Introduction to Drilling

(The IPM Way)

DPT

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Outline
• Introduction
• Roles and responsibilities of key personnel
• Overview of rig and well types
• Design-Execute-Evaluate (WEMS) cycle
• Well Planning and Programming
• Well costing
• Procurement
• Monitoring and control
• Organizational learning and evaluation

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

1
 Training Objectives
At the end of this module you will be able to:
• Describe how IPM drills wells:
– Know the roles & responsibilities of key positions in
drilling operations
– Basic knowledge of different rig types & well types
– Basic Knowledge of the IPM D-E-E process
– Basic knowledge of the key IPM well construction
documents: BOD, program, EOWR
– Introduction to Well Costing
– Overview of monitoring and control of drilling
operations
– Familiar with Organizational Learning concept

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Introduction

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

2
 Oil Co. Exploration & Production

E&P
E&PCompany
Company

Geology
Geology&& Production
Production Reservoir
Reservoir
Geophysics
Geophysics(G&G)
(G&G)

Drilling
Drilling

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

G&G Drilling Production

Subsurface Wells Facilities

Gas Injection
GAS SALES
Delivery Pipeline

GAS WELL SALES MANIFOLD

GAS STORAGE
COMPRESSION
GAS LIFTED STATION OIL SALES
WELL PROCESS
GASOIL
SEPARATOR

EXPORT LINE

FLOWLINE
MONITORING DEHYDRATION

GATHERING TERMINAL

FILTRATION
TRUNK LINE

WATER DISPOSAL

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

3
 Participants Involved
• Geologist
• Geophysics
• Petrophysicists
• Production Engineers
• Reservoir Engineers
• Project Manager
• Well (Drilling) Engineers
• Wellsite Supervisor
• Drilling Contractor Personnel e.g. Transocean
• Services Company Personnel e.g. Schlumberger

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

IPM Roles

The Builder Project Manager

The Well/Production
Architect Engineer

The Wellsite
Foreman Supervisor

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Project Manager Role

• “The Project Manager is the client interface

responsible for efficient and profitable
management of the well programs including
scheduling, budgeting, execution and
project evaluation.”

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Well Engineer Role

OR ?

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Well Engineer Role

• The WE’s role is to deliver a “fit for purpose” well

that has met the objectives of the leaseholder and
stake holders.
– Engineering to meet the objective can take from 1 to 6
months (or more) depending on -
• Information available
• Technical challenges of the well
• Area in which the well will be drilled
– Without proper Engineering one can and should expect
problems meeting the expectations and the objective.

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Well Engineer Tasks

• Contracts
– Selection of Drilling Unit and materials
– Recommendation on service contracts
• Well Design/Planning
– Drilling & Completion Program
– Regulatory Approvals
• Procedures & Contingencies
– Drilling Procedures
– Environmental Procedures
– Emergency Procedures
• Operations Tracking
– Morning Reports
– Logistics
• Liaison with others (Production, Geology, Contractors, etc)
IDPT Intro to Drilling
IPM

6
 WellSite Supervisor (WSS) Role

• The WSS is responsible for the planning, co-

ordination, supervision and execution of
well programs

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

WSS Tasks
• Planning and Co-ordination
– 24 hour plan, daily meetings, pre-job meetings
– Standing Instructions to Driller
– Detailed procedures e.g. casing running
– Material requests, equipment lists
– 7 day logistics planner
• Operations
– Co-ordinates all project participants
– Ensures compliance with program and standards
– Checks equipment arriving on site
– Manages materials e.g. cement, mud chemicals

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 WSS Tasks
• Communication
– Daily and other reporting
• Administrative
– Cost tracking
– Job tickets
• QHSE
– Ensures safe operation
– Safety meetings
– Identifies and mitigates risks

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Rig Contractor Team Members

• Recap from Rig Awareness course

– Toolpusher
– Driller
– Assistant Driller
– Derrickman/Pumpman
– Roughnecks

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Example WCI Project Organization Chart
Client Drilling
Manager

IPM
Project Manager

QHSE Support

Drilling Logistics
Project Controller
Coordinator

Production Senior Drilling Wellsite

Engineer Engineer Supervisors

Client
Schlumberger Schlumberger 3rd Party
Segment Services Junior Drilling
Service Providers
Engineers

