Uz-Translations Hugo's Simplified System Swedish in Three Months Peter Graves Gunilla Blom Hugo's Language Books wwwdkcom(oxy ADORLING KINDERSLEY BOOK vwoewedkcom “This new and enlarged edition published in Great Britain in 1998 by Hugo's Language Books, {an imprint of Dorling Kindersley Limited, ‘9 Henrietta Street, London WC2E 8S Copyright 1998, 199 © Dorling Kindersley Ltd 2468109753 ‘ACIP catalogue record is available from the British Library. ISBN 0 85285 3475 ‘Swedish in Three Months is also available in ‘a pack with four cassettes, ISBN 0 85285 348 3 Written by Peter Graves MA, DipEd “Head of the Department of Scandinavian Studies University of Edinburgh and Gunilla Blom filmag, ‘Swedish Lektor in the Department of Scandinavian Studies University of Edinburgh Set in 10/12pt Palatino by ‘Alastair Wardle Printed and bound by LegoPrint, Italy Preface “This new edition ofthe Hugo course ‘Swedish in Three Months’ is designed for those people who want to agquire a ood working knowledge of Swedish in a short time, and {who will probably be working at home without a teacher. ‘The "Three Months’ series as a whole is renowned for its success in self-tultion, but the books are equally useful fs sources of reference if you happen tobe attending language classes. ‘The authors have many years of experience of teaching, Swedish both at school and university level and also in evening classes. They have used this experience to draw attention to areas of grammar that cause particular difficulty for English-speaking learners of Swedish. The language ‘used throughout the book is modern and colloquial ‘but, for the most part, avoids excessively slangy idioms: the consistent aim is acceptability “Swedish in Three Months’ begins with an explanation of the sounds ofthe language as far as this is possible in print, Ii'you have no teacher you wil find thatthe system of {mmitated pronunciation used in the early lessons will bea ‘reat help. We would, however, advise you to use the related ‘xidio cassettes if at all possible: these have been produced ‘2 optional extras but using them will undoubtedly enhance both the quality and the pleasure of your learning. Ask the ‘bookshop for Hugo's Swedish Three Months’ Cassette Course [deally you should spend about an hour a day on the course and tis probably better to spend alittle less than an hour rather than more. (Many people find that two half-hour sessions are much more efficient and often easier to organize in the course ofthe day.) It is much better to lear alittle at atime, and to lear that thoroughly. And don’t forget to use the ‘wasted’ five minutes atthe bus stop or inthe traffic jam: you don’t need the book with you in order to holdimaginary conversations in Swedish orto simply name the things that you can see, Do not be afraid to work aloud: ll the Swedish passages, examples and vocabulary should be repeated aloud as often as possible (but probably not at the bus stop) Each chapter introduces, explains and practises a number ‘of elements of grammar. Many examples are given and ‘you should study these carefully: earn the vocabulary they contain as you go along, since the exercises that follow will expect you to know it, Study each rule or numbered section carefully and reread it to ensure that you have fully understood the grammar and the examples given. Once you have understood the grammar, memorize a number of the examples so that you havea patter stuck firmly in your ‘mind, The complete vocabulary for each chapter is given atthe end of the chapter and you should test yourself on it before you continue. Do all the exercises (the answers are at the back ofthe book), and then do them again a few days. later. Are you making the same mistakes or diferent ones? ‘At the end of the course there are a couple of reading ‘Passages in good modern Swedish and, following them, ‘Swedish-English and English-Swedish mini-dictionary of all the vocabulary inthe book. By the end of the course you ‘will havea good understanding of Swedish and a sound [knowledge of all the main grammatical structures. You ‘now havea basis for further studies, whether for holiday, ‘business or examination purposes. We hope you enjoy ‘Swedish in Three Months’ and wish you success in ‘your learning, Picture Credits Jacket: all special photography Steve Gorton except Roster Hagowv PICTURE Live: Hart top left Paolo Koch centre, bottom lett; Christopher Rennie centre left below, back; Iharact: Julian Calder centre above: Ray Roberts top right, spine bottom, Miciiast JeNNER: bottom right; Nix. SErCHFIELo: spine top, centre below; THE STOCKMARKET: contre Contents Pronunciation 7 Chapter 1 1B Indefinite article Nouns Definite atilen the singular Sabet pronouns Tie tte & var’ Gobo) Noun purls Numbers 1-10 Question orm rer expressions Readington Nbcsbulry, dil & exercises Chapter 2 28 Frese tense of verbs ‘at ke‘ Go go) Definite article in the plral Question words The preposition ‘pl Negatives ‘Word order in main clauses bjt pronouns [embers 11-20. Reading ext Vocabulary & exercises Chapter 3 “ Fee frome Teinpentve Md sary ves Tent