Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III
Division of City of San Fernando (P)
MAGLIMAN INTEGRATED SCHOOL

DETAILED LESSON PLAN

IN MATHEMATICS 7
(Quarter 1 - Week 1 - Day 1])

I. Objectives

A. Content Standards
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of sets and the real number system.
B. Performance Standards
The learner is able to formulate challenging situations involving sets and real numbers and solve
these in a variety of strategies.
C. Learning Competencies
The learner describes well-defined sets, subsets, universal sets, and the null set and cardinality
of sets. [M7NS-Ia-1]
D. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. describes well-defined sets, null set and cardinality of set
2. illustrates sets using roster and rule methods

II. Content
Well – Defined Sets

Learning Resources

A. Reference
Second edition “Next Century Mathematics” by Fernando B. Orines [Revisor}, page 2 - 8

B. Other Learning Resources

III. Procedures

A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson

Hello there! How are you today? Do you miss being in school? I do.
But don’t worry you will soon see your friends and teachers in school.

Now, let us start by, defining what a set is.

Do you have any idea what a set is?

A set is any well – defined collection or group of distinct objects.

The object in a set can be anything: numbers, letters, symbols, names, things,
etc. These objects in a set are called elements or members of the set.

Sets are usually denoted by capital letters A, B, C…, X, Y, Z. The elements on

the other hand, are usually represented by lower case letters a, b, c…, x, y, z.

Now let us have an examples.

 Suppose an object x is an element of Set A. This can be written in symbol as

x ∈A

which can be read as “x belongs to A” or “x is an element of A”.

 In mathematics, it is customary to put a slash (/) through a symbol to indicate a negative
meaning of the symbol. So, if x is not an element of set b, then it can be written in symbol as
x ∉ B

To illustrate, if C = {x  x is a consonant}, the r ∈C, o ∉ C, and n ∈ C.

It is possible that a set has no element. Such set is referred to as an empty set or a null set.
The symbol  or { } is used to denote an empty set.

For instance, if D = {x  x > 3 and x < 1}, then D =  or D = { }

The set is empty since there exists no number which is greater than 3 and, at the same time, less
than 1.

But how do you know if a set is well-defined or not?

 Well – defined set is a set with an exact object or element.
Example:
A = {a subject in Grade 7}
Yes, it is a well- defined set, because it is clear whether a subject is taught in Grade 7.

B = {a popular actor}
No, because some people may consider an actor popular while others do not.

Let’s do this!
Determine whether the given set is well-defined or not.
a. a set of good books to read - ____________
b. a collection of all odd natural numbers - ___________
c. a collection of all vowels in English alphabet - ___________
d. the set of nice people in your school - __________
e. months of the year with less than 31 days - _________

Now, check your work by turning to page 6 for the key to correction. If your score is at least 3 out of 5,
you may now proceed to next part of the discussion. If not, I am sorry but you have to go back to the
activity and try all over again.

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson

Georg Cantor, a German mathematician, developed a theory of

sets towards the end of the 19th century. Since then, interest in
set theory has developed rapidly until today. Virtually, in every
field of mathematics, the importance of set theory can be felt.

Georg Cantor 1845 - 1918

C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson

Not let us become a German Mathematician!

There are two ways of describing sets: using the roster form and the set – builder form.
 In the roster form, the elements are listed, separated by comma, and enclosed in a pair of
brackets { }.

Example 1. Write each set described below in a roster form.

a. Set E consists of the vowels of the English alphabet.
Answer: E = {a, e, i, o, u}
b. Set G consists of all the counting numbers.
Answer: G = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,…}

 In the set – builder form, a set is defined by stating the property that describes all members
of the set.

*It is read as”Set H is a set of all x’s such that x is an odd number”. The vertical symbol “  ”
is read as “such that”.
 Example 1. Write each list below in set – builder form.
a. H = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15,…}
Answer: H = {x  x is an odd number}
b. J = {millimeter, centimeter, meter, hectometer, kilometer}
Answer: J = {z  z is a metric unit of length}

Now your turn!

A. Write each set described below in roster form.

1. Set B consists of the even numbers between 30 and 49. Score Description
2. Set M consists of all factors of 36.
3. Set F consists of the founding members of ASEAN. 6 Very Good
4-5 Good
B. Write each set described below in set – builder form. Fair
2-3
1. I = { , , x,  }
Turn to page 5
2. H = { April, June, September, November } sec. J and work
3. F = { guitar, violin, harp, cello, banjo} 0-1 on the enrichment
activities

Check your work by turning to page 6 for the key to correction. Rate your result using the table
above. If your score is at least 4 out of 6, you may now proceed to next part of the discussion.

D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1

Welcome Mini-me of Georg Cantor!

In the above Section C examples, sets E and J contain a definite number of different elements.
These sets are described as finite sets.
Set G and H are examples of infinite sets because counting the different elements of those sets
cannot come to an end. This ellipsis (…) indicated after the last identified element means that there are
other elements of the set.
The number of elements of a set referred to as its cardinality. In example 1 above, set E has 5
elements, namely, a, e, i, o, and u. The cardinality of set E is 5. In symbols,

n (E) = 5

Set G is an infinite set. Its cardinality is infinite. Hence,

n (G) = 

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2

Let us have some examples:

Tell whether each set is finite or infinite. Then determine its cardinality.
a. K = {k  k is a day of the week}
Solution: Set K when written in roster form is
K = {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday}

K has 7 elements. The cardinal number of K is 7. Thus, K is a finite set and n(K) = 7.

b. M = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49,…}

Solution: The exact number of elements of M is unknown. Its cardinal number cannot be
determined. Therefore, M is an infinite set and n(M) = .

Your turn!
Tell whether each set is finite or infinite. Then determine its cardinality.
a. Q = {q  q is an island of Earth }
Answer: ____________________________________________________

b. N = {1, 2, 3, 4, …, 12}
Answer: ____________________________________________________

Check your work by turning to page 6 for the key to correction. If you do not get the correct answer, you
have to go back to the activity and try all over again.
 F. Developing mastery

Group the following words in the box into well – defined sets. Write your answer in the arrow below
using roster form. Write your answer in a roster and set – builder form.

Calculator Monday graphing paper

Sunday Philippine National Anthem

Friday Meter stick

Chalk Pilipinas Kong Mahal

Your answer:

Thursday Black board Saturda

Eraser pencil Tuesday

marker Wednesday Ako ay Pilipino

G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living

Complete the notation: If Set A is a group of kind-hearted people, then each element x should be:
A = {x|x is ______________ } (e.g. humble)

H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

As for our summary:

A set is any well – defined collection of objects called elements.
The object in a set can be anything: numbers, letters, symbols, names, things, etc. These
objects in a set are called elements or members of the set.
Sets are usually denoted by capital letters A, B, C…, X, Y, Z. The elements on the other
hand, are usually represented by lower case letters a, b, c…, x, y, z.
A set can be written in roster form or in a set – builder form.
In the roster form, the elements are listed, separated by comma, and enclosed in a pair of
brackets { }.
Example: Set E consists of the vowels of the English alphabet.
Answer: E = {a, e, i, o, u}

In the set – builder form, a set is defined by stating the property that describes all members
of the set.
*It is read as”Set H is a set of all x’s such that x is an odd number”. The vertical symbol “  ”
is read as “such that”.
Example: H = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15,…}
Answer: H = {x  x is an odd number}
A set is finite if its cardinal number can be determined. Otherwise, it is infinite.
It is possible that a set has no element. Such set is referred to as an empty set or a null
set. The symbol  or { } is used to denote an empty set.
For instance, if D = {x  x > 3 and x < 1}, then D =  or D = { }