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Rig Types

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Rig Types

• Land rig
• Offshore rigs:
– Floating rigs:
• Semisubmersible,
• Drillships.
– Bottom-supported
rigs:
• Jack-ups,
• Platform,
• Barge.
IDPT Intro to Drilling
IPM

Land Rig

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Mobile Land rigs

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Jack-up Rigs

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Rig Move - Rowan Gorilla

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Submersible Rigs/Barges

Submersibles can be anchored or submerged to rest on the

bottom in depths up to 175ft. “Swamp” barges are typically
used to drill wells in shallow water depths of up to 20ft in
inland waterways and swamps.
IDPT Intro to Drilling
IPM

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 Semi-submersible Rigs

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Semi-submersible Rigs

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Drillship

A Drillship is a self-
self-
propelled floating drilling
unit.

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Drillship

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Rig Types-Summary

Barge Rig Jacks-Ups Moored Semi DP Semi or Drillship

Inland waters <400 ft WD Deep water

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Rig Selection

• There are a number of considerations:

– Ranges of well depths and hole sizes to be drilled
– Casing loads expected
– Range of rotary speeds required
– Drill Strings – Drill Collar weights and sizes
– Limits on package sizes
– Mud system, tanks and manifolding
– Auxiliary services and power required
– Substructure height - clearances
– Blowout prevention equipment
– Controls
– Miscellaneous (racks, tools, instrumentation,etc…)
IDPT Intro to Drilling
IPM

15
 Well Types

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Types of Well -1

• Exploration
– Are sometimes called a wildcat well, probe the earth
where known hydrocarbons exist to determine whether
oil or gas are present.

• Appraisal
– Are drilled to determine the extent of a field or the
amount of area it covers.

• Development wells/Production
– Are drilled in a existing field to exploit the
hydrocarbons.
IDPT Intro to Drilling
IPM

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 Types of Well - 2

• Vertical
• Deviated
• Horizontal

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Multi-lateral & Designer Wells

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Well Planning

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

The importance of Well Engineering

Noddy goes Drilling

g i n eered
En
Well
IDPT Intro to Drilling
IPM

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 Well Construction D-E-E Cycle
Operator IPM Product Lines
& 3rd parties
WELL PROPOSAL
Well Objectives Well Design or Planning
Offset Information Documents requiring authority

Clarify

Design
REVIEW INFORMATION

IDENTIFY DESIGN Identify Limiting Criteria DESIGN

CRITERIA (If Any)
AND
PLANNING
AGREED POLICY W/
OPERATOR & DRILL. GENERATE INITIAL R&D Support
CONTRACT. DESIGN OPTIONS Product Line Support

Basis of Design
AFE APPROVED

BASIS OF DESIGN ENGINEERING

LEGISLATION
APPLICATIONS

DETAILED
DESIGN

BRIDGING DOC.

Design
POLICIES - Product Line & 3rd
PROCEDURES Party Support

SPECIFY WELL OPERATION

MATERIALS PROGRAMME
EQUIP. & SERVICES
WELL OPERATION
PROGRAM
REVIEW w/ DRILLING
PROC. PROPOSAL CONTRACTORS
OPERATOR
APPROVAL

Program
PROCUREMENT &
LOGISTICS
OPERATOR APPROVAL

PROCUREMENT
& LOGISTICS
AUTHORISATION TO
DRILL
EXECUTION

PRE SPUD MEETING

WELL OPERATIONS

DAILY REPORTS
Well Handover EVALUATION
END of WELL REPORT
Objectives & Operations Review
Lessons Learned JOB REPORTS

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

WEMS Key Documents

Generate Well Objectives
Key Well requirements Well Proposal
Key Well success factors
Starting Point for Design

Develop Design
Options generation
Product Line Involvement Basis of Design
Engineering Applications
Design consistency
Generate Program
Well Specific Trajectory Well Program
Detailed Instructions

Evaluate Update WEMS Documents &

Actual vs Planned End of Well Report

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Well Proposal

• Specifies Subsurface Environment and Well

Objectives
• Key Design Criteria:
– Formation type
– Formation Pore Pressures and Fracture Gradients
– Depths
– Hydrocarbon type
– Hazards (Shallow Gas, H2S, CO2 etc)
• Challenge Assumptions and Objectives!