rates eg actves Nosbenst ‘Davor dert etal € esis Chapter 4 99) Wieak& strong verbs Impertect tense of weak verbs Inmegular verbs Dest form of adjectives Polite requests Reflexive verbs ‘Wort order: adverbs in main uses Conversation, with notes Vocabulary & exercises Chapter 5 74 tlie fouls Posessive form of adjective + sat & je [Imperfect tense of strong verbs Cnnting the indefinite aricle Relative pronouns Conversations, with notes Vocabulary, exercises drills Chapter 6 o Contnctions ‘Word order subordinate clauses More about word oder The erect lupe tenses of Tweak verbs ‘Tesupine of rong verbs More about pst tenses Conversation, with notes Voaabulary & neseChapter 7 108 Compound verbs Pronunciation Sec pri Wick ope the pst eet Nonbea ours ‘SE sue So orabulary enerdes Teun Danvers hes Treen Weebly tr oxeris Chapter 11 a? Conversation, with notes Bacar etree The alphabet 119 sparen e ap! Pakewalee Seo ‘TheSwedish alphabet has 29 eters. The ode ofthe eters Deporte ithe someon English andthe tre extra eters (4,8) Reciprocal use of! forms ‘appear at the end in that order. The letters w and q are rare ookuay 8 omcine EE in names, and words beginning with w ate nuded Conwell, ah tes ee Pepstions of time ci Later wating Eciaam = ‘The Swedish consonants are: bedfghjkimaparstvwx2. Seether ‘Al ele ‘The Swedish vowels are tack vowels) ae wir ron . la ees vow ely 38 Chapter 9 135 Winton. Rigo tinge Ones tage “Vit on Et Henin deel Sons poten vets The Imitated Pronunciation pe are in Tee esos nro Tin the first three Tessons of this course we have given Comments oa companied ImiltedTroruncatin ofthe new words as yarn Sopee the lnitted Pronuncation each syllable ofthe Seedish Comnpmative Aenpehtrent Reading practice 204 mea La 2s fa as is possible, been atten ag 8 eee ‘part mS Ulan Engoh word. The systems expan Theininiveaatt Key to exercises & 208 flowing the InlaiedPromuncatin you wl acre Fy acum iis ‘enough to make yourself understood. For a more natural oncndon wah noes Mini-dictionary 221 pronunciation, however, we recommend that you listen aan asq English Sedish ‘pened to the cst eordngs tat are avaiable to ler 10 eae Suedish ~ English accompany the book. And more than just listen: you should ‘Curie, ational pa 255 [ronotunce all the words and phrases aloud, carefully — lex imitating the cassette, as often as you have the chance. “Wher in questions & relative tating the cassette, as often as you have the chat ao ads Yel combeleStress All syllables are either stressed or unstressed; in the Imitated Pronunciation we indicate stressed syllables by the use of bold type. The sounds in unstressed syllables ae still ‘pronounced clearly - unlike in English, where there isa tendency for unstressed syllables to become indistinct or ‘even disappear In the Imitated Pronunciation final -e has ‘been written -eh to remind you to pronounce it. The main stress in Swedish words is generally on the first syllable: ‘gala ‘street’; ammal ‘old’ syster ‘sister’. Words borrowed from other languages (especially from French and Latin) will, however, often have the stress on the final syllable: student ‘student’; universitet ‘university’ ‘Words with the prefixes be-, ge-, and f@r- usually have their stress on the second syllable: betyda to mean’ gemensam, ‘common’ forklara ‘to explain. Length Vowels: Swedish vowels are either long or short, The spelling is a good but not inalible guide to length, ‘Vowels in unstressed syllables are always short ‘The vowel ina stressed syllable willbe long if) it comes at the end of a one-syilable word: tre ‘three’, ga ‘walk’ or i it is followed by only one consonant: bil ‘ar’, bat ‘boat. "Notice, however, thatthe vowel is shart in many common ‘words encling in single -m or -n: rum ‘room, hom ‘she Swedish long vowels are very much longer than English Tong vowels and Swedish short vowels are quite shor. Listen carefully to the cassette In English many long vowels are pronounced as diphthongs even where, as in ‘my’ oF 0’, they are written as single vowels. Try to avoid this in Swedish, as standard Swedish vowels are pure vowels. essa ash eanttated ai Ce ee sein ce ing nc deb uh ot core re ea eae Melody or tone “The characteristic melody or tone of Swedish that you have probably already heard arises from the fact that there are two word melodies (in most dialects) compared with the single word melody used in English. This is often illustrated as follows [ENGLISH finger ~ ENGLISH brother SWEDISH finger SWEDISH broder ~ Swedish broder along with many other words, then, has a secondary stress. These ‘melodies’ can only be learnt by imitation and we have made no attempt to reproduce them in the imitated Pronunciation, The cassette will help you here Pronunciation of vowels ‘The equivalents given can, of course, beno more than approximate. Imitated Vowel Pronunciation dong) dag day’ asa’ in English father’ ah (hor) hatt ‘hat’ as‘a’in northern English ‘hat’ a 4 ong) bit ‘boat’ as ‘aw’ in English ‘saw’ aw (hor) itt ‘gor’ aso" in English ‘got ° © long) bok book’ as ‘oa’ in English ‘moon’ but ‘with rounded and protriding lips 00: