler/chapter/overview-of-non-experimental-
research/

22
 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd – Division of General
Santos City with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new
normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners in General Santos City in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021.
The process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of General Santos City

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Tiongson Street, Brgy. Lagao, General Santos City

Telefax No.: (083) 552-8909

Email Address: [email protected]