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Basis of Design (BOD)

• BOD created for each design element, & includes:
– References to the Policies and Codes used in the design
– Required Design Safety Factors
– Sources of input information
– Goals and Assumptions
– Well objectives and key success factors addressed by the
design
– Design Options discussion and evaluation.
– Summary Results of simulation work performed (e.g.
hydraulics, torque)
– Justification for selected design option
– Limits of applicability of the selected design over the life of
well
IDPT Intro to Drilling
IPM

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 Features of the BOD

• Captures Reasoning
• Considers Complete Life of a Well
• Primary Design Document for similar wells
in a Field Development
• For Field Development:
– May apply to each well type
– Updated with lessons learned
– Always Current

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Drilling BOD Contents

• Offset data analysis

• Wellbore stability (WBS) analysis
Casing design and hole size
• Directional Drilling
• Drilling Fluids
• Cementing

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Well Program

• Derived from the authorized BOD

• Includes information on the Design
Envelope of the well
• Used for Well Permitting to Government
authorities

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Summary and Operations Programs

• Summary Program: low detail for partners or government
• Operations program - sufficiently detailed for the rig to work to;
sent to the rig
• Example
– Mud Summary Program: Spec by interval (MW, type, PV, YP, etc.),
Contingency plans (lost circulation etc.)
– Detailed Mud Program: Mud formulation information, mixing
procedures, pill make up, solids control plan and other information
required to build and maintain the mud system

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Difference between
Design Versus Program

• Design: Link between Well Objectives & Program

Well Well
DESIGN Program
Objectives

• Program: Link between Design & Operations

DESIGN Program OPERATIONS

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Drilling Software
Trajectory, Pore, Frac Mud weights and casing
Pressures and wellbore points
stability

Pump rates and

Start Point
pressures
Mechanical
Earth Model
and Targets
Scoping Detailed Planning
ROP prediction and
activity times
Automated Calculations in < 10-min
Well Plan
Costing, Times, Activities

Swordfish Drilling Office

Knowledge
Management
Execution

DrillDB WellTrak/
IDPT Intro to Drilling
IPM Snapper

23
 Simplified D.O. Well Planning Workflow
Target
Selection
Anti -
Collision

Trajectory
Design
Pore
Pressure
Prediction

Kick Tol. Well Bore Temperature

Casing Pres. Stability Simulator

No
BHA Editor
Casing
Seats & Design
Yes
Yes
No Torque Drilling Cement
& Drag Fluids Design

No Yes Request for

Hydraulics Well Plan
Proposals

Well Costing

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Well Costing

• Reasons for well costing:

– Budgeting
– Economics
– Partners recharging
– Shareholders

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Well Costing

• Well Costs depend on :

– Drillability
– Hole depth
– Well target(s)
– Profile (vertical/ horizontal /multilateral)
– Subsurface problems
– Rig costs and performance
– Completion efficiency

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Example well costs - 1

• Onshore Mexico
– $1MM drilling
– $0.76MM completion
including stimulation

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Example well costs - 2

• Wildcat well,
offshore Bering Sea
– $42MM project cost
including DST
– Mob/demob rig from
Singapore

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Well Costing

• Total Well Costs for a

Development Drilling
Program depend on :
– Number of rigs
– Rig rate
– Well numbers and well
type
– Total hole depth
– Well layout and spacing
– Specifications of
equipment
– Target tolerances
– Water depth
IDPT Intro to Drilling
IPM

Well Costing

Well cost estimates are made up of two major

elements:
• Time dependent costs
– Rig costs (mob/demob, day rate, other)
– Services (logging, cement, directional etc)
• Tangible costs
– Casing, wellheads etc

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Drilling Time Estimation

• Time is made up of:

– Drilling times spent on making hole , including
circulation, wiper trips and tripping, directional work,
geological sidetrack and hole opening.
– Flat times spent on running and cementing casing,
making up BOPS and wellheads.
– Testing and completion time.
– Formation evaluation time including coring, logging etc.
– Rig up and rig down of rig.
– Non-productive time

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Drilling Time Estimate Depth Days