I. Evaluating learning

Do this!
A. Tell whether each element is finite or infinite. Write your answer in the blank before
each number.
___________ 1. The set whose elements are 9, 12, 15, and 30
___________ 2. The set whose members are the Chinese people around the world
___________ 3. The set whose elements are the consonant of English alphabet
___________ 4. The set whose elements are the names of the past presidents of the
Philippines
___________ 5. W = {x  x ≠ 10}

B. Consider X = {a, b, c, d, e, f,…,k}, Y = {g, h, I, j} and Z = {k, l, m, n, o, p, …, z}. Tell

whether the statement is true or false. Write your answer in the blank before each
number.
_______ 1. c ∈ X _________ 4. n(Z) = 11
__________ 2. w ∈ Z _________ 5. n(Y) = 4
 _______ 3. X = Z

C. Write each set described below in roster form.

1. Set A consists of the distinct letters of the word PHILIPPINES.
Answer: ___________________________________________
2. Set C consists of the days of the week.
Answer: ___________________________________________
3. Set D consists of the months of the year with less than 31 days.
Answer: __________________________________________
4. N = {x  x > 2 but x < 10}
Answer: __________________________________________
5. J = { j  j is a metric unit of length}
Answer: __________________________________________

D. Write each set described below in set – builder form.

1. Set B consists of Iloilo, Aklan, Capiz and Antique.
Answer: __________________________________________
2. Set C consists of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
Answer: __________________________________________
3. F = {guitar, violin, harp, cello, banjo}
Answer: __________________________________________
4. G = {Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mt. Province}
Answer: __________________________________________
6. H = {April, June, September, November}
Answer: __________________________________________

J. Additional activities for application or remediation

A. Tell whether each element is finite or infinite. Write your answer in the blank before each
number.
___________ 1. U = { x  x is a fraction}
___________ 2. The set whose members are points in space
___________ 3. D = {months of the year with 32 days}
___________ 4. C = {prime numbers between 10 and 20}
___________ 5. T = {I, II, III, IV,…,C}

B. Consider X = {a, b, c, d, e, f,…,k}, Y = {g, h, I, j} and Z = {k, l, m, n, o, p, …, z}. Tell whether

the statement is true or false. Write your answer in the blank before each
number.
_______ 1. q ∉ Z _________ 4. n(X) = 11
__________ 2. n (X) ≠ n(Z) _________ 5. h ∈ Y
_______ 3. f ∈ Y

C. Write each set described below in roster form.

1. I ={ x  x is a letter in the English alphabet and x comes before the letter “F”}
Answer: ___________________________________________
2. Q ={ x  x is a municipality and x is in National Capital Region}
Answer: ___________________________________________
3. B = {x|x is a factor of 12}
Answer: __________________________________________

D. Write each set described below in set – builder form.

1. D = {mother, father, son, daughter}
Answer: ___________________________________________
2. A = {h, o, n, e, s, t, y}
Answer: ___________________________________________
3. Set C consists of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and Jupiter.
Answer: __________________________________________
KEY TO CORRECTION

Section A. Let’s do this!

a. not
b. well – defined
c. well – defined
d. not
e. well – defined

Section C. Now your turn!

Set A.
1. B = {32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48}
2. M = {1, 2,3,6,12,18,36}
3. F = {Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand}

Set B.
1. I = {x  x is a symbol of fundamental arithmetic operation}
2. H = {x  x is the months of the year with less than 31 days}
3. F = { x  x is a musical instrument}

Section E. Now your turn!

a. Although it may be difficult to count the number of islands on Earth, the cardinal number of
Q is not impossible to determine. Hence, Q is a finite set.
b. In set N, the ellipsis is written between the elements 4 and 12. These means that there are
elements between 4 and 12. These unwritten elements can be identified. Actually, these
elements in N, or the cardinal number of N is 12. Therefore, N is a finite set and n(N) = 12.

If you need more help, you may reach me at cp # 09487830826 / 09556459447 or send me a private
message thru my facebook account [email protected] .

Prepared by:

MARY – ANNE JOY G. VIRAY

Teacher I