MD m
Operations Description Activity Cum.
BRT

Rig up to drill 1.00 1.00

Drill 36" hole to 50m 50 0.35 1.35
Run / cmt 26" conductor / NU diverter 2.50 3.85
Drill 26" hole to 596m 596 4.13 7.98
Run / cmt 20" csg / NU wellhead 2.5 10.48
Drill 17.5”hole to 1422m 1422 4.36 14.84
Log hole 1.00 15.84
Run / cmt 13 3/8" csg / NU 2.0 17.84
Drill 12 1/4" hole to 2334m 2334 8.27 26.11
Log 12 1/4" hole 0.50 26.61
Run / cmt 9 5/8" csg / NU 2 28.61
Drill 8 1/2" hole to 3620m 3620 21.43 50.04
Log 8 1/2" hole (full open hole logging) 4.00 54.04
Run / cmt 7” liner , run CBL/VDL 3.5 57.54
Displace hole to completion fluids, prepare
well for testing 1.5 59.04
Total Days 59

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

28
 Time Versus Depth Curve

We ll- 1 : Time De pth Curve

0
30" @ 50
500 20" Casing @ 596 m

1,000 Drill 17.5"

1,500 13 3/8" Casing @ 1422 m

2,000
Drill 12.1/4" 9 5/8" Casing @ 2334 m
2,500

3,000
Drill 8.5"
3,500 7" liner
@ 3620 m
4,000
0 10 20 30 D a y s 40 50 60 70 80

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Non Productive Time ( NPT)

The time required for any routine or abnormal

operation which is carried out as a result of a
failure is defined as Non Productive Time (NPT)

• IPM definition: Time spent not progressing

the operation towards its objective
• Waiting on weather or Waiting on Orders,
people or equipment is not NPT. This is
standby time.
IDPT Intro to Drilling
IPM

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 Stuck pipe / Sidetrack example
Decision of
side Track
Pipe stuck

POOH Attempt to free POOH Side track

Free Drilling

Drilling POOH
w/Over Back off Cement plug Drilling
pull depth
“A”

NPT - 13 days
Drilling
depth

End of fishing
Beginning of fishing

“A”

operations
One day
operations

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Non Productive Time (NPT)

1. Rig equipment
– Down time due to Surface Equipment:
– Mud pumps, generators, shakers, rotary table,
top drive/kelly, hoist, drilling line, gauges,
compressors, anchors
– Note that within the rig contract a fixed time is
allowed for rig repairs/ maintenance. The NPT
rig time should be the time recorded above the
agreed fixed time.

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Non Productive Time (NPT)
2. Downhole Equipment
– Downtime in this category includes:
– MWD (but not LWD as this is part of logging)
– BHA elements (Adjustable stabiliser, drop-in subs,
hole openers blades not opening)
– Drillstring Equipment
– Includes: twist offs, wash-outs, backed-off strings,
plugged pipes, collapsed pipes, plugged bit and bit
failure.
3. Logging equipment
– This includes downtime due to failure of : LWD tools,
wireline tools, stuck logging tools, failure of surface
related equipment including wireline reels, electrical
faults. IDPT Intro to Drilling
IPM

NPT in IPM Projects, 2002

Percentage of Non Productive Time During Drilling Operations

100
Burgos (Mexico)

AMNI (Nigeria)
90
Dacion
(Venezuela)
Benton
80 (Venezuela)
Prisa (Venezuela)

Deltana
70 (Venezuela)
Oxy (Ecuador)

YPF - Repsol
60
(Ecuador)
Obangue (Gabon)
NPT (%)

50 Petroproduction

Ramco (Ireland)

40 Bima (Indonesia)

Pertamina
(Indonesia)
30 Pedco (Iran)

EPL (USL)

20 Sibneft Muravlenko

10

0
January February March April May June July August September October November December
Month (2002)

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Procurement
(no slides)

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Monitoring and Control

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Example Project Hub

Daily Reporting

DrillDB Master Database

Data Entry
(Rigsite) Integrated Info & Reports
Interactive Well Plan

Capture Data
Drilling Office
Validate / QC Applications
Trajectory
Hydraulics PorePressure
Print Reports
Anticollision AFE/Costing

Reports & Real Time Data Query Tool

Project
Rigsite Database
Database

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Daily Reporting

• Landmark DIMS (Industry leader)

• SIS WellTRAK
• SIS Snapper (under development)
• Excel (widely used in IPM today)

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Daily Reporting

• Review Example Report

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Operations Meetings

• Daily meeting
– QHSE
– Logistics
– Operations
– Forward Plan
• Weekly meeting
• Service Quality Meetings

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Operations Decision Making

• Decision Trees
• Problem solving

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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 Management of Change
A process to revise the consequences of changes
made to defined design, specification or written
procedures
• Changes are common in drilling projects:
Voluntary: Surface locations, casing seats, equipment, etc.
Imposed: Geological prognosis, unplanned events, etc.
• The same rigor used to make the initial design/program
decisions needs to be applied to making the decisions
resulting from the change
• Changes may impact other disciplines hence, need to
communicate
IDPT Intro to Drilling
IPM

MOC Process
Identify new risks
Acknowledge
resulting from Analyze risks
the
the change
change

Probability Protection
Emergency
response Prevention
Probable Unacceptable
Non-
Region
region
Rare
Proceed Very rare
Acceptable
Extremely Region
improbable
N L S M C
Severity

Obtain approval
from initial
program/procedure Modify Mitigate risks
approver program/procedure To ALARP

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

36
 Example Time Versus Depth Curve

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

Time Analysis
Drilling times actual vs planned NPT and activities per section

20 100%
18 Planned
16 80%
Actual
14
60%
12
Days

10 40%
8
6 20%
4
2 0%
0 Planned
n

l
2"

8"
"

ta
io
/4

1/

1/

To
-1

et
8-

6-

Actual
12

pl
"

om
- 1 /4

/2 "

/8 "

C
8-1
12

on
6-1

le ti

Drilling/Completion Other activities NPT

mp
Co

NPT/Service companies

SDS
30% Dow ell
13%
Baker Anadrill
21% 13%
MI
23%

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

37
 End of Well Report
• Application
– Record Keeping
– Legislation
– Continuous Improvement

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

End of Well Report

Standard IPM format in WEMS
– Well Summary – Evaluation Report
– Performance Summary – Completion Report
– Time Analysis – Geological Report
– Cost Summary – Wellhead Diagram
– HSE Summary
– Project Organization
– Recommendations
– Daily Drilling Reports
– Daily Well Operations
Summary
– Bit Record
– Directional Drilling Report
– Cementing Report
– Drilling Fluids Report

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

38
 Lessons Learnt
• Capture improvements for next well !
• Archive cross project lessons in InTouch
• Example
N Service Event Cause Effect Action
o. Provider Required
1 MI Mud The 8 ½” shoe The mud weight dropped MI is currently
contaminate track was drilled 7points and an influx looking to rent a tank
d using FloPro which was taken with oil at for Dowell so that the
is contaminated by surface shoe track can be
cement, due to drilled with Seawater.
mud tank limitation
2 Anadrill Section TD The power pack The section TD was Anadrill to provide
A475 came to the called as there was no back up of all
end of its life after back-up to the IAB on equipment to be
an extra 300m of the other motor (no used
reservoir had been back-up in contract)
drilled.
3 Anadrill Space-out The BHA run was A space out trip was Optimize the
trip designed to drill needed drillstring design
400m

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

WEMS* Learning Process

WELL 1 WELL 2
BOD FILES Agree BOD.doc BOD FILES
(well 1) Lessons (well 1) (well 2)
bodcmtp.doc OPERATION UPDATE DOC GENERATE bodcmtp.doc
Learned + PA Comments
bodmudp.doc /etc bodmudp.doc / etc

WELL Agree prop.doc WELL

PROPOSAL Lessons (well1) PROPOSAL
(well1) OPERATION Learned UPDATE DOC GENERATE (well2)
+ PA Comments
prop.doc

OPS Agree opshi1.doc OPS

SEQUENCES OPERATION Lessons UPDATE DOC(well 1) GENERATE SEQUENCES
(well 1) Learned + PA Comments (well 2)
opshi1p.doc etc

Now Include all

Previous Learning
Electronic Archive?

IDPT Intro to Drilling

IPM